Multi-antenna system and electronic equipment

Abstract

According to the multi-antenna scheme applied to the electronic equipment, an intelligent multi-antenna scheme that antennas are arranged on the top, the side edges and the bottom of the electronic equipment is adopted, so that three antenna groups of the top, the middle and the bottom are respectively formed; the antenna performance in multiple scenes such as a free space scene, a vertical-screen hand-held scene (such as a voice call scene) and a horizontal-screen hand-held scene (such as a game playing scene) is considered, and the antenna radiation efficiency is improved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The original application has the application number 201910883759.1 and the original application date is September 18, 2019. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to multi-antenna systems used in electronic devices. Background Technology

[0003] To provide users with a more comfortable visual experience, full-screen industrial design (ID) has become a design trend for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones. A full-screen design means a very high screen-to-body ratio (typically above 90%). The significantly reduced bezel width of a full-screen design necessitates a redesign of internal components such as the front-facing camera, receiver, fingerprint sensor, and antenna. This is especially true for antenna design, where the reduced clearance area further compresses the antenna space. Since antenna size, bandwidth, and efficiency are interrelated and mutually influential, reducing antenna size (space) inevitably reduces the efficiency-bandwidth product. Therefore, full-screen ID presents a significant challenge to mobile phone antenna design.

[0004] Meanwhile, with the development of mobile internet, user scenarios have also increased, such as phone calls, horizontal and vertical screen gaming, horizontal screen video playback, and vertical screen internet browsing. In these different scenarios, users hold their phones and other electronic devices in countless ways. Since antenna radiation efficiency is highly susceptible to interference from nearby human tissues, such as when the antenna is held close to the body or head, there is an urgent need for an antenna system that performs well across a variety of user scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an electronic device that uses an intelligent multi-antenna scheme to deploy antennas at the top, sides, and bottom of the device, forming three antenna groups at the top, middle, and bottom respectively. This scheme takes into account antenna performance in various scenarios, such as free space scenarios, vertical screen holding scenarios (e.g., voice call scenarios), and horizontal screen holding scenarios (e.g., gaming scenarios), thereby improving antenna radiation efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an electronic device including a multi-antenna system. The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure. The peripheral conductive structure can be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The peripheral conductive structure can extend around the periphery of the electronic device and the display screen, specifically surrounding the four sides of the display screen to help secure it. The peripheral conductive structure can include a top bezel, a bottom bezel, and side bezels. The top bezel may have at least one top gap, the bottom bezel may have at least one bottom gap, and the side bezels may have at least one side gap.

[0007] The multi-antenna system may include: a top antenna, a bottom antenna, a side antenna, and a first antenna switching switch.

[0008] The top antenna may include: a top frame, a top gap, and a top feed point, with the top feed point disposed on the top frame. The bottom antenna may include: a bottom frame, a bottom gap, and a bottom feed point, with the bottom feed point disposed on the bottom frame. The side antenna may include: a side frame, a side gap, and a side feed point, with the side feed point disposed on the side frame.

[0009] The top antenna, bottom antenna, and side antenna are connected to the first antenna switching switch, which is used to select one of the top antenna, bottom antenna, and side antenna as the main antenna for cellular mobile communication.

[0010] It can be seen that the antenna design solution provided in the first aspect, by deploying antennas on the top, side and bottom of the electronic device, forms three antenna groups at the top, middle and bottom respectively, which will take into account the antenna performance in multiple scenarios such as free space scenario, vertical screen holding scenario, and horizontal screen holding scenario, and improve the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0011] In the first aspect, the top border can be located at the top of the electronic device, and the bottom border can be located at the bottom of the electronic device. The first side border and the second side border can be located on opposite sides of the electronic device, respectively. The top border can include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a first length, for example, 20 mm. Similarly, the bottom border can also include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a second length. The second length can be the same as the first length, and both can be, for example, 20 mm. The second length can also be different from the first length.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first antenna switching switch may be specifically used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from the top antenna, bottom antenna, and side antenna as the main antenna for cellular mobile communication.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first antenna switching switch can also be used to select one of the top antenna, bottom antenna, and side antenna as the diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first antenna switching switch may also be specifically used to select the antenna with the second best signal quality from the top antenna, bottom antenna, and side antenna as the diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the top gap may include: a first top gap and a second top gap, wherein the first top gap may be formed on a first side of the horizontal portion of the top frame, and the second top gap may be formed on a second side of the horizontal portion of the top frame. The top feed point may include: a first top feed point and a second top feed point, wherein the first top feed point may be located on a first side of the top frame, and the second top feed point may be located on a second side of the top frame. The top antenna may include: a first top antenna and a second top antenna, wherein the first top antenna may include: a first portion of the top frame, a first top feed point, and a first top gap. The second top antenna may include: a second portion of the top frame, a first top feed point, and a second top gap. The first portion may be located on a first side, and the second portion may be located on a second side.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the side frame may include: a first side frame and a second side frame, wherein the first side frame may be located on a first side of the electronic device, and the second side frame may be located on a second side of the electronic device. The side gap may include: a first side gap formed on the first side frame and a second side gap formed on the second side frame. The side feed point may include: a first side feed point disposed on the first side frame and a second side feed point disposed on the second side frame. The side antenna may include: a first side antenna and a second side antenna, wherein the first side antenna may include: a first side frame, a first side feed point, and a first side gap. The second side antenna may include: a second side frame, a second side feed point, and a second side gap.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, in a free space scenario, the bottom antenna and the second top antenna can be used by default as the main antenna and diversity antenna in cellular mobile communication, respectively. The first antenna switching switch can specifically connect the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the first side antenna, and the second side antenna, and the first antenna switching switch can be specifically used to select the main antenna from the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the first side antenna, and the second side antenna based on the signal transmission and reception quality.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, to improve the isolation between adjacent antennas, a grounding point (referred to as a first grounding point) can be provided between adjacent antennas in a multi-antenna system. A grounding point (referred to as a second grounding point) can be provided on the peripheral conductive structure between the bottom feed point of the bottom antenna and the second side feed point of the second side antenna. A grounding point (referred to as a third grounding point) can be provided on the peripheral conductive structure between the first top feed point of the first top antenna and the second top feed point of the second top antenna. A grounding point (referred to as a fourth grounding point) can be provided on the peripheral conductive structure between the first top feed point of the first top antenna and the first side feed point of the first side antenna. A grounding point (referred to as a fifth grounding point) can be provided on the peripheral conductive structure between the first top feed point of the first top antenna and the first side feed point of the first side antenna.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, on one or both sides of the top gap, bottom gap, and side gap, the peripheral conductive structure can be connected to a tuning switch to perform frequency band tuning on the peripheral conductive segments on both sides of the gap, and to improve antenna performance through switch combination states.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the Wi-Fi antenna of the electronic device may be implemented by default through a top antenna. For example, the first top antenna may be used as a Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna, and the second top antenna may be used as a Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna. The Core0 antenna and the Core1 antenna constitute a dual Wi-Fi antenna, both of which can be used for signal transmission and reception.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, in Wi-Fi usage scenarios, when the signal quality of the top antenna is poor, the Wi-Fi antenna can also switch from the top antenna to the middle antenna. That is, the Wi-Fi antenna can switch between the top antenna and the middle antenna to achieve performance improvements similar to cellular mobile communication antennas. The specific implementation of this antenna switching can be as follows: the multi-antenna system may further include a second antenna switching switch and a third antenna switching switch. The second antenna switching switch is connected to the second side antenna and the second top antenna, and is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the second side antenna and the second top antenna as the high-fidelity Wi-Fi antenna. The third antenna switching switch is connected to the first side antenna and the first top antenna, and is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the first side antenna and the first top antenna as the high-fidelity Wi-Fi antenna.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some embodiments, the multi-antenna system can be implemented as a 4×4 cellular mobile antenna system. The four receiving antennas for signal reception are distributed at the top, middle, and bottom of the electronic device, adapting to various user grip scenarios and ensuring the signal reception performance of the electronic device. Several implementation methods are as follows: Method 1. The bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, and the second top antenna can be used as a diversity antenna. The first top antenna and the second side antenna can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main antenna and diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication can be switched between the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the second side antenna, and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna can be switched between the first top antenna and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna can be switched between the second side antenna and the second top antenna. In addition to the bottom antenna used as the main antenna and the second top antenna used as the diversity antenna, the first top antenna and the second side antenna can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0023] Method 2. The bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, and the second top antenna can be used as a diversity antenna. The first top antenna and the second side antenna can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main antenna and diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication can be switched between the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the second side antenna, and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna can be switched between the first top antenna and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna can be switched between the second side antenna and the second top antenna. In addition to the bottom antenna used as the main antenna and the second top antenna used as the diversity antenna, the second side antenna and the first side antenna can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0024] like Figure 8C As shown, the bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, and the second top antenna can be used as a diversity antenna. The first top antenna and the second side antenna can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main antenna and diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication can be switched between the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the second side antenna, and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna can be switched between the first top antenna and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna can be switched between the second side antenna and the second top antenna. In addition to the bottom antenna used as the main antenna and the second top antenna used as the diversity antenna, the first top antenna and the second side antenna can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0025] like Figure 8D As shown, the bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, and the second side antenna can be used as a diversity antenna. The first top antenna and the second top antenna can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main antenna and diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication can be switched between the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the second side antenna, and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna can be switched between the first top antenna and the first side antenna. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna can be switched between the second side antenna and the second top antenna. In addition to the bottom antenna used as the main antenna and the second side antenna used as the diversity antenna, the second top antenna and the first top antenna can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides an electronic device including a multi-antenna system. The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure. The peripheral conductive structure can be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The peripheral conductive structure can extend around the periphery of the electronic device and the display screen, specifically surrounding the four sides of the display screen to help fix the display screen. The peripheral conductive structure can include a top bezel, a bottom bezel, and a first side bezel. The top bezel may have at least one top gap, the bottom bezel may have at least one bottom gap, and the first side bezel may have at least one first side gap.

[0027] The multi-antenna system may include: a first antenna, a second antenna, a first antenna switching switch, and multiple tuning switches. Specifically: The first antenna may include a lower frame, a bottom gap, and a first feed point, as well as a first side frame and a first side gap. The first feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the bottom gap and the first side gap. The second antenna may include a upper frame, a top gap, and a second feed point, the second feed point being disposed on the upper frame.

[0028] The first antenna switch can connect to the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna switch is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0029] The plurality of tuning switches may include at least one first tuning switch connected to the bottom frame and at least one second tuning switch connected to the first side frame. The first tuning switch may be disposed on one or both sides of the bottom gap, and the second tuning switch may be disposed on one or both sides of the first side gap. The first tuning switch may be used to selectively disconnect or connect, and the second tuning switch may be used to selectively disconnect or connect.

[0030] As can be seen, the antenna design provided in the second aspect enables intelligent switching between the first and second antennas via a first antenna switching switch connected to them. Furthermore, the first antenna has two radiation modes, which can be switched by adjusting the combination of the first and second tuning switches. This allows for adaptation to more application scenarios and improves antenna radiation efficiency.

[0031] In the second aspect, the top border can be located at the top of the electronic device, and the bottom border can be located at the bottom of the electronic device. The first side border and the second side border can be located on either side of the electronic device, respectively. The top border can include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a first length, for example, 20 mm. Similarly, the bottom border can also include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a second length. The second length can be the same as the first length, and both can be, for example, 20 mm. The second length can also be different from the first length.

[0032] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first antenna switching switch can be used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from the first antenna and the second antenna. The selected antenna with the best signal quality can be used as the main antenna.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, when the first tuning switch is in the off state and the second tuning switch is in the closed state, the lower frame is fully excited and can act as a radiator to generate radiation outward. At this time, the radiation mode of the first antenna is the horizontal mode, which is not affected by the gap between the first side and the hand, resulting in good radiation efficiency when held. The first tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the lower frame in the horizontal mode, for example, switching between low-frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, when the second tuning switch is in the open state and the first tuning switch is in the closed state, the first side frame is fully excited and can act as a radiator to generate radiation outward. At this time, the radiation mode of the first antenna is the longitudinal mode, and the free space radiation efficiency is good. The second tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the first side frame in the longitudinal mode, for example, switching between low frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0035] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second side frame may have at least one second side gap. The multi-antenna system may further include a third antenna, which includes the second side frame, the second side gap, and a third feed point disposed on the second side frame. The first antenna switching switch may also be connected to the third antenna, specifically for selecting the antenna with the best signal quality from the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0036] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device including a multi-antenna system. The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure. The peripheral conductive structure can be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The peripheral conductive structure can extend around the periphery of the electronic device and the display screen, specifically surrounding the four sides of the display screen to help fix the display screen. The peripheral conductive structure can include a top bezel, a bottom bezel, a first side bezel, and a second side bezel. The top bezel may have at least one top gap, the bottom bezel may have at least one bottom gap, the first side bezel may have at least one first side gap, and the second side bezel may have at least one second side gap.

[0037] The multi-antenna system may include: a first antenna, a second antenna, a first antenna switching switch, and multiple tuning switches. Specifically: The first antenna may include a lower frame, a bottom gap, and a first feed point, as well as a first side frame and a first side gap. The first feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the bottom gap and the first side gap. The second antenna may include a upper frame, a top gap, and a second feed point, as well as a second side frame and a second side gap. The second feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the top gap and the second side gap.

[0038] The first antenna switch can connect to the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna switch is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0039] The plurality of tuning switches may include at least one first tuning switch connected to the bottom frame, at least one second tuning switch connected to the first side frame, at least one third tuning switch connected to the top frame, and at least one fourth tuning switch connected to the second side frame. The first tuning switch may be located on one or both sides of the bottom gap, the second tuning switch may be located on one or both sides of the first side gap, the third tuning switch may be located on one or both sides of the top gap, and the fourth tuning switch may be located on one or both sides of the second side gap. The first tuning switch, the second tuning switch, the third tuning switch, and the fourth tuning switch may all be selectively disconnected or connected.

[0040] As can be seen, the antenna solution provided in the third aspect, compared to the antenna solution in the second aspect, further extends the second antenna from the top frame 11-5 to the side frame 11-1. It can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-2 and the side gap 25, thus having two radiation modes. In this way, by adjusting the combined state of the third and fourth tuning switches, the radiation mode of the second antenna can be switched, which can adapt to more application scenarios and improve antenna radiation efficiency.

[0041] Fourthly, this application provides an antenna switching method for an electronic device. The electronic device may have a housing, a display screen, a first SAR sensor, a second SAR sensor, and a motion sensor. The housing may have an external conductive structure, which may include an upper frame, a lower frame, and side frames. The upper frame has a top gap, the lower frame has a bottom gap, and the side frames have side gaps. The first SAR sensor is disposed on the top of the electronic device, and the second SAR sensor is disposed on the bottom of the electronic device. The electronic device also has a top antenna group distributed on the top of the electronic device, a bottom antenna group distributed on the bottom of the electronic device, and a middle antenna group distributed in the middle of the electronic device.

[0042] The antenna switching method may include: if the display screen is off, the electronic device selects the bottom antenna group as the first antenna group. If the display screen is on, the electronic device determines the current scene using a first SAR sensor, a second SAR sensor, and a motion sensor, and selects the first antenna group from the top antenna group, bottom antenna group, and middle antenna group based on the current scene. Then, the electronic device can switch antennas within the first antenna group based on signal quality.

[0043] The current scenario includes any of the following: a user holding the electronic device vertically at the bottom, a user holding the electronic device vertically at the top, a user holding the electronic device vertically at the middle, a user holding the electronic device horizontally at the bottom, a user holding the electronic device horizontally at the top, a user holding the electronic device horizontally at both the top and bottom, and a user holding the electronic device horizontally at the middle.

[0044] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, the electronic device switches antennas in the first antenna group based on signal quality, specifically including: the electronic device selecting the antenna with the best signal quality from the first antenna group.

[0045] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, if the current scenario is determined to be that the bottom of the electronic device is held vertically by the user, the electronic device can select the top antenna group as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the top of the electronic device is held vertically by the user, the electronic device can select the bottom antenna group as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the middle of the electronic device is held vertically by the user, the electronic device can select the bottom antenna group as the optimal antenna group.

[0046] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments, if the current scenario is determined to be that the bottom of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user, the electronic device can select the top antenna group as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the top of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user, the electronic device can select the bottom antenna group as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that both the top and bottom of the electronic device are held horizontally by the user (e.g., held horizontally 3), the electronic device can select the middle antenna group as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the middle of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user, the electronic device can select the bottom antenna group as the optimal antenna group.

[0047] In the first, second, third, and fourth aspects described above, the top border may be located at the top of the electronic device, and the bottom border may be located at the bottom of the electronic device. The first side border and the second side border may be located on either side of the electronic device, respectively. The top border may include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a first length, for example, 20 mm. Similarly, the bottom border may also include one horizontal portion and two vertical portions. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a second length. The second length may be the same as the first length, and both may be, for example, 20 mm. The second length may also be different from the first length. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device on which the antenna design scheme provided in this application is based; Figures 2A-2B This is a schematic diagram of the external conductive structure involved in this application; Figures 3A-3D These are schematic diagrams of several existing technologies for designing antennas using peripheral conductive structures; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the three antenna groups provided in this application in an electronic device and the applicable scenarios for each of the three antenna groups; Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams illustrating several typical vertical screen handheld scenarios involving the antenna design scheme provided in this application; Figure 6 These are schematic diagrams illustrating several typical landscape handheld scenarios involving the antenna design scheme provided in this application; Figure 7A This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a medium-to-high frequency multi-antenna system; Figure 7B yes Figure 7A A schematic diagram of the power supply and grounding of a multi-antenna system; Figure 7C yes Figure 7A A schematic diagram showing the location of the configurable tuning switch in a multi-antenna system; Figures 8A-8D This is a schematic diagram of several implementation methods of 4×4 MIMO cellular mobile antennas provided in this application; Figure 9A This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-frequency multi-antenna system; Figure 9B yes Figure 9A A schematic diagram of the power supply and grounding of a multi-antenna system; Figure 9C yes Figure 9A A schematic diagram showing the location of the configurable tuning switch in a multi-antenna system; Figure 10A This application provides a schematic diagram of another low-frequency multi-antenna system. Figure 10B yes Figure 10A A schematic diagram of the power supply and grounding of a multi-antenna system; Figure 10C yes Figure 10A A schematic diagram showing the location of the configurable tuning switch in a multi-antenna system; Figure 11A This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of another low-frequency multi-antenna system; Figure 11B yes Figure 11A A schematic diagram of the power supply and grounding of a multi-antenna system; Figure 11C yes Figure 11A A schematic diagram showing the location of the configurable tuning switch in a multi-antenna system; Figures 12A-12B This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a foldable electronic device; Figure 13A This application provides an antenna switching scheme for foldable electronic devices in an unfolded state. Figure 13B This application provides an antenna switching scheme for foldable electronic devices in a folded state. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of SAR sensors and motion sensors within electronic devices; Figures 15A-15C This is a schematic diagram of a SAR sensor sensing stub provided in this application; Figures 16A-16C This is a schematic diagram of another way to set up a SAR sensor sensing stub provided in this application; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-antenna switching scheme for a 1T4R antenna architecture provided in this application; Figure 18This is a schematic diagram of a multi-antenna switching scheme for a 2T4R antenna architecture provided in this application; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout for a foldable electronic device provided in this application; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of one type of tuning switch involved in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices employing one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, Sub-6G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. In this application, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), etc.

[0052] Figure 1 An illustrative diagram shows the internal environment of the electronic device on which the antenna design provided in this application is based. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 10 may include: a glass cover 13, a display screen 15, a printed circuit board 17, a housing 19, and a back cover 12.

[0053] The glass cover 13 can be set close to the display screen 15, and its main function is to protect the display screen 15 from dust. The display screen 15 of the electronic device 10 can be a large-size display screen with a screen-to-body ratio of over 90%.

[0054] The printed circuit board (PCB) 17 can be made of FR-4 dielectric material, Rogers dielectric material, or a hybrid dielectric material of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric material is a high-frequency board. A metal layer can be provided on the side of the PCB 17 closest to the housing 19. This metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of the PCB 17. This metal layer can be used to ground the electronic components carried on the PCB 17 to prevent electric shock to the user or damage to the equipment.

[0055] The housing 19 primarily serves to support the entire device. The housing 19 may include an external conductive structure 11, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The structure 11 may extend around the periphery of the electronic device 10 and the display screen 15, specifically surrounding the four sides of the display screen 15 to help secure it. In one implementation, the structure 11, made of metal, can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 10, forming a metal frame appearance suitable for a metal ID. In another implementation, the outer surface of the structure 11 may also be provided with a non-metallic frame, such as a plastic frame, forming a non-metallic frame appearance suitable for a non-metallic ID.

[0056] like Figure 2A As shown, the peripheral conductive structure 11 can be divided into four parts, which can be named according to their respective positions in the electronic device: upper frame 11-5, lower frame 11-7, and side frames 11-3 and 11-1. The upper frame 11-5 can be located at the top of the electronic device 10, and the lower frame 11-7 can be located at the bottom of the electronic device 10. The side frames 11-3 and 11-1 can be located on the sides of the electronic device 10, respectively. The top of the electronic device 10 can be equipped with devices such as a front-facing camera (not shown), an earpiece (not shown), and a proximity sensor (not shown). The bottom of the electronic device 10 can be equipped with devices such as a USB charging port (not shown) and a microphone (not shown). The sides of the electronic device 10 can be equipped with volume control buttons (not shown) and a power button (not shown).

[0057] like Figure 2B As shown, the upper border 11-5 may include a horizontal portion 11-5A and two vertical portions 11-5B and 11-5C. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a first length, for example, 20 mm. Similarly, the lower border 11-7 may also include a horizontal portion 11-7A and two vertical portions 11-7B and 11-7C. The length of the vertical portions does not exceed a second length. The second length may be the same as the first length, and both may be, for example, 20 mm. The second length may also be different from the first length.

[0058] Among them, the back cover 12 is a non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back cover.

[0059] Figure 1 The electronic device 10 is shown only schematically, and the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 limited.

[0060] To address the issue of reduced antenna clearance due to full-screen design, the antenna of electronic device 10 can be formed through structure 11, which may have a gap through which electromagnetic waves are radiated outward. The gap can be filled with materials such as polymers, glass, ceramics, or combinations thereof.

[0061] Figures 3A-3D Several existing techniques for implementing antennas for electronic devices using structure 11 are shown.

[0062] Existing technology one, such as Figure 3A As exemplarily shown, the peripheral conductive structure 11 has a gap on the side of the electronic device 10 near the bottom. Because the gap is on both sides, the antenna provided by the prior art has good free space efficiency. However, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device 10 vertically for calls, the user's hand can easily grip or cover the gap, causing the antenna to be blocked, resulting in a very weak antenna signal or even no signal at all.

[0063] Existing technology two, such as Figure 3B As exemplarily shown, the peripheral conductive structure 11 has gaps at the bottom of the electronic device 10 near both sides. The antenna radiator in the prior art design is small, resulting in low antenna efficiency. This necessitates increasing the antenna clearance to improve performance, which conflicts with the issue of reduced antenna clearance area in full-screen ID designs. Furthermore, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device 10 vertically for calls, the user's hand is close to the gap. In extreme cases, the user's hand may completely cover or grip the gap, causing the antenna to be completely blocked, resulting in extremely weak or even no signal.

[0064] Existing technology three, such as Figure 3C Example 4 The 4MIMO antenna design features a peripheral conductive structure 11 with gaps at the bottom and top of the electronic device 10, near the sides. The four antennas include MIMO Ant1, diversity Ant1, MIMO Ant2, and main Ant0. MIMO Ant2 is mounted on an internal support structure. Due to the small internal antenna clearance area, the antenna height is very small, for example, less than 1.5 mm, resulting in very low antenna radiation efficiency. Furthermore, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device 10 during a call, the antenna performance of MIMO Ant2 is further degraded by the user's hand grip.

[0065] Existing technology four, such as Figure 3D Example 4 The 4MIMO antenna design features a peripheral conductive structure 11 with gaps on both sides of the electronic device 10 near the top and bottom. All four antennas are implemented using this structure 11, including MIMO Ant1, diversity Ant1, MIMO Ant2, and main antenna Ant0. The main antenna Ant0 and diversity Ant1 can be switched using transmit antenna switch (TAS) technology. Thus, in scenarios where the user is holding the electronic device 10 while making a call, TAS technology allows the main antenna to switch up to the top antenna Ant1, and the diversity antenna to switch down to the bottom antenna Ant0, ensuring the performance of the main antenna. However, when the diversity antenna switches down to the bottom antenna, its radiation efficiency decreases significantly.

[0066] The prior art described above, namely, techniques three and four, can be referred to as a "top-bottom antenna layout." In this antenna layout, the bottom antenna is usually the main antenna, and the top antenna is usually a diversity antenna. Here, "top" refers to the area near the top of the electronic device, and "bottom" refers to the area near the bottom of the electronic device. This antenna layout, combined with intelligent top-bottom antenna switching technology, can overcome the influence of the user's hand grip during calls. Intelligent top-bottom antenna switching technology refers to selecting the antenna with the best signal strength as the main antenna based on the signal strength of the bottom and top antennas. Thus, in scenarios where the user is holding the electronic device while making a call, this technology allows the main antenna to switch up to the top antenna and the diversity antenna to switch down to the bottom antenna, ensuring the performance of the main antenna. However, after the diversity antenna switches down to the bottom antenna, the radiation efficiency decreases significantly.

[0067] Furthermore, as mobile games become increasingly popular, users are spending more and more time playing games while holding their electronic devices horizontally. In scenarios where users play games while holding their electronic devices horizontally, the "top and bottom antenna layout" described in the existing technology above is easily affected by the user's grip, resulting in extremely weak antenna signals. This can seriously impact the user's gaming experience, especially for games with high latency requirements.

[0068] Based on the analysis of the above existing technologies, current technologies are continuously improving antenna design under full-screen ID to reduce the impact of user hand grip on antenna performance and improve antenna performance in some scenarios (such as when a user holds an electronic device vertically and makes a call). However, existing technologies cannot address antenna performance issues in many other scenarios.

[0069] This application provides a multi-antenna system, which uses an intelligent multi-antenna scheme to arrange antennas on the top, side and bottom of the electronic device 10, forming three antenna groups at the top, middle and bottom respectively. This system can take into account the antenna performance in multiple scenarios such as free space, vertical screen holding scenario and horizontal screen holding scenario, and improve the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0070] Figure 4 The illustrations demonstrate the layout of the three antenna groups provided in this application within an electronic device and the applicable scenarios for each antenna group. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the three antenna groups include: a top antenna group, a middle antenna group, and a bottom antenna group. The top antenna group can be located at the top of the electronic device 10 and can be primarily implemented by the upper frame 11-5 of structure 11. The middle antenna group can be located in the middle of the electronic device 10 and can be primarily implemented by the side frames 11-3 and 11-1 of structure 11. The bottom antenna group can be located at the bottom of the electronic device 10 and can be primarily implemented by the lower frame 11-7 of structure 11. The top antenna group can be primarily used as a radiating antenna in a portrait-oriented handheld scenario. The middle antenna group can be primarily used as a radiating antenna in a landscape-oriented handheld scenario. The bottom antenna group can be primarily used as a radiating antenna in a free-space scenario.

[0071] A free-space scenario refers to a scenario where the electronic device 10 is not held by the user. A portrait-oriented handheld scenario refers to a scenario where the user holds the electronic device vertically, including but not limited to scenarios such as reading, playing games, and making calls. A landscape-oriented handheld scenario refers to a scenario where the user holds the electronic device horizontally, including but not limited to scenarios such as playing games and watching TV. Several handholding postures involved in the portrait-oriented handheld scenario can be listed as follows: Figure 5 As shown in (A)-(B), where, Figure 5 (A), (C), and (D) in the diagram show the user's posture when holding the electronic device vertically with one hand at the bottom, top, and middle, respectively. Figure 5 (B) shows the posture of a user holding the electronic device with both hands vertically, focusing on the middle and bottom. Several hand-holding postures involved in landscape mode can be seen as follows: Figure 6 As shown in (A)-(D), where, Figure 6Images (A) and (B) show the posture of a user holding the electronic device horizontally with one hand at the top or bottom. Figure 6 (C) shows the user's posture of holding the electronic device horizontally with both hands at the top and bottom. Figure 6 (D) in the figure shows the posture of a user holding the electronic device horizontally with one hand in the middle.

[0072] In the antenna design provided in this application, gaps are provided on the top, sides, and bottom structure 11 of the electronic device 10. These gaps divide the structure 11 into multiple peripheral conductive segments, which can be used to form... Figure 4 Three antenna groups are shown as an example. The multi-antenna system provided by various embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0073] Example 1 like Figures 7A-7B As shown, the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 1 may include antenna 0, antenna 1, antenna 2, antenna 3, and antenna 4. These antennas can be formed by a peripheral conductive structure 11 (hereinafter referred to as structure 11) with multiple gaps. The upper frame 11-5 of structure 11 may have two top gaps: 21-1 and 21-2. The top gaps 21-1 and 21-2 may be respectively located on the left and right sides of the horizontal portion of the upper frame 11-5. The lower frame 11-7 of structure 11 may have two bottom gaps: 23-1 and 23-2. The bottom gaps 23-1 and 23-2 may be respectively located on the left and right sides of the horizontal portion of the lower frame 11-7. The left side frame 11-3 and the right side frame 11-1 of structure 11 may each have one side gap: 27 and 25. The side gaps 27 and 25 may be respectively located on the upper side of the side frames 11-3 and 11-1. These multiple gaps divide structure 11 into multiple peripheral conductive segments.

[0074] The following sections describe the multi-antenna system of Embodiment 1, focusing on antenna structure, antenna isolation, antenna tuning, and antenna switching.

[0075] 1. Antenna Structure Antenna 0 may include a lower frame 11-7 of structure 11, a bottom gap, and a bottom feed point 31-3. Feed point 31-3 may be located on the lower frame 11-7. Feed point 31-3 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 0 to excite antenna 0 to generate radiation. Because it is located at the bottom of structure 11, antenna 0 can also be called a bottom antenna, which can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through bottom gaps, such as gaps 23-1 and 23-2. Figure 7BAs shown, the power supply point 31-3 can be located on the right side of the bottom gap 23-2. However, it is not limited to this; the power supply point 31-3 can also be located on the left side of the bottom gap 23-2 and the right side of the bottom gap 23-1, i.e., between these two gaps. The power supply point 31-3 can also be located on the left side of the bottom gap 23-1.

[0076] Antenna 1 may include an upper frame 11-5, a top gap 21-2, and a top feed point 31-2. The feed point 31-2 may be disposed on the upper frame 11-5. The feed point 31-2 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 1 to excite antenna 1 to generate radiation. Because it is disposed at the top of structure 11, antenna 1 can also be called a top antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-2. Figure 7B As shown, the feed point 31-2 can be located on the right side of the top gap 21-2. However, it is not limited to this; the feed point 31-2 can also be located on the outer conductive segment on the left side of the top gap 21-2. Specifically, the antenna 1 includes the left portion of the upper frame 11-5. The left portion can be referred to as the first part of the upper frame 11-5.

[0077] Antenna 2 may include an upper frame 11-5, a top gap 21-1, and a top feed point 31-1. The feed point 31-1 may be located on the upper frame 11-5. The feed point 31-1 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 2, thereby exciting antenna 2 to generate radiation. Because it is located at the top of structure 11, antenna 2 can also be called a top antenna, and it can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-1. Figure 7B As shown, the feed point 31-1 can be located on the left side of the top gap 21-1. However, it is not limited to this; the feed point 31-1 can also be located on the right side of the top gap 21-1. Specifically, the antenna 2 includes the right side portion of the upper frame 11-5. This right side portion can be referred to as the second part of the upper frame 11-5.

[0078] Antenna 3 may include a right side frame 11-1, a side gap 25, and a side feed point 31-5. The feed point 31-5 may be disposed on the side frame 11-1. The feed point 31-5 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 3 to excite antenna 3 to generate radiation. Because it is disposed on both sides of structure 11, and the two sides are located in the middle of electronic device 10, antenna 3 can also be called a central antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the side gap 25. Figure 7B As shown, the power supply point 31-5 can be located on the upper side of the gap 25. However, it is not limited to this; the power supply point 31-5 can also be located on the lower side of the gap 25.

[0079] Antenna 4 may include a left side frame 11-3, a side gap 27, and a side feed point 31-7. The side gap 27 may be located on the upper side of the side frame 11-3. The feed point 31-7 may be located on the side frame 11-3. The feed point 31-7 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 4, thereby exciting antenna 4 to generate radiation. Because it is located on both sides of structure 11, and these sides are located in the middle of electronic device 10, antenna 4 can also be called a central antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the side gap 27. Figure 7B As shown, the power supply point 31-7 can be located on the upper side of the gap 27. However, it is not limited to this; the power supply point 31-7 can also be located on the lower side of the gap 27.

[0080] In the above description, "left" and "right" are used only to facilitate the depiction of the relative positions of various elements, such as borders, gaps, and power supply points, and are not intended to define the positions of these elements in the actual complete model. "Top" refers to the side closer to the top border 11-5, relative to the bottom, while "bottom" refers to the side closer to the bottom border 11-7. Similarly, "left" refers to the side closer to the left border 11-3, relative to the right, while "right" refers to the side closer to the right border 11-1. In this application, the left side can be referred to as the first side, and the right side as the second side.

[0081] The central antenna, such as antenna 3 or antenna 4, can be positioned in the middle or slightly above the side frame. The side gaps also begin accordingly in the middle or slightly above the side frame. Alternatively, the central antenna can be adjusted within a 20mm range above or below the center of the side frame.

[0082] In Embodiment 1, antenna 0 can be referred to as the bottom antenna, antenna 2 and antenna 1 can be referred to as the first top antenna and the second top antenna, respectively, and antenna 4 and antenna 3 can be referred to as the first side antenna and the second side antenna, respectively. Top feed point 31-1 and top feed point 31-2 can be referred to as the first top feed point and the second top feed point, respectively. Top gap 21-1 and top gap 21-2 can be referred to as the first top gap and the second top gap, respectively. Side frame 11-3 and side frame 11-1 can be referred to as the first side frame and the second side frame, respectively. Side feed point 31-7 and side feed point 31-5 can be referred to as the first side feed point and the second side feed point, respectively. Side gap 27 and side gap 25 can be referred to as the first side gap and the second side gap, respectively.

[0083] 2. Antenna isolation To improve isolation between adjacent antennas, grounding points can be set between adjacent antennas in a multi-antenna system. For example... Figure 7BAs shown, a grounding point 32-5 can be provided on structure 11 between feed point 31-3 of antenna 0 and feed point 31-5 of antenna 3. A grounding point 32-3 can be provided on structure 11 between feed point 31-5 of antenna 3 and feed point 31-2 of antenna 1. A grounding point 32-7 can be provided on structure 11 between feed point 31-2 of antenna 1 and feed point 31-1 of antenna 2. A grounding point 32-1 can be provided on structure 11 between feed point 31-1 of antenna 2 and feed point 31-7 of antenna 4.

[0084] These grounding points can be grounded by connecting them to ground using conductors such as metal springs, or by connecting a tuning switch to ground for frequency selection. These grounding points can also be used to ground individual antennas.

[0085] 3. Antenna Tuning Figure 7C The location where a tuning switch can be set in the multi-antenna system of Embodiment 1 is illustrated. Figure 7C As shown, at one or more locations from position A to position K, i.e., on one or both sides of the gap, structure 11 can be connected to a tuning switch to control the peripheral conductive segments on both sides of the gap: 1) Frequency band tuning For example, the tuning switch at position A (i.e., to the right of gap 23-2) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment between the bottom gap 23-2 and the grounding point 32-5. As another example, the tuning switch at position B (i.e., to the left of gap 23-2 or to the right of gap 23-1) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment between the bottom gap 23-2 and the bottom gap 23-1. Yet another example, the tuning switch at position K (i.e., below gap 25) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment between the side gap 25 and the grounding point 32-5.

[0086] 2) Improve antenna performance by switching combination states For example, in a scenario where the bottom of the electronic device 10 is held by the user, the tuning switches at positions K and D can be set to the closed state, such as grounding to 0 ohms, while the tuning switches at positions E and J can be set to the open state. This enhances the radiation of the outer conductive segments on the upper side of the side gaps 27 and 25, reduces the radiation of the outer conductive segments on the lower side of the side gaps 27 and 25, improves the antenna performance of antennas 3 and 4, and avoids the influence of the user's grip.

[0087] For example, in a scenario where the top of the electronic device 10 is held by the user, the tuning switches at positions E and J can be set to the closed state, such as grounding to 0 ohms, while the tuning switches at positions K and D can be set to the open state. This enhances the radiation of the outer conductive segments below the side gaps 27 and 25, reduces the radiation of the outer conductive segments above the side gaps 27 and 25, improves the antenna performance of antennas 3 and 4, and avoids the influence of the user's hand grip.

[0088] 4. Physical antenna switching In a free-space scenario, antenna 0 and antenna 1 can be used as the main antenna and diversity antenna in cellular mobile communication, respectively.

[0089] The main antenna is generally responsible for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. In cellular mobile communication, the diversity antenna typically only receives RF signals but does not transmit them. When a signal from the base station is transmitted downlink to the electronic device's antenna, the electronic device selects the signal with better quality from the signals received from these two antenna ports for demodulation.

[0090] Antennas 0, 1, 3, and 4 can all be connected to an antenna switch (not shown). This antenna switch can be referred to as the first antenna switch. The first antenna switch can be used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from antennas 0, 1, 3, and 4. The selected antenna with the best signal quality can be used as the primary antenna. This antenna switch can also select the antenna with the second best signal quality from antennas 0, 1, 3, and 4 as the diversity antenna. In other words, the primary and diversity antennas of cellular mobile communication can be switched between top, middle, and bottom antennas to adapt to various application scenarios and ensure antenna performance during cellular mobile communication.

[0091] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the bottom of the electronic device, such as... Figure 5 (A) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (A), the bottom antenna experiences signal quality degradation due to being held by the user's hand, while the top and middle antennas exhibit good signal quality. The main antenna can be switched to either the top or middle antenna, and the diversity antenna can also be switched to either the top or middle antenna. This ensures the performance of both the main and diversity antennas, avoiding the performance degradation of the diversity antennas caused by the top-down or bottom-up switching of the main antenna in traditional "top-bottom antenna layouts."

[0092] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from the top, such as... Figure 5 (C) Figure 6In the scenario shown in (B), the top antenna experiences signal quality degradation due to being held by the user, while the bottom and middle antennas exhibit excellent signal quality. The bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, demonstrating good antenna performance. The diversity antenna can be switched to the middle antenna to ensure its performance.

[0093] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from both the top and bottom, such as... Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (C), the signal quality of both the top and bottom antennas deteriorates due to the user's hand gripping the device, while the signal quality of the middle antenna remains good. Both the main and diversity antennas can be switched to the middle antenna, allowing both to exhibit good antenna performance.

[0094] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device in the middle, such as... Figure 5 (D) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (D), the signal quality of the middle antenna deteriorates because it is held by the user's hand, while the signal quality of the top and bottom antennas is good. The bottom antenna can be used as the main antenna, and the top antenna can be used as a diversity antenna.

[0095] Not limited to the examples above, the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 1 can also be applied to other handheld scenarios, exhibiting good antenna performance and improving the quality of cellular mobile communication.

[0096] 5. Antenna multiplexing The Wi-Fi antenna of electronic device 10 can be implemented by default through the top antenna. For example, antenna 2 can be used as a Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 0 antenna, and antenna 1 can be used as a Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 1 antenna. The Core 0 antenna and the Core 1 antenna constitute a dual Wi-Fi antenna, and both antennas can be used for signal transmission and reception.

[0097] In Wi-Fi usage scenarios, when the signal quality of the top antenna is poor, the Wi-Fi antenna can switch from the top antenna to the middle antenna. In other words, the Wi-Fi antenna can switch between the top and middle antennas to achieve a performance improvement similar to that of cellular mobile communication antennas. The specific implementation of this antenna switching is as follows: Antennas 1 and 3 can be connected to a second antenna switch (not shown). The second antenna switch allows selection of the antenna with better signal quality from antennas 1 and 3 as the Wi-Fi antenna. Antennas 2 and 4 can be connected to a third antenna switch. The third antenna switch allows selection of the antenna with better signal quality from antennas 2 and 4 as the Wi-Fi antenna.

[0098] When the Wi-Fi antenna and the cellular mobile antenna are switched to the same antenna, such as when the Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna and the cellular mobile antenna (such as the main antenna, diversity antenna, etc.) are both switched to antenna 4, multiplexing can be achieved through a frequency divider (combiner) or time division multiplexing.

[0099] Wi-Fi usage scenarios refer to situations where electronic devices enable Wi-Fi and communicate via Wi-Fi (such as video calls, web browsing, etc.). Electronic devices can determine whether they are in a Wi-Fi usage scenario by checking if Wi-Fi is enabled and whether specific applications or functions (such as video calls or video playback) are running.

[0100] 6. 4×4 MIMO cellular mobile antenna The multi-antenna system in Embodiment 1 may include a 4×4 MIMO cellular mobile antenna. Figures 8A-8D Several implementations of 4×4 MIMO cellular mobile antennas are shown. MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output.

[0101] like Figure 8A As shown, antenna 0 can be used as the main antenna, and antenna 1 can be used as the diversity antenna. Antennas 2 and 3 can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main and diversity antennas for cellular mobile communication can switch between antenna 0, antenna 1, antenna 3, and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 0 antenna can switch between antenna 2 and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 1 antenna can switch between antenna 3 and antenna 1. In addition to antenna 0 used as the main antenna and antenna 1 used as the diversity antenna, antennas 2 and 3 can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0102] like Figure 8B As shown, antenna 0 can be used as the main antenna, and antenna 1 can be used as the diversity antenna. Antennas 2 and 3 can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main and diversity antennas for cellular mobile communication can be switched between antenna 0, antenna 1, antenna 3, and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 0 antenna can be switched between antenna 2 and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 1 antenna can be switched between antenna 3 and antenna 1. In addition to antenna 0 used as the main antenna and antenna 1 used as the diversity antenna, antennas 3 and 4 can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0103] like Figure 8CAs shown, antenna 0 can be used as the main antenna, and antenna 1 can be used as the diversity antenna. Antennas 2 and 3 can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main and diversity antennas for cellular mobile communication can switch between antenna 0, antenna 1, antenna 3, and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 0 antenna can switch between antenna 2 and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core 1 antenna can switch between antenna 3 and antenna 1. In addition to antenna 0 used as the main antenna and antenna 1 used as the diversity antenna, antennas 2 and 3 can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0104] like Figure 8D As shown, antenna 0 can be used as the main antenna, and antenna 3 can be used as a diversity antenna. Antennas 2 and 1 can be used as Wi-Fi antennas. The main and diversity antennas for cellular mobile communication can be switched between antenna 0, antenna 1, antenna 3, and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core0 antenna can be switched between antenna 2 and antenna 4. The Wi-Fi 2.4G Core1 antenna can be switched between antenna 3 and antenna 1. In addition to antenna 0 used as the main antenna and antenna 3 used as the diversity antenna, antennas 1 and 2 can also be used for cellular mobile communication, thus forming four receiving antennas and supporting a 4×4 MIMO architecture.

[0105] from Figures 8A to 8D As can be seen, the four receiving antennas for signal reception are distributed at the top, middle, and bottom of the electronic device, adapting to various user grip scenarios and ensuring the device's signal reception performance. For example, when a user holds the device vertically with one hand at the bottom, the performance of the bottom receiving antenna deteriorates significantly, while the top and middle antennas perform well and can receive signals normally. Similarly, when a user holds the device vertically with one hand at the top, the performance of the top receiving antenna deteriorates significantly, while the bottom and middle antennas perform well and can receive signals normally. Furthermore, when a user holds the device horizontally with both hands at the top and bottom, the performance of the top and bottom receiving antennas deteriorates significantly, while the middle antenna performs well and can receive signals normally.

[0106] The multi-antenna system provided in Example 1 can operate in the mid-to-high frequency band (1670MHz-2.5GHz). This multi-antenna system can exhibit good radiation efficiency in various scenarios such as free space, vertical screen holding, and horizontal screen holding.

[0107] The multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 1 can also support the 5G sub6G / 5G sub3G frequency bands, that is, the 5G Sub6G / 5G sub3G antenna and the mid-to-high frequency antenna of the electronic device 10 can co-radiate. Specifically, this can be achieved by changing the feed position, designing feed impedance matching, or setting tuning switches on both sides of the gap.

[0108] Example 2 like Figures 9A-9B As shown, the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 2 may include antenna 0 and antenna 1. These two antennas can be formed by a peripheral conductive structure 11 (hereinafter referred to as structure 11) with multiple gaps. The upper frame 11-5 of structure 11 may have two top gaps: 21-1 and 21-2. The top gaps 21-1 and 21-2 may be respectively located on the left and right sides of the upper frame 11-5. The lower frame 11-7 of structure 11 may have two bottom gaps: 23-1 and 23-2. The bottom gaps 23-1 and 23-2 may be respectively located on the left and right sides of the lower frame 11-7. The left side frame 11-3 and the right side frame 11-1 of structure 11 may each have one side gap: 27 and 25. The side gaps 27 and 25 may be respectively located on the upper side of the side frames 11-3 and 11-1. These multiple gaps divide structure 11 into multiple peripheral conductive segments.

[0109] The following sections describe the multi-antenna system of Embodiment 2, focusing on antenna structure, antenna isolation, antenna tuning, and antenna switching.

[0110] 1. Antenna Structure Antenna 0 may include a lower frame 11-7, bottom gaps 23-1 and 23-2, and a feed point 32-1 of structure 11, as well as a left frame 11-3 and a side gap 27 of structure 11. The feed point 32-1 may be disposed on the outer conductive segment between the bottom gap 23-1 and the side gap 27. The feed point 32-1 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 0 to excite antenna 0 to generate radiation. Unlike antenna 0 in Embodiment 1, antenna 0 in Embodiment 2 extends from the lower frame 11-7 to the side frame 11-3, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the bottom gap 23-1 and the side gap 27.

[0111] Antenna 1 may include an upper frame 11-5, a top gap 21-2, and a top feed point 32-3. The feed point 32-3 may be disposed on the upper frame 11-5. The feed point 32-3 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 1 to excite antenna 1 to generate radiation. Because it is disposed at the top of structure 11, antenna 1 can also be called a top antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-2. Figure 9BAs shown, the feed point 32-3 can be located on the right side of the top gap 21-2. However, it is not limited to this; the feed point 32-3 can also be located on the outer conductive segment on the left side of the top gap 21-2.

[0112] 2. Antenna isolation To improve the isolation between adjacent antennas 0 and 1, grounding points can be set between adjacent antennas in a multi-antenna system. For example... Figure 9B As shown, grounding points 33-1 and 33-2 can be provided on structure 11 between feed point 32-1 of antenna 0 and feed point 32-3 of antenna 1. These grounding points can be connected to ground via conductors such as metal springs, or via frequency-selective grounding devices. These grounding points can also be used to ground each antenna.

[0113] 3. Antenna tuning switch Figure 9C The location where a tuning switch can be set in the multi-antenna system of Embodiment 2 is illustrated. Figure 9C As shown, at one or more locations from position A to position E, i.e., on one or both sides of the gap, structure 11 can be connected to a tuning switch to control the peripheral conductive segments on both sides of the gap: 1) Frequency band tuning For example, the tuning switch at position D (i.e., to the left of gap 21-2) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment to the left of gap 21-2. As another example, the tuning switch at position E (i.e., to the right of gap 21-2) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment to the right of gap 21-2. And yet another example, the tuning switch at position B (i.e., to the left of gap 23-1) can be used to adjust the operating frequency band of the peripheral conductive segment to the left of gap 23-1.

[0114] 2) Virtual antenna switching is achieved through combinations of tuning switch states. The virtual antenna switching will be explained in detail later, so we will not go into it here.

[0115] 4. Antenna switching (1) Physical antenna switching In a free-space scenario, antenna 0 and antenna 1 can be used as the main antenna and diversity antenna in cellular mobile communication, respectively.

[0116] Both antenna 0 and antenna 1 can be connected to an antenna switch (not shown). In embodiment two, this antenna switch can be referred to as the first antenna switch. The first antenna switch can be used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from antenna 0 and antenna 1. The selected antenna with the best signal quality can be used as the main antenna.

[0117] (2) Virtual antenna switching Unlike antenna 0 in Embodiment 1, antenna 0 in Embodiment 2 extends from the bottom frame 11-7 to the side frame 11-3. It can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the bottom gap 23-1 and the side gap 27, forming two radiation modes at the bottom and sides: a horizontal mode and a vertical mode. Here, the horizontal mode can refer to the radiation mode in which the horizontal bottom frame 11-7 acts as the main radiator. Here, the vertical mode can refer to the radiation mode in which the vertical side frame 11-3 acts as the main radiator. When the radiation mode of antenna 0 is the horizontal mode, antenna 0 can be used as a bottom antenna, similar to antenna 0 in Embodiment 1; when the radiation mode of antenna 0 is the vertical mode, antenna 0 can be used as a middle antenna, similar to antenna 3 or antenna 4 in Embodiment 1.

[0118] In Embodiment 2, the radiation mode of antenna 0 can be adjusted to be either horizontal or vertical by changing the state (such as open or closed) of the tuning switch connecting the lower frame 11-7 and the side frame 11-3.

[0119] The tuning switch connected to the lower frame 11-7 can be referred to as the first tuning switch. The first tuning switch can be specifically connected to the lower frame 11-7 on one or both sides of the bottom gap 23-1, for example... Figure 9C The first tuning switch can be specifically located on the left side of the bottom gap 23-1, as shown at position B. The tuning switch connected to the side frame 11-3 can be called the second tuning switch. The second tuning switch can be specifically connected to the side frame 11-3 on one or both sides of the side gap 27, for example... Figure 9C The second tuning switch can be specifically located at position C, as shown.

[0120] When the first tuning switch is in the open state and the second tuning switch is in the closed state, the lower frame 11-7 is fully excited and can act as a radiator to generate radiation outward. At this time, the radiation mode of antenna 0 is the horizontal mode, which is not affected by the hand holding the side gap 27, and the radiation efficiency is good when held. The first tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the lower frame 11-7 in the horizontal mode, such as switching between low frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0121] When the second tuning switch is open and the first tuning switch is closed, the side frame 11-3 is fully excited and can act as a radiator to radiate outwards. At this time, the radiation mode of antenna 0 is the longitudinal mode, which has good free space radiation efficiency. The second tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the side frame 11-3 in the longitudinal mode, such as switching between low-frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0122] It can be seen that by adjusting the combined state of the first tuning switch and the second tuning switch, the radiation mode of the antenna 0 can be switched and adjusted. The antenna performance can be improved by adjusting the combination of the switches, and frequency band tuning can also be achieved.

[0123] (3) Antenna switching supports all scenarios By combining the physical antenna switching in (1) and the virtual antenna switching in (2) above, the main antenna and diversity antenna of cellular mobile communication can be switched between the top, middle and bottom of the electronic device to adapt to various application scenarios and ensure good antenna performance during cellular mobile communication.

[0124] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the bottom of the electronic device, such as... Figure 5 (A) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (A), the bottom of the electronic device is held by the user. In this scenario, the lateral mode performance of antenna 0 is poor, but the performance of antenna 1 at the top is good, and the vertical mode performance of antenna 0 is also good. The main antenna can be switched to antenna 1 at the top, and the diversity antenna can be switched to the vertical mode of antenna 0. This ensures the antenna performance of both the main and diversity antennas and avoids the performance degradation of the diversity antenna caused by the top-down switching of the main antenna and the bottom-up switching of the diversity antenna in the traditional "top-bottom antenna layout".

[0125] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from the top, such as... Figure 5 (C) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (B), the performance of antenna 1 deteriorates, but the performance of antenna 0 is good, especially the lateral mode performance of antenna 0. The main antenna can be switched to the lateral mode of antenna 0 to ensure the good antenna performance of the main antenna.

[0126] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from both the top and bottom, such as... Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (C), the performance of antenna 1 deteriorates, the lateral mode performance of antenna 0 is poor, but the longitudinal mode performance of antenna 0 is good. The main antenna can be switched to the longitudinal mode of antenna 0 to ensure the good antenna performance of the main antenna.

[0127] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device in the middle, such as... Figure 5 (D) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (D), antenna 0 has poor longitudinal mode performance, but antennas 1 and 0 have good lateral mode performance. The main antenna can be switched to the lateral mode of antenna 0, and antenna 1 can be used as a diversity antenna. This ensures good antenna performance for both the main and diversity antennas.

[0128] Not limited to the examples above, the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 2 can also be applied to other handheld scenarios, exhibiting good antenna performance and improving the quality of cellular mobile communication.

[0129] The multi-antenna system provided in Example 2 can operate in low-frequency bands (such as 960MHz). This multi-antenna system can exhibit good radiation efficiency in various scenarios such as free space, portrait handheld, and landscape handheld scenarios.

[0130] The multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 2 and the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 1 can be implemented in combination to achieve good radiation efficiency in multiple scenarios at low and medium frequencies.

[0131] Extension of Example 2 Extension 1 (1) The antenna 1 on the top of the electronic device can also be designed similarly to the antenna 0. That is, the antenna 1 can extend from the top frame 11-5 to the side frame 11-1. It can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-2 and the side gap 25, which can support more horizontal and vertical screen hand-held scenarios.

[0132] like Figures 10A-10B As shown, antenna 1 may include an upper frame 11-5, top gaps 21-1 and 21-2, and a feed point 32-3 of structure 11, as well as a right side frame 11-1 and a side gap 25 of structure 11. The feed point 32-3 may be disposed on the peripheral conductive segment between the top gap 21-2 and the side gap 25. The feed point 32-3 can be used to connect the feed to antenna 1 to excite antenna 1 to generate radiation. Figures 9A-9C Unlike antenna 1, Figures 10A-10C The antenna 1 extends from the top frame 11-5 to the side frame 11-1, and it can radiate electromagnetic waves outward through the top gap 21-2 and the side gap 25.

[0133] Similar to antenna 0, antenna 1 can form two radiation modes at the top and sides: a horizontal mode and a vertical mode. Here, the horizontal mode refers to the radiation mode where the upper horizontal frame 11-5 acts as the main radiator. The vertical mode refers to the radiation mode where the side frame 11-1 acts as the main radiator. When the radiation mode of antenna 1 is horizontal, antenna 1 can be used as a top antenna; when the radiation mode of antenna 1 is vertical, antenna 1 can be used as a middle antenna, similar to antenna 3 or antenna 4 in embodiment 1.

[0134] The radiation mode of antenna 1, whether it is horizontal or vertical, can be adjusted by changing the state (such as open or closed) of the tuning switch connected to the upper frame 11-5 and the side frame 11-1.

[0135] The tuning switch connected to the upper frame 11-5 can be referred to as the third tuning switch. The third tuning switch can be specifically connected to the upper frame 11-5 on one or both sides of the top gap 21-2, for example... Figure 10C The tuning switch connected to the side frame 11-1 is shown at position D. This can be referred to as the fourth tuning switch. The fourth tuning switch can be specifically connected to one or both sides of the side frame 11-1 of the side gap 25, for example... Figure 10C The locations shown are E and F.

[0136] When the third tuning switch is in the off state and the fourth tuning switch is in the closed state, the upper frame 11-5 is fully excited and can act as a radiator to generate radiation outward. At this time, the radiation mode of antenna 1 is the horizontal mode, which is not affected by the hand holding the side gap 25, and the hand-held radiation efficiency is good. The third tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the upper frame 11-5 in the horizontal mode, such as switching between low frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0137] When the fourth tuning switch is open and the third tuning switch is closed, the side frame 11-1 is fully excited and can act as a radiator to radiate outwards. At this time, the radiation mode of antenna 1 is the longitudinal mode, which has good free space radiation efficiency. The fourth tuning switch can also be used to switch the radiation frequency band of the side frame 11-1 in the longitudinal mode, such as switching between low-frequency bands such as LTE B5, LTE B8, and LTE B28.

[0138] It can be seen that by adjusting the combined state of the third and fourth tuning switches, the radiation mode of antenna 1 can be switched, the antenna performance can be improved by adjusting the combination of switch states, and frequency band tuning can also be achieved.

[0139] (2) Supports more handheld scenarios By combining the physical antenna switching between antenna 1 and antenna 0, as well as the virtual antenna switching between antenna 0 and antenna 1, the main antenna and diversity antenna of cellular mobile communication can be switched between the top, middle and bottom of the electronic device, adapting to more application scenarios and ensuring good antenna performance during cellular mobile communication.

[0140] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from the top, such as... Figure 5 (C) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (B), antenna 1 has poor lateral mode performance but good longitudinal mode performance. Antenna 0 performs well, especially in lateral mode. The main antenna can be switched to the lateral mode of antenna 0, and the diversity antenna can be switched to the longitudinal mode of antenna 1, ensuring good antenna performance for both the main and diversity antennas.

[0141] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from both the top and bottom, such as... Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (C), antenna 1 and antenna 0 have poor lateral mode performance, but both antenna 0 and antenna 1 have good longitudinal mode performance. The main antenna can be switched to the longitudinal mode of antenna 0, and the diversity antenna can be switched to the longitudinal mode of antenna 1, ensuring good antenna performance for both the main and diversity antennas.

[0142] Extension 2 (1) Add a side antenna 2 Apart from Figures 9A-9C Antenna 0 and Antenna 1 in the image, such as Figures 11A-11B As shown, the multi-antenna system provided in Embodiment 2 may further include antenna 2. Antenna 2 may include: a side frame 11-1, a side gap 25, and a feed point 32-5. The feed point 32-5 may be disposed on the side frame 11-1. The feed point 32-5 can be used to connect the feed of antenna 2 to excite antenna 2 to generate radiation. Figure 11B As shown, the power supply point 32-5 can be set on the lower side of the side gap 25.

[0143] In addition, such as Figure 11B As shown, the grounding point 33-2 set between the feed point 32-5 and the feed point 32-3 can improve the isolation between antenna 2 and antenna 1, and the grounding point 33-3 set between the feed point 32-5 and the feed point 32-1 can improve the isolation between antenna 2 and antenna 0.

[0144] (2) Frequency band tuning of antenna 2 like Figure 11C As shown, the tuning switch connected to the side frame 11-1 can tune the antenna 2 in a specific frequency band. Specifically, the tuning switch can be located on one or both sides of the side gap 25, for example, at position F.

[0145] (3) Physical antenna switching In a free-space scenario, antenna 0 in lateral mode can be used as a master antenna in cellular mobile communication, while antenna 1 can be used as a diversity antenna in cellular mobile communication.

[0146] Similar to antennas 0 and 1, antenna 2 can also be connected to the first antenna switching switch. The first antenna switching switch can be used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from antennas 0, 1, and 2. The selected antenna with the best signal quality can be used as the primary antenna. The first antenna switching switch can also select the antenna with the second best signal quality from antennas 0, 1, and 2 as the diversity antenna. In other words, the primary and diversity antennas in cellular mobile communication can be switched between top, middle, and bottom antennas to adapt to various application scenarios and ensure antenna performance during cellular mobile communication.

[0147] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the bottom of the electronic device, such as... Figure 5 (A) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (A), antenna 0 has poor lateral mode performance, but antenna 0's longitudinal mode, antenna 1, and antenna 2 have good signal quality. The main antenna can be switched to antenna 1, and the diversity antennas can be switched to antenna 0's longitudinal mode or antenna 2. This ensures the antenna performance of both the main and diversity antennas, avoiding the performance degradation of diversity antennas caused by the main antenna being switched upwards and the diversity antennas being switched downwards in the traditional "top-bottom antenna layout".

[0148] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from the top, such as... Figure 5 (C) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (B), antenna 1 experiences signal quality degradation due to being held by the user, while antennas 0 and 2 exhibit excellent signal quality. Antenna 0's lateral mode can be used as the main antenna, demonstrating good antenna performance. The diversity antenna can be switched to antenna 2, ensuring the performance of the diversity antenna.

[0149] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device from both the top and bottom, such as... Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (C), antenna 0's lateral mode and antenna 1's performance are both poor, but antenna 0's longitudinal mode and antenna 2's performance are good. The main antenna can be switched to antenna 2, and the diversity antenna can be switched to antenna 0's longitudinal mode. Alternatively, the diversity antenna can be switched to antenna 2, and the main antenna can be switched to antenna 0's longitudinal mode. This allows both the main antenna and the diversity antenna to exhibit good antenna performance.

[0150] For example, in scenarios where the user holds the electronic device in the middle, such as... Figure 5 (D) Figure 6 In the scenario shown in (D), the performance of antenna 0 in longitudinal mode and antenna 2 is poor, but the performance of antenna 0 in lateral mode and antenna 1 is good. Antenna 0 in lateral mode can be used as a main antenna, and antenna 1 can be used as a diversity antenna.

[0151] Not limited to the examples mentioned above, Figures 11A-11B The multi-antenna system shown can also be applied to other handheld scenarios, exhibiting good antenna performance and improving the quality of cellular mobile communication.

[0152] In Implementation Two, the left side frame 11-3 and the right side frame 11-1 can be referred to as the first side frame and the second side frame, respectively. Antenna 0 can be referred to as the first antenna, antenna 1 as the second antenna, and antenna 2 as the third antenna. Feed point 32-1 can be referred to as the first feed point. Feed point 32-3 can be referred to as the second feed point. Feed point 32-5 can be referred to as the third feed point. Side gap 27 and side gap 25 can be referred to as the first side gap and the second side gap, respectively.

[0153] Example 3 This embodiment is designed for foldable electronic devices, such as foldable phones.

[0154] like Figures 12A-12B As shown, the display screen 15 of the foldable electronic device is a flexible screen. This flexible screen may include a main screen 15-1 and a secondary screen 15-3. The foldable electronic device may also include a hinge 16 connecting the main screen 15-1 and the secondary screen 15-3. The width (w1) of the main screen 15-1 and the width (w2) of the secondary screen 15-3 may be equal or unequal. In this application, the main screen may be referred to as the first screen, and the secondary screen as the second screen. The peripheral conductive structure 11 may include the main screen peripheral conductive structure 11-1 and the secondary screen peripheral conductive structure 11-3.

[0155] The flexible screen 15 can be bent at the hinge 16. Bending can include bending the flexible screen 15 outwards or inwards. Bending outwards means that after bending, the flexible screen 15 is exposed on the outside, the back cover of the electronic device is exposed on the inside, and the display content on the flexible screen 15 is visible to the user. Bending inwards means that after bending, the flexible screen 15 is hidden on the inside, the back cover of the electronic device is exposed on the outside, and the display content on the flexible screen 15 is not visible to the user. The flexible screen 15 has two modes: an open state and a folded state. The open state can refer to the state where the angle α between the main screen and the secondary screen exceeds a first angle (e.g., 120°). The folded state can refer to the state where the angle α between the main screen and the secondary screen is less than a second angle (e.g., 15°). When the flexible screen 15 is in the open state, the electronic device can... Figure 12A As exemplarily shown; when the flexible screen 15 is in a folded state, the electronic device can... Figure 12B As shown in the example.

[0156] Foldable electronic devices may have the multi-antenna system described in Embodiment 1 above. However, the multi-antenna switching scheme of the foldable electronic device needs to be selected according to the specific mode (unfolded or folded) of the flexible screen. Specifically: like Figure 13AAs shown, when the display screen of the foldable electronic device is in the unfolded state, the antenna switching scheme of the foldable electronic device is the same as that in Embodiment 1. That is, the main antenna and diversity antenna of cellular mobile communication can switch between the top antenna, the middle antenna, and the bottom antenna to adapt to various application scenarios and ensure antenna performance during cellular mobile communication. For details on how to implement the main / diversity antenna switching, please refer to the relevant content in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here. In addition, in Wi-Fi usage scenarios, if the signal quality of the top antenna is poor, the Wi-Fi antenna can also be switched from the top antenna to the middle antenna. For details on how to implement Wi-Fi antenna switching, please refer to the relevant content in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0157] like Figure 13B As shown, when the display of the foldable electronic device is in a folded state, considering the isolation issue between the top and bottom antennas when folded, the antenna switching scheme of the foldable electronic device differs from the antenna switching scheme in Embodiment 1. Specifically, the antenna switching scheme for the main antenna and diversity antenna in cellular mobile communication can be a 3-antenna switching scheme. That is, the main antenna and diversity antenna can switch between the middle antenna (antenna 3, antenna 4) and the bottom antenna (antenna 0). In the Wi-Fi usage scenario, the Wi-Fi antenna switches to the middle antennas: antenna 3 and antenna 4.

[0158] Based on the multi-antenna system described in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides an antenna selection scheme. This scheme utilizes a specific absorption rate (SAR) sensor and a motion sensor within the electronic device for identification. Figures 5-6 The illustrated application scenarios involve selecting the optimal antenna group based on the scenario, and then employing TAS / MAS antenna switching technology to select antennas within that optimal group. This enables antenna group switching and intra-group switching, increasing signal coverage for each scenario. Figures 5-6 The typical application scenarios shown demonstrate a significant improvement in antenna performance (8~15dB), which in turn reduces the power consumption of electronic devices and extends standby time.

[0159] The antenna selection scheme provided in this application may specifically include the following stages: Phase 1: Screen On / Off Recognition Electronic devices can determine whether the display is on or off. If the display is off, the electronic device can default to selecting the antenna group at the bottom of the device as the optimal antenna group. If the bottom antenna group is... Figure 7AIf only antenna 0 is shown, then antenna 0 is the optimal antenna. If the bottom antenna group includes multiple antennas, the electronic device can use TAS / MAS antenna switching technology to select the optimal antenna from these multiple antennas. If the display screen is on, the electronic device can perform antenna selection using the methods described in later stages.

[0160] Phase 2: Scene Recognition Electronic devices can identify application scenarios based on SAR sensors and motion sensors within the device, for example... Figure 5 The following are several portrait-oriented handheld scenarios shown in (A)-(B) of the image. Figure 6 The images (A)-(D) show several landscape handheld scenarios. Motion sensors may include accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetic sensors, etc.

[0161] like Figure 14 As shown, SAR sensors can be installed on the top and bottom of the electronic device to detect the proximity of the top and bottom of the device to a human body. That is, through the SAR sensors distributed on the top and bottom, the electronic device can determine whether the user is holding the top or bottom. Furthermore, combined with motion sensors installed inside the electronic device, the device can determine its posture. The posture of the electronic device can include: resting on a horizontal surface, being held vertically by the user, or being held horizontally by the user.

[0162] Figures 15A-15C and Figures 16A-16C Several ways of setting up sensing stubs for SAR sensors are shown. Sensing stubs can be implemented using existing components in electronic devices, such as a support antenna on the back of the electronic device, or the peripheral conductive structure 11 of the housing 19. Sensing stubs can also be sensing stubs specifically designed for SAR sensors.

[0163] like Figures 15A-15C As shown, the SAR sensor can be connected to several suspended, ungrounded sensing stubs. Among them, Figure 15A The diagram shows a SAR sensor connected to two vertically suspended sensing stubs. Figure 15B The diagram shows a SAR sensor connected to a vertically suspended sensing stub and a horizontally suspended sensing stub, wherein the horizontally suspended sensing stub is a suspended peripheral conductive segment formed by two gap-segmented structures 11. Figure 15C The diagram shows a SAR sensor connected to two vertically suspended sensing stubs and one horizontally suspended stub.

[0164] like Figures 16A-16C As shown, the SAR sensor can connect to several suspended, ungrounded sensing stubs and one grounded sensing stub. Figure 16A , Figure 16BIn this configuration, each SAR sensor is connected to a suspended sensing stub and a grounded sensing stub. However... Figure 16A , Figure 16B The grounding induction branches are different. Figure 16C In the middle, the SAR sensor is connected to two vertically suspended sensing branches and one grounded sensing branch.

[0165] Figures 15A-15C and Figures 16A-16C The method of setting up the sensing stubs of the SAR sensor shown is applicable not only to the top antenna group of electronic devices, but also to the bottom antenna group of electronic devices.

[0166] Phase 3: Antenna Group Switching Electronic devices can switch antenna groups based on the scenarios identified in Phase 2 to select the best-performing antenna group suitable for that scenario. The selected antenna group can be called the first antenna group.

[0167] Figure 17 and Figure 18 Exemplary examples illustrate 1T4R (one-transmitter-four-receiver) and 2T4R (two-transmitter-four-receiver) antenna architectures. In the 1T4R architecture, antenna groups Ant0, Ant1, Ant2, and Ant3 can be connected to the same antenna switching switch, which can be used to select the main antenna and diversity antenna from antenna groups Ant0, Ant1, Ant2, and Ant3. In the 2T4R architecture, antenna groups Ant0 and Ant1 can be connected to the same antenna switching switch, and antenna groups Ant2 and Ant3 can be connected to another antenna switching switch, which can be used to select the main antenna and diversity antenna from antenna groups Ant0 and Ant1, and also to select another antenna group for signal transmission from antenna groups Ant2 and Ant3.

[0168] Table 1 shows Figure 17 and Figure 18 The exemplary antenna architectures (1T4R and 2T4R) demonstrate antenna group switching schemes adapted to several vertical screen holding scenarios. Table 2 shows... Figure 17 and Figure 18 The exemplary antenna architectures (1T4R and 2T4R) demonstrate antenna group switching schemes adapted to several landscape holding scenarios. Figure 17 , Figure 18An antenna architecture consisting of seven gap-segmented structures 11 is shown, each having: a bottom antenna group Ant0, a top antenna group Ant1, a top antenna group Ant2, and a middle antenna group Ant3. Ant0 includes two antennas: Ant0-1 and Ant0-2; Ant1 includes two antennas: Ant1-1 and Ant1-2; Ant2 includes two antennas: Ant2-1 and Ant2-2; and Ant3 has only one antenna Ant3.

[0169]

[0170] Table 1

[0171] Table 2 In Tables 1 and 2, a detection result of "1" from the top SAR sensor indicates that the top of the electronic device is being held by the user; a detection result of "0" indicates that the top of the electronic device is not being held by the user. Similarly, a detection result of "1" from the bottom SAR sensor indicates that the bottom of the electronic device is being held by the user; a detection result of "0" indicates that the bottom of the electronic device is not being held by the user. A detection result of "1" from the motion sensor indicates that the electronic device is being held horizontally by the user; a detection result of "0" indicates that the electronic device is being held vertically by the user. Here, the "1" and "0" in the tables are used to distinguish between two detected states, such as "held" and "not held," and are not used to define the sensor's detection value. It should be understood that multiple detection results of "1" can actually correspond to different detection values; for example, different SAR sensor detection values ​​represent different degrees of proximity between the human body and the electronic device.

[0172] Table 1 shows that portrait mode scenarios can include: standby, portrait handheld mode (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown in (A) and (B), vertical screen handheld 2 (as shown) Figure 5 As shown in (C), vertical screen handheld 3 (as shown in C) Figure 5 (As shown in D). These vertical screen scenes can be determined by the detection results from the top SAR sensor, bottom SAR sensor, and motion sensor.

[0173] It can be seen that if the current scenario is determined to be that the user is holding the electronic device vertically with the bottom of the device in the hand (e.g., vertical handheld 1), then the electronic device can choose the top antenna group (e.g., Ant1) as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the user is holding the electronic device vertically with the top of the device in the hand (e.g., vertical handheld 2), then the electronic device can choose the bottom antenna group (e.g., Ant0) as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the user is holding the electronic device vertically with the middle of the device in the hand (e.g., vertical handheld 3), then the electronic device can choose the bottom antenna group (e.g., Ant0) as the optimal antenna group. In the scenario of vertical handheld 1, choosing antenna group Ant1 as the optimal antenna group can improve the gain by approximately 8~12dB compared to the default choice of bottom antenna group.

[0174] Table 2 shows that landscape scenarios can include: standby, landscape handheld mode (e.g., ...). Figure 6 As shown in (A), landscape handheld 2 (as shown in the middle). Figure 6 As shown in (B), landscape handheld 3 (as shown in B) Figure 6 As shown in (C), landscape handheld 4 (as shown in C) Figure 6 (As shown in D). These landscape scenes can be determined using the detection results from the top SAR sensor, bottom SAR sensor, and motion sensor.

[0175] It can be seen that if the current scenario is determined to be that the bottom of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user (e.g., horizontal handheld 1), then the electronic device can choose the top antenna group (e.g., Ant1) as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the top of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user (e.g., horizontal handheld 2), then the electronic device can choose the bottom antenna group (e.g., Ant0) as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that both the top and bottom of the electronic device are held horizontally by the user (e.g., horizontal handheld 3), then the electronic device can choose the middle antenna group (e.g., Ant3) as the optimal antenna group. If the current scenario is determined to be that the middle of the electronic device is held horizontally by the user (e.g., horizontal handheld 4), then the electronic device can choose the bottom antenna group (e.g., Ant0) as the optimal antenna group. In the scenario of horizontal handheld 1, choosing antenna group Ant1 as the optimal antenna group can improve the gain by approximately 8~12dB compared to the default choice of bottom antenna group. In the scenario of horizontal handheld 3, choosing antenna group Ant3 as the optimal antenna group can improve the gain by approximately 5~8dB compared to the default choice of bottom antenna group.

[0176] That is, the current scenario can include any of the following: the user holding the bottom of the electronic device in portrait mode, the user holding the top of the electronic device in portrait mode, the user holding the middle of the electronic device in portrait mode, the user holding the bottom of the electronic device in landscape mode, the user holding the top of the electronic device in landscape mode, the user holding the top and bottom of the electronic device in landscape mode, and the user holding the middle of the electronic device in landscape mode.

[0177] In addition to scene recognition, antenna group switching can also be performed based on the TAS / MAS algorithm, which selects antenna groups based on the actual signal transmission and reception quality of each antenna group. This can adapt to more complex and varied hand-holding scenarios and further improve the benefits of antenna switching.

[0178] Phase 4: Antenna switching within the optimal antenna group Within the selected optimal antenna group, the electronic device can perform antenna switching based on the TAS / MAS algorithm, that is, antenna switching is based on the signal transmission and reception quality of each antenna within the optimal antenna group. Specifically, the electronic device can select the antenna with the best signal quality within the first antenna group using the TAS / MAS algorithm. For example, if the optimal antenna group is Ant0, antenna switching can be performed between antennas Ant0-1 and Ant0-2 using the TAS / MAS algorithm. Similarly, if the optimal antenna group is Ant1, antenna switching can be performed between antennas Ant1-1 and Ant1-2 using the TAS / MAS algorithm.

[0179] The antenna switching schemes described in stages 1-4 above can also be applied to foldable electronic devices. In the main screen 15-1 of the foldable electronic device, the SAR sensor and motion sensor settings can refer to the antenna switching schemes described in stages 1-4 above, and the sensing stubs of the SAR sensor can also refer to the antenna switching schemes described in stages 1-4 above. In the secondary screen 15-3 of the foldable electronic device, the top antenna group area and the bottom antenna group area can also refer to... Figure 14 Configure the SAR sensor. The configuration of the SAR sensor sensing stubs can also be found in [reference needed]. Figures 15A-15C and Figures 16A-16C The two methods shown.

[0180] The tuning switch mentioned in the above embodiments can be as follows: Figure 20 As shown, there can be multiple grounding points, such as grounding point 61, grounding point 63, and grounding point 65. Each grounding point can be connected in series with an RLC lumped device; for example, grounding point 61 can be connected in series with lumped device L1, grounding point 63 with lumped device L2, and grounding point 65 with lumped device L3. The lumped parameter values ​​of L1, L2, and L3 are different. The tuning switch can selectively conduct different lumped device grounding points connected in series to achieve frequency regulation.

[0181] The tuning switch mentioned in the above embodiments, when in a closed state, can also be referred to as the tuning switch being switched to the on state. The tuning switch mentioned in the above embodiments, when in an open state, can also be referred to as the tuning switch being switched to the off state. The tuning switch being in a closed state can mean that the tuning switch is conducting a lumped device, for example, the tuning switch conducting a 0-ohm lumped device to achieve closed grounding.

[0182] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electronic device comprising a multi-antenna system, characterized in that, The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure, which includes an upper frame, a lower frame, and a side frame; the upper frame has at least one top gap, the lower frame has at least one bottom gap, and the side frame has at least one side gap. The multi-antenna system includes: a top antenna, a bottom antenna, side antennas, and an antenna switching switch; wherein... The top antenna includes: the upper frame, the top gap, and the top feed point, the top feed point being disposed on the upper frame; the bottom antenna includes: the lower frame, the bottom gap, and the bottom feed point, the bottom feed point being disposed on the lower frame; the side antenna includes: the side frame, the side gap, and the side feed point, the side feed point being disposed on the side frame; Multiple antennas, including the top antenna, the bottom antenna, and the side antenna, are connected to the antenna switching switch, which is used to select one of the multiple antennas based on the antenna signal quality.

2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna switching switch includes: a first antenna switching switch; the top antenna, the bottom antenna, and the side antenna are connected to the first antenna switching switch; the first antenna switching switch is specifically used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from the top antenna, the bottom antenna, and the side antenna as the main antenna for cellular mobile communication.

3. The electronic device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first antenna switching switch is also used to select one of the top antenna, the bottom antenna, and the side antenna as the diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication.

4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, The first antenna switching switch is also specifically used to select the antenna with the second best signal quality from the top antenna, the bottom antenna, and the side antenna as the diversity antenna for cellular mobile communication.

5. The electronic device as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The at least one top gap includes: a first top gap and a second top gap, wherein the first top gap is formed on a first side of the upper frame and the second top gap is formed on a second side of the upper frame; The top feed point includes: a first top feed point and a second top feed point, wherein the first top feed point is located on the first side of the upper frame and the second top feed point is located on the second side of the upper frame; The top antenna includes: a first top antenna and a second top antenna, wherein the first top antenna includes: a first portion of the upper frame, a first top feed point, and a first top gap; the second top antenna includes: a second portion of the upper frame, the first top feed point, and a second top gap; the first portion is located on the first side, and the second portion is located on the second side.

6. The electronic device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The side frame includes: a first side frame and a second side frame, wherein the first side frame is located on a first side of the electronic device and the second side frame is located on a second side of the electronic device; The at least one side gap includes: a first side gap formed on the first side frame and a second side gap formed on the second side frame; The side feed point includes: a first side feed point disposed on the first side frame and a second side feed point disposed on the second side frame; The side antenna includes a first side antenna and a second side antenna, wherein the first side antenna includes a first side frame, a first side feed point, and a first side gap; and the second side antenna includes a second side frame, a second side feed point, and a second side gap.

7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The first antenna switching switch is specifically connected to the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the first side antenna, and the second side antenna. The first antenna switching switch is specifically used to select the main antenna from the bottom antenna, the second top antenna, the first side antenna, and the second side antenna.

8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The antenna switching switch includes: a second antenna switching switch and a third antenna switching switch; The second antenna switching switch is connected to the second side antenna and the second top antenna. The second antenna switching switch is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the second side antenna and the second top antenna as the wireless high-fidelity Wi-Fi antenna. The third antenna switching switch is connected to the first side antenna and the first top antenna. The third antenna switching switch is used to select the antenna with better signal quality from the first side antenna and the first top antenna as the wireless high-fidelity Wi-Fi antenna.

9. An electronic device comprising a multi-antenna system, characterized in that, The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure, which includes an upper frame, a lower frame, and a first side frame; the upper frame has at least one top gap, the lower frame has at least one bottom gap, and the first side frame has at least one first side gap. The multi-antenna system includes: a first antenna, a second antenna, a first antenna switching switch, and multiple tuning switches; wherein... The first antenna includes the lower frame, the bottom gap, and the first feed point, as well as the first side frame and the first side gap; the first feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the bottom gap and the first side gap; The second antenna includes the upper frame, the top gap, and the second feed point, wherein the second feed point is disposed on the upper frame; The first antenna switching switch is connected to the first antenna and the second antenna, and the first antenna switching switch is used to select one of the first antenna and the second antenna according to the antenna signal quality. The plurality of tuning switches include at least one first tuning switch connected to the bottom frame and at least one second tuning switch connected to the first side frame; the first tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the bottom gap, and the second tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the first side gap; the first tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect, and the second tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect.

10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, If the first tuning switch is off and the second tuning switch is on, the lower frame is energized to radiate outwards; if the first tuning switch is on and the second tuning switch is off, the first side frame is energized to radiate outwards.

11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The second side frame has at least one second side gap; it also includes: a third antenna, the third antenna including the second side frame, the second side gap and a third feed point, the third feed point being disposed on the second side frame; The first antenna switching switch is also connected to the third antenna, specifically used to select the antenna with the best signal quality from the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

12. An electronic device comprising a multi-antenna system, characterized in that, The housing of the electronic device has a peripheral conductive structure, which includes an upper frame, a lower frame, a first side frame, and a second side frame; the upper frame has a top gap, the lower frame has at least one bottom gap, the first side frame has at least one first side gap, and the second side frame has at least one second side gap; the multi-antenna system includes: a first antenna, a second antenna, a first antenna switching switch, and multiple tuning switches; wherein... The first antenna includes the lower frame, the bottom gap, and the first feed point, as well as the first side frame and the first side gap; the first feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the bottom gap and the first side gap; The second antenna includes the upper frame, the top gap and the second feed point, as well as the second side frame and the second side gap, wherein the second feed point is disposed on the peripheral conductive structure between the top gap and the second side gap; The first antenna switching switch is connected to the first antenna and the second antenna, and the first antenna switching switch is used to select one of the first antenna and the second antenna according to the antenna signal quality. The plurality of tuning switches includes at least one first tuning switch connected to the lower frame, at least one second tuning switch connected to the first side frame, at least one third tuning switch connected to the upper frame, and at least one fourth tuning switch connected to the second side frame; the first tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the bottom gap, the second tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the first side gap, the third tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the top gap, and the fourth tuning switch is disposed on one or both sides of the second side gap; the first tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect, the second tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect, the third tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect, and the fourth tuning switch is used to selectively disconnect or connect.

13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, If the first tuning switch is off and the second tuning switch is on, the lower frame is energized to radiate outwards; if the first tuning switch is on and the second tuning switch is off, the first side frame is energized to radiate outwards.

14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, If the third tuning switch is off and the fourth tuning switch is on, the upper frame is energized to radiate outwards; if the third tuning switch is on and the fourth tuning switch is off, the second side frame is energized to radiate outwards.

15. An antenna switching method for an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a housing, a display screen, a first SAR sensor, a second SAR sensor, and a motion sensor, characterized in that, The housing has an external conductive structure, which includes an upper frame, a lower frame, and a side frame; the upper frame has a top gap, the lower frame has a bottom gap, and the side frame has a side gap; the first SAR sensor is disposed on the top of the electronic device, and the second SAR sensor is disposed on the bottom of the electronic device; the electronic device also has a top antenna group distributed on the top of the electronic device, a bottom antenna group distributed on the bottom of the electronic device, and a middle antenna group distributed in the middle of the electronic device; The method includes: If the display screen is in a screen-off state, the electronic device selects the bottom antenna group as the first antenna group; If the display screen is on, the electronic device determines the current scene through the first SAR sensor, the second SAR sensor, and the motion sensor, and selects the first antenna group from the top antenna group, the bottom antenna group, and the middle antenna group according to the current scene. The electronic device switches antennas in the first antenna group according to signal quality; The current scenario includes any one of the following: a user holding the bottom of the electronic device in portrait mode, a user holding the top of the electronic device in portrait mode, a user holding the middle of the electronic device in portrait mode, a user holding the bottom of the electronic device in landscape mode, a user holding the top of the electronic device in landscape mode, a user holding both the top and bottom of the electronic device in landscape mode, and a user holding the middle of the electronic device in landscape mode.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The electronic device switches antennas in the first antenna group according to signal quality, specifically including: the electronic device selects the antenna with the best signal quality in the first antenna group.

17. The method as described in claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The step of selecting the first antenna group from the top antenna group, bottom antenna group, and middle antenna group based on the current scenario specifically includes: If the current scenario is that the user is holding the bottom of the electronic device in portrait mode or the user is holding the bottom of the electronic device in landscape mode, then the electronic device selects the top antenna group as the first antenna group. or, If the current scenario is that the user is holding the top of the electronic device in portrait mode or the user is holding the top of the electronic device in landscape mode, then the electronic device selects the bottom antenna group as the first antenna group. or, If the current scenario is that the user is holding the electronic device horizontally with their hand at the top and bottom, then the electronic device selects the central antenna group as the first antenna group.

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