Quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system, which comprises a quantum sensing module, an optical excitation acquisition module, a signal processing module, a microwave control module and an environment control module, the microwave control module generates a frequency-tunable microwave field and applies the frequency-tunable microwave field to the quantum sensing module. The environment control module inhibits interference of external magnetic field disturbance, temperature fluctuation and mechanical vibration on the detection process. The quantum sensing module outputs an optical response signal associated with a magnetic field state, and the optical excitation acquisition module provides excitation light for the quantum sensing module to initialize a quantum state and acquires a fluorescence signal generated by the quantum sensing module; and the signal processing module receives the fluorescence signal, performs data preprocessing based on an optical detection magnetic resonance principle, and outputs magnetic field intensity and vector direction information. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that extremely weak magnetic field detection is realized, and the system stability and the scene adaptability are considered at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision magnetic field measurement technology, specifically to a quantum-powered weak magnetic field detection system. Background Technology

[0002] The detection of weak magnetic fields in quantum poles is in urgent need in the fields of biomedical imaging (such as magnetoencephalography), geological exploration and materials characterization.

[0003] Currently, the detection of extremely weak magnetic fields mainly relies on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) or atomic magnetometers. SQUIDs require liquid helium cooling, making the system complex and expensive; atomic magnetometers are sensitive to environmental vibrations and temperature, and have limited spatial resolution. While quantum magnetic sensing technology based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy color centers has the potential to operate at room temperature and achieve nanometer-level resolution, existing systems have significant drawbacks: insufficient suppression of surface charge noise leads to short spin coherence time, and it is difficult to completely eliminate interference from environmental magnetic field fluctuations, temperature drift, and vibration. Furthermore, the probe is relatively large, making it difficult to adapt to in-situ detection scenarios in confined spaces or within biological organisms, thus limiting the practical application of extremely weak magnetic fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects and provide a method for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields while taking into account both system stability and scene adaptability.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system, including a quantum sensing module, an optical excitation acquisition module and a signal processing module, a microwave control module and an environmental control module; The microwave control module generates a frequency-tunable microwave field and applies it to the quantum sensing module, while the environmental control module suppresses interference from external magnetic field disturbances, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical vibrations on the detection process. The quantum sensing module outputs an optical response signal associated with the magnetic field state, and the optical excitation acquisition module provides excitation light to the quantum sensing module to initialize the quantum state and acquires the fluorescence signal generated therefrom. The signal processing module receives fluorescence signals, performs data preprocessing based on the principle of optical detection magnetic resonance, and outputs magnetic field strength and vector direction information.

[0006] Preferably, the quantum sensing module includes a sensitive medium unit and a support and protection unit; The sensitive medium unit adopts a solid-state color center structure with optically readable spin characteristics; The support and protection unit fixes the sensitive medium unit and provides thermal management and interface noise suppression.

[0007] Preferably, the optical excitation acquisition module includes a light source unit, an optical path guiding unit, and a fluorescence detection unit; The light source unit outputs excitation light, and the optical path guiding unit guides the excitation light to the quantum sensing module and efficiently collects fluorescence. The fluorescence detection unit converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the signal processing module.

[0008] Preferably, the microwave control module includes a microwave generating unit and a microwave radiating unit; The microwave generation unit outputs microwave signals with controllable frequency and power. The microwave radiation unit forms a spatially uniform microwave field in the sensitive area of ​​the quantum sensing module.

[0009] Preferably, the microwave control module includes a microwave generating unit and a microwave radiating unit; The microwave generation unit outputs microwave signals with controllable frequency and power. The microwave radiation unit forms a spatially uniform microwave field in the sensitive area of ​​the quantum sensing module.

[0010] Preferably, the microwave control module includes a microwave generating unit and a microwave radiating unit; The microwave generation unit outputs microwave signals with controllable frequency and power. The microwave radiation unit forms a spatially uniform microwave field in the sensitive area of ​​the quantum sensing module.

[0011] Preferably, the environmental control module includes a magnetic shielding unit, a temperature control unit, and a vibration isolation unit; The magnetic shielding unit attenuates external static magnetic and low-frequency alternating magnetic fields, the temperature control unit maintains the temperature stability of the detection area, and the vibration isolation unit blocks the transmission path of external vibrations.

[0012] Preferably, the quantum sensing module further includes multiple spatially distributed independent sensing regions; the system synchronously acquires the output signals of each region and performs differential operations to suppress common-mode environmental noise; The sensing regions are arranged according to the gradient meter configuration.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes an automatic calibration module; the automatic calibration module generates a controllable standard reference magnetic field to drive the system to complete sensitivity calibration and zero-point drift correction.

[0014] Preferably, the quantum sensing module is packaged as a fiber-coupled miniature probe; the probe transmits excitation light and fluorescence signals through optical fibers and is connected to an external microwave source through a flexible microwave transmission structure, making it suitable for in-situ magnetic field detection in confined spaces or on / inside biological bodies.

[0015] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: In this invention, the environmental control module and differential sensing architecture work together to significantly suppress environmental magnetic field fluctuations, temperature drift and vibration noise, thereby improving long-term measurement stability. The modular sub-unit design of this invention facilitates maintenance and upgrades. The fiber-coupled micro probe supports in-situ detection in special scenarios such as confined spaces, making it easy to promote and use. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum extreme weak magnetic field detection system. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Combined with appendix Figure 1 As shown, the quantum weak magnetic field detection system includes a quantum sensing module, an optical excitation acquisition module and a signal processing module, a microwave control module and an environmental control module; The microwave control module generates a frequency-tunable microwave field and applies it to the quantum sensing module, while the environmental control module suppresses interference from external magnetic field disturbances, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical vibrations on the detection process. The quantum sensing module outputs an optical response signal associated with the magnetic field state, and the optical excitation acquisition module provides excitation light to the quantum sensing module to initialize the quantum state and acquires the fluorescence signal generated therefrom. The signal processing module receives fluorescence signals, performs data preprocessing based on the principle of optical detection magnetic resonance, and outputs magnetic field strength and vector direction information.

[0019] The quantum sensing module includes a sensitive medium unit and a support and protection unit. The sensitive medium unit adopts a solid-state color center structure with optically readable spin characteristics. The support and protection unit fixes the sensitive medium unit and provides thermal management and interface noise suppression. The quantum sensing module also includes multiple spatially distributed independent sensing regions. The system synchronously acquires the output signals of each region and performs differential operations to suppress common-mode environmental noise. The sensing regions are arranged according to a gradient meter configuration. The quantum sensing module is packaged as a fiber-coupled miniature probe; the probe transmits excitation light and fluorescence signals through optical fibers and is connected to an external microwave source through a flexible microwave transmission structure, making it suitable for in-situ magnetic field detection in confined spaces or on / inside biological bodies.

[0020] In one embodiment: The optical excitation and acquisition module includes a light source unit, an optical path guiding unit, and a fluorescence detection unit; the light source unit outputs excitation light, the optical path guiding unit guides the excitation light to the quantum sensing module and efficiently collects fluorescence; the fluorescence detection unit converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the signal processing module; The microwave control module includes a microwave generation unit and a microwave radiation unit; the microwave generation unit outputs microwave signals with controllable frequency and power; the microwave radiation unit forms a spatially uniform microwave field in the sensitive area of ​​the quantum sensing module.

[0021] The signal processing module includes a signal conversion unit and an intelligent processing unit; the signal conversion unit completes the analog-to-digital conversion and preprocessing of the fluorescence signal; the intelligent processing unit performs adaptive noise suppression and dynamic tracking of resonant frequency, and calculates magnetic field parameters. The environmental control module includes a magnetic shielding unit, a temperature control unit, and a vibration isolation unit; the magnetic shielding unit attenuates external static magnetic fields and low-frequency alternating magnetic fields, the temperature control unit maintains the temperature stability of the detection area, and the vibration isolation unit blocks the external vibration transmission path.

[0022] In one embodiment: It also includes an automatic calibration module; the automatic calibration module generates a controllable standard reference magnetic field to drive the system to complete sensitivity calibration and zero-point drift correction.

[0023] When using: The system starts with the environmental control module working first: the magnetic shielding unit attenuates the external static magnetic field and low-frequency alternating magnetic field, the temperature control unit controls the temperature fluctuation in the detection area within ±0.1℃, and the vibration isolation unit blocks the transmission of ground vibration.

[0024] In the optical excitation and acquisition module, the light source unit emits continuous laser light, which is focused by the optical path guiding unit (including a dichroic mirror and a bandpass filter) onto the sensitive medium unit of the quantum sensing module. This unit adopts a diamond-based solid-state color center structure, and the laser initializes its spin state to the ground state. The microwave control module operates synchronously; the microwave generation unit outputs a swept-frequency microwave signal, which, through the microwave radiation unit (micro-nano coplanar waveguide), forms a uniform microwave field in the sensitive region, driving the color center spin to undergo magnetic resonance. When the magnetic field to be measured is present, the resonance frequency shifts, causing a change in fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence detection unit captures this signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then sent to the signal processing module. In the signal processing module, the signal conversion unit performs analog-to-digital conversion and baseline correction; the intelligent processing unit runs an adaptive filtering algorithm to suppress 1 / f noise and extracts the resonance frequency shift by fitting the ODMR spectrum in real time, ultimately calculating the magnetic field strength and vector direction. The quantum sensing module deploys two or more independent sensing regions, arranged in a gradient meter configuration (e.g., the baseline distance is adjustable). The system synchronously collects signals from each region and performs differential operations, effectively suppressing interference from uniform background magnetic fields. It is specifically designed for detecting magnetic field gradients generated by biological nerve currents, geological anomalies, etc.

[0025] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0026] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0027] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum-based weak magnetic field detection system, characterized in that: It includes a quantum sensing module, an optical excitation and acquisition module, a signal processing module, a microwave control module, and an environmental control module; The microwave control module generates a frequency-tunable microwave field and applies it to the quantum sensing module, while the environmental control module suppresses interference from external magnetic field disturbances, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical vibrations on the detection process. The quantum sensing module outputs an optical response signal associated with the magnetic field state, and the optical excitation acquisition module provides excitation light to the quantum sensing module to initialize the quantum state and acquires the fluorescence signal generated therefrom. The signal processing module receives fluorescence signals, performs data preprocessing based on the principle of optical detection magnetic resonance, and outputs magnetic field strength and vector direction information.

2. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum sensing module includes a sensitive medium unit and a support and protection unit; The sensitive medium unit adopts a solid-state color center structure with optically readable spin characteristics; The support and protection unit fixes the sensitive medium unit and provides thermal management and interface noise suppression.

3. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical excitation acquisition module includes a light source unit, an optical path guiding unit, and a fluorescence detection unit; The light source unit outputs excitation light, and the optical path guiding unit guides the excitation light to the quantum sensing module and efficiently collects fluorescence. The fluorescence detection unit converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the signal processing module.

4. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave control module includes a microwave generation unit and a microwave radiation unit. The microwave generation unit outputs microwave signals with controllable frequency and power. The microwave radiation unit forms a spatially uniform microwave field in the sensitive area of ​​the quantum sensing module.

5. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing module includes a signal conversion unit and an intelligent processing unit; The signal conversion unit performs analog-to-digital conversion and preprocessing of the fluorescence signal; The intelligent processing unit performs adaptive noise suppression and dynamic tracking of resonant frequency to calculate magnetic field parameters.

6. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental control module includes a magnetic shielding unit, a temperature control unit, and a vibration isolation unit. The magnetic shielding unit attenuates external static magnetic and low-frequency alternating magnetic fields, the temperature control unit maintains the temperature stability of the detection area, and the vibration isolation unit blocks the transmission path of external vibrations.

7. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quantum sensing module also includes multiple spatially distributed independent sensing regions; the system synchronously acquires the output signals of each region and performs differential operations to suppress common-mode environmental noise; The sensing regions are arranged according to the gradient meter configuration.

8. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic calibration module; the automatic calibration module generates a controllable standard reference magnetic field to drive the system to complete sensitivity calibration and zero-point drift correction.

9. The quantum extremely weak magnetic field detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quantum sensing module is packaged as a fiber-coupled miniature probe; the probe transmits excitation light and fluorescence signals through optical fibers and is connected to an external microwave source through a flexible microwave transmission structure, making it suitable for in-situ magnetic field detection in confined spaces or on / inside biological bodies.

Images