Method for improving pomelo fruit bearing rate and reducing fruit cracking rate
By using pollen screening and emasculation techniques for kumquat and pomelo, the fruit setting rate of Yuhuan pomelos has been improved and the fruit cracking rate has been reduced. This has solved the problems of high pollen consumption, high cost, inconsistent quality and low fruit setting rate in existing technologies, and has achieved efficient and low-cost fruit production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610485518.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing cross-pollination techniques for Yuhuan pomelos result in high pollen consumption, high costs, inconsistent fruit quality, low fruit set rate, high fruit cracking rate, and prolonged pollination time and high labor costs due to the uneven flowering period.
The pollen screening and preparation of kumquat and pomelo were carried out. Healthy flower buds were selected and emasculated. After pollination, the flowers were bagged and managed in combination with conventional orchard management to ensure pollen viability and pollination effect.
It significantly reduces pollen consumption, increases fruit set rate to 81.97%, reduces fruit cracking rate to 0%, stabilizes fruit quality, and reduces labor costs and time requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN122030255A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit pollination technology, specifically a method for improving the fruit setting rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos. Background Technology
[0002] Yuhuan pomelos are known for their high quality and excellent price, reaching as high as 12 yuan per kilogram. With a yield of tens of thousands of kilograms per mu (approximately 667 square meters), they are very profitable. However, Yuhuan pomelos have a low natural fruit set rate, a high rate of fruit cracking, and a low marketable fruit rate. Therefore, fruit farmers and agricultural technicians have developed cross-pollination techniques to improve the fruit set rate, reduce the fruit cracking rate, and increase the marketable fruit rate.
[0003] However, the commonly used cross-pollination technique has several drawbacks: ① It consumes a lot of pollen, costing over 20,000 yuan for a 50-mu orchard; ② Current techniques use mixed pollen, resulting in mixed paternal genetic backgrounds and inconsistent fruit quality; ③ Crucially, current techniques have a low fruit set rate of only about 35% and a high fruit cracking rate of up to 16%, meaning that pollinating 250 flowers only yields 60 marketable fruits; ④ Pomelo blossoms are not particularly concentrated, with a flowering period of about one month. Currently, pollination is done according to the batch of flowers, which takes too long. However, flowers that bloom earlier are generally of better quality, and the fruit set rate of later-blooming flowers cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, the labor cost for pollination is too high.
[0004] Therefore, we propose a method to improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the fruit cracking rate of pomelos. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the fruit setting rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving the fruit setting rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Pollen screening and preparation: Collect plump, unopened flower buds of kumquat and pomelo, remove the petals and take out the anthers, air dry them naturally, sieve to remove impurities to obtain single pollen, seal and refrigerate for later use, test the pollen viability before use, and screen pollen with viability ≥85%; Step 2: Flower bud selection: Before the pomelo flowers open, select healthy, plump flower buds free from pests and diseases as pollination targets, and remove weak and deformed flower buds. Step 3: Emasculation: Remove the stamens and petals from the selected flower buds, leaving only the pistil and sepals. Avoid damaging the stigma of the pistil during the process. Step 4: Pollination: Performed on a sunny morning. Use a sterile cotton swab to pick up the pollen prepared in step (1) and gently touch the stigma of the emasculated flower bud to make the pollen adhere evenly. Step 5: Bagging treatment: Immediately after pollination, cover the flower buds with breathable kraft paper bags and tie them tightly, and tie red ribbons to the branches to mark them; Step 6: Paper bag removal: 3 days after pollination, remove the paper bag and remove the pale yellow unpollinated young fruit; Step 7: Subsequent management: Fertilize, water and control pests and diseases according to the usual orchard practices.
[0007] Preferably, in step 1, pollen is sieved using a 100-120 mesh sieve, and the refrigeration temperature is 4 ℃.
[0008] Preferably, in step 2, each pomelo tree retains 200-400 flower buds.
[0009] Preferably, in step 4, the pollination time is between 8 and 10 a.m., and each time pollination is performed, 2-4 flowers can be pollinated.
[0010] Preferably, in step 5, the dimensions of the kraft paper breathable bag are 16-18 cm in length and 12-14 cm in width.
[0011] Preferably, in step 1, pollen viability is detected by in vitro culture. The culture conditions are: 20 g / L agar + 100 g / L sucrose + 200 mg / L boric acid + 200 mg / L calcium chloride, cultured at 25 ℃ for 4 h. The pollen germination rate is calculated as: (number of germinated pollen grains / total number of pollen grains) × 100%.
[0012] Preferably, the pomelos include Yuhuan pomelos and early Yuhuan pomelos.
[0013] Preferably, in step 3, the stamens and petals are removed manually while wearing gloves or by using sterile tweezers.
[0014] This invention provides a method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos. This method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention consumes less than 1 / 5 of the pollen required daily, which greatly reduces the cost.
[0015] (2) The present invention screens out excellent single hybrid pollen with simple genetic background and excellent fruit quality, which is conducive to the stability of fruit quality.
[0016] (3) No one has ever used the hybridization of kumquat and pomelo to reduce pomelo cracking before. This combination has a high fruit setting rate and a cracking rate of 0, which greatly improves the commercial fruit rate.
[0017] (4) This invention uses kumquat and pomelo pollen, which has a high fruit setting rate. Only the first two batches of pollen need to be applied, which reduces labor costs. In addition, the quality of the flowers is high, and the fruit setting rate is more guaranteed. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of pollination after emasculation according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of bagging after pollination according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0020] Example 1: This example was conducted at the Wendan pomelo plantation of Baiyun Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative in Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province. The plantation covers an area of 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres) and is planted with Yuhuan Wendan and Early Yuhuan Wendan varieties. The trees are 10 years old and have uniform growth.
[0021] (1) Pollen screening and preparation: During the peak flowering period of kumquat and pomelo, mature flowers were collected, petals and sepals were removed, and anthers were extracted. The anthers were laid flat on clean white paper and allowed to air dry naturally in a cool, ventilated place. After the anthers dehisced and released pollen, the pollen was collected and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to remove impurities, obtaining pure kumquat and pomelo single pollen. The pollen was sealed and stored in a refrigerated environment at 5℃ for later use. Before pollination, pollen viability was determined according to the aforementioned method to ensure that the viability was ≥85%.
[0022] (2) Selection and emasculation of flower buds: Before the pomelo flowers of Yuhuan open, select healthy, plump flower buds free from pests and diseases as pollination targets, retaining 200-400 buds per tree and removing weak or deformed flower buds. Carefully remove the stamens and petals of the selected flower buds while wearing gloves, leaving only the pistil and calyx, avoiding damage to the stigma of the pistil during the operation.
[0023] (3) Pollination operation: such as Figure 1 As shown, at 9:00 AM on a sunny day, take out the refrigerated kumquat and pomelo pollen, dip a small amount of pollen into a sterile cotton swab, and gently touch the stigma of the demasked flower bud to ensure the pollen adheres evenly. Each time pollen is applied, pollinate 3 flowers.
[0024] (4) Bagging treatment: such as Figure 2 As shown, immediately after pollination, cover the pollinated flower buds with a breathable kraft paper bag measuring 18 cm long and 12 cm wide, tie the bag tightly, and mark the bagged branch with a red ribbon. Bagging can reduce the impact of adverse weather conditions such as rain during the flowering period on the pollination success rate.
[0025] (5) Paper bag removal and initial inspection: 3 days after pollination, remove the paper bag and observe the development of the flower buds. Remove the pale yellow flower buds that have not been successfully pollinated.
[0026] (6) Subsequent management and data statistics: After pollination, manage according to routine procedures. After the second physiological fruit drop in June, count the number of fruits. A total of 122 flower buds were pollinated this time, and 100 fruits were borne, with a fruit bearing rate of 81.97%. At the end of October, the number of cracked fruits was 0, with a cracking rate of 0.00%.
[0027] Example 2: This example was conducted at the Jinsheng Family Farm Pomelo Plantation in Huangyan District, Taizhou City. The plantation covers an area of 50 mu and the varieties planted are Yuhuan Pomelo and Early Yuhuan Pomelo, with the trees being 8 years old.
[0028] (1) Pollen screening and preparation: The pollen source was kumquat and pomelo. The sieve mesh size was 120 mesh, and the storage temperature was 4 ℃. The rest was the same as in Example 1.
[0029] (2) Selection of flower buds and emasculation: 200-400 flower buds are retained per tree; sterile tweezers are used instead of gloves when emasculating, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0030] (3) Pollination operation: The pollination time is 10:00 am on a sunny day. Each time pollination is carried out, 4 flowers are pollinated.
[0031] (4) Bag treatment: The paper bag is 16 cm long and 13 cm wide, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0032] (5) Paper bag removal and preliminary inspection: Same as in Example 1.
[0033] (6) Subsequent management and data statistics: A total of 214 flower buds were pollinated, and 176 fruits were borne in June, with a fruit setting rate of 82.0%; 0 fruits cracked by the end of October, with a cracking rate of 0.00%.
[0034] Example 3: This example was conducted at the Gaojiazhuang Wendan Pomelo Plantation in Yuhuan City. The plantation covers an area of 60 mu and the planted variety is Early Yuwen Pomelo, with trees aged 5 years.
[0035] (1) Pollen screening and preparation: The pollen source was kumquat and pomelo. The sieve mesh size was 110 mesh, and the storage temperature was 4℃. The rest was the same as in Example 1.
[0036] (2) Selection and emasculation of flower buds: Same as in Example 1.
[0037] (3) Pollination operation: The pollination time is 8:00 am on a sunny day. Each time pollination is carried out, 3 flowers are pollinated.
[0038] (4) Bag treatment: The paper bag is 17 cm long and 14 cm wide, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.
[0039] (5) Paper bag removal and preliminary inspection: Same as in Example 1.
[0040] (6) Subsequent management and data statistics: A total of 312 flower buds were pollinated, and 250 fruits were borne in June, with a fruit setting rate of 80.0%; 0 fruits cracked by the end of October, with a cracking rate of 0.00%.
[0041] Comparative experiment: Ten different pollination combinations were conducted. The fruit setting rate of all ten pollination combinations was higher than that of farmers' operations. The fruit setting rate of kumquat honey pomelo, Dongshi early and Guanxi yellow flesh varieties was higher than 60%. Among them, the kumquat honey pomelo hybrid had 61 flowers and 50 fruits, with a fruit setting rate of 81.97%, which was excellent. The specific hybridization combinations and fruit setting rates are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Comparison of fruit quantity and fruit set rate under different pollination combinations
[0042] Table 2 Comparison of the number and rate of cracked fruits under different pollination combinations
[0043] Furthermore, as shown in Table 2, after the fruit cracking process ended, the number of cracked fruits was counted, and it was found that none of the kumquat and pomelo fruits that had set were cracked, with a cracking rate of 0%, which was much lower than other treatments.
[0044] The above description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the overall application described above. Each technical feature described in the specification can be used individually or in combination as needed. Therefore, the present invention naturally covers other combinations and specific applications related to the inventive points of this case.
Claims
1. A method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pollen screening and preparation: Select pollen from cross-flowered varieties, collect, dry and sieve to obtain pure single pollen, and store it at low temperature for later use. Before pollination, test the pollen viability and select pollen with viability of more than 85%. (2) Selection of flower buds and removal of stamens: Before the pomelo flowers open, select plump flower buds free from pests and diseases, remove their stamens and petals, and retain the pistil and calyx. (3) Pollination operation: Use a sterile cotton swab to take a small amount of single pollen obtained in step (1) and gently touch the stigma of the flower bud after emasculation in step (2) so that the pollen is evenly attached. (4) Bagging treatment: Immediately after pollination, cover the flower buds with breathable paper bags and mark them; (5) Paper bag removal and initial inspection: Remove the paper bag 3 days after pollination, observe the development of young fruit, and remove the pale yellow young fruit that has not been successfully pollinated; (6) Subsequent management and data statistics: After pollination, fertilize, water and control pests and diseases according to routine management. The fruit set rate was calculated after the second physiological fruit drop, and the fruit cracking rate was calculated at the end of October.
2. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollen mentioned in step (1) is pollen from a single variety of kumquat, pomelo, Dongshizao, or Guanxi yellow-fleshed fruit.
3. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), pollen viability was detected using in vitro pollen culture. The culture medium consisted of 20 g / L agar, 100 g / L sucrose, 200 mg / L boric acid, and 200 mg / L calcium chloride. The culture temperature was 25°C and the culture time was 4 hours.
4. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the pollen is stored at a temperature of 4°C to -20°C.
5. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wear gloves or use sterile forceps when performing emasculation in step (2) to avoid damaging the stigma of the pistil.
6. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the pollination time is from 8:00 to 10:00 am on a sunny day, and each time pollination is carried out, 2-4 flowers are pollinated.
7. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paper bag mentioned in step (4) is a kraft paper breathable paper bag with a length of 16-18 cm and a width of 12-14 cm, and the bag opening is tied tightly.
8. The method for improving the fruit-bearing rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate of pomelos according to claim 1, characterized in that, Young fruits that fail to be pollinated in step (5) are pale yellow and should be removed promptly.