Control method of all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass

Abstract

The invention particularly relates to a control method of all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass, which relates to the technical field of electrochromic devices, and comprises the following steps: defining four light transmittance gears adaptive to different scenes, adopting a main-branch control three-layer controller architecture, designing a foundation and switching three voltage driving time sequences to high / low transmittance, and controlling the light transmittance of the glass to be different from the light transmittance of the glass to be different from the light transmittance of the glass. And function guidance, hardware support and underlying logic are provided for accurate switching of multi-gear transmittance. According to the method, the four-gear transmittance ratio is preset, various scenes such as daily office, sun shading and protection and privacy protection are accurately adapted, multi-gear function requirements are defined while lighting, energy saving, privacy and comfort are considered, and clear function guidance is provided for subsequent hardware architecture design and voltage time sequence optimization; the main controller is combined with a distributed sub-control three-layer topological architecture, adapts to glass load characteristics, supports synchronous control of multiple pieces of glass and independent adjustment of a single piece of glass, and provides reliable hardware support for multi-gear transmittance switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochromic device technology, and in particular to a method for controlling all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass. Background Technology

[0002] All-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass is widely used in smart doors and windows, automotive sunroofs, and display devices due to its advantages such as low power consumption, high optical contrast, and long service life. Its core working principle is to drive ions to insert / extract between the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer through an electric field, thereby achieving reversible control of light transmittance.

[0003] During long-term use, some ions become trapped in the lattice gaps and defect traps of the electrochromic layer, forming unbound / weakly bound shallow ions and stably bound deep-trapped ions. Shallow ions interfere with the detection and deintercalation of deep ions, while deep-trapped ions cause residual fixed colors in the device, reducing optical contrast and severely affecting device performance.

[0004] Traditional fading methods often employ a single constant voltage to drive ion insertion and extraction, which has the following drawbacks: It cannot accurately remove shallow ions, which can easily cause interference with the detection of deep ions. It is difficult to activate deep-trap ions, resulting in incomplete fading. Prolonged high-voltage driving can easily trigger side reactions such as electrolyte decomposition and electrode polarization, leading to irreversible damage to the device.

[0005] Therefore, a control method for all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass is proposed to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for controlling all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass includes: A constant fading voltage is applied to the electrochromic glass, and the current change rate or current density is monitored in real time until the target is reached. The initial open circuit potential is recorded. A composite driving voltage of DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal of 0.1V~0.3V is applied, and the entire frequency band is scanned according to a logarithmic frequency sweep strategy from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz to match the relaxation frequency of trap ions at different depths. Within a preset time after the frequency sweep ends, a high-voltage square wave pulse is applied to extract the activated ions to the counter electrode. Disconnect all power and allow the device to stand for a preset time until the electrochemical potential reaches equilibrium. Then, collect the final open-circuit potential and determine the fading effect by comparing the potential difference before and after.

[0008] Preferably, the step of applying a constant fading voltage to the electrochromic glass, stopping after real-time monitoring of the current change rate or current density reaches a certain level, and recording the initial open-circuit potential specifically includes: A DC power supply is used as the driving source. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the working electrode of the electrochromic glass, and the negative terminal is connected to the counter electrode. At the same time, a real-time current monitoring module is connected in series, and the current data is synchronously transmitted to the computer terminal. Apply a fading voltage of constant direction and constant amplitude to the device The voltage direction points in the direction in which ions are extracted from the electrochromic layer; After the voltage is applied, the computer terminal continuously collects and records the real-time operating current. Simultaneously, plot the current-time curve; Stop applying Then, the initial open-circuit potential of the acquisition device. .

[0009] Preferably, the method further includes a stopping condition that simultaneously satisfies either a current change rate threshold or a current density threshold, as detailed below: Calculate adjacent times as Current change rate at two sampling points When the absolute value of the rate of change of current at k consecutive sampling points all satisfy <Preset threshold hour; Calculate the real-time current density of the device when the absolute value of the current density at k consecutive sampling points is less than the background leakage current threshold; Then record from the application The time interval until the fading criteria are met, i.e., the total duration of the fading process. .

[0010] Preferably, the application of a composite driving voltage consisting of a DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal of 0.1V~0.3V, followed by a full-band sweep using a logarithmic frequency sweep strategy from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz to match the relaxation frequencies of ions trapped at different depths, specifically includes: A composite drive mode using DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal is employed, and the signal expression is as follows: , This is the DC bias voltage; The amplitude of the AC disturbance signal; The sweep frequency is dynamically changing over time; For time; The monitoring index is the amplitude of the device's polarization state fluctuation, which is specifically determined by real-time acquisition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and monitoring of AC current components. When the frequency sweep signal completes full frequency band coverage from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz, and the total duration reaches the preset value... When the time is right, stop the composite signal output.

[0011] Preferably, the frequency band operation mechanism and principle of the frequency sweep are explained as follows: High frequency band: corresponding to the relaxation frequency of adsorbed ions in the double electric layer of the interface, which can break the electrostatic adsorption balance between ions and the electrode / electrolyte interface, loosen the binding state of interface ions, and eliminate the interference of interface polarization on the fading of deep ions. Mid-frequency band: corresponding to the relaxation frequency of interstitial ions in shallow lattice. Ions oscillate back and forth under the action of an electric field, initially breaking free from the spatial steric hindrance of the interstitial lattice and migrating to a quasi-free state. Low frequency band: corresponds to the relaxation frequency of deep-level trapped ions, when the sweep frequency... Equal to the dielectric relaxation frequency of ions At that time, the oscillation amplitude of the ions reaches its peak, and its kinetic energy is sufficient to break... The constraint of weak bonds.

[0012] Preferably, the step of applying a high-voltage square wave pulse within a preset time period after the frequency sweep ends to extract activated ions to the counter electrode specifically includes: Seamless signal switching is achieved using an FPGA programmable logic controller; Apply a unipolar, short-duration, high-amplitude voltage pulse to the device The pulse parameters are set as follows: Rules for determining pulse amplitude: > And less than a preset percentage of the dielectric breakdown voltage; The pulse width range is 100ms to 500ms. The pulse waveform uses a square wave pulse.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes real-time representation of the execution effect: During pulse application, the optical transmittance of the device can be monitored in real time using a spectrophotometer. Within a preset time period of pulse application, the transmittance increases at a preset rate, indicating that ions begin to be released from the electrochromic layer. When the pulse ends, if the increase in transmittance is greater than or equal to the preset threshold range, it indicates that the deep-trap ions have been effectively extracted and the residual color has significantly faded.

[0014] Preferably, the step of cutting off all power and allowing the device to stand still for a preset time, until the electrochemical potential reaches equilibrium, and then collecting the final open-circuit potential, and determining the fading effect by comparing the potential difference before and after, specifically includes: Immediately after the pulse ends, disconnect all drive power to put the device in a completely open circuit state, and place the device in a constant temperature and humidity environment without light. After the settling period, the final open-circuit potential of the acquisition device During data acquisition, ensure there is no contact resistance at the connection point between the potentiometer and the device, and that the acquisition time is no less than the preset duration. Take the average potential as the final value. ; If the preset potential difference threshold is met, - If the potential difference threshold is ≥, then the fading is deemed satisfactory and the process ends.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes: Preset basic threshold for potential difference; if the basic threshold for potential difference is ≤ - If the potential difference reaches the threshold, it is determined that the fading is insufficient, and the fading cycle operation is repeated. If the potential difference remains less than the basic threshold after repeated fading, the device is determined to have irreversible lattice damage.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention precisely adapts to various scenarios such as daily office work, sun shading and privacy protection by preset four light transmittance ratios. While achieving a balance between light transmission and energy saving, and privacy and comfort, it clarifies the functional requirements of multiple light transmittance levels, providing a clear functional guide for subsequent hardware architecture design and voltage timing optimization. Its main controller, combined with a three-layer topology architecture of distributed control, adapts to the glass load characteristics, supporting both synchronous control of multiple glass panes and independent adjustment of a single glass pane, providing reliable hardware support for switching between multiple light transmittance levels.

[0017] 2. This invention mitigates device damage through multiple safety designs. For example, the fading voltage employs a soft-start mode to avoid sudden interface polarization abrupt changes caused by instantaneous impacts; the amplitude of the composite drive AC signal is strictly controlled within 0.1V~0.3V to prevent electrolyte side reactions; and the high-voltage pulse is precisely controlled within a safe window, utilizing the kinetic differences between ion insertion / extraction and side reactions to rapidly extract activated ions while avoiding dielectric breakdown and electrolyte decomposition. Furthermore, the entire process requires no complex consumables. Through precise parameter control and a stop mechanism, it reduces ineffective energy consumption and device losses. It is adaptable to electrochromic film layers of different thicknesses, and its operation is controllable, replicable, and easily scalable for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Further details, features, and advantages of this application are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the basic voltage drive timing diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the voltage switching to high transmittance according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a voltage timing diagram for switching to lower transmittance according to the present invention; Figure 5 This invention relates to a method for controlling the normal use of the all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Several embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to implement this application. This application may be embodied in many different forms and for various purposes and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided to make this application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art. The embodiments described do not limit this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Its specific implementation method is combined with the appendix Figure 1 ~Appendix Figure 4 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0023] Appendix Figure 1 The flowchart of a control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass provided in this embodiment of the invention shows the complete steps from applying a constant fading voltage to the electrochromic glass to determining the fading effect by comparing the potential difference before and after.

[0024] In this embodiment, it includes: A constant fading voltage is applied to the electrochromic glass, and the current change rate or current density is monitored in real time until the target is reached. The initial open circuit potential is recorded, and shallow free ions are removed to establish a stable quasi-equilibrium state. Specifically, it includes: This step is the prerequisite and benchmark for subsequent deep fading, and it needs to achieve two core objectives: First, to completely remove unbound / weakly bound Li+ ions from the material surface, interface double layer and shallow lattice gaps, so as to avoid these ions interfering with the detection and fading of deep ions. Secondly, it brings the device into a quasi-equilibrium state with stable electrochemical characteristics, providing a comparable benchmark parameter for the subsequent quantitative evaluation of the fading effect.

[0025] A high-precision programmable DC power supply (voltage accuracy ±0.01V, current resolution ±0.1μA) is used as the driving source, and the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the working electrode of the electrochromic glass. Layer or The negative electrode is connected to the counter electrode (ion storage layer); at the same time, a real-time current monitoring module (sampling frequency ≥10Hz to ensure the capture of subtle changes in current) is connected in series, and the current data is synchronously transmitted to the computer terminal through the data acquisition card; Voltage application rules: Apply a fading voltage of constant direction and constant amplitude to the device The voltage direction must strictly point in the direction in which ions are extracted from the electrochromic layer (e.g., Basic devices, A positive voltage drives Li+ from (Lattice migration towards the counter electrode) The voltage application method uses a soft-start mode, with the voltage rising linearly from 0V to... The rise rate is controlled at 0.1V / s to avoid sudden changes in interface polarization caused by instantaneous voltage surges.

[0026] After the voltage is applied, the computer terminal continuously collects and records the real-time operating current. The timestamps are collected with millisecond accuracy, and current-time curves are plotted to intuitively reflect the dynamic process of ion migration. Stop applying Then, a high-precision potentiometer (accuracy ±0.1mV) was immediately used to acquire the initial open-circuit potential of the device. The data collection time point is within 1 second after power failure to avoid potential drift due to ion relaxation.

[0027] It also includes the requirement that the stopping condition must simultaneously meet either the current change rate threshold or the current density threshold, and must be verified through k consecutive sampling points (k = 5) to avoid misjudgment caused by single sampling error, as detailed below: Current change rate threshold: Calculate adjacent times as Current change rate at two sampling points ( The sampling interval is typically 0.1 s. When the absolute values ​​of the current change rates at k consecutive sampling points all satisfy... <Preset threshold At that time, it was determined that the shallow ion migration was nearing its end; Threshold setting basis: For the minimum value, an example parameter =0.01mA / s. When the rate of change is lower than this value, the migration rate of shallow ions has approached zero, and continuing to apply voltage will not effectively remove more ions.

[0028] Current density threshold: Real-time current density of computing devices , The effective area of ​​the electrochromic layer, per unit When the absolute value of the current density at k consecutive sampling points is less than the background leakage current threshold (5μA / When the light layer of color fades, it is determined that the fading is complete. Then record from the application The time interval until the fading criteria are met, i.e., the total duration of the fading process. ; and the transmittance of the device detected by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 550 nm. As an optical benchmark for subsequent fading effects.

[0029] After this step is completed, the electrochromic glass will not completely fade back to its initial transparent state, but will retain a uniform and stable light-colored background. The base device retains a light blue tint. The base device has a pale yellow residue.

[0030] The residual color is a direct optical characterization of deep-level trapped ions. Its color depth is positively correlated with the concentration of deep-level trapped ions. The transmittance can be detected by a spectrophotometer at 550 nm (the center wavelength of visible light) as an auxiliary evaluation index for subsequent fading effects.

[0031] In addition to the current index, the quasi-equilibrium state can be verified by the short-term stability of the open-circuit potential: if the open-circuit potential fluctuation of the device is less than ±10mV after pausing the applied voltage for 5 seconds, the device is determined to have entered a stable quasi-equilibrium state.

[0032] A composite driving voltage of DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal of 0.1V~0.3V is applied, and the entire frequency band is scanned according to a logarithmic frequency sweep strategy from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz to match the relaxation frequency of ions trapped at different depths, so as to activate the ions resonantly and reduce the insertion / extraction activation energy. Specifically, it includes: To address the uneven defect distribution and multi-level characteristics of amorphous materials (the relaxation frequencies of deep, medium, and shallow trap ions can differ by up to three orders of magnitude), a wideband variable-frequency AC perturbation is used to match the dielectric relaxation frequencies of ions at different depths, causing in-situ resonant oscillations and loosening the bonds between the ions and lattice oxygen. Weak bond bonding reduces the activation energy required for ion insertion / extraction. This transforms ions from a stable bound state to a high-energy excited state, creating conditions for subsequent targeted extraction.

[0033] A composite drive mode using DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal is employed, and the signal expression is as follows: The signal needs to be generated by a 16-bit high-precision DAC (digital-to-analog converter) with an output signal-to-noise ratio ≥80dB to avoid signal noise interfering with the ion's resonance response. The value range, setting basis, and constraints of each parameter are as follows: This is the DC bias voltage; It must be set to a safe fading voltage, and strictly less than 50% of the dielectric breakdown voltage (e.g., If the breakdown voltage of the base device is 3.0V, then ≤1.5V, example value is +1.0V). Its core functions are: first, to fix the direction of the electric field, ensuring that ions always tend to migrate in the direction of extraction during resonance oscillation, and preventing ions from falling back into a deeper trap due to the reverse half-cycle of the AC signal; second, to provide the basic electrochemical driving force, reducing the insertion / extraction threshold of ions after resonance. The constraints are The concentration should not be too high, otherwise it will cause the slow decomposition of electrolytes; nor should it be too low, otherwise it will not be able to inhibit the reverse migration of ions.

[0034] The amplitude of the AC disturbance signal; Value range: Strictly limited to the range of 0.1V to 0.3V; Basis for setting: Lower threshold (0.1V): Verified by previous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments, when... At <0.1V, the energy of the AC signal is insufficient to drive observable oscillations in the ions within the crystal lattice, thus failing to loosen the bond between the ions and the crystal lattice. Upper limit threshold (0.3V): when At voltages greater than 0.3V, the energy of an AC signal can trigger redox side reactions in the electrolyte (such as the decomposition of liquid electrolytes and the collapse of ion vacancies in solid electrolytes), leading to irreversible damage to the device.

[0035] Waveform requirements: It must be a pure sine wave to avoid additional interface polarization caused by higher harmonics of waveforms such as square waves and triangle waves.

[0036] The sweep frequency is dynamically changing over time; The frequency sweep mode is adopted (compared to linear frequency sweep, logarithmic frequency sweep can allocate more sampling points in the low frequency band to match the long relaxation time characteristics of deep ions). The frequency sweep range covers 1000Hz~0.1Hz, and the frequency sweep direction can be adjusted according to the material defect type (high frequency to low frequency scanning is preferred to adapt to the fading requirements of deep trap ions).

[0037] Frequency sweep rate: Set to 10 seconds per decade. For example, sweeping from 1000Hz to 100Hz (one decade) takes 10 seconds, and sweeping from 100Hz to 10Hz takes another 10 seconds. The total time for the entire frequency sweep process is... =30 seconds; For time; Once the stop condition is met, the device switches to composite signal drive without delay to prevent ion relaxation from occurring in the open circuit state, thus avoiding disruption of the quasi-equilibrium state.

[0038] This step does not pursue directional current; the core monitoring indicator is the amplitude of the device's polarization state fluctuation, which is specifically determined by real-time acquisition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and monitoring of AC current components. Real-time acquisition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): During frequency sweep, when the frequency matches the relaxation frequency of a certain type of ion, the phase angle of the impedance spectrum will show a significant peak, and the impedance modulus will change abruptly. This is a direct electrical characterization of ion resonance. Monitoring the alternating current component: When ions resonate, the amplitude of the alternating current increases significantly (the current amplitude can increase by 2-3 times compared to the non-resonant frequency), indicating that the oscillating behavior of ions has been converted into a detectable electrical signal. When the frequency sweep signal completes full frequency band coverage from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz, and the total duration reaches the preset value... The composite signal output will stop immediately after 30 seconds.

[0039] The frequency band operation mechanism and principle of frequency sweeping are explained as follows: High frequency band, 1000Hz~100Hz: corresponds to the relaxation frequency (relaxation time 1μs~10μs) of ions adsorbed in the double layer at the interface. The rapid change of electric field in the high-frequency AC signal can break the electrostatic adsorption equilibrium between ions and the electrode / electrolyte interface, loosen the binding state of ions at the interface, and eliminate the interference of interface polarization on the fading of deep ions; Mid-frequency band, 100Hz~10Hz: corresponds to the relaxation frequency (relaxation time 10μs~100μs) of shallow interstitial ions. This frequency band has the highest matching degree with the natural oscillation frequency of shallow ions. Under the action of an electric field, the ions generate small-amplitude reciprocating oscillations, initially break free from the spatial steric hindrance of the interstitial ions, and migrate to a quasi-free state. Low frequency band, 10Hz~0.1Hz: corresponds to the relaxation frequency of deep-level trapped ions (relaxation time 100μs~10s). Low-frequency signals have longer periods, allowing energy to penetrate into the crystal lattice and resonate with deep-level trapped ions. When the sweep frequency... Equal to the dielectric relaxation frequency of ions At that time, the oscillation amplitude of the ions reaches its peak, and its kinetic energy is sufficient to break... The binding of weak bonds and the activation energy of ion insertion / extraction. The energy level will temporarily decrease, at which point the ions are in a high-energy excited state, and only a small directional electric field is needed to achieve insertion / extraction.

[0040] Within a preset time (10μs) after the frequency sweep ends, a high-voltage square wave pulse with an amplitude higher than the fading voltage and a pulse width of 100ms~500ms is applied to quickly extract the activated ions to the counter electrode, and side reactions are avoided by utilizing a short time window. Specifically, it includes: After the previous step is completed, the deep-trapped ion is in a loose but not escaped high-energy excited state, and the duration of this state is extremely short (only a few microseconds to tens of microseconds, after which the ion will quickly relax back to the stable bound state).

[0041] This step requires applying a directional high-voltage pulse within a very short time window before ion relaxation to provide an instantaneous strong electric field, which rapidly extracts the activated ions from the electrochromic layer and transfers them to the counter electrode (ion storage layer), ultimately eliminating residual color.

[0042] Time precision control of signal switching: Seamless signal switching is achieved using an FPGA programmable logic controller. The delay time from the stop of the composite signal to the start of the high-voltage pulse must be strictly controlled within 10μs.

[0043] Implementation principle: The FPGA controller pre-stores the trigger instructions for composite signals and pulse signals. After the composite signal completes frequency sweep, the controller can directly trigger the output of the pulse signal without the need for instruction transmission through the computer terminal, ensuring microsecond-level control of time delay.

[0044] Apply a unipolar, short-duration, high-amplitude voltage pulse to the device The pulse parameters must be set to simultaneously meet two core requirements: rapid ion insertion / extraction and device safety, as detailed below: Rules for determining pulse amplitude: > And strictly less than a preset percentage (80%) of the dielectric breakdown voltage (e.g. The breakdown voltage of the base device is 3.0V. =1.5V, then The value range is 2.0V~2.4V). Basis for setting: > This is to provide a stronger directional driving force than shallow fading, ensuring that high-energy excited-state ions can quickly penetrate the lattice boundary; limiting it to 80% of the breakdown voltage is to reserve a 20% safety margin to avoid the pulse voltage directly breaking down the electrolyte.

[0045] The pulse width range is strictly limited to 100ms to 500ms. Basis for setting: Lower threshold (100ms): Verified by ion migration rate experiments, the migration rate of Li+ in the inorganic oxide lattice is approximately For ions to migrate from inside the crystal lattice to the electrolyte / electrode interface, an electric field interaction time of at least 100 ms is required. Upper limit threshold (500ms): Electrochemical side reactions (such as electrolyte decomposition and electrode oxidation) are diffusion-controlled processes, requiring ions to diffuse a certain distance in the electrolyte to occur. When the pulse width exceeds 500ms, the diffusion time of ions is long enough, and the probability of side reactions will rise sharply from 0 to over 30%; while when the pulse width is within 500ms, the ions have not yet completed long-distance diffusion, and side reactions will hardly occur.

[0046] The pulse waveform uses a square wave pulse (rise time ≤ 1ms, fall time ≤ 1ms) to ensure that the electric field intensity reaches its peak in a very short time, thus rapidly driving ion migration.

[0047] It also includes real-time representation of the execution effect: During pulse application, the optical transmittance of the device can be monitored in real time using a spectrophotometer (monitoring wavelength 550nm, sampling frequency 1Hz): Within the preset time (50ms) of pulse application, the transmittance increases at a preset rate, indicating that ions begin to be released from the electrochromic layer. When the pulse ends (100ms~500ms), if the transmittance increases by more than or equal to the preset threshold range (15%~20%) (compared to the residual color state after the constant fading voltage is applied to the electrochromic glass), it indicates that the deep trap ions have been effectively extracted and the residual color has significantly faded. The core of this step lies in the design of a safety window for short-term high voltage, the safety of which is entirely based on the kinetic differences of the electrochemical process: Ion insertion / extraction is a fast-response interfacial reaction: the migration of ions under a strong electric field is a fast process dominated by the tunneling effect, with a response time on the order of milliseconds, and insertion / extraction can be completed within a pulse time of 100ms to 500ms. Side reactions / dielectric breakdown are slow diffusion-controlled processes: electrolyte decomposition requires ions (such as anions) in the electrolyte to diffuse to the electrode surface and undergo redox reactions, while dielectric breakdown requires ion vacancies to form continuous conductive pathways in the electrolyte. The response time of both processes is on the order of seconds or more.

[0048] Therefore, within the time window of microsecond-level delay and millisecond-level pulse, the electric field energy will preferentially act on ion insertion / extraction 100%, and the side reactions and breakdown processes will not have enough time to start, thus ensuring the integrity of the device structure.

[0049] Disconnect all power and let the device stand in a constant temperature, humidity and light-free environment for a preset time (10~20 seconds). After the electrochemical potential is balanced, the final open circuit potential is collected, and the fading effect is determined by comparing the potential difference before and after. Specifically, it includes: This step is the final verification of the fading effect and needs to achieve two goals: First, it allows the device to rebalance its internal electrochemical potential in an open-circuit state, eliminating the instantaneous polarization effect caused by the pulsed electric field and ensuring the accuracy of the detection parameters. Secondly, by comparing the quantified potential, it is determined whether the fading meets the standard and whether the fading needs to be repeated.

[0050] After the pulse ends, immediately cut off all driving power to put the device in a completely open circuit state. At the same time, place the device in a constant temperature and humidity environment without light (temperature 25±2℃, humidity 45±5%, to avoid ion thermal migration caused by temperature fluctuations and photogenerated carrier interference caused by light). Setting the settling time: For electrochromic film layers with a standard thickness (1~2μm), settling time is 10~20 seconds; for thick film devices (3~5μm), due to the longer ion relaxation time, it can be extended to 30 seconds.

[0051] The principle of static state: In the open circuit state, the ion concentration gradient and electrochemical potential gradient inside the device will gradually dissipate, and the ions will undergo a small rearrangement in the crystal lattice, eventually reaching a stable thermodynamic equilibrium state. Only at this time can the collected potential parameters truly reflect the ion insertion and extraction effect.

[0052] After the settling period, the final open-circuit potential of the device was acquired using a millivolt-level high-precision potentiometer (accuracy ±0.1mV). During data acquisition, ensure there is no contact resistance at the connection point between the potentiometer and the device (a four-point probe method can be used to eliminate the influence of contact resistance), and the acquisition time should be no less than the preset duration (5 seconds). Take the average potential value within 5 seconds as the final value. ; If the preset potential difference threshold is met, - If the potential difference threshold is ≥, the fading is deemed satisfactory and the process ends. Judgment criteria: The open circuit potential is linearly correlated with the ion concentration of the electrochromic layer. When the potential difference is greater than or equal to the threshold value, it indicates that the ion release is within the acceptable range.

[0053] Preset basic threshold for potential difference; if the basic threshold for potential difference is ≤ - If the potential difference does not meet the threshold, it is determined that the fading is insufficient, and the fading cycle should be repeated. It is recommended to repeat the cycle 2 to 3 times. If the potential difference is still less than the basic threshold after three cycles of fading, the device is determined to have irreversible lattice damage (such as lattice collapse or excessive defect density), and there is no value in continuing to fade it.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Please see the appendix Figure 2 ~Appendix Figure 4 The control methods for the normal use of all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass are as follows: The preset transmittance ratio rules define the proportions for four typical working states: Level 1 Transparent State (60% transmittance): This is suitable for daily office and lighting scenarios. It represents the high transmittance limit of all-solid-state EC glass (100% transparency cannot be achieved due to material characteristics). The visible light transmittance is about 60%, balancing lighting and energy saving. 2-level color mode (18% light transmittance): For light shading scenarios, it can block about 82% of visible light, reduce indoor heat load, and is suitable for spring, autumn or cloudy weather. 3 levels of color (6% light transmittance): For medium sun protection scenarios, it blocks about 94% of visible light, significantly reducing the transmittance of ultraviolet and infrared rays, making it suitable for sunny summer days; 4 levels of color mode (2% light transmittance): For privacy protection scenarios, only a small amount of light is allowed to pass through, which can completely block the view of the room, making it suitable for private spaces such as meeting rooms and restrooms; It provides functional guidance for subsequent hardware architecture and voltage timing, and the all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass supports precise switching of multiple levels of light transmittance; The controller is divided into three layers, employing a topology that combines a main controller with distributed control, specifically adapted to the load characteristics of all-solid-state EC glass. Main controller layer: Receives human-machine commands from buttons, mobile phones / tablets, and uniformly schedules all sub-control units; Sub-control unit layer: Each sub-control unit independently drives an EC (electrochromic) glass to perform precise voltage output; Execution layer: The EC glass receives the voltage signal controlled by the sub-controller to realize the change in light transmittance; To provide hardware support for the demand for multiple light transmittance levels, the main and sub-control architecture supports both synchronous control of multiple glass panes and independent adjustment of a single glass pane.

[0056] The three driving methods are as follows: Base voltage drive timing: This is the complete basic driving process for a single piece of glass to become transparent, colored, faded, and retain the faded color, which is divided into four stages: Drive shading stage: ramp up voltage (time adjustable from 0-5s) to 3V regulated voltage, current limit 2A.

[0057] Technical objective: To allow ions in the electrochromic layer to be slowly and uniformly embedded, avoiding localized overheating or color-changing streaks caused by instantaneous high voltage.

[0058] Steady-state shading stage: 3V pulse voltage or constant voltage (duty cycle of 50% and period of 10s can be adjusted) maintains the shading depth.

[0059] Technical objective: To reduce DC bias by using pulsed power supply, thereby slowing down the aging rate of the electrochromic layer and extending the glass life (approximately 30% longer than the DC regulated mode).

[0060] Fading stage: reverse ramp voltage drop (from -3V to 0V, time adjustable from 0-6s), voltage regulation -3V, current limit 3A.

[0061] Technical objective: The large ion desorption current during fading can prevent damage to the internal structure of the glass by limiting the current; the ramp voltage avoids visual discomfort caused by sudden changes in light transmittance.

[0062] Fading retention phase: 0V or 0.5V low voltage retention (optional off).

[0063] Technical objective: To maintain transparency while reducing power consumption and avoiding a decrease in light transmittance caused by ion backflow; The underlying voltage logic for switching light transmittance is defined.

[0064] Voltage timing for switching to higher transmittance: Based on the basic voltage-driven timing, an intermediate switching stage from the tinted state to higher transmittance (light tint / transparent) has been added. The specific parameters are as follows: Typical scenario 1: From level 4 dark color (2% transmittance) to level 1 transparent state (60% transmittance) Initial state: Steady-state coloring (corresponding to 4 levels, 3V constant voltage power supply, 50% duty cycle, 10s cycle) Switching to higher transmittance phase: Reverse ramp step-down: linearly drops from 3V to -2.5V, ramp time 4s (adjustable range 2-6s), current limit 2.5A; Reverse voltage regulation stage: -2.5V constant voltage for 3s (adjustable range 1-5s), current limit 3A; Positive ramp recovery: linear recovery from -2.5V to 0V, ramp time 2s (adjustable range 1-3s).

[0065] Technical objective: By controlling the reverse voltage in three stages, ions in the dark color state are gradually removed, avoiding stress concentration inside the glass caused by instantaneous high current, while ensuring that the light transmittance smoothly transitions from 2% to 60% without any visual jump.

[0066] Typical scenario 2: From level 3 medium tinting (6% transmittance) to level 2 light tinting (18% transmittance); Initial state: steady-state coloring (corresponding to level 3, 3V pulse power supply, duty cycle 40%, period 8s); Switching to higher transmittance phase: Reverse pulse sequence: 3 sets of reverse pulses, each pulse voltage -1.8V, duration 0.8s, pulse interval 1.2s, current limit 2A; Ramp-down: linearly drops from 3V to -1.2V in 3s (adjustable range 2~4s).

[0067] Technical objective: By using a small-amplitude reverse pulse and ramp voltage, the amount of ion removal is precisely controlled, and the light transmittance is linearly increased from 6% to 18%, which is suitable for the light shading needs in cloudy weather.

[0068] Typical scenario 3: From level 2 light tinting (18% transmittance) to level 1 transparent state (60% transmittance); Initial state: steady-state coloring (corresponding to level 2, 3V constant voltage power supply, duty cycle 30%, cycle 6s); Switching to higher transmittance phase: Reverse ramp buck: linearly drops from 3V to -2V, ramp time 3.5s (adjustable range 2-5s), current limit 2.2A; Reverse voltage regulation: -2V constant voltage for 2s (adjustable range 1-3s).

[0069] Technical objective: To control the ion removal rate and smoothly transition the light transmittance from 18% to 60%, balancing office lighting and visual comfort.

[0070] A new high transmittance switching stage is added: by applying a reverse pulse and a ramp voltage, a smooth transition from dark coloring (e.g., level 4) to light coloring (e.g., level 2) or transparent state (level 1) is achieved. It enables dynamic switching between high and low transparency levels, such as quickly switching from level 4 (deep tinting) to level 1 (transparent), ensuring uniformity during the switching process and extending the glass's lifespan.

[0071] Voltage timing for switching to lower transmittance: Based on the basic voltage-driven timing, an intermediate switching stage is added to transition from the tinted state to lower transmittance (deeper tinting). The specific parameters are as follows: Typical scenario 1: from level 1 transparent state (60% transmittance) to level 3 medium tint (6% transmittance); Initial state: Discoloration persists (0.5V low voltage maintenance); Switching to lower transmittance phase: Forward ramp-up: linear ramp-up from 0.5V to 2.8V, ramp time 4.5s (adjustable range 3-6s), current limit 1.8A; Forward voltage regulation stage: 2.8V constant voltage for 4s (adjustable range 1~6s), current limit 2A; Pulse transition: Switches to 3V pulse power supply with a duty cycle of 45% and a cycle of 9s (adjustable range 8~12s).

[0072] Technical objective: By controlling the three levels of positive voltage, ions are gradually embedded, reducing light transmittance precisely from 60% to 6%, significantly blocking ultraviolet and infrared rays, and meeting the needs of moderate sun protection on sunny summer days.

[0073] Typical scenario 2: From level 2 light tinting (18% transmittance) to level 4 dark tinting (2% transmittance); Initial state: steady-state coloring (corresponding to level 2, 3V pulse power supply, duty cycle 35%, period 7s); Switching to lower transmittance phase: Forward pulse sequence: 4 sets of forward pulses, each pulse voltage is 3.2V, lasts for 1s, pulse interval is 1.5s, current limit is 2.2A; Ramp-up: Linear ramp-up from 3V to 3.2V in 2.5s (adjustable range 1~4s).

[0074] Technical objective: By using enhanced positive pulses and ramp voltages to accelerate ion embedding, the light transmittance is rapidly reduced from 18% to 2%, meeting the shielding needs of privacy protection scenarios such as conference rooms and restrooms.

[0075] Typical scenario 3: From level 1 transparent state (60% transmittance) to level 2 light tinting (18% transmittance); Initial state: Fading persists (0V off state); Switching to lower transmittance phase: Forward ramp-up: linear ramp-up from 0V to 2.5V, ramp time 3s (adjustable range 2~4s), current limit 1.5A; Positive voltage regulation: 2.5V constant voltage for 2.5s (adjustable range 1~4s).

[0076] Technical objective: To control the amount of ion embedding so that the light transmittance smoothly transitions from 60% to 18%, adapting to the light shading needs in spring and autumn or cloudy weather.

[0077] A new low transmittance switching stage has been added: by applying a positive pulse and a ramp voltage, the color can be accurately deepened from transparent (level 1) to light tint (level 2) or dark tint (level 4); It enables dynamic switching between low and high transparency levels, such as switching from level 1 transparent to level 3 tinted state, to meet the light-blocking needs of different scenarios.

[0078] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0079] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, the use of relational terms such as "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing one entity or operation from another, and does not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0081] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0085] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0086] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0087] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass, characterized in that, include: Four transmittance levels are defined to suit different scenarios. A three-layer controller architecture with main and sub-control is adopted. Three voltage drive timing sequences are designed for basic and high / low transmittance switching, providing functional guidance, hardware support and underlying logic for precise switching of multiple transmittance levels. When optical contrast decreases, execute: A constant fading voltage is applied to the electrochromic glass, and the current change rate or current density is monitored in real time until the target is reached. The initial open circuit potential is recorded. A composite driving voltage consisting of a DC bias and a sinusoidal AC signal is applied, and the frequency band is scanned according to a preset frequency sweeping strategy to match the relaxation frequency of ions trapped at different depths. Within a preset time after the frequency sweep ends, a high-voltage square wave pulse is applied to extract the activated ions to the counter electrode. Disconnect all power and allow the device to stand for a preset time until the electrochemical potential reaches equilibrium. Then, collect the final open-circuit potential and determine the fading effect by comparing the potential difference before and after.

2. The control method for all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, A constant fading voltage is applied to the electrochromic glass, and the current change rate or current density is monitored in real time until a target is reached. The initial open-circuit potential is recorded. Specifically, this includes: A DC power supply is used as the driving source. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the working electrode of the electrochromic glass, and the negative terminal is connected to the counter electrode. At the same time, a real-time current monitoring module is connected in series, and the current data is synchronously transmitted to the computer terminal. Apply a fading voltage of constant direction and constant amplitude to the device The voltage direction points in the direction in which ions are extracted from the electrochromic layer; After the voltage is applied, the computer terminal continuously collects and records the real-time operating current. Simultaneously, plot the current-time curve; Stop applying Then, the initial open-circuit potential of the acquisition device. .

3. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, This also includes a stopping condition that requires both the current rate of change threshold and the current density threshold to be met simultaneously, as detailed below: Calculate adjacent times as Current change rate at two sampling points When the absolute value of the rate of change of current at k consecutive sampling points all satisfy <Preset threshold hour; Calculate the real-time current density of the device when the absolute value of the current density at k consecutive sampling points is less than the background leakage current threshold; Then record from the application The time interval until the fading criteria are met, i.e., the total duration of the fading process. .

4. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, A composite driving voltage, consisting of a DC bias and a sinusoidal AC signal, is applied, and the entire frequency band is scanned according to a preset frequency sweep strategy to match the relaxation frequencies of ions trapped at different depths. Specifically, this includes: A composite drive mode using DC bias superimposed with a sinusoidal AC signal is employed, and the signal expression is as follows: , This is the DC bias voltage; The amplitude of the AC disturbance signal; The sweep frequency is dynamically changing over time; For time; The monitoring index is the amplitude of the device's polarization state fluctuation, which is specifically determined by real-time acquisition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and monitoring of AC current components. When the frequency sweep signal completes full frequency band coverage from 1000Hz to 0.1Hz, and the total duration reaches the preset value... When the time is right, stop the composite signal output.

5. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The frequency band operation mechanism and principle of frequency sweeping are explained as follows: High frequency band: corresponding to the relaxation frequency of adsorbed ions in the double electric layer of the interface, which can break the electrostatic adsorption balance between ions and the electrode / electrolyte interface, loosen the binding state of interface ions, and eliminate the interference of interface polarization on the fading of deep ions. Mid-frequency band: corresponding to the relaxation frequency of interstitial ions in shallow lattice. Ions oscillate back and forth under the action of an electric field, initially breaking free from the spatial steric hindrance of the interstitial lattice and migrating to a quasi-free state. Low frequency band: corresponds to the relaxation frequency of deep-level trapped ions, when the sweep frequency... Equal to the dielectric relaxation frequency of ions At that time, the oscillation amplitude of the ions reaches its peak, and its kinetic energy is sufficient to break... The constraint of weak bonds.

6. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within a preset time period after the frequency sweep ends, a high-voltage square wave pulse is applied to extract activated ions to the counter electrode, specifically including: Seamless signal switching is achieved using an FPGA programmable logic controller; Apply a unipolar, short-duration, high-amplitude voltage pulse to the device The pulse parameters are set as follows: Rules for determining pulse amplitude: > And less than a preset percentage of the dielectric breakdown voltage; The pulse width range is 100ms to 500ms. The pulse waveform uses a square wave pulse.

7. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes real-time representation of the execution effect: During pulse application, the optical transmittance of the device can be monitored in real time using a spectrophotometer. Within a preset time period of pulse application, the transmittance increases at a preset rate, indicating that ions begin to be released from the electrochromic layer. When the pulse ends, if the increase in transmittance is greater than or equal to the preset threshold range, it indicates that the deep-trap ions have been effectively extracted and the residual color has significantly faded.

8. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Disconnect all power and allow the device to stand for a preset time until the electrochemical potential reaches equilibrium. Then, measure the final open-circuit potential and determine the fading effect by comparing the potential difference before and after the fading. Specifically, this includes: Immediately after the pulse ends, disconnect all drive power to put the device in a completely open circuit state, and place the device in a constant temperature and humidity environment without light. After the settling period, the final open-circuit potential of the acquisition device During data acquisition, ensure there is no contact resistance at the connection point between the potentiometer and the device, and that the acquisition time is no less than the preset duration. Take the average potential as the final value. ; If the preset potential difference threshold is met, - If the potential difference threshold is ≥, then the fading is deemed satisfactory and the process ends.

9. The control method for an all-solid-state inorganic electrochromic glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Preset basic threshold for potential difference; if the basic threshold for potential difference is ≤ - If the potential difference reaches the threshold, it is determined that the fading is insufficient, and the fading cycle operation is repeated. If the potential difference remains less than the basic threshold after repeated fading, the device is determined to have irreversible lattice damage.

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