Multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirring reactor capable of separating inlet air and use method of multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirring reactor

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirring reactor capable of separating inlet gas and a use method, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirring reactor is characterized in that a gas chamber flange and a gas chamber base are oppositely arranged to form a gas chamber, a gas outlet of a fuel path and an inner tube carrier gas path are communicated with the gas chamber through the gas chamber flange, and the gas chamber is communicated with a quartz gas inlet inner tube; the oxygen path and the outer tube carrier gas path are both communicated with a quartz gas inlet outer tube through a four-way valve, and the quartz gas inlet outer tube is fixedly connected with the quartz jet stirring reactor main body; enabling the quartz air inlet inner pipe to pass through the four-way valve and the inner diameter of the quartz air inlet outer pipe, and enabling the quartz air inlet inner pipe to be flush with the outer wall of the quartz jet stirring reactor main body; the oxygen path and the outer tube carrier gas path are communicated with the quartz gas inlet outer tube through the four-way valve, the quartz gas inlet outer tube is fixedly connected with the quartz jet stirring reactor main body, and the quartz exhaust tube is connected with the quartz jet stirring reactor main body; the pressure-bearing shell sleeves the outer side of the quartz jet stirring reactor main body. Through concentric inner and outer double pipes, experimental errors are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combustion experimental system technology, specifically to a multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor with separate intake air and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] A jet-stirred reactor is an experimental apparatus specifically designed for studying gaseous phase chemical reactions. It injects reactants into the reactor through a first nozzle, forming a jet that homogenizes the gases within the reactor, thus simulating ideal stirring conditions. This design allows for a uniform distribution of reactants and products within the reactor, creating near-homogeneous reaction conditions. Jet-stirred reactors offer precise control over inlet conditions, facilitate sampling, and are easy to simulate, making them ideal for studying complex chemical processes. Combined with appropriate sampling equipment, the concentrations of reaction components can be obtained. Therefore, jet-stirred reactors have wide applications in chemical engineering and environmental science, such as combustion chemistry, pollution control, and materials synthesis.

[0003] To avoid catalytic reactions on the reactor walls interfering with the gas-phase reaction process, and to meet the processing requirements of the reactor's complex internal structure, jet-stirred reactors are typically made of quartz. However, quartz is brittle and easily damaged under uneven stress, making it difficult to conduct research under high pressure. Therefore, a dual-chamber structure is required, with a metal outer shell serving as the pressure-bearing outer chamber, and the jet-stirred reactor placed inside to form the inner chamber. During experiments, the inner chamber is filled with the experimental mixture, while the outer chamber is filled with an inert gas. Utilizing the principle of internal and external pressure balance, the quartz does not directly bear the pressure. To ensure experimental accuracy, the jet-stirred reactor must ensure that the concentration of the mixed gas at the inlet is highly consistent with the set value. The patent "A High-Pressure Chemical Reaction Device with a Pressure Balance System" uses the above method to achieve the use of a jet-stirred reactor under high pressure. However, this design has drawbacks: the reactor front end generally needs to be connected to an inlet pipe extending the mixed gas inlet beyond the double-layered chamber. To ensure uniform temperature of the mixed gas entering the reactor, the part connecting the sample inlet pipe to the reactor also needs to be preheated. At higher heating temperatures, since the fuel and oxidant are already mixed, the mixed gas may react in the inlet tube before entering the reactor, causing changes in the reactor inlet composition and further leading to deviations from the experimental design in the experimental conditions and sampling results. Traditional atmospheric pressure reactors use a design with two separate inlets for fuel and oxidant, but the difficult-to-adjust positions within the high-pressure dual-chamber environment make the quartz reactor highly susceptible to damage during installation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this specification provide a multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor for separating the intake air and its usage method. This achieves a high-pressure jet stirred reactor system structure that can separate fuel and oxidant at the inlet section under high pressure, thereby avoiding experimental errors caused by premature reaction of the gas mixture in the intake pipe and improving the accuracy of experimental results.

[0005] The embodiments in this specification provide the following technical solutions: A multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor with separate intake air, comprising: Gas chamber flange, gas chamber base, four-way valve, quartz inlet inner tube, quartz jet stirred reactor body, quartz exhaust pipe and pressure-bearing outer shell; The gas chamber flange and the gas chamber base are arranged opposite each other to form a gas chamber. The gas outlet of the fuel passage and the gas outlet of the inner tube carrier gas passage are both connected to the gas inlet of the gas chamber through the gas chamber flange. The gas outlet of the gas chamber is connected to the gas inlet of the quartz inlet inner tube. Both the oxygen path and the external carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe through a four-way valve, and the outlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body. The air chamber base is connected to the four-way valve. After the quartz air inlet inner tube passes through the inner diameter of the four-way valve and the quartz air inlet outer tube, the other end of the quartz air inlet inner tube is flush with the outer wall of the quartz jet stirring reactor body. Both the oxygen path and the external carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe through a four-way valve. The outlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body. The quartz exhaust pipe is connected to the outlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body and discharges the reaction products through the quartz exhaust pipe. The pressure-bearing outer shell is fitted onto the outside of the main body of the quartz jet stirred reactor.

[0006] Furthermore, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a flow meter assembly and a pressure-bearing outer shell inlet; The pressure-bearing shell inlet is located on the pressure-bearing shell; The flow meter group includes a first flow meter A1 installed at the fuel line inlet, a second flow meter B1 installed at the oxygen line, a third flow meter A2 installed at the inner tube carrier gas line, a fourth flow meter B2 installed at the outer tube carrier gas line inlet, and a fifth flow meter C installed at the pressure shell inlet. Inert hydrogen is injected into the pressure vessel through the pressure vessel inlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a support block and thermocouple mounting holes; The support block is set on the side of the quartz air inlet outer pipe facing the main body of the quartz jet stirred reactor, and the radial direction of the quartz air inlet inner pipe is limited by the support block; One end of the thermocouple mounting hole is connected to the outer wall of the quartz inlet tube, and the other end is connected to the center of the sphere of the quartz jet stirred reactor body.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a sealing flange and a graphite gasket; The sealing flange presses against the graphite gasket, and the sealing flange and graphite gasket seal and fix the quartz inlet inner tube to the air chamber base.

[0009] A method for using a multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor, the method based on adjusting the flow rates of the fuel line, oxygen line, inner tube carrier gas line, and outer tube carrier gas line of the multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor to achieve the experimental objective of the gas phase chemical reaction, including the following steps: The theoretical oxygen number of the fuel is calculated based on its chemical composition. S； Set the target reaction pressure P, target reaction temperature T, and target residence time τ for the gas phase chemical reaction; The target reaction pressure P, target reaction temperature T, target residence time τ, and effective volume of the quartz jet stirred reactor body are used to determine these parameters. Calculate the total intake volume flow rate under standard conditions. ; The intake mole fraction of a given fuel was determined based on the experimental conditions. and fuel equivalence ratio Through total intake volume flow rate Intake mole fraction and fuel equivalence ratio Calculated fuel flow rate Oxygen flow rate and total carrier gas flow ; Set the flow rate ratio between the inner and outer pipe outlets according to the type of fuel. ; The ratio of the outlet velocity of the inner and outer pipes and total carrier gas flow The total target flow rate of the quartz inlet pipe was calculated separately. Total target flow rate of the outer pipe of the quartz intake outer pipe ; Through the total target flow of internal management Total target flow rate of external management Fuel flow rate and oxygen flow The fuel flow rate of the fuel path corresponding to the first flow meter A1 was calculated separately. The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit corresponding to the second flow meter B1. The flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path corresponding to the third flow meter A2 The flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path corresponding to the fourth flow meter B2 ; Turn on the first flow meter A1, the second flow meter B1, the third flow meter A2, the fourth flow meter B2 and the fifth flow meter C, and use the automatic control system to adjust the flow rate of the fifth flow meter C so that the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the pressure-bearing shell and the internal pressure of the quartz jet stirred reactor body is within the set pressure difference range. Adjust the flow rate of the fuel line to the fuel flow rate. Adjust the oxygen flow rate to the oxygen flow rate. Adjust the flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path to the flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path. Adjust the flow rate of the external carrier gas path to the desired level. This allows the gas phase chemical reaction in the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor to achieve the experimental objective.

[0010] Furthermore, by the ratio of the outlet velocities of the inner and outer pipes... and total carrier gas flow The total target flow rate of the quartz inlet pipe was calculated separately. Total target flow rate of the outer pipe of the quartz intake outer pipe ,include: Calculate the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap in the outer tube. ,in, The cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube is... This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer tube. The ratio of the outlet velocity of the inner and outer pipes and the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the outer tube annulus. Calculate the target flow allocation ratio ,in, ; Based on the target flow allocation ratio Calculate the total target flow rate of the inner pipe separately. and the total target flow of external pipes ,in, , .

[0011] Furthermore, through the total intake volume flow rate Intake mole fraction and fuel equivalence ratio Calculated fuel flow rate Oxygen flow rate and total carrier gas flow ,include: By total intake volume flow rate and intake mole fraction Calculated fuel flow rate ,in, ; By equivalence ratio and fuel flow Calculated oxygen flow rate ,in, , S This is the theoretical oxygen number; fuel flow Oxygen flow rate Total intake volume flow rate The total carrier gas flow rate was calculated, where, .

[0012] Furthermore, the flow rate ratio between the inner and outer pipe outlets is set according to the type of fuel. ,include: When the fuel is gaseous, the ratio of the outlet velocities of the inner and outer pipes will be... Set to 1; Set a minimum flow rate ratio and a maximum flow rate ratio, wherein the minimum flow rate ratio is greater than 1; When the fuel is liquid, the ratio of the outlet velocities of the inner and outer pipes will be... Set to a value between the minimum flow rate ratio and the maximum flow rate ratio.

[0013] Furthermore, through the internal management of the total target flow Total target flow rate of external management Fuel flow rate and oxygen flow The fuel flow rate of the fuel path corresponding to the first flow meter A1 was calculated separately. The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit corresponding to the second flow meter B1. The flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path corresponding to the third flow meter A2 The flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path corresponding to the fourth flow meter B2 ,include: Fuel flow rate in the fuel path Set to fuel flow ; The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit Set to oxygen flow rate ; Total target flow of internal management With fuel flow The difference is used as the inner tube carrier gas path

[0014] The total target flow of external management With oxygen flow The difference is used as the flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path. .

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: The real-time temperature and pressure inside the main body of the quartz jet stirred reactor are obtained, and the real-time concentration of at least one target component in the main body of the quartz jet stirred reactor is collected. Based on the set target reaction temperature, target reaction pressure, and target component concentration, calculate the temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation respectively. The temperature deviation is the difference between the real-time temperature and the target reaction temperature, the pressure deviation is the difference between the real-time pressure and the target reaction pressure, and the concentration deviation is the difference between the real-time concentration and the target component concentration. Based on temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation, the control algorithm calculates the correction values ​​for fuel flow rate, oxygen flow rate, inner pipe carrier gas flow rate, and outer pipe carrier gas flow rate, respectively. ,in, i It is one of the following: fuel, oxygen, inner tube carrier gas, and outer tube carrier gas. For channel i Deviation signal, deviation signal It is a weighted combination of temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation. , , Channels i The proportional, integral, and differential coefficients; Based on the initially set fuel flow rate, oxygen flow rate, inner tube carrier gas flow rate, and outer tube carrier gas flow rate, the four inlet flow rates of the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor are adjusted in real time. The adjusted fuel flow rate is the sum of the fuel flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted oxygen flow rate is the sum of the oxygen flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted inner tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the inner tube carrier gas flow rate and the inner tube carrier gas flow rate correction value; and the adjusted outer tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the outer tube carrier gas flow rate and the outer tube carrier gas flow rate correction value.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve include at least: The jet-stirred reactor is placed inside a metal shell, and the gas inflow and outflow are controlled by a flow meter to ensure pressure balance inside and outside the reactor, making the quartz reactor suitable for high-pressure reaction conditions. The reactor inlet pipe is divided into concentric inner and outer pipes. The inner pipe supplies fuel gas and carrier gas, while the outer pipe supplies oxidant and carrier gas, thus separating the oxidant and fuel gas and avoiding experimental errors caused by premature reaction of the mixed gas in the inlet pipe under high-temperature conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor with separate air intake according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the experimental results of high-pressure oxidation of methane at 24 atm using a mixed gas intake and a separate gas intake according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Gas chamber flange; 2. Gas chamber base; 3. Sealing flange; 4. Graphite gasket; 5. Four-way valve; 6. Four-way valve plug; 7. Quartz inlet inner pipe; 8. Quartz inlet outer pipe; 9. Support block; 10. Thermocouple mounting hole; 11. Quartz jet stirred reactor body; 12. Exhaust pipe; 13. Pressure shell inlet; 14. Pressure shell. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an experimental apparatus for a jet-stirred reactor used for experiments under high pressure conditions includes several parts such as a quartz inlet inner tube 7, a gas chamber, a pressure-bearing outer shell 14, a four-way valve 5, and a quartz jet-stirred reactor body 11.

[0023] The gas chamber flange 1 and the gas chamber base 2 are arranged opposite to each other to form a gas chamber. The gas outlet of the fuel passage and the gas outlet of the inner tube carrier gas passage are both connected to the gas inlet of the gas chamber through the gas chamber flange 1. The gas outlet of the gas chamber is connected to the gas inlet of the quartz inlet inner tube 7. Both the oxygen path and the external carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe 8 through a four-way valve 5. The outlet end of the quartz inlet external pipe 8 is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11. The air chamber base 2 is connected to the four-way valve 5. After the quartz air inlet inner tube 7 passes through the inner diameter of the four-way valve 5 and the quartz air inlet outer tube 8, the other end of the quartz air inlet inner tube 7 is flush with the outer wall of the quartz jet stirring reactor body 11. Both the oxygen path and the outer tube carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube 8 through the four-way valve 5. The outlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube 8 is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11. The quartz exhaust pipe 12 is connected to the outlet end of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11, and the reaction products are discharged through the quartz exhaust pipe 12. The pressure-bearing outer shell 14 is fitted on the outside of the main body 11 of the quartz jet stirred reactor.

[0024] Specifically, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a flow meter assembly and a pressure-bearing shell inlet 13; The pressure-bearing housing inlet 13 is provided on the pressure-bearing housing 14; The flow meter group includes a first flow meter A1 installed at the fuel line inlet, a second flow meter B1 installed at the oxygen line, a third flow meter A2 installed at the inner tube carrier gas line, a fourth flow meter B2 installed at the outer tube carrier gas line inlet, and a fifth flow meter C installed at the pressure shell inlet 13. Inert hydrogen is injected into the pressure shell 14 through the pressure shell inlet 13.

[0025] Specifically, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a support block 9 and a thermocouple mounting hole 10; The support block 9 is located on the side of the quartz air inlet outer pipe 8 facing the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11, and the radial direction of the quartz air inlet inner pipe 7 is limited by the support block 9. One end of the thermocouple mounting hole 10 is connected to the outer wall of the quartz inlet pipe 8, and the other end is connected to the center of the sphere of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11.

[0026] Specifically, the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a sealing flange 3 and a graphite gasket 4; The sealing flange 3 presses against the graphite gasket 4, and the sealing flange 3 and the graphite gasket 4 seal and fix the quartz air inlet tube 7 to the air chamber base 2.

[0027] A through hole is provided at the center of the gas chamber flange 1. The through hole is connected to the first flow meter A1 of the reactants and the third flow meter A2 of the carrier gas via a multi-port connector, serving as one gas inlet. The entire assembly (the gas chamber flange 1 and the multi-port connector) is connected to the gas chamber base 2 with bolts, and a sealed gas chamber is formed by a sealing flange 3. The gas chamber is used to mix the multiple gases evenly and then introduce them into the quartz inlet inner tube 7. During installation, the quartz inlet inner tube 7 is first inserted into the gas chamber base 2, and the graphite gasket 4 is pressed and fixed using the sealing flange 3. Then, the gas chamber flange 1 is fixed to the gas chamber base 2 with bolts.

[0028] The right side of the air chamber base 2 has a raised structure that connects and seals to the four-way valve 5 via threads or a ferrule. If the quartz inlet inner tube 7 is long, a stainless steel tube can be added between the air chamber base 2 and the four-way valve 5, and the quartz inlet inner tube 7 can be placed inside to bear pressure and extend the axial installation distance.

[0029] The upper side of the four-way valve is connected to the second flow meter B1 for reactants and the fourth flow meter B2 for carrier gas via a connecting pipe, serving as the second gas inlet. Gas flowing in from the second gas inlet can directly enter the quartz inlet outer pipe 8 without passing through the quartz inlet inner pipe 7. The lower side of the four-way valve 5 is sealed by the four-way valve plug 6. When not conducting experiments, the integrity of the quartz inlet inner pipe 7 can be checked by removing the four-way valve plug 6, thus avoiding the need to disassemble the entire experimental system.

[0030] One end (inlet end) of the quartz inlet tube 7 is connected to the gas chamber base 2, and the entire tube is housed within a stainless steel cavity. The outlet end of the quartz inlet tube 7 is essentially flush with the outer side of the sphere of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11, ensuring that the mixed gas in the quartz inlet tube 7 and the mixed gas in the quartz inlet tube 8 only mixes upon entering the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11. Because the residence time of the mixed gas at this point is extremely short, premature reaction can be avoided.

[0031] The quartz inlet outer tube 8 is directly fired into a unified whole with the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11, and a protruding support block 9 is fired inside it near the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11. When the quartz inlet inner tube 7 is placed inside the quartz inlet outer tube 8, the support block 9 can be used to limit the radial direction, so as to prevent the quartz inlet outer tube 8 from oscillating or becoming unstable due to fluctuations in the air flow rate, which would cause structural damage.

[0032] Thermocouple mounting hole 10 is sintered and connected inside the quartz reactor body and the quartz inlet outer tube 8, forming a separate short cavity. One end of the cavity is connected to the outer wall of the quartz inlet outer tube 8, and the other end is connected to the center of the sphere of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11. A filamentary high-response thermocouple can be inserted through the thermocouple mounting hole 10, with its temperature measuring end directly inserted from the outer cavity into the center of the sphere of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 to accurately measure the reaction temperature in the reactor.

[0033] The main body 11 of the quartz jet stirred reactor is placed inside the pressure-bearing outer shell 14. The reactants flowing in through the inner tube and the quartz inlet outer tube are jetted into the reactor through the multi-directional nozzles fired inside, where they are completely mixed and react. Subsequently, the reaction products are discharged through the quartz exhaust pipe 12 and transported through the connecting parts to reaction product detection equipment such as gas chromatography or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative detection.

[0034] The pressure-bearing outer shell 14 is manufactured using a high-temperature alloy and has a pressure-bearing outer shell inlet 13, which is connected to an external fifth flow meter C via a connector. This inlet is used to fill the pressure chamber with inert gases such as nitrogen or argon. By monitoring the internal pressure of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 and adjusting the gas input flow rate of the fifth flow meter C in conjunction with the automatic control system, inert hydrogen is continuously added to the pressure-bearing outer shell 14, maintaining a basic balance between the internal and external pressures of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 until the set reaction pressure is reached and maintained. This prevents damage to the quartz reactor due to excessive pressure.

[0035] By further incorporating an inlet chamber within the inlet tube, dividing it into inner and outer layers, the fuel and oxidant gases are separated before entering the reactor, thus preventing premature reaction. Combined with flow control, pressure balance is maintained, ensuring reliable experimental results. Simultaneously, the flow shear effect of the inner and outer inlet tubes enhances the mixing uniformity of the gas mixture before inlet. When using liquid fuel, further evaporation can be performed to ensure complete vaporization.

[0036] The core idea of ​​the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor usage method in this invention lies in achieving joint control of the equivalence ratio, component concentration, residence time, and outlet flow field by accurately calculating the flow rates of four gas streams (A1, A2, B1, B2). The specific steps are as follows: For any fuel molecular formula The chemical equation for its complete combustion in pure oxygen is as follows:

[0037] Where S is the theoretical number of moles of oxygen required for the complete reaction of one mole of fuel, and the calculation formula is:

[0038] Based on the target reaction pressure P, target reaction temperature T, and target residence time τ set in the experiment, combined with the effective volume of the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 Calculate the total intake volume flow rate under standard conditions. :

[0039] (in (Standard atmospheric pressure is 101325 Pa).

[0040] The experimental operating conditions typically specify the intake mole fraction of the fuel. (e.g., 1% or 3000 ppm) and fuel equivalent ratio Based on this, the flow rates of each component are calculated: Fuel flow rate ( ): Determined directly by the set concentration. .

[0041] Oxygen flow rate ( According to the theoretical oxygen number S Equivalent ratio Sure, .

[0042] Total carrier gas flow rate ( The system margin is entirely made up by carrier gas, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0043] To ensure the stability of the flow field at the outlet of the quartz inlet inner tube 7 or to meet specific shear requirements, the carrier gas distribution needs to be adjusted to achieve a specific ratio between the flow velocities of the inner and outer tubes. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube is set as... The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the outer tube annulus is Define the ratio of the outflow velocities at the inner and outer pipe outlets as... ( Then the target flow allocation ratio between the internal and external pipes) for:

[0044] Therefore, we can conclude that: Total target flow rate of internal pipe:

[0045] Total target flow rate of external pipeline:

[0046] Under typical operating conditions where fuel enters from the inner pipe (first flow meter A1) and oxygen enters from the outer pipe (second flow meter B1), the setpoints for the four flow meters are as follows: First flow meter A1 (fuel path):

[0047] Second flow meter B1 (oxygen circuit):

[0048] Third flow meter A2 (inner tube carrier gas path):

[0049] Fourth flow meter B2 (outer pipe carrier gas path):

[0050] Gaseous fuel experiment: K=1 is set. At this time, the flow velocities at the inner tube outlet and the outer tube outlet are equal, which can eliminate the velocity gradient at the outlet, avoid reactant backflow caused by dynamic pressure difference, ensure the uniformity of mixing intensity in the reactor, and satisfy the assumptions of the ideal stirred tank model.

[0051] Liquid fuel experiment: Set K>1 (usually taken as 1.2) 2.0). At this point, the flow velocity in the inner tube is greater than that in the outer tube, creating a strong shear flow pattern at the outlet of the inner tube. This effect utilizes the kinetic energy of the high-speed carrier gas to perform secondary shearing and enhanced atomization on any fine droplets that may be present, and enhances radial diffusion, ensuring that the liquid fuel is completely vaporized before entering the main body 11 of the quartz jet stirred reactor.

[0052] At the start of the experiment, the third flow meter A2, B2, and the fifth flow meter C were first turned on. By monitoring the internal pressure at the thermocouple mounting hole 10, the flow rate of the fifth flow meter C was adjusted using the automatic control system to ensure that the pressure inside the pressure-bearing outer shell 14 was slightly higher than the internal pressure of the reactor (maintaining ΔP≈0.02). The pressure was set to 0.05 MPa, thus protecting the structural integrity of the quartz reactor during the pressurization and constant-pressure reaction processes. Subsequently, the first flow meter A1 and the second flow meter B1 were turned on according to the calculated values ​​to conduct the experiment.

[0053] Simultaneously, closed-loop control algorithms (such as PID and model predictive control) can be constructed to dynamically fine-tune the four flow paths A1, A2, B1, and B2 based on the actual component concentration or temperature deviation inside the reactor, thereby achieving integrated control of setting, monitoring, and adjustment, and improving the stability and repeatability of reaction conditions.

[0054] The real-time temperature and pressure inside the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 are obtained, and the real-time concentration of at least one target component in the quartz jet stirred reactor body 11 is collected. Based on the set target reaction temperature, target reaction pressure, and target component concentration, calculate the temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation respectively. The temperature deviation is the difference between the real-time temperature and the target reaction temperature, the pressure deviation is the difference between the real-time pressure and the target reaction pressure, and the concentration deviation is the difference between the real-time concentration and the target component concentration. Based on temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation, the control algorithm calculates the correction values ​​for fuel flow rate, oxygen flow rate, inner pipe carrier gas flow rate, and outer pipe carrier gas flow rate, respectively. ,in, i It is one of the following: fuel, oxygen, inner tube carrier gas, and outer tube carrier gas. For channel i Deviation signal, deviation signal It is a weighted combination of temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation. , , Channels i The proportional, integral, and differential coefficients; Based on the initially set fuel flow rate, oxygen flow rate, inner tube carrier gas flow rate, and outer tube carrier gas flow rate, the four inlet flow rates of the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor are adjusted in real time. The adjusted fuel flow rate is the sum of the fuel flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted oxygen flow rate is the sum of the oxygen flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted inner tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the inner tube carrier gas flow rate and the inner tube carrier gas flow rate correction value; and the adjusted outer tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the outer tube carrier gas flow rate and the outer tube carrier gas flow rate correction value.

[0055] By collecting real-time data on temperature, pressure, and key component concentrations inside the reactor and comparing and calculating them with target values, the flow rates of the four inlet streams are dynamically adjusted. This effectively overcomes the problem of inlet condition drift caused by gas heating, pressure fluctuations, or changes in the reaction process, enabling the reaction system to quickly stabilize at the preset target conditions (temperature, pressure, component concentration), significantly improving the control accuracy and repeatability of experimental conditions.

[0056] Traditional open-loop control methods cannot compensate for disturbances introduced by various factors during experiments. This invention uses a feedback mechanism to correct the flow rates of fuel, oxygen, and carrier gas in real time, ensuring that the composition of the mixed gas at the reactor inlet remains highly consistent with the design value. This fundamentally avoids experimental data distortion caused by deviations in the inlet gas composition, resulting in more realistic and reliable data such as kinetic parameters and conversion curves, which is particularly beneficial for precise reaction mechanism research and model verification.

[0057] By deeply integrating pre-defined control algorithms (such as PID) with the reactor's multi-inlet structure, the system gains the ability to autonomously compensate for internal and external disturbances (such as fluctuations in fuel calorific value and changes in carrier gas pressure). This reduces reliance on operator experience, simplifies the operational procedures for complex high-pressure experiments, and allows the system to adapt to different types of fuels or broader reaction conditions through continuous parameter optimization and learning, thereby improving the overall intelligence and versatility of the experimental platform.

[0058] By monitoring and adjusting the pressure in real time, the set range of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the quartz reactor body can be maintained more precisely (e.g., ΔP≈0.02). (0.05 MPa) to avoid excessive pressure difference that could damage the quartz components. Simultaneously, rapid temperature feedback regulation prevents localized overheating of the reactor, improving the safety of the high-pressure experiment and protecting the quartz reactor.

[0059] The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor of this invention can be used not only for steady-state studies, but also for studying transient processes, oscillating reactions, or systems that are extremely sensitive to mixing processes. By programming specific flow rate change patterns (such as step or ramp), the required dynamic experimental conditions can be actively created, providing a more powerful tool for studying complex processes in fields such as combustion chemistry, catalytic reactions, and materials synthesis.

[0060] To verify the effectiveness of the embodiments of the present invention in avoiding premature reaction, the results of high-pressure oxidation of methane at 24 atm were compared between a single-tube mixing gas pipe and the separated gas inlet proposed in the embodiments of the present invention. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it can be seen that by using the technology proposed in this patent, the mole fraction of fuel at different temperatures changes significantly compared to the original single-pipe intake, as premature reaction in the intake pipe is avoided. Compared to the single-pipe mixed intake case, the experimental results obtained using the embodiments of this invention are closer to the simulated values.

[0061] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention: The jet-stirred reactor is placed inside a metal shell, and the inflow and outflow of gas are controlled by a flow meter to ensure pressure balance inside and outside the reactor, making the quartz reactor suitable for high-pressure reaction conditions. The reactor inlet pipe is further divided into concentric inner and outer pipes. The inner pipe supplies fuel gas and carrier gas, while the outer pipe supplies oxidant and carrier gas, achieving separation of oxidant and fuel gas and avoiding experimental errors caused by premature reaction of the mixed gas in the inlet pipe under high-temperature conditions. By controlling the ratio of carrier gas in the inner and outer pipes through a flow meter, the flow velocity in the inner and outer pipes can be controlled. At the outlet of the inner pipe, the velocity difference is used to form a shear flow, further vaporizing the incompletely evaporated liquid fuel in the inner pipe, enhancing the mixing process of the mixed gas and ensuring the uniformity of the inlet gas. The inner inlet pipe is fixed by a flange and an external metal shell, and there is no rigid connection between it and the outer inlet pipe, thus avoiding quartz damage caused by concentric alignment problems during reactor system installation. The dynamic control method is organically combined with the multi-chamber high-pressure reactor structure with separate inlet gas, forming a synergistic advantage of precise structural design and intelligent process control. Together, they solve the core pain points in high-pressure gas phase reaction research, such as premature reaction, inaccurate control, and poor repeatability, providing a reliable methodological guarantee for achieving high-level basic research on gas phase reactions.

[0062] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any substitution of equivalent components or equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of protection of this patent should still fall within the scope of this patent. Furthermore, the technical features, technical features and technical solutions, and technical solutions in this invention can be freely combined and used.

Claims

1. A multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor with separate air intake, characterized in that, include: Gas chamber flange (1), gas chamber base (2), four-way valve (5), quartz inlet inner pipe (7), quartz jet stirred reactor body (11), quartz exhaust pipe (12) and pressure-bearing shell (14); The gas chamber flange (1) is arranged opposite to the gas chamber base (2) to form a gas chamber. The gas outlet of the fuel passage and the gas outlet of the inner tube carrier gas passage are both connected to the gas inlet of the gas chamber through the gas chamber flange (1). The gas outlet of the gas chamber is connected to the gas inlet of the quartz inlet inner tube (7). Both the oxygen path and the outer tube carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube (8) through the four-way valve (5), and the outlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube (8) is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11). The gas chamber base (2) is connected to the four-way valve (5). After the quartz air inlet inner tube (7) passes through the inner diameter of the four-way valve (5) and the quartz air inlet outer tube (8), the other end of the quartz air inlet inner tube (7) is flush with the outer wall of the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11). Both the oxygen path and the outer tube carrier gas path are connected to the inlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube (8) through the four-way valve (5). The outlet end of the quartz inlet outer tube (8) is fixedly connected to the inlet end of the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11). The quartz exhaust pipe (12) is connected to the outlet end of the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11), and the reaction products are discharged through the quartz exhaust pipe (12). The pressure-bearing outer shell (14) is fitted onto the outside of the main body (11) of the quartz jet stirred reactor.

2. The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a flow meter assembly and a pressure-bearing shell inlet (13). The pressure-bearing shell inlet (13) is provided on the pressure-bearing shell (14); The flow meter group includes a first flow meter A1 installed at the fuel inlet, a second flow meter B1 installed at the oxygen inlet, a third flow meter A2 installed at the inner tube carrier gas inlet, a fourth flow meter B2 installed at the outer tube carrier gas inlet, and a fifth flow meter C installed at the pressure shell inlet (13). Inert hydrogen is injected into the pressure shell (14) through the pressure shell inlet (13).

3. The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a support block (9) and a thermocouple mounting hole (10). The support block (9) is located on the side of the quartz air inlet outer pipe (8) facing the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11), and the radial direction of the quartz air inlet inner pipe (7) is limited by the support block (9). One end of the thermocouple mounting hole (10) is connected to the outer wall of the quartz inlet pipe (8), and the other end is connected to the center of the sphere of the quartz jet stirring reactor body (11).

4. The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor also includes a sealing flange (3) and a graphite gasket (4). The sealing flange (3) presses the graphite gasket (4) together, and the sealing flange (3) and the graphite gasket (4) seal and fix the quartz air inlet tube (7) to the air chamber base (2).

5. A method of using a multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor, wherein the method, based on the multi-chamber high-pressure jet stirred reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, adjusts the flow rates of the fuel path, the oxygen path, the inner tube carrier gas path, and the outer tube carrier gas path to achieve the experimental objective of the gas phase chemical reaction, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The theoretical oxygen number of the fuel is calculated based on its chemical composition. S； Set the target reaction pressure P, target reaction temperature T, and target residence time τ for the gas phase chemical reaction; The target reaction pressure P, the target reaction temperature T, the target residence time τ, and the effective volume of the quartz jet stirred reactor body (11) are used to determine the reaction conditions. Calculate the total intake volume flow rate under standard conditions. ; The intake mole fraction of a given fuel was determined based on the experimental conditions. and fuel equivalence ratio Through the total intake volume flow rate The intake mole fraction and fuel equivalence ratio Calculated fuel flow rate Oxygen flow rate and total carrier gas flow ; Set the flow rate ratio between the inner and outer pipe outlets according to the type of fuel. ; The flow velocity ratio at the outlet of the inner and outer pipes and the total carrier gas flow rate The total target flow rate of the quartz inlet pipe (7) was calculated separately. The total target flow rate of the outer pipe of the quartz inlet outer pipe (8) ; Through the total target flow rate of the inner pipe The total target flow rate of the outer pipe The fuel flow rate and the oxygen flow rate The fuel flow rate of the fuel path corresponding to the first flow meter A1 was calculated separately. The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit corresponding to the second flow meter B1. The flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path corresponding to the third flow meter A2 The flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path corresponding to the fourth flow meter B2 ; Open the first flow meter A1, the second flow meter B1, the third flow meter A2, the fourth flow meter B2 and the fifth flow meter C, and use the automatic control system to adjust the flow rate of the fifth flow meter C so that the difference between the internal pressure of the pressure-bearing shell (14) and the internal pressure of the quartz jet stirred reactor body (11) is within the set pressure difference range. Adjust the flow rate of the fuel path to the fuel flow rate. Adjust the flow rate of the oxygen circuit to the specified oxygen flow rate. Adjust the flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path to the flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path. Adjust the flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path to the flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path. This allows the gas phase chemical reaction in the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor to achieve the experimental objective.

6. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flow velocity ratio at the outlet of the inner and outer pipes and the total carrier gas flow rate The total target flow rate of the quartz inlet pipe (7) was calculated separately. The total target flow rate of the outer pipe of the quartz inlet outer pipe (8) ,include: Calculate the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the annular gap in the outer tube. ,in, The cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube is... This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer tube. The flow velocity ratio at the outlet of the inner and outer pipes and the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the outer tube annular gap Calculate the target flow allocation ratio ,in, ; Based on the target traffic allocation ratio Calculate the total target flow rate of the inner pipe separately. and the total target flow of external pipes ,in, , .

7. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that, Through the total intake volume flow rate The intake mole fraction and fuel equivalence ratio Calculated fuel flow rate Oxygen flow rate and total carrier gas flow ,include: Through the total intake volume flow rate and the intake mole fraction Calculated fuel flow rate ,in, ; By the equivalent ratio and the fuel flow rate Calculated oxygen flow rate ,in, , S This is the theoretical oxygen number; Through the fuel flow The oxygen flow rate and the total intake volume flow rate The total carrier gas flow rate was calculated, where, .

8. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that, Set the flow rate ratio between the inner and outer pipe outlets according to the type of fuel. ,include: When the fuel is gaseous, the ratio of the outlet velocities of the inner and outer pipes will be... Set to 1; Set a minimum flow rate ratio and a maximum flow rate ratio, wherein the minimum flow rate ratio is greater than 1; When the fuel is liquid, the ratio of the outlet velocities of the inner and outer pipes will be... Set to a value between the minimum flow rate ratio and the maximum flow rate ratio.

9. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that, Through the total target flow rate of the inner pipe The total target flow rate of the outer pipe The fuel flow rate and the oxygen flow rate The fuel flow rate of the fuel path corresponding to the first flow meter A1 was calculated separately. The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit corresponding to the second flow meter B1. The flow rate of the inner tube carrier gas path corresponding to the third flow meter A2 The flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path corresponding to the fourth flow meter B2 ,include: Fuel flow rate in the fuel path Set as the fuel flow rate ; The oxygen flow rate of the oxygen circuit Set as the oxygen flow rate ; The total target flow rate of the inner tube With the fuel flow rate The difference is used as the inner tube carrier gas path The total target flow rate of the outer pipe With the oxygen flow rate The difference is used as the flow rate of the outer tube carrier gas path. .

10. The method of use according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The real-time temperature and pressure inside the quartz jet stirred reactor body (11) are obtained, and the real-time concentration of at least one target component in the quartz jet stirred reactor body (11) is collected. Based on the set target reaction temperature, target reaction pressure, and target component concentration, the temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation are calculated respectively. The temperature deviation is the difference between the real-time temperature and the target reaction temperature, the pressure deviation is the difference between the real-time pressure and the target reaction pressure, and the concentration deviation is the difference between the real-time concentration and the target component concentration. Based on the temperature deviation, pressure deviation, and concentration deviation, the control algorithm calculates the fuel flow correction value, oxygen flow correction value, inner pipe carrier gas flow correction value, and outer pipe carrier gas flow correction value, respectively. ,in, i It is one of the following: fuel, oxygen, inner tube carrier gas, and outer tube carrier gas. For channel i Deviation signal, deviation signal This is a weighted combination of the temperature deviation, the pressure deviation, and the concentration deviation. , , Channels i The proportional, integral, and differential coefficients; Based on the initially set fuel flow rate, oxygen flow rate, inner tube carrier gas flow rate, and outer tube carrier gas flow rate, the four inlet flow rates of the multi-cavity high-pressure jet stirred reactor are adjusted in real time. The adjusted fuel flow rate is the sum of the fuel flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted oxygen flow rate is the sum of the oxygen flow rate and the fuel flow rate correction value; the adjusted inner tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the inner tube carrier gas flow rate and the inner tube carrier gas flow rate correction value; and the adjusted outer tube carrier gas flow rate is the sum of the outer tube carrier gas flow rate and the outer tube carrier gas flow rate correction value.

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