Three-component microseism monitoring device and method for geologic body leakage risk monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-component microseism monitoring device and method for geologic body leakage risk monitoring, and belongs to the technical field of geologic monitoring, the device comprises a protective shell, and a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and acquisition unit, a data transmission unit and an intelligent control unit are sequentially arranged in the protective shell. According to the three-component micro-seismic monitoring equipment and method for monitoring the leakage risk of the geologic body, dynamic changes of seismic signals in three orthogonal directions are accurately captured, the geological leakage risk is accurately found in time, meanwhile, the long-term monitoring cost is reduced, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological monitoring technology, and in particular to a three-component microseismic monitoring device and method for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies. Background Technology

[0002] In modern energy development and geological engineering activities, the integrity and stability of geological bodies are crucial. Taking oil and gas extraction as an example, as extraction activities progress, factors such as changes in formation pressure, rock fracturing, and fluid migration can cause defects such as cracks and cavities in the geological body, leading to oil and gas leaks. This not only wastes resources but also causes serious damage to the surrounding environment and ecosystem. Similarly, in the operation of underground gas storage facilities, the sealing and stability of the surrounding rock are directly related to the safe operation of the storage facility; even minor leaks can trigger serious safety accidents.

[0003] Microseismic monitoring, as an effective geophysical monitoring method, can detect minute seismic events within geological bodies caused by rock fracturing, fluid flow, and other factors. These minute seismic events are usually accompanied by the propagation of seismic waves. By monitoring and analyzing these seismic waves, structural changes and stress states within the geological body can be inferred, thereby enabling early warning of potential geological leaks. However, current microseismic monitoring equipment faces numerous challenges in practical applications.

[0004] On the one hand, many existing devices are insufficient to meet the needs of permanent monitoring. In complex geological environments, such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and highly corrosive downhole environments, the stability and durability of equipment face severe challenges. Traditional monitoring equipment often requires regular maintenance, calibration, and even replacement, which not only increases monitoring costs but may also lead to data interruption, affecting the accurate understanding of long-term geological trends. For example, some microseismic sensors based on electrical principles are prone to electronic component performance drift in high-temperature environments, leading to decreased measurement accuracy; in high-humidity and highly corrosive environments, the sensor's casing and internal circuitry are easily corroded, shortening the equipment's lifespan.

[0005] On the other hand, existing microseismic monitoring equipment has shortcomings in terms of accuracy and resolution in three-component monitoring. Microseismic signals are typically very weak, with significant variations in amplitude and frequency range, and are easily affected and attenuated by geological media during propagation. Some existing three-component sensors have limited ability to capture weak signals and cannot accurately distinguish subtle differences in microseismic signals across different directions. This leads to deviations in the judgment of crucial information such as the orientation and size of fractures within geological bodies and the direction of fluid migration under complex geological conditions. For example, in areas with multiple layers of different lithological strata and complex fault structures, existing monitoring equipment struggles to accurately resolve microseismic signals, failing to provide precise data support for geological body leakage risk assessment.

[0006] In conclusion, developing a device that can adapt to complex geological environments, achieve permanent monitoring, and possess high-precision three-component monitoring capabilities is of great significance for improving the accuracy and reliability of geological leakage risk monitoring and ensuring the safety of energy development and geological engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-component microseismic monitoring device and method for permanent geological body leakage, which accurately captures the dynamic changes of seismic signals in three orthogonal directions, enabling timely and accurate detection of geological leakage risks, while reducing long-term monitoring costs and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a three-component microseismic monitoring device for permanent geological body leakage. The device includes a protective shell, and inside the protective shell are arranged a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and acquisition unit, a data transmission unit and an intelligent control unit in sequence. The protective shell is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant and well-sealing nickel-based alloy or titanium alloy material. The surface is passivated and the interior has a multi-layer heat insulation, shock absorption and moisture-proof structure. It is filled with high-performance heat insulation material and shock absorption material, and has multiple mounting holes and adjustable fixing devices. The sensor unit includes a three-component accelerometer based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The sensor is integrated from three mutually perpendicular single-axis accelerometers. Each single-axis accelerometer has a high-precision sensitive structure fabricated on a silicon wafer. The sensitive structure adopts a mass block-spring system. The sensor surface is coated with a nanocomposite material coating that has waterproof, dustproof, corrosion-resistant and electromagnetic shielding functions. The signal conditioning and acquisition unit includes a low-noise preamplifier, an anti-aliasing filter, a programmable gain amplifier, a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a digital signal processor (DSP). The low-noise preamplifier has a noise figure as low as 0.5nV / √Hz, the programmable gain amplifier has a gain range of 1-1000 times with an error of less than ±0.5%, and the ADC has a resolution of 24 bits and a sampling rate of up to 100kHz. The data transmission unit transmits data via optical fiber communication and / or wireless transmission. The optical fiber communication uses optical modulation / demodulation technology and forward error correction (FEC) coding, which can achieve gigabit to 10 gigabit speeds and relay-free transmission distances of tens of kilometers. The wireless transmission uses low-power, long-distance technology (such as NB-IoT or LoRa), has adaptive modulation coding and encryption functions, and supports data caching and breakpoint resumption. The intelligent control unit includes a microcontroller, a storage module (non-volatile memory), communication interfaces (SPI, I2C, UART, Ethernet) and a human-machine interaction module (display screen, buttons and indicator lights), which is used to monitor the operation of the device in real time, cache data and execute remote commands. The display screen can be LCD or OLED.

[0009] Preferably, the sensitive structure of the single-axis accelerometer is made of high-purity single-crystal silicon material. By optimizing the mass of the mass block, the spring stiffness, and the damping coefficient, the sensitivity reaches the nanogram level (ng), and the frequency response range is 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz.

[0010] Preferably, the programmable gain amplifier dynamically adjusts its amplification factor under the control of a digital signal processor to adapt to different signal strength ranges.

[0011] Preferably, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter can be configured by a digital signal processor to match real-time monitoring requirements.

[0012] Preferably, the data transmission unit automatically selects either optical fiber communication or wireless transmission mode according to geological environmental conditions, wherein the optical fiber communication uses optical modulation / demodulation technology and forward error correction coding, and the wireless transmission uses low-power wide area network technology NB-IoT or LoRa.

[0013] Preferably, the signal conditioning and acquisition unit integrates temperature difference energy and vibration energy acquisition functions, and realizes multi-source energy integration and storage through energy management circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent control unit supports remote parameter settings, including signal conditioning thresholds, data transmission strategies, and sensor sampling frequencies.

[0015] Preferably, the human-computer interaction module supports local operation, including status query, fault diagnosis, and emergency control command input.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies using the above-mentioned monitoring equipment, comprising the following steps: S1. Fix the equipment in the geological body by drilling, embedding, or hanging it in the wall through the mounting holes and fixing devices of the protective shell; S2. The sensor unit collects the X, Y, and Z acceleration components of the microseismic signals inside the geological body in real time and converts them into electrical signals. S3, the signal conditioning and acquisition unit sequentially amplifies, filters, adjusts the gain and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal, and then buffers it after filtering, noise reduction and feature extraction by the digital signal processor; S4. The data transmission unit selects fiber optic or wireless transmission according to environmental conditions and transmits the processed data to the ground monitoring center. At the same time, it uses buffering and breakpoint resume to ensure data integrity. S5, the intelligent control unit monitors the equipment status in real time, dynamically adjusts signal processing parameters based on sensor signal characteristics, optimizes power consumption based on power level and energy acquisition status, receives ground commands and executes human-machine interaction operations.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned three-component microseismic monitoring equipment and method for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies, and the beneficial effects are as follows: High durability: Nickel-based alloy casing + energy management ensures a device lifespan of >10 years (compared to approximately 3 years for traditional devices); High monitoring accuracy: 24-bit ADC and nanogram-level sensitivity, capable of resolving low-frequency signals as low as 0.1Hz, superior to existing equipment (typically 0.5Hz). It has adaptive capabilities: dynamic parameter adjustment and multi-source power supply, maintaining >95% data integrity even in extreme environments; Intelligent management: Remote parameter configuration and self-testing functions reduce manual maintenance costs by about 60%. It can accurately capture the dynamic changes of seismic signals in three orthogonal directions, detect geological leakage risks in a timely and accurate manner, and reduce long-term monitoring costs and improve monitoring efficiency.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the components of a three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the risk of geological body leakage, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the risk of leakage in geological bodies. It is a permanent device that does not require external power supply and directly outputs analog signals. The device includes a protective shell, and inside the protective shell are arranged a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, and an intelligent control unit.

[0023] The protective shell is made of nickel-based alloy (such as Hastelloy C-276) with a thickness of 5 mm. The surface is chemically passivated (such as anodizing + surface coating) to form a dense oxide film layer with a thickness of 50 μm to enhance corrosion resistance and meet the needs of permanent installation downhole for decades.

[0024] The internal structure of the outer shell features a triple-isolation design: First layer: 3mm thick aerogel insulation layer, filled with nano-silica aerogel, with a thermal conductivity ≤0.02W / (m·K), used to insulate against the 150℃ downhole high temperature in the geothermal drilling environment.

[0025] The second layer: a honeycomb shock-absorbing structure, made of polyurethane foam and epoxy resin composite material with a density of 0.8 g / cm³. 3 It can absorb vibration energy and reduce the impact on internal equipment.

[0026] The third layer is a sealed waterproof layer, which uses fluororubber O-rings (Shore hardness 90A) for multiple seals to ensure IP68 protection level.

[0027] The installation method has been optimized to a permanent fixed type: the top has 6 M12 stainless steel mounting holes that are fastened to the well wall with expansion bolts, and the bottom is equipped with a diamond-coated anti-slip structure to adapt to stable fixation under long-term high pressure (≤200 bar) environment and avoid displacement interference with signals.

[0028] The sensor unit uses a passive MEMS three-component accelerometer (model: MEMS-3AX-10KHz), eliminating the active drive component and directly outputting analog electrical signals through a mechanical structure. Its key characteristics are as follows: The single-axis sensor is based on high-purity single-crystal silicon (≥99.999%) micromachining, with a mass block mass of 0.5mg. It uses a comb-tooth capacitive mass-spring system (spring stiffness 10N / m, damping coefficient ≤0.01). The mass block displacement is directly driven by the vibration of the geological body, generating a capacitance change proportional to the acceleration, which is converted into an analog voltage signal (output range ±5V) by a passive circuit.

[0029] The frequency response range remains from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz, and the sensitivity is 1000 mV / (m / s). 2 This meets the monitoring requirements for microseismic signals (from 0.1Hz stratum deformation to 10kHz rock fracture).

[0030] The surface of the mass block is coated with a 2μm thick nanocomposite coating, which is composed of Al2O3 / SiO2 composite material with added graphene nanosheets. It has waterproof (contact angle ≥150°), dustproof (particles ≤5μm cannot adhere), corrosion-resistant (neutral salt spray test >1000 hours) and electromagnetic shielding (shielding effectiveness ≥30dB@1GHz) functions, making it suitable for harsh underground environments.

[0031] The integration method is as follows: three single-axis sensors (X, Y, and Z axes) are vertically orthogonally mounted on a ceramic substrate and vacuum-encapsulated by laser welding to eliminate environmental interference.

[0032] The signal conditioning and acquisition unit includes a low-noise preamplifier, an anti-aliasing filter, a programmable gain amplifier, a high-precision analog-to-digital converter, and a digital signal processor.

[0033] The low-noise preamplifier uses the OPA1658 operational amplifier chip, with a noise density of 0.5nV / √Hz, a gain of 10, and a bandwidth of DC~10kHz.

[0034] The anti-aliasing filter uses a Butterworth fourth-order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 9kHz, passband ripple ≤0.1dB, and stopband attenuation ≥40dB@15kHz.

[0035] The programmable gain amplifier is based on the PGA293 chip, with a gain range of 1 to 1000 times and a step accuracy of ±0.1%. It is controlled in real time by a DSP (model: TMS320F28379D) and automatically adjusts according to the amplitude of the input signal (e.g., when the amplitude of the seismic signal is ≤1mV, the gain is increased to 500 times).

[0036] The high-precision analog-to-digital converter uses a 24-bit ADC (ADS1278 chip), with a sampling rate of 100kHz, a signal-to-noise ratio of ≥90dB, and a dynamic range of 160dB.

[0037] The digital signal processing flow is as follows: 1. Adaptive filtering: Utilize wavelet transform to suppress environmental noise (such as low-frequency interference from drilling vibrations, with a frequency <0.5Hz). 2. Feature extraction: Extract the amplitude spectrum features (such as dominant frequency and energy distribution) and time domain features (such as rise time and ringing attenuation coefficient) of the seismic signal.

[0038] 3. Data caching: Adopting dual buffering technology, it uses an industrial-grade eMMC storage chip (capacity 32GB) to temporarily store raw data and processing results, ensuring that data is not lost when power is off.

[0039] The data transmission unit transmits data via fiber optic communication or wireless transmission. Optical modulation / demodulation in optical fiber communication: Electrical signals are converted into optical signals through an MZ-type modulator, with a center wavelength of 1550nm and a bandwidth of 40Gbps.

[0040] Forward error correction (FEC) coding: Reed-Solomon code (RS(255,239)) is used, with an error correction capability of up to 16 bytes of error. Combined with PMD compensation circuit, it can achieve a single-mode fiber transmission distance of 30km@1Gbps.

[0041] The wireless transmission module uses NB-IoT technology, supports the Cat-NB2 standard, has a power consumption of ≤20mW, a communication distance of up to 10km (line-of-sight conditions), and uses AES-128 encryption for data packets.

[0042] The LoRa mode is specifically designed for the following: operating frequency band of 915MHz, spreading factor of 12, coding rate of 4 / 5, communication distance of 5km (underground environment), and support for adaptive retransmission mechanism.

[0043] The system automatically switches modes based on environmental conditions detected by environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, light intensity, electromagnetic interference intensity). When there is strong electromagnetic interference in the downhole environment (field strength > 100V / m) or the transmission distance is > 5km, fiber optic transmission should be used first. When monitoring the surface environment (such as shallow geological monitoring) and there is NB-IoT base station coverage, it automatically switches to wireless mode, reducing power consumption by 70%.

[0044] The signal transmission unit eliminates the digital processing module; the analog X, Y, and Z axis signals output by the sensor are directly transmitted to the receiving end at the bottom of the well via dedicated transmission cables. The transmission cable uses a 19-core armored optical cable (with 3 sets of shielded signal lines inside). Each set of signal lines corresponds to an axial analog signal. The shielding layer adopts a double-layer design of copper mesh and aluminum foil to reduce electromagnetic interference in the well (shielding effectiveness ≥40dB@1GHz).

[0045] Signal transmission loss control: Within a transmission distance of 3000m, the signal attenuation is ≤0.5dB, ensuring that the receiver at the bottom of the well can accurately reproduce the original analog signal (signal-to-noise ratio ≥80dB).

[0046] Cable fixing: The cable is fixed every 10m by high-temperature resistant clamps (temperature resistance ≥200℃) as it is laid along the well wall casing to avoid cable wear or signal noise caused by vibration.

[0047] The intelligent control unit includes a microcontroller, a storage module (non-volatile memory), communication interfaces (SPI, I2C, UART, Ethernet) and a human-machine interaction module (display screen, buttons and indicator lights), which is used to monitor the operation of the device in real time, cache data and execute remote commands. The display screen can be LCD or OLED.

[0048] The main controller uses an STM32H743 microcontroller (480MHz), paired with 128MB DDR3L RAM and 8GB eMMC storage.

[0049] It can receive ground commands via the Modbus-TCP protocol for remote control and supports the following functions: Dynamically adjust the sensor sampling rate (1kHz~100kHz). Configure data transmission priority (e.g., switch to high-speed fiber optic transmission when an emergency event is triggered); Remote firmware update (OTA, supports differential upgrade); The 0.96-inch OLED display can show battery level, temperature, and pressure in real time. The temperature display range is -40~125℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the pressure display range is 0~200 bar with an accuracy of ±1 bar. Button module: Supports quick switching of working modes (such as "low power mode" or "high sensitivity mode").

[0050] It also has fault diagnosis function, with a built-in self-test program that periodically detects sensor zero drift (threshold ±1%FS), ADC linearity (error <0.1%), and communication link status. When an abnormality occurs, it triggers a local buzzer alarm and uploads the data to the ground.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies using the above-mentioned monitoring equipment, comprising the following steps: S1. Equipment deployment, including site selection and installation: Based on the geological monitoring needs (such as the surrounding rock of gas storage facilities or around oil and gas wells), ground-penetrating radar is used to determine the burial location, avoiding fault zones and aquifers.

[0052] The drilling depth depends on the monitoring depth requirements. For example, when monitoring horizontal wells, a wall-mounted permanent fixation method is used: the equipment is adsorbed onto the well wall and secured with hexagonal bolts using a magnetic fixing device.

[0053] After installation, seal the gaps in the installation holes with epoxy resin sealant to ensure waterproofing and dustproofing.

[0054] Simultaneously, error calibration specifically involves: Zero-point calibration: Place the device in a vibration-free environment, record the original output value of the sensor and store it as a reference.

[0055] Cross-axis error compensation: By applying a vibration source with a known direction (such as a standard vibration table), the coupling error between the X / Y / Z axes is calculated and eliminated using the least squares method (error ≤ 0.5%).

[0056] S2, Signal Acquisition The sensor unit acquires the X, Y, and Z acceleration components of microseismic signals inside the geological body in real time and converts them into analog signals. The frequency band covers 0.1Hz (slow deformation of strata) to 10kHz (high-frequency signal of rock fracture). It also supports ±20g acceleration measurement to avoid saturation distortion of strong earthquake signals. The raw signal of each axis is processed by a preamplifier and an anti-aliasing filter before being transmitted to an ADC for digitization.

[0057] The analog signal is transmitted directly to the receiving end at the bottom of the well via a dedicated transmission cable, maintaining the original characteristics of the signal (such as amplitude and phase) during transmission, thus providing a real data source for subsequent processing on the ground.

[0058] S3, Signal Processing The receiver at the bottom of the well transmits the analog signal to the ground monitoring center via a relay. The signal conditioning and acquisition unit in the ground monitoring center amplifies, filters, adjusts the gain, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal in sequence. After filtering, noise reduction, and feature extraction by the digital signal processor, the signal is buffered. When the signal amplitude is below 10mV, the DSP triggers the programmable gain amplifier to increase the gain to 500 times (error ±0.5%).

[0059] This includes feature extraction algorithms, specifically: Time-frequency analysis was performed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) with a 10ms sliding window to analyze the energy distribution of seismic waves in different frequency bands. Directional positioning is achieved by calculating the arrival time difference between the P-wave and S-wave using three-component acceleration data, and then using the double-difference positioning method to determine the location of the crack source (accuracy ±10m).

[0060] The data caching strategy is as follows: The cache is dynamically divided according to the storage space. High-priority data (such as events with energy > 5mJ) is transmitted in real time; low-priority background data is compressed and stored at 1GB per day.

[0061] S4, Data Transmission The data transmission unit selects fiber optic or wireless transmission based on environmental conditions to transmit the processed data to the ground monitoring center, while using buffering and breakpoint resume to ensure data integrity.

[0062] In a shale gas well environment (temperature 80℃, humidity 100%, depth 3000m), the fiber optic transmission rate reaches 1Gbps, using a 19-core armored optical cable. The data includes the original waveform (100kHz sampling rate) and characteristic values ​​(dominant frequency, source depth).

[0063] At the shallow underground reservoir monitoring point (1km away from the ground base station), NB-IoT mode is enabled, and compressed data packets (including event trigger flags) are uploaded every minute with a power consumption of <30mW.

[0064] Resume download mechanism: When communication is interrupted, data packets are marked as "unacknowledged". After the connection is restarted, the lost data is resent via the sliding window protocol to ensure integrity.

[0065] S5, Intelligent Control and Optimization The intelligent control unit monitors the equipment status in real time, dynamically adjusts signal processing parameters based on sensor signal characteristics, optimizes power consumption based on power level and energy acquisition status, receives ground commands, and performs human-machine interaction operations.

[0066] If the detected downhole temperature rises to 110℃, the sensor sampling rate is automatically reduced to 50kHz to decrease power consumption. When the output power of the temperature difference energy acquisition module exceeds 1.5W, the battery is charged to 90% first and then stopped. In low-light environments (such as deep wells), the LED indicator is turned off, and the alarm relies on a buzzer.

[0067] The intelligent control unit receives instructions from the ground center and executes corresponding remote instructions. For example, if it receives the instruction "Switch to high sensitivity mode", it will increase the ADC resolution to 24 bits and expand the gain range to 2000 times. It will also start the "self-test program" to verify the status of each module and send back a diagnostic report.

[0068] The equipment in this embodiment was tested in the Sichuan West Shale Gas Field: The deployment environment is as follows: buried at a depth of 2500m, with a ground temperature of 95℃ and a formation pressure of 35MPa.

[0069] The monitoring results are as follows: 127 microseismic events were captured within 3 months, with the smallest magnitude Ml=-2.0 and a location error of 8.5m. In a reservoir fracturing experiment, the fracture propagation direction (NW-SE direction) was successfully identified, with an error of <3° compared to the geological model prediction.

[0070] The reliability verification is as follows: It operated continuously for 300 days without failure, with only 12% battery consumption and the energy harvesting module contributing 45% of the total power consumption. After withstanding 100 simulated well blowout vibrations (peak acceleration of 50g), the sensor zero-point drift was <0.2%FS.

[0071] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned three-component microseismic monitoring equipment and method for monitoring geological leakage risks, which accurately captures the dynamic changes of seismic signals in three orthogonal directions, timely and accurately detects geological leakage risks, while reducing long-term monitoring costs and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0072] It is worth noting that all the contents not described in detail in this invention are existing technologies and are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies, characterized in that: The system includes a protective housing, within which are sequentially arranged a sensor unit, a signal conditioning and acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, and an intelligent control unit; The sensor unit includes a three-component accelerometer, which is integrated from three mutually perpendicular single-axis accelerometers, and the surface of the three-component accelerometer is coated with a nanocomposite material coating. The signal conditioning and acquisition unit includes a low-noise preamplifier, an anti-aliasing filter, a programmable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a digital signal processor; The data transmission unit transmits data via fiber optic communication or wireless transmission. The intelligent control unit includes a microcontroller, a storage module, a communication interface, and a human-machine interaction module, which is used to monitor equipment operation in real time, cache data, and execute remote commands.

2. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensitive structure of the uniaxial accelerometer is made of high-purity single-crystal silicon material.

3. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable gain amplifier dynamically adjusts its amplification factor under the control of a digital signal processor to adapt to different signal strength ranges.

4. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter is configured by a digital signal processor to match real-time monitoring requirements.

5. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission unit automatically selects either optical fiber communication or wireless transmission mode based on geological environmental conditions. The optical fiber communication uses optical modulation / demodulation technology and forward error correction coding, while the wireless transmission uses low-power wide area network technology NB-IoT or LoRa.

6. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning and acquisition unit integrates temperature difference energy and vibration energy acquisition functions, and performs multi-source energy integration and storage through energy management circuit.

7. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control unit supports remote parameter settings, including signal conditioning thresholds, data transmission strategies, and sensor sampling frequencies.

8. The three-component microseismic monitoring device for monitoring the leakage risk of geological bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The human-computer interaction module supports local operation, including status query, fault diagnosis, and emergency control command input.

9. A method for monitoring the risk of geological leakage using the equipment described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fix the equipment in the geological body by drilling, embedding, or hanging it in the wall through the mounting holes and fixing devices of the protective shell; S2. The sensor unit collects the X, Y, and Z acceleration components of the microseismic signals inside the geological body in real time and converts them into electrical signals. S3, the signal conditioning and acquisition unit sequentially amplifies, filters, adjusts the gain and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal, and then buffers it after filtering, noise reduction and feature extraction by the digital signal processor; S4. The data transmission unit selects fiber optic or wireless transmission according to environmental conditions and transmits the processed data to the ground monitoring center. At the same time, it uses buffering and breakpoint resume to ensure data integrity. S5, the intelligent control unit monitors the equipment status in real time, dynamically adjusts signal processing parameters based on sensor signal characteristics, optimizes power consumption based on power level and energy acquisition status, receives ground commands and executes human-machine interaction operations.

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