Hydraulic ship lift vertical shaft seismic oscillation water load calculation model and construction method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic ship lifters, and relates to a hydraulic ship lift vertical shaft seismic oscillation water load calculation model and a construction method.The model is a combined simplified model considering the coupling effect of a water body and a balance weight, and the water body and a balance weight system are divided into an upper section and a lower section; the water body-balancing weight-vertical shaft coupling dynamic effect under the working condition that the hydraulic ship lift is vibrated is described; wherein the upper section adopts a horizontal dual-Housner model to describe dynamic response characteristics of water body-counterweight coupling sloshing; in the lower section, the residual water body is regarded as independent additional mass, and when the vertical shaft is vibrated, the additional inertial effect of the water body is equivalent to adding a virtual additional mass on the basis of the original mass of the vertical shaft; under various earthquake working conditions, the calculation process is simple and convenient, and the precision meets the actual requirements of engineering design; the key dynamic response characteristics of the system are captured while the calculation efficiency is ensured, and a theoretical basis is provided for structural design and anti-seismic evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic ship lifts, and relates to a calculation model and construction method for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of a hydraulic ship lift, the presence of a counterweight within the shaft significantly impacts the dynamic characteristics of the water within the shaft. Firstly, the counterweight alters the mass distribution of the water, thereby changing the boundary conditions and dynamic response characteristics of the water. Fluid-structure interaction numerical simulations show that the lateral impact effect of the counterweight significantly affects the load distribution between the water and the shaft wall. This effect is reflected not only in the load amplitude but also in the load distribution pattern and dynamic characteristics. Therefore, when conducting dynamic analysis of the shaft-counterweight-water system, it is crucial to focus on the dynamic coupling effect between the counterweight and the water and its dynamic impact on the shaft structure.

[0003] In the structural analysis of large hydraulic ship lifts, the dynamic-fluid-structure interaction between the shaft, water body, and counterweight makes theoretical analysis methods exceptionally complex and computationally inefficient. For example, numerical analysis not only consumes a significant amount of time but also places high demands on the designer's expertise. Compared to the difficulties that may arise from the large computational scale of detailed models, simplified hydrodynamic pressure calculation models developed based on analytical solutions have been widely adopted in practical engineering applications due to their lower computational requirements and higher efficiency.

[0004] Current fluid-structure interaction analyses of liquid storage structures such as aqueducts, water towers, and storage tanks commonly employ the added mass method or the Housner model to simplify the hydrodynamic effects. However, these models are only applicable to water-containing containers without floating debris and are insufficient to simulate the dynamic interaction between the counterweight and water in vertical shafts. Therefore, based on added mass theory, this paper proposes an equivalent water model suitable for vertical shafts containing counterweights by reasonably simplifying the hydrodynamic relationship between the water and the counterweight. This provides a more accurate and efficient theoretical method for the dynamic analysis and design of hydraulic ship lifts.

[0005] The swaying of the water and counterweight primarily affects the seismic response of the tower column through two mechanisms: base shear and overturning moment. First, under seismic loading, the swaying force of the water is transmitted to the tower column through the shaft, forming base shear, which directly affects the sliding stability of the tower column. Second, the combined effect of the water swaying and the movement of the counterweight generates an overturning moment. This moment is a key force in the anti-overturning calculation of the tower column of the hydraulic ship lift and also significantly affects the overall motion characteristics of the supporting structure. Therefore, in simplified calculations, equivalent treatment is mainly applied to these two core parameters—base shear and overturning moment—to efficiently assess the dynamic response and structural safety of the tower column under seismic loading. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a calculation model and construction method for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solutions are adopted.

[0008] A seismic water load calculation model for a hydraulic ship lift shaft is a simplified combined model considering the coupling effect of the shaft water and the counterweight. The water and counterweight system is divided into upper and lower sections to describe the swaying effect of the water and counterweight under seismic conditions of the hydraulic ship lift; wherein:

[0009] The upper section uses a horizontal double Housner model to describe the dynamic response characteristics of water sloshing, under the following conditions: the water body in the slits around the counterweight section of the hydraulic ship lift shaft is relatively short compared to the entire shaft; the water body is an ideal fluid that is inviscid, irrotational, and incompressible; under external excitation, the water body and the counterweight only produce small amplitude relative motion; the water body in the counterweight section has little convection in the slits, and no water exchange occurs in the slits on both sides when subjected to an earthquake;

[0010] The remaining water body is considered as an independent additional mass in the next section.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal double Housner model is to divide the water body in the upper section of the shaft into two rectangular water bodies along the normal plane of the seismic direction. The cross-section consists of two rectangular water bodies. Without considering the deformation of the counterweight, the counterweight is represented as a steel rod. Both rectangular water bodies are represented by the Housner mass spring system. One side is hinged to the steel rod, and the other side is hinged to the shaft. The mass of the steel rod is the same as the total mass of the counterweight, and the center of gravity is in the same position.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal double Housner model uses an analogy method to equate a single-sided liquid system to a fixed mass and a series of spring oscillators, with the height starting point being the bottom of the counterweight and the analysis width being 2a;

[0013] Considering the horizontal ground acceleration borne by a rectangular rigid container Under the influence of the action of the static liquid in the rectangular rigid container, the equation of motion of the liquid with slight swaying is summarized as equation (1):

[0014] (1)

[0015] Among them: hydraulic pressure for:

[0016] (2)

[0017] For the original liquid system, under horizontal ground acceleration Under the action of the liquid, the hydrodynamic horizontal reaction force and torque of the liquid acting on the rectangular rigid container are written as follows:

[0018] (3)

[0019] (4)

[0020] Based on the analogy method, the liquid system is equivalent to a fixed mass. and a series of spring fluid reactions According to structural dynamics theory, under horizontal ground acceleration Under the action, fixed mass The horizontal reactions and moments of a series of spring oscillators on a rectangular rigid container are respectively written as:

[0021] (5)

[0022] (6)

[0023] According to the principle of analogy, the reaction force and reaction moment of the actual liquid and its equivalent system on the rectangular rigid container should be equal. Therefore, the following relationship exists:

[0024] (7)

[0025] (8)

[0026] First, substitute equation (2) into equation (3). Equation (4) gives the expressions for the horizontal force and torque, respectively. Then, substitute these expressions, along with equations (5) and (6), into equations (7) and (8), respectively. Note that both sides of equations (7) and (8) contain two time function terms. and The coefficients of the time function terms on both sides of the equation should be equal. By comparing the coefficients of the time functions on both sides, the parameters of the equivalent system can be obtained as follows:

[0027] (9);

[0028] (10);

[0029] (11);

[0030] (12);

[0031] (13);

[0032]

[0033] In the formula: The total mass of liquid per unit thickness. For fixed mass Position height, Let the position height of the nth spring oscillator be... Let be the spring stiffness.

[0034] Furthermore, the calculation process for the mass of the steel bar is as follows:

[0035] The mass and moment of inertia of the steel bar satisfy the following:

[0036] (14)

[0037] (15)

[0038] (16)

[0039] (17)

[0040] In the formula: For the mass of the steel bar, the center of gravity of the steel bar is located at the same position as the center of gravity of the counterweight; , , These are the moments of inertia of the balance weight about the three axes of the coordinate system, respectively. To balance the total mass; Equilibrium acceleration; System friction coefficient; The safety factor is generally greater than 2.0; The coefficient is 2 when the counterweight has a movable pulley and 1 when the counterweight does not have a movable pulley. Maximum lifting capacity of the ship's compartment:

[0041] (18);

[0042] in: Net weight of the cabin; Standard water weight of the ship's compartment; Permissible overload water weight; Weight of wire rope; The travel distance of the cabin is positive when the cabin moves upward and negative when it moves downward.

[0043] Assumptions: When the counterweight is subjected to an earthquake, it only undergoes a small movement relative to the shaft and the center of mass does not shift significantly vertically, forming the final simplified combined model, in which: the equivalent mass of the water body moving with the shaft, the spring and the steel rod are hinged and only transmit horizontal forces.

[0044] Furthermore, the added mass model describes the process of the dynamic response characteristics of the water body below the counterweight of the hydraulic ship lift under earthquakes. It equates the additional inertial effect of the water body on the shaft under earthquakes to adding a virtual additional mass on the basis of the original mass of the shaft, simplifying the dynamic problem of water-shaft coupling to a dynamic problem that only considers the shaft.

[0045] Furthermore, in the independent additional mass calculation, the water depth is calculated from the bottom of the shaft, and the equivalent mass of water sloshing is calculated using the following formula:

[0046] (19)

[0047] (20)

[0048] In the formula: For relative equivalent quality; For equivalent quality; For water depth; The diameter of the shaft; The quality of still water.

[0049] A method for constructing a calculation model of seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Cut the vertical shaft of the hydraulic ship lift into two sections along the bottom of the counterweight. The upper section contains the water in the slit and the counterweight, and the lower section contains the remaining water in the vertical shaft.

[0051] S2. A horizontal double Housner model is used to describe the seismic force response characteristics of the counterweight and the water body in the slit.

[0052] S3. Treat the remaining water in the shaft as an independent additional mass, and consider the additional inertial effect of the water on the shaft during an earthquake as an equivalent to adding a virtual independent additional mass to the original mass of the shaft, so as to form the next section model.

[0053] S4. The combined horizontal double Housner model and the lower section model form a simplified model of the coupling effect of the equivalent vertical shaft water body and the counterweight, which is the calculation model of the seismic water load of the vertical shaft of the hydraulic ship lift.

[0054] A method for calculating seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift is provided. The calculation model constructed using the aforementioned method takes the vertical shaft geometric parameters, water body physical parameters, counterweight parameters, and seismic excitation parameters as inputs. The shear force and moment generated at the bottom of the vertical shaft due to the coupling between the seismically affected water body and the counterweight are obtained by solving the problem.

[0055] Furthermore, the influence mechanism includes:

[0056] When the excitation frequency is close to the first natural frequency of the system or its harmonics, the horizontal force and torque on the shaft increase; under low-frequency excitation, the counterweight has a greater effect on the shaft; under high-frequency excitation, the swaying period of the counterweight decreases, and the probability of it acting in the same direction as the water body decreases.

[0057] The horizontal resultant force and torque on the shaft increase with the increase of excitation amplitude. The extreme value of excitation acceleration has a linear relationship with the horizontal coupling force, and the increase of amplitude makes the frequency composition of the horizontal coupling force more complex.

[0058] Beneficial effects

[0059] Under normal working conditions, this invention not only has a simple and efficient calculation process, but its accuracy is also sufficient to meet the actual needs of engineering design.

[0060] While ensuring computational efficiency, this invention can accurately capture the key dynamic response characteristics of the system, providing a reliable theoretical basis for structural design and seismic assessment.

[0061] In practical engineering, this invention provides designers with an analytical tool that balances accuracy and convenience due to its high efficiency and practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 The following are time history curves of the shaft subjected to horizontal force under the influence of excitation frequency: (a) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz; (b) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz; (c) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz; (d) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz; (e) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz; (f) The shaft subjected to horizontal force when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz.

[0063] Figure 2 The following are FFT results of the horizontal coupling force under the influence of excitation frequency: (a) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz; (b) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz; (c) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz; (d) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz; (e) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz; (f) FFT result of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz.

[0064] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows the relative density histograms of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies under the influence of excitation frequency; where: (a) Figure 2 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz; (b) Figure 3 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz; (c) Figure 4 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz; (d) Figure 5 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz; (e) Figure 6 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz; (f) Figure 7 shows the relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal forces in water bodies when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz.

[0065] Figure 4 Figure 1 shows the time history curves of the torque acting on the shaft under the influence of frequency; (a) Figure 2 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz; (b) Figure 3 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz; (c) Figure 4 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz; (d) Figure 5 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz; (e) Figure 6 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz; (f) Figure 7 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz.

[0066] Figure 5 Figure 1 shows the relative density histograms of torque effect proportions under the influence of excitation frequency; where: (a) Figure 2 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz; (b) Figure 3 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz; (c) Figure 4 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz; (d) Figure 5 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz; (e) Figure 6 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz; (f) Figure 7 shows the relative density histogram of torque effect proportions when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz.

[0067] Figure 6Figure 1 shows the time history curves of the shaft subjected to horizontal force; (a) Figure 2 shows the time history curve of the shaft subjected to horizontal force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.1g; (b) Figure 3 shows the time history curve of the shaft subjected to horizontal force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.2g; (c) Figure 4 shows the time history curve of the shaft subjected to horizontal force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.4g.

[0068] Figure 7 Figure 1 shows the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force; where: (a) Figure 2 shows the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.1g; (b) Figure 3 shows the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.2g; (c) Figure 4 shows the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.4g.

[0069] Figure 8 The relative density histograms of the proportion of horizontal force in the water body under the influence of excitation amplitude are shown below: (a) The relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal force in the water body when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.1g; (b) The relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal force in the water body when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.2g; (c) The relative density histogram of the proportion of horizontal force in the water body when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.4g.

[0070] Figure 9 Figure 1 shows the time history curves of the torque acting on the shaft under the influence of amplitude; (a) Figure 2 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.1g; (b) Figure 3 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.2g; (c) Figure 4 shows the time history curve of the torque acting on the shaft when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.4g.

[0071] Figure 10 The relative density histograms of the water body torque under the influence of excitation amplitude are shown below: (a) The relative density histogram of the water body torque when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.1g; (b) The relative density histogram of the water body torque when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.2g; (c) The relative density histogram of the water body torque when the peak external excitation acceleration is 0.4g.

[0072] Figure 11 Figure 1 shows the relationship between the horizontal acceleration of the load and the force exerted by the water sloshing on the shaft; (a) Figure 2 shows the relationship between the horizontal acceleration of the load at different frequencies and the force exerted by the water sloshing on the shaft; (b) Figure 3 shows the relationship between the horizontal acceleration of the load at different amplitudes and the force exerted by the water sloshing on the shaft; (c) Figure 4 shows the relationship between the horizontal acceleration of the load at different heights and the force exerted by the water sloshing on the shaft.

[0073] Figure 12Here is an equivalent mechanical model of liquid sloshing in a rectangular container in this invention, wherein: (a) is the original liquid system, and (b) is the equivalent system;

[0074] Figure 13 This is a segmented schematic diagram of the model described in this invention;

[0075] Figure 14 This is a simplified diagram of the combined model described in this invention;

[0076] Figure 15 This is a calculation diagram of the simplified CAE analysis model described in the present invention.

[0077] Figure 16 The figures are: (a) the time history distribution of shear force at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the shaft under simple harmonic wave excitation of f=0.5175Hz; (b) the time history distribution of shear force at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the shaft under simple harmonic wave excitation of f=2.07Hz; (c) the time history distribution of shear force at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the shaft under seismic wave excitation of Diwang Valley; and (d) the time history distribution of shear force at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the shaft under seismic wave excitation of Kern County.

[0078] Figure 17 The diagram shows the effect of the model described in this invention on the moment at the bottom of the shaft, where: (a) is the time history distribution of the moment at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the simple harmonic wave excitation of f=0.5175Hz; (b) is the time history distribution of the moment at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the simple harmonic wave excitation of f=2.07Hz; (c) is the time history distribution of the moment at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the seismic wave excitation of Diwang Valley; and (d) is the time history distribution of the moment at the bottom of the shaft under the equivalent model and numerical simulation of the seismic wave excitation of Kern County. Detailed Implementation

[0079] As an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 17 As shown, a method for constructing a calculation model for seismic water load in a vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift includes the following steps:

[0080] I. Stress analysis of the shaft wall considering the coupling effect of water and counterweight:

[0081] 1. Effect of excitation frequency

[0082] The time history response of the vertical shaft to horizontal forces under different external excitation frequencies shows that, under an external excitation frequency of f=0.345Hz, both the water body action and the coupled horizontal force from the water body and the counterweight exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks. Overall, the coupled horizontal force is greater than the water body action. Figure 1As shown in Figure (a), under an external excitation frequency of f = 0.5175 Hz, the correlation between the water body effect and the water body and the coupled horizontal force of the equilibrium weight and the external excitation decreases, the periodicity weakens, and the abnormal peak values ​​increase. This indicates that the external excitation frequency is close to the system's natural frequency, causing the system to resonate. Overall, the coupled horizontal force is greater than the water body effect. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (b), under an external excitation frequency of f=0.69Hz, the effects of the water body and the coupled horizontal force of the water body and the equilibrium weight both exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks occurring. Overall, the coupled horizontal force is greater than the water body effect, as shown in Figure (b). Figure 1 As shown in Figure (c), under external excitation frequency f=0.8625Hz, the effects of the water body and the coupled horizontal force of the water body and the counterweight both exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks occurring. Overall, the coupled horizontal force is greater than the water body effect, as shown in Figure (c). Figure 1 As shown in Figure (d), after the external excitation frequency f=1.035Hz moves far away from the system's natural frequency, the interaction between the water body and the horizontal coupling forces of the water body and the counterweight exhibits strong periodicity. The coupled horizontal forces are consistent with the interaction between the water body and the external excitation frequency f=1.035Hz. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (e), after the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz is much greater than the system's natural frequency, the interaction between the water body and the horizontal forces coupled by the water body and the counterweight exhibits a clear periodicity. The coupled horizontal forces are consistent with the interaction between the water body and the system. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (f), frequency has a significant impact on the horizontal load acting on the shaft, such as... Figure 1 As shown in Figure (b), the resonance effect caused by the external excitation frequency being close to the system's first natural frequency results in a greater horizontal force under this condition than under other conditions. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (d), external excitation frequencies close to harmonics of the system's first natural frequency will also generate a greater horizontal force than those generated by excitation at nearby frequencies. For other operating conditions, the lower the excitation frequency, the stronger the horizontal force. The collision effect generated by the swaying counterweight is extremely detrimental to the vertical shaft. Its superposition with the water body effect increases the horizontal force at different frequencies, most significantly under resonance. At low frequencies, the influence of the counterweight is also quite noticeable. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (a), the reason is that the counterweight absorbs a large amount of kinetic energy under this working condition, resulting in a strong impact on the well wall. At higher frequencies, the counterweight is less likely to produce significant swaying and impact, thus having a weaker effect on the vertical shaft. Figure 1 As shown in Figure (f).

[0083] Further analysis of the stress characteristics of the shaft wall under the combined action of counterweight and water body, and the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force under the influence of excitation frequency, shows that when the dominant frequency of the horizontal force is consistent with the external excitation frequency, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation, such as... Figure 2As shown in Figure (a), when the dominant frequency of the horizontal force coincides with the external excitation frequency, but small peaks appear in multiple locations, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation. Simultaneously, the frequency overlap creates a special excitation state, triggering the characteristics of water convection and intense swaying of the counterweight, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure (b), when the dominant frequency of the horizontal force coincides with the frequency of the external excitation, and occasional small peaks occur, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure (c); when the principal frequency of the horizontal force coincides with the frequency of the external excitation, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure (d), when the dominant frequency of the horizontal force coincides with the frequency of the external excitation, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation, such as... Figure 2 Figure (e) shows the horizontal coupling force; Figure (f) shows the FFT results of the horizontal coupling force when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz. When the excitation frequency is far from the system's main frequency and the main frequency of the horizontal force is consistent with the external excitation frequency, the horizontal coupling force is mainly controlled by the external excitation, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure (f), under different external excitation frequencies, the main peak values ​​of the horizontal coupling force are all close to their respective excitation frequencies. Except for 0.5175Hz, the frequency components are relatively uniform, indicating that the frequency components of the coupling force are mainly modulated by the external excitation frequency. Under the resonance condition, both the water and the counterweight sway violently, and the frequency domain components of the force increase nonlinearly, with a secondary peak appearing at a higher frequency.

[0084] The percentage of water-body forces in the total forces affected by excitation frequency ( Relative density histogram, such as Figure 3 As shown, the curve visually reflects the directional relationship between the water body's specific gravity, the counterweight's collision force, and the water body's swaying force. It can be seen that during shaft swaying, the horizontal force exerted by the water body on the shaft is greater than that of the counterweight. When the specific gravity ratio is greater than 100% or less than 0%, it indicates that the water body's force and the counterweight's collision force act in opposite directions. Under six different excitation frequencies, the probabilities that the water body and the counterweight act in opposite directions on the shaft are 25.8%, 32.86%, 30.7%, 28%, 27%, and 46.3%, respectively. Their relative directions of action are stable, with a predominantly unidirectional superposition. If the external excitation frequency is close to the system's inherent first-order frequency, the overall swaying randomness of the system increases, and the superposition effect weakens. When the external excitation frequency is large, the counterweight's swaying period decreases, resulting in rapid swaying within the slit, and the probability of it acting in the same direction as the water body decreases. Figure 3 Figures (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) show the effects of the counterweight on the shaft under various external excitation conditions at different frequencies, which requires careful consideration.

[0085] Under different external frequency wave excitations, the time history curves of the torque acting on the shaft show that, under excitation at frequency f=0.345Hz, the effects of the water body and the coupling torque of the water body and the counterweight both exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks. Overall, the coupling torque is greater than the water body effect. Figure 4 As shown in Figure (a), under excitation at frequency f = 0.5175 Hz, the correlation between the water body effect and the coupling torque of the water body and the equilibrium weight and the external excitation decreases, the periodicity weakens, and the abnormal peak values ​​increase. This indicates that the external excitation frequency is close to the system's natural frequency, causing the system to resonate. Overall, the coupling torque is greater than the water body effect. Figure 4 As shown in Figure (b), under excitation at frequency f=0.69Hz, the effects of the water body and the coupling torque of the water body and the equilibrium weight both exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks occurring. Overall, the coupling torque is greater than the water body effect. Figure 4 As shown in Figure (c), under an external excitation frequency of f = 0.8625 Hz, the effects of the water body and the coupling torque of the water body and the equilibrium weight both exhibit periodic changes consistent with the excitation, with only a few abnormal peaks occurring. Overall, the coupling torque is greater than the water body effect, as shown in Figure (c). Figure 4 As shown in Figure (d), after the external excitation frequency f=1.035Hz moves far away from the system's natural frequency, the interaction between the water body and the horizontal forces coupled with the water body and the counterweight exhibits strong periodicity, and the coupling torque is consistent with the interaction with the water body, as shown in Figure (d). Figure 4 As shown in Figure (e), after the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz is much greater than the system's natural frequency, the interaction between the water body and the horizontal forces coupled by the water body and the counterweight exhibits a clear periodicity, and the coupling torque is consistent with the interaction with the water body, as shown in Figure (e). Figure 4 As shown in Figure (f), the influence of frequency on the torque generated by the water body and the counterweight is similar to its influence on the resultant force of horizontal forces. When the external excitation frequency is close to the system's natural first-order frequency and its harmonics, the torque increases significantly. Even under low-frequency wave excitation, the shaft will experience a strong torque because the kinetic potential energy conversion near the free surface of the water body in the shaft is greater, the convection force is stronger, and the lever arm is larger at low frequencies. Compared to wave excitation that is far from the natural first-order frequency and has a higher frequency, such as... Figure 4 As shown in Figure (f), the torque generated by excitation frequencies of 0.345Hz and 0.5175Hz is 4.66 times and 3.7 times that of the former, respectively.

[0086] The percentage of the total force torque exerted by the water body under the influence of excitation amplitude ( The relative density histogram visually reflects the relationship between the counterweight and the direction of the torque effect generated by the water body, such as... Figure 5As shown in Figure (a), when the external excitation frequency f = 0.345 Hz, the probability that the water body and the counterweight have opposite horizontal effects on the shaft is 25.8%, and their effects are mainly superimposed in the same direction; Figure 5 As shown in Figure (b), when the external excitation frequency f = 0.5175 Hz, the probability that the water body and the counterweight have opposite horizontal effects on the shaft is 32.86%, indicating that their effects are mainly superimposed in the same direction. However, when the external excitation frequency is close to the system's natural first-order frequency, the overall randomness of the system's sway increases, and the superimposed effect weakens. Figure 5 As shown in Figure (c), when the external excitation frequency f = 0.69 Hz, the probability that the water body and the counterweight have opposite horizontal effects on the shaft is 30.7%, and their effects are mainly superimposed in the same direction; Figure 5 As shown in Figure (d), when the external excitation frequency f = 0.8625 Hz, the probability that the water body and the counterweight have opposite horizontal effects on the shaft is 28%, and their effects are mainly superimposed in the same direction; Figure 5 As shown in Figure (e), when the external excitation frequency f = 1.035 Hz, the probability that the water body and the counterweight have opposite horizontal effects on the shaft is 27%. The relative directions of their effects are stable, with the combined effect being mainly in the same direction. Figure 5 As shown in Figure (f), when the external excitation frequency f = 2.07 Hz, the probability that the water and the counterweight exert opposite horizontal forces on the shaft is 46.3%. At higher external excitation frequencies, the swaying period of the counterweight decreases, causing it to sway rapidly within the slit, reducing the probability of its force acting in the same direction as the water. The proportion of the torque exerted by the water on the bottom of the shaft becomes more concentrated with increasing external excitation frequency; in other words, as the excitation frequency increases, the torque exerted by the counterweight on the shaft gradually decreases. At lower frequencies (f = 0.345 Hz), the probability that the torque exerted by the counterweight and water is in the same direction is 76%; under resonance conditions (f = 0.5175 Hz), the probability is 71%; and far from resonance, it approaches 100%. Changes in the external excitation frequency mean that the torque exerted by the counterweight on the bottom of the shaft is mostly in the same direction as the water, which is an unfavorable effect.

[0087] 2. Influence of excitation amplitude

[0088] Time history data of the horizontal resultant force of the shaft structure under water or coupled action, such as Figure 6 As shown, the results indicate that the resultant horizontal force on the shaft is significantly positively correlated with the amplitude of the external excitation. Under three different maximum horizontal acceleration excitation conditions (0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, respectively), the horizontal coupling force on the shaft reaches 6.5MN, 12.5MN, and 26.2MN, respectively, showing a clear increasing trend. Figure 6Figures (a), (b), and (c) in the figure show that, specifically, as the excitation acceleration increases from 0.1g to 0.2g, the horizontal force increases by 92.3%; when the excitation acceleration further increases to 0.4g, the horizontal force increases by 303% compared to the initial value. The excitation amplitude has a significant impact on the horizontal coupling force. There is a clear linear relationship between the extreme value of the excitation acceleration and the horizontal coupling force on the shaft. The larger the external excitation amplitude, the more unfavorable the balance gravity response is to the shaft.

[0089] By performing time-domain to frequency-domain conversion analysis on the horizontal coupling force, such as... Figure 7 As shown, a clear correlation can be observed between its spectral characteristics and the external excitation. During the change of the external excitation acceleration amplitude, the dominant frequency of the total horizontal force remains essentially unchanged, consistently maintaining consistency with the external excitation frequency, such as... Figure 7 Figure (a) shows that the dominant frequency component has a stable locking characteristic to the external excitation. As the amplitude of the external excitation gradually increases, the frequency composition of the horizontal coupling force becomes more complex, and the nonlinear characteristics are significantly enhanced. This phenomenon is attributed to the increase in the collision frequency between the counterweight and the shaft due to the increase in excitation amplitude, which intensifies the impact of the collision and shortens the collision period. This dynamic change is manifested in the frequency domain as the sub-frequency peaks of the force shifting towards higher frequencies, such as... Figure 7 As shown in (b) and (c) in the figure, its amplitude increases significantly with the increase of the excitation amplitude.

[0090] The relative density histogram showing the percentage of water body force to total force under the influence of excitation amplitude, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, statistical analysis of the relationship between the directions of the two forces over 60 seconds revealed that, under the conditions of peak external excitation acceleration of 0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, the percentages of points where the counterweight and the water force acted oppositely were 7.2%, 16.4%, and 16.9%, respectively. Figure 8 Figures (a), (b), and (c) in the figure show that the forces exerted by the counterweight and the water on the shaft in the horizontal direction exhibit nonlinear superposition characteristics most of the time, and only show a mutually inhibiting effect at very few times. As the peak value of the external excitation acceleration increases, the proportion of points where the forces of the two forces are opposite shows a significant upward trend, especially when the peak acceleration increases from 0.1g to 0.2g, the increase is the most significant.

[0091] The torque acting on the bottom of the shaft changes over time, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the bending moment generated by the coupling effect on the shaft is positively correlated with the extreme value of the external excitation acceleration. Compared to the maximum bending moment of 465 MN·m under 0.1g acceleration excitation, as... Figure 9As shown in Figure (a), the increases were 88.2% and 368% under the action of 0.2g and 0.4g, respectively. The extreme value of external excitation acceleration has a significant impact, and the torque generated by the collision of the balanced weight has a significant effect, as shown in Figure (a). Figure 10 Figures (b) and (c) are shown in the table.

[0092] The percentage of the water body's force torque under the influence of excitation amplitude, as shown in the relative density histogram. Figure 10 As shown. When the excitation acceleration is 0.1g, the probability that the water body and the counterweight produce opposite torques is 6.5%, as... Figure 10 As shown in Figure (a), the probability is approximately the same at around 16% under acceleration excitations of 0.2g and 0.4g. The direction of the torque exerted by the counterweight on the shaft is mostly the same and is not affected by the peak value of the external acceleration. Figure 10 As shown in Figures (b) and (c), the lateral impact of the counterweight exacerbated the moment effect on the shaft to some extent, negatively impacting the overturning of the tower structure due to earthquakes, but the effect was weak and not a major factor.

[0093] II. Coupling Equivalent Method Considering the Interaction Between Water Body and Counterweight

[0094] 1. Housner Model

[0095] The Housner model is based on the following fundamental assumptions: the liquid layer within the container is relatively shallow; the liquid is assumed to be an ideal fluid that is inviscid, irrotational, and incompressible; and under external excitation, the liquid exhibits only small-amplitude motions. These assumptions simplify the complexity of fluid dynamics, enabling the model to effectively describe the dynamic response of the liquid under specific conditions.

[0096] Consider a rectangular rigid container subjected to horizontal ground acceleration. The function of a rectangular container for determining the size of a stationary liquid, such as... Figure 12 As shown in Figure (a), the equation of motion for a slightly swaying liquid can be summarized as equation (1):

[0097] (1)

[0098] Among them: hydraulic pressure for:

[0099] (2)

[0100] For the original liquid system, in acceleration Under the action of fluid, the hydrodynamic horizontal reaction force and torque of the fluid acting on a rigid container can be written as follows:

[0101] (3)

[0102] (4)

[0103] Based on the analogy method, the liquid system is equivalent to a fixed mass. and a series of spring fluid reactions Each spring oscillator corresponds to an antisymmetric oscillation mode of the liquid, and the natural frequency of the spring oscillator is equal to the oscillation mode frequency of the liquid. (Symbol: ...) These represent the positions of the fixed mass and the spring oscillator, respectively. Figure 12 As shown in Figure (b), according to structural dynamics theory, under acceleration... Under the action, fixed mass The horizontal reactions and moments of a series of spring oscillators on a rigid container can be written as follows:

[0104] (5)

[0105] (6)

[0106] According to the principle of analogy, the reaction force and reaction torque of the actual liquid and its equivalent system on the container should be equal. Therefore, the following relationship exists:

[0107] (7)

[0108] (8)

[0109] First, substitute equation (2) into equation (3), and equation (4) to obtain the expressions for the horizontal force and torque, respectively. Then, substitute these expressions, along with equations (5) and (6), into equations (7) and (8), respectively. Note that both sides of equations (7) and (8) contain two time function terms. and The coefficients of the time function terms on both sides of the equation should be equal. By comparing the coefficients of the time functions on both sides, the parameters of the equivalent system can be obtained as follows:

[0110] (9)

[0111] (10)

[0112] (11)

[0113] (12)

[0114] (13)

[0115] (14)

[0116] In the formula: The value represents the total mass of liquid per unit thickness. Higher-order convective mass terms decay rapidly and have little impact on the overall mass; therefore, a first-order term is sufficient to meet the calculation requirements.

[0117] 2. Applicable to combined water-counterweight models:

[0118] Based on numerical simulation analysis of fluid-structure interaction vibration involving water flow, counterweight, and shaft, for water-filled structures with large height-to-diameter ratios, such as hydraulic ship lifts, when the liquid depth is significant, the pulse mass (i.e., fixed mass or mass not involved in sloshing) accounts for the majority of the total water mass. Furthermore, when a counterweight exists in the shaft with a diameter similar to the shaft's diameter, the free surface area of ​​the water is only about 20% of its original size, the free surface undulation of the liquid in the slit is weak, and the water below the counterweight experiences virtually no sloshing. Based on these characteristics, a segmented calculation approach is proposed, such as... Figure 13 As shown, to more accurately describe the fluid sloshing of such structures.

[0119] Combinatorial models simplify the approach, such as Figure 14 As shown, after segmentation, assuming that the water in the counterweight section experiences minimal convection within the slit and no water exchange occurs, the annular water body in the slit is evenly divided and unfolded along the vibration direction plane, forming two rectangular water bodies with rectangular cross-sections. Ignoring the deformation of the counterweight, it can be considered as a steel rod. If the counterweight undergoes only minor movement relative to the shaft during vibration and its center of mass does not shift significantly vertically, the final simplified model is formed. Hinged to the steel bar, it transmits horizontal force. To balance the total mass of the counterweight, the center of gravity is in the same position as the original counterweight.

[0120] The calculation parameters for the upper section of the combined equivalent model are shown in Table 3. The bottom of the counterweight is taken as the 0-elevation point, and the convection effect is calculated using the first-order result. It should be noted that the parameters in the table are unit width parameters; in actual calculations, they need to be multiplied by the length of the annular slit between the counterweight and the shaft. The lower section is calculated using the added mass method.

[0121] Simplified model calculation diagram, such as Figure 15 As shown, the calculation can be completed by inputting the excitation parameters of the shaft wall in the CAE software.

[0122] The two exhibit a good linear relationship under frequencies of 3.45 Hz, 0.69 Hz, 0.345 Hz, and 0.1725 Hz, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown in Figure (a), the two exhibit a good linear relationship under maximum excitation accelerations of 0.1g, 0.2g, and 0.4g, as shown in Figure (a). Figure 11 As shown in Figure (b), the relationship between the horizontal acceleration and the force exerted by the water sloshing on the shaft is linear, as shown in Figure (b). Figure 11As shown in Figure (c), the slopes obtained from the fitted scatter plots are shown in Table 4. A comparison reveals that the calculation method for the additional mass in the current hydraulic engineering seismic code is conservative, primarily due to the exaggeration of the hydrodynamic effect of water on the shaft. Equations (14-15) not only accurately capture the changing trend of the water's dynamic effects, but also maintain consistency with the simulation results across the entire model. Therefore, Equation (14-15) is chosen as the simplified formula for calculating the additional mass in the lower half of the model.

[0123] (14)

[0124] (15)

[0125] In the formula: For relative equivalent quality; Equivalent mass (kg); h is water depth (m); D is shaft diameter (m); The quality of still water.

[0126] 3. Comparison of calculation results:

[0127] Under simple harmonic wave excitation loads close to the system's natural frequency, the simplified model can generally characterize the horizontal forces in the counterweight-water system well. However, the numerical simulation results are higher than the calculated values ​​of the simplified model. This is mainly because the added mass method cannot accurately simulate the forces caused by resonance effects. For example, the lateral impact effect generated by the violent swinging of the counterweight and the impact force caused by its collision with the shaft are ignored, leading to increased errors. Figure 16 As shown in Figure (a), under the action of natural excitation loads far from the system, the simplified model can completely replace the horizontal forces of the balanced weight-water system calculated by numerical simulation, such as... Figure 16 As shown in Figure (b), under seismic wave excitation, when the maximum excitation velocity is relatively small, the simplified model agrees well with the numerical simulation results, as shown in Figure (b). Figure 16 As shown in Figure (c), the accuracy of the equivalent model under high PGF seismic loading is slightly reduced, but the overall trend remains consistent. Figure 16As shown in Figure (d), the simplified model based on the combined equivalent method shows good consistency with the numerical simulation results in describing bottom shear force, accurately capturing the location of peak shear force under various conditions. However, under extreme conditions, such as strong lateral impact from the counterweight or strong nonlinear behavior caused by the viscosity and surface tension of the water, the combined equivalent method cannot fully reflect these complex dynamic response characteristics. This is mainly because the simplified model assumes that the counterweight does not produce large relative displacement and ignores the nonlinear effects of water viscosity and surface tension on fluid sloshing, leading to a decrease in prediction accuracy under extreme conditions.

[0128] Table 5 shows the errors between the combined equivalent model and the numerical model. For strong earthquakes with a simple harmonic frequency of 0.5175 and a PGV of 0.69, the calculation results of the combined equivalent model are somewhat different, but the difference is not large, with the maximum error reaching 17.8%. However, for general seismic waves or simple harmonic waves, the equivalent model is more accurate, with the maximum error being 6.8%.

[0129] like Figure 17 As shown in (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the figure, the simplified model based on the combined equivalent method has a similar effect to the shear force equivalent when describing the bottom moment action. The moment equivalence and the numerical simulation results are similar in terms of regularity. However, the equivalence is poor under extreme working conditions.

[0130] Table 6 shows the torque application error under different excitation conditions. The combined equivalent model has a large error when calculating the peak torque under extreme conditions, and can only describe the shape of the peak. When the external excitation is close to the system's natural first frequency, the water pressure gradient inside the slit is extremely large, and the position of the resultant force changes significantly. In the equivalent model, the position of the force is unchanged, thus producing a large error, with a maximum error of 25.6%. When the random wave excitation PGV is large, the water level difference on both sides of the seismic counterweight is large, which does not conform to the assumption of the combined equivalent model that the water level is basically constant. Changes in water level will also cause changes in the position of the resultant force, thus producing a large error as well. The equivalent effects for other conditions are good, and the equivalent values ​​can basically encompass the actual values, with a maximum error of no more than 12%.

[0131] In practical engineering applications, extreme conditions where the peak ground velocity reaches an extremely high value and its dominant frequency is exactly equal to the system's first-order frequency are extremely rare events and can be almost ignored. However, the combined equivalent method, under most conventional conditions, is not only simple and efficient in its calculation process but also offers sufficient accuracy to meet the actual needs of engineering design, thus becoming the preferred method for designers. This simplified model, while ensuring computational efficiency, can accurately capture the key dynamic response characteristics of the system, providing a reliable theoretical basis for structural design and seismic assessment. Therefore, in practical engineering, the combined equivalent method, with its efficiency and practicality, provides designers with an analytical tool that balances accuracy and convenience.

[0132] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift, characterized in that: The model described is a simplified combined model considering the coupling effect of the vertical shaft water and the counterweight. The water and counterweight system is divided into upper and lower sections to describe the swaying effect of the water and counterweight under seismic conditions of a hydraulic ship lift; wherein: The upper section uses a horizontal double Housner model to describe the dynamic response characteristics of water sloshing, under the condition that the water body in the slits around the counterweight section of the hydraulic ship lift shaft is relatively short compared to the entire shaft; it is assumed that the water body is an ideal fluid that is inviscid, irrotational, and incompressible; under the action of external excitation, the water body and the counterweight only produce small amplitude relative motion; the water body in the counterweight section has little convection in the slits, and no water exchange occurs in the slits on both sides when subjected to an earthquake; The remaining water body is considered as an independent additional mass in the next section.

2. The calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal double Housner model is formed by dividing the water body in the upper section of the shaft into two rectangular water bodies along the normal plane of the seismic direction. The cross-section consists of two rectangular water bodies. The deformation of the counterweight is not considered. The counterweight is represented by a steel rod. Both rectangular water bodies are represented by the Housner mass spring system. One side is hinged to the steel rod, and the other side is hinged to the shaft. The mass of the steel rod is the same as the total mass of the counterweight, and the center of gravity is in the same position.

3. The calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal double Housner model uses an analogy method to equate a single-sided liquid system to a fixed mass and a series of spring oscillators, with the height starting point being the bottom of the counterweight and the analysis width being 2a. Considering the horizontal ground acceleration borne by a rectangular rigid container Under the influence of the action of the static liquid in the rectangular rigid container, the equation of motion of the liquid with slight swaying is summarized as equation (1): （1） Among them: hydraulic pressure for: (2) For the original liquid system, under horizontal ground acceleration Under the action of the liquid, the hydrodynamic horizontal reaction force and torque of the liquid acting on the rectangular rigid container are written as follows: (3) (4) Based on the analogy method, the liquid system is equivalent to a fixed mass. and a series of spring fluid reactions According to structural dynamics theory, under horizontal ground acceleration Under the action, fixed mass The horizontal reactions and moments of a series of spring oscillators on a rectangular rigid container are respectively written as: (5) (6) According to the principle of analogy, the reaction force and reaction moment of the actual liquid and its equivalent system on the rectangular rigid container should be equal. Therefore, the following relationship exists: (7) (8) First, substitute equation (2) into equation (3). Equation (4) gives the expressions for the horizontal force and torque, respectively. Then, substitute these expressions, along with equations (5) and (6), into equations (7) and (8), respectively. Note that both sides of equations (7) and (8) contain two time function terms. and The coefficients of the time function terms on both sides of the equation should be equal. By comparing the coefficients of the time functions on both sides, the parameters of the equivalent system can be obtained as follows: (9)； (10)； (11)； (12)； (13)； ； In the formula: The total mass of liquid per unit thickness. For fixed mass Position height, Let the position height of the nth spring oscillator be... This refers to the spring stiffness.

4. The calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation process for the mass of the steel bar: The mass and moment of inertia of the steel bar satisfy the following: (14) (15) (16) (17) In the formula: For the mass of the steel bar, the center of gravity of the steel bar is located at the same position as the center of gravity of the counterweight; , , These are the moments of inertia of the balance weight about the three axes of the coordinate system, respectively. To balance the total mass; Equilibrium acceleration; System friction coefficient; The safety factor is generally greater than 2.0; The coefficient is 2 when the counterweight has a movable pulley and 1 when the counterweight does not have a movable pulley. Maximum lifting capacity of the ship's compartment: (18)； in: Net weight of the cabin; Standard water weight of the ship's compartment; Permissible overload water weight; Weight of wire rope; The travel distance of the cabin is positive when the cabin moves upward and negative when it moves downward. Assumptions: When the counterweight is subjected to an earthquake, it only undergoes a small movement relative to the shaft and the center of mass does not shift significantly vertically, forming the final simplified combined model, in which: the equivalent mass of the water body moving with the shaft, the spring and the steel rod are hinged and only transmit horizontal forces.

5. The calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift according to claim 4, characterized in that: The independent additional mass model describes the process of the dynamic response characteristics of the water body below the counterweight of the hydraulic ship lift under earthquake. It equates the additional inertial effect of the water body on the shaft under earthquake as adding a virtual additional mass on the basis of the original mass of the shaft, and simplifies the dynamic problem of water-shaft coupling to a dynamic problem that only considers the shaft.

6. The calculation model for seismic water load in the vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the case of independent additional mass, the water depth is calculated from the bottom of the shaft, and the equivalent mass of water sloshing is calculated using the following formula: (19) (20) In the formula: For relative equivalent quality; For equivalent quality; For water depth; The diameter of the shaft; The quality of still water.

7. A method for constructing a calculation model for seismic water load in a vertical shaft of a hydraulic ship lift, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Cut the vertical shaft of the hydraulic ship lift into two sections along the bottom of the counterweight. The upper section contains the water in the slit and the counterweight, and the lower section contains the remaining water in the vertical shaft. S2. A horizontal double Housner model is used to describe the seismic force response characteristics of the counterweight and the water body in the slit. S3. Treat the remaining water in the shaft as an independent additional mass, and consider the additional inertial effect of the water on the shaft during an earthquake as an equivalent to adding a virtual independent additional mass to the original mass of the shaft, so as to form the next section model. S4. The combined horizontal double Housner model and the lower section model form a simplified model of the coupling effect of the equivalent vertical shaft water body and the counterweight, which is the calculation model of the seismic water load of the vertical shaft of the hydraulic ship lift.

8. A method for calculating the seismic water load of a hydraulic ship lift shaft, characterized in that: The calculation model described in any one of claims 1-6, constructed using the construction method described in claim 7, takes the vertical shaft geometric parameters, water body physical parameters, counterweight parameters, and seismic excitation parameters as inputs, and obtains the shear force and moment effect generated at the bottom of the vertical shaft due to the coupling between the seismic water body and the counterweight by solving the problem.

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