Cooling liquid spraying device of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a numerical control machine tool cooling liquid spraying device which comprises a machine tool driving head, a drill bit, a main water pipe and a liquid outlet pipe. A partition plate is arranged in an inner cavity of the liquid outlet pipe and divides the inner cavity of the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe into a first cavity and a second cavity. A plurality of liquid outlet holes distributed in an array mode are formed in the tail end of the first cavity, and the tail end of the second cavity communicates with a liquid spraying head. The water wheel assembly is rotationally arranged in the liquid outlet pipe; the adjusting assembly is arranged on the middle section of the liquid outlet pipe and located above the partition plate; and the auxiliary assembly comprises a dust extraction pipeline, an air extraction part, a filtering part and a thermosensitive control part. The cooling liquid spraying mode can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode, in-situ waste gas treatment is integrated, efficient consumption reduction is achieved, and the machining precision and environment safety are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machining technology, specifically relating to a CNC machine tool coolant spraying device. Background Technology

[0002] CNC machine tools, short for Computer Numerical Control machine tools, are automated machine tools equipped with a program control system. When CNC machine tools machine metal, they generate a large amount of heat and metal chips. To reduce tool temperature, improve machining accuracy, and extend tool life, coolant is typically sprayed continuously.

[0003] Existing coolant spraying devices mostly employ fixed-angle nozzles or simple multi-channel pipes. For example, a CNC machine tool water-spraying cooling mechanism, as described in Chinese patent application number CN202311084398.7, includes a machine tool mounting base and a machine tool machining table. A machine tool machining head is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting base, and a spraying assembly is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the machining head. A collection port is provided inside the machining table, and a filter assembly is installed at the bottom of the machining table. This CNC machine tool water-spraying cooling mechanism, by placing the workpiece above the mounting base and using the spraying assembly mounted on the machining head, allows the spraying assembly to move with the machining head, ensuring effective cooling of both the machining head and the workpiece. The sprayed coolant flows through the collection port into the filter assembly, where it is filtered to remove residues, allowing the coolant to circulate back to the spraying assembly. This cyclical cooling through the spraying assembly provides rapid cooling and prevents damage to the components.

[0004] Coolant spraying devices of the types described above still have some shortcomings in actual operation:

[0005] First, the coolant flow distribution is fixed and cannot be adaptively adjusted according to changes in local temperature at the cutting point, so the cooling efficiency needs to be improved.

[0006] Secondly, harmful gases such as oil fumes and volatile substances generated during the cutting process permeate the processing area, affecting the health of operators and the working environment. Existing equipment usually lacks integrated and effective in-situ exhaust gas treatment functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC machine tool coolant spraying device that can adaptively adjust the coolant spraying mode, integrate in-situ exhaust gas treatment, efficiently reduce energy consumption, and significantly improve machining accuracy and environmental safety.

[0008] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0009] A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device includes a machine tool drive head and a drill bit disposed at the lower end of the machine tool drive head, and further includes:

[0010] Main water pipe, which is installed on the machine tool drive head;

[0011] Multiple outlet pipes are arranged in a ring on the main water pipe; each outlet pipe has a partition plate in its inner cavity, which divides the lower end of the outlet pipe into a first chamber and a second chamber; the end of the first chamber has several outlet holes arranged in an array, and the end of the second chamber is connected to a spray head;

[0012] A water turbine assembly is rotatably disposed inside the outlet pipe and located upstream of the partition plate, configured to rotate under fluid drive as the coolant flows through the outlet pipe;

[0013] An adjustment component is disposed in the middle section of the outlet pipe and above the partition plate, for controlling the flow of coolant to the first chamber or the second chamber, so as to selectively spray multiple water jets from the outlet hole or spray a columnar water jet from the spray head;

[0014] An auxiliary component includes a dust extraction pipe, an air extraction section, a filter section, and a thermostatic control section. The dust extraction pipe is connected to the liquid outlet pipe. The air extraction section is located inside the dust extraction pipe and is driven by the water turbine assembly, so that the air extraction section is driven to work by the rotation of the water turbine assembly. The filter section is located on the dust extraction pipe. The thermostatic control section is located at the lower end of the dust extraction pipe and is driven by the regulating component, used to drive the regulating component to operate in response to temperature changes.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the water turbine assembly includes a first rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outlet pipe via a sealed bearing. A water turbine is fixedly installed at one end of the first rotating shaft inside the outlet pipe, and a drive gear is fixedly installed at the other end of the first rotating shaft.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting assembly includes a second rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the outlet pipe via a sealed bearing and located at the upper end of the partition plate. A rotating plate is fixedly connected to the end of the second rotating shaft inside the outlet pipe, and a through groove is provided in the middle of the rotating plate. Adjusting gears are fixedly installed at both ends of the second rotating shaft. Slide rails are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe, and racks are slidably connected on the slide rails. A support rod is fixedly connected between the two racks. Sealing plates are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the outlet pipe using support rods.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the dust extraction pipeline includes a main air pipe, which is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe by a support rod. The lower end of the main air pipe is fixedly connected to a Y-shaped suction pipe, which is also fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe by a support rod. A filter box is fixedly connected to the main air pipe.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the filter box has a slag discharge trough on its front side, and a sealing door is provided at the slag discharge trough.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the air extraction unit includes a third rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to a bracket inside the main air pipe via a bearing. A first bevel gear and a fan blade are fixedly installed at both ends of the third rotating shaft, respectively. A fourth rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the main air pipe via a sealed bearing, and a driven gear and a second bevel gear are fixedly installed at both ends of the fourth rotating shaft, respectively.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the filtration section includes an air guide component fixedly connected inside a filter box, a filter screen is installed at the upper end of the filter box, and a filter cylinder is installed at the upper end of the main air pipe.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the air guide is a conical cylinder, and the conical cylinder has an array of air vents that are inclined toward the Y-shaped air extraction pipe.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the thermal control unit includes a spring, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the main air tube. A lifting ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main air tube, and a connecting rod is piston-type inserted into the lower end of the main air tube. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lifting ring by a support rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to a support rod.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the spring is made of shape memory metal, and when the shape memory metal spring reaches its maximum deformation, it drives the rotating plate to flip to a position where it contacts the sealing plate on the other side via mechanical transmission.

[0024] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention establishes a temperature-controlled mechanism based on the temperature of the cutting zone by incorporating a thermal control unit, an adjustment component, and a liquid outlet pipe with a dual-channel structure. When the processing temperature is low (e.g., during precision machining or the initial stage of machining), the device operates in a "low-flow impact mode" (columnar water flow), satisfying cooling requirements while avoiding resource waste. When a temperature increase is detected (e.g., during heavy cutting or prolonged machining), the thermal spring deforms due to heat, driving the rotating plate to flip and switching to a "high-flow flushing mode" (multiple fine streams), rapidly enhancing heat dissipation and flushing away a large amount of debris. This ability to automatically adjust the flow rate and jet pattern according to operating conditions overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fixed flow rate distribution, maximizing cooling efficiency.

[0026] This invention converts the kinetic energy generated by the flow of coolant into the power for exhaust gas extraction. Through a water turbine assembly and gear transmission mechanism, the kinetic energy of the coolant flowing through the outlet pipe is converted into the rotational power of the extraction unit (fan blades), eliminating the need for a separate exhaust fan or motor. Simultaneously with cooling, the generated negative pressure is used to promptly remove oil fumes, volatile organic compounds, and metal dust from the vicinity of the processing point via a Y-shaped extraction pipe, followed by multi-stage filtration. This "liquid-driven, simultaneous dust removal" design not only integrates cooling and purification functions, reducing equipment energy consumption and costs, but also effectively improves the working environment for operators, preventing harmful gases from damaging their health.

[0027] In this invention, a through-groove is created on the adjusting component, effectively reducing the coolant impact force during rotation, lowering switching resistance, and ensuring smooth mode switching. Simultaneously, grooves are created on both sides of the rotating plate, allowing the sealing plate to be embedded within them. With the assistance of the water flow impact, the rotating plate and the sealing plate achieve a tight fit, significantly improving the sealing effect after flow channel switching and effectively preventing coolant cross-flow and leakage. Furthermore, the inclined vent design on the air guide in the filter section effectively prevents fine impurities intercepted by the filter from flowing back under gravity or airflow disturbances, ensuring the long-term effectiveness and stability of the filtration system. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single liquid outlet tube and its structure according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A bottom view;

[0031] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Disassembly diagram;

[0032] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 The right-side view;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the liquid outlet tube of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A shown in the image;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the rotating plate and the sealing plate of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the adjustment component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a side sectional view of the liquid outlet pipe of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the main air tube of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 11 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B shown in the figure.

[0040] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0041] 1. Machine tool drive head; 2. Drill bit; 3. Main water pipe; 4. Discharge pipe; 5. Water turbine assembly; 6. Adjustment assembly; 7. Auxiliary assembly;

[0042] 41. Divider plate; 42. Liquid outlet; 43. Spray nozzle;

[0043] 51. First shaft; 52. Water turbine; 53. Drive gear;

[0044] 61. Second rotating shaft; 62. Rotating plate; 63. Adjusting gear; 64. Slide rail; 65. Rack; 66. Support rod; 67. Sealing plate;

[0045] 71. Dust extraction duct; 72. Air extraction unit; 73. Filtration unit; 74. Thermal control unit;

[0046] 711. Main air pipe; 712. Y-type suction pipe; 713. Filter box;

[0047] 721. Third shaft; 722. First bevel gear; 723. Fan blade; 724. Fourth shaft; 725. Driven gear; 726. Second bevel gear;

[0048] 731. Air guide component; 732. Filter screen; 733. Filter cartridge;

[0049] 741. Spring; 742. Lifting ring; 743. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0052] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that mutually excludes other embodiments.

[0053] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0054] Please see the appendix Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a CNC machine tool coolant spraying device, including a machine tool drive head 1 and a drill bit 2 disposed at the lower end of the machine tool drive head 1. The machine tool drive head 1 is mounted on a CNC machine tool, and also includes:

[0055] Main water pipe 3 is installed on the machine tool drive head 1;

[0056] Multiple outlet pipes 4 are arranged in a ring on the main water pipe 3; a partition plate 41 is provided in the inner cavity of the outlet pipe 4, which divides the lower end of the outlet pipe 4 into a first chamber and a second chamber; a number of outlet holes 42 arranged in an array are opened at the end of the first chamber, and a spray head 43 is connected to the end of the second chamber.

[0057] The water turbine assembly 5 is rotatably disposed inside the outlet pipe 4 and located upstream of the partition plate 41, and is configured to rotate under fluid drive when the coolant flows through the outlet pipe 4.

[0058] Adjustment component 6 is located in the middle section of the outlet pipe 4 and above the partition plate 41. It is used to control the flow of coolant to the first chamber or the second chamber so as to selectively spray multiple water jets from the outlet hole 42 or spray columnar water jets from the spray head 43.

[0059] Auxiliary component 7 includes a dust extraction pipe 71, an air extraction section 72, a filter section 73, and a thermal control section 74. The dust extraction pipe 71 is connected to the liquid outlet pipe 4. The air extraction section 72 is located inside the dust extraction pipe 71 and is connected to the water turbine assembly 5 for transmission, so that the rotation of the water turbine assembly 5 drives the air extraction section 72 to work. The filter section 73 is located on the dust extraction pipe 71. The thermal control section 74 is located at the lower end of the dust extraction pipe 71 and is connected to the adjustment component 6 for driving the adjustment component 6 to operate in response to temperature changes.

[0060] Secondly, please refer to again Figure 6and Figure 10 The water turbine assembly 5 includes a first rotating shaft 51, which is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outlet pipe 4 via a sealed bearing. A water turbine 52 is fixedly installed at one end of the first rotating shaft 51 inside the outlet pipe 4, and a drive gear 53 is fixedly installed at the other end of the first rotating shaft 51.

[0061] In this embodiment, the water turbine 52 is located upstream of the partition plate 41, and the coolant enters each outlet pipe 4 from the main water pipe 3. When flowing through the water turbine assembly 5, it drives the water turbine 52 to rotate, and the water turbine 52 drives the drive gear 53 to rotate through the first rotating shaft 51.

[0062] Secondly, please refer to the following as well. Figures 2 to 9 The adjusting component 6 includes a second rotating shaft 61, which is rotatably connected to the outlet pipe 4 via a sealed bearing and is located at the upper end of the partition plate 41. A rotating plate 62 is fixedly connected to the end of the second rotating shaft 61 inside the outlet pipe 4, and a through groove is provided in the middle of the rotating plate 62. Adjusting gears 63 are fixedly installed at both ends of the second rotating shaft 61. Slide rails 64 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe 4. A rack 65 is slidably connected on the slide rail 64. A support rod 66 is fixedly connected between the two racks 65. A sealing plate 67 is fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the outlet pipe 4 using a support rod.

[0063] In this embodiment, the rack 65 can generate linear motion by being driven by the thermal control unit 74. This linear motion is converted into rotational motion of the second rotating shaft 61 by the adjusting gear 63 meshing with the rack 65. The rotation of the second rotating shaft 61 causes the rotating plate 62 on it to flip, thereby realizing the flow channel switching.

[0064] First working position: When the rotating plate 62 rotates until its plate body is tightly fitted with the sealing plate 67 at the inlet of the flow channel leading to the first chamber (liquid outlet 42), the flow channel is closed. At this time, the coolant flows into the flow channel of the second chamber (spray head 43), and is finally concentrated into a concentrated columnar water jet at high speed by the spray head 43 at the end (in this mode, the fluid outlet size is small, and the amount of coolant used is relatively small. This mode is suitable for precision machining or when the temperature is relatively low in the initial stage of machining. At the same time, the high-speed water jet can wash away the debris in the drill bit 2 groove, ensuring the cleanliness of the drill bit 2, thereby improving the machining accuracy).

[0065] Second working position: Driven by the thermal control unit 74, the rotating plate 62 flips from the first working position, and its plate body then tightly contacts the sealing plate 67 at the inlet of the flow channel leading to the second chamber (spray head 43), closing the flow channel. At this time, the coolant flows into the flow channel of the first chamber (outlet hole 42) and is sprayed out in the form of multiple fine streams through the end array of outlet holes 42, achieving large-area coverage cooling and debris flushing (in this mode, the fluid outlet size is larger, and more coolant is used, which can improve the heat dissipation effect. This mode is suitable for heavy cutting or long-term processing at relatively high temperatures. At the same time, the coolant is sprayed out in the form of multiple fine streams, which flushes the cutting debris with a large flow rate).

[0066] In summary, the adjusting component 6 converts the linear motion of the rack 65 into the rotation of the rotating plate 62. Utilizing the structural characteristics of the through groove and plate body on the rotating plate 62, and working in conjunction with the sealing plates 67 on both sides, it determines whether the coolant flows to the "first chamber - outlet 42" path or the "second chamber - spray head 43" path. This allows the spraying device to automatically switch between "low-flow impact" and "high-flow flushing" modes based on the temperature signal.

[0067] Furthermore, the through groove on the rotating plate 62 reduces the impact force of water flow when the rotating plate 62 is turned, making it easier to turn, reducing the resistance during turning, and improving the smoothness of mode switching. Grooves are also provided on both sides of the rotating plate 62, allowing the sealing plate 67 to be embedded in the rotating plate 62. Under the impact of water flow, the rotating plate 62 can be tightly fitted to the sealing plate 67, ensuring the sealing performance after the two are fitted together.

[0068] Secondly, please refer to again Figure 3 and Figure 4 The dust extraction pipeline 71 includes a main air pipe 711, which is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe 4 by a support rod. The lower end of the main air pipe 711 is fixedly connected to a Y-shaped suction pipe 712, which is also fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe 4 by a support rod. A filter box 713 is fixedly connected to the main air pipe 711. The filter box 713 has a slag discharge groove on its front side and a sealing door is provided at the slag discharge groove.

[0069] In this embodiment, the suction unit 72 is installed at the top of the main air pipe 711. It uses suction to draw harmful gases containing oil fumes, volatile organic compounds, etc., into the main air pipe 711 through the Y-shaped suction pipe 712. A coarse filter plate is installed at the lower end of the Y-shaped suction pipe 712 to intercept large impurities. After the harmful gases enter the main air pipe 711, they first pass through the filter box 713. The filter box 713 contains a filter layer that effectively intercepts fine impurities. Over time, a large amount of dust will accumulate in the filter box 713. At this point, the sealed door at the slag discharge trough can be opened to remove the dust.

[0070] Please refer to it again. Figure 12 The air extraction unit 72 includes a third rotating shaft 721, which is rotatably connected to a bracket inside the main air pipe 711 via a bearing. A first bevel gear 722 and a fan blade 723 are fixedly installed at both ends of the third rotating shaft 721, respectively. A fourth rotating shaft 724 is rotatably connected to the main air pipe 711 via a sealed bearing. A driven gear 725 and a second bevel gear 726 are fixedly installed at both ends of the fourth rotating shaft 724, respectively.

[0071] In this embodiment, the drive gear 53 meshes with the driven gear 725 in the suction section 72, thereby driving the fourth rotating shaft 724 to rotate. A second bevel gear 726 is fixedly mounted at one end of the fourth rotating shaft 724 located inside the main air pipe 711. This second bevel gear 726 meshes with a first bevel gear 722 mounted on the third rotating shaft 721. Through the transmission of this set of bevel gears, the rotational motion of the fourth rotating shaft 724 is converted into the rotational motion of the third rotating shaft 721.

[0072] A fan blade 723 is fixedly installed at the end of the third rotating shaft 721. When the third rotating shaft 721 is driven to rotate, the fan blade 723 rotates synchronously, creating a negative pressure in the closed pipe of the main air pipe 711. This negative pressure acts as a suction source, acting on the vicinity of the machining point of the CNC machine tool through the suction port of the Y-shaped exhaust pipe 712. Under the action of negative pressure, harmful substances such as high-temperature oil fumes, coolant volatiles, and fine metal fragments agitated during the machining process are sucked into the pipe of the Y-shaped exhaust pipe 712, and then enter the main air pipe 711 to flow to the filtration system, thereby achieving in-situ collection and cleaning of exhaust gas in the machining area.

[0073] Furthermore, the diameter of the drive gear 53 is larger than that of the driven gear 725. This large-diameter drive gear 53, in conjunction with the small-diameter driven gear 725, enables a larger transmission ratio, thus significantly increasing the rotational speed of the fan blade 723. The faster rotation of the fan blade 723 creates a stronger negative pressure within the closed pipe of the main air pipe 711, significantly enhancing the suction force of the Y-shaped exhaust port of the exhaust pipe 712 near the CNC machine tool's machining point. This greatly improves the capture and cleaning effect of in-situ exhaust gas in the machining area, more effectively reducing the residue and diffusion of harmful substances in the machining area, creating better conditions for the CNC machine tool's machining environment, and also helping to protect the health of operators and the stable operation of the equipment.

[0074] Please refer to it again. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The filter section 73 includes an air guide 731, which is fixedly connected inside the filter box 713. A filter screen 732 is installed at the upper end of the filter box 713, and a filter cylinder 733 is installed at the upper end of the main air pipe 711. The air guide 731 is a conical cylinder, and air vents inclined towards the Y-shaped air extraction pipe 712 are arranged in an array on the conical cylinder.

[0075] In this embodiment, the gas and harmful substances continue to flow upward through the inclined vent holes on the conical cylinder. When passing through the filter screen 732, the fine impurities in the gas are blocked. Due to the effect of the inclined vent holes, the blocked fine impurities are difficult to flow back along the vent holes and are thus collected in the filter box 713. After use, the sealed door on the filter box 713 can be opened to clean out the dust.

[0076] It should be noted that the function of filter cartridge 733 is to filter harmful odors in the gas. The filter cartridge 733 is a product of existing technology and is connected to the upper end of the main gas pipe 711 by a thread, which facilitates disassembly.

[0077] Please refer to it again. Figure 11 The thermal control unit 74 includes a spring 741, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the main air pipe 711. A lifting ring 742 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main air pipe 711, and a connecting rod 743 is piston-type inserted into the lower end of the main air pipe 711. One end of the connecting rod 743 is fixedly connected to the lifting ring 742 by a support rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support rod 66. The spring 741 is made of shape memory metal. When the shape memory metal spring 741 reaches its maximum deformation, it drives the rotating plate 62 to flip to the position of contacting the sealing plate 67 on the other side through mechanical transmission.

[0078] Here, the shape memory metal spring 741 is an existing mature technology with a two-way shape memory effect. The two-way shape memory effect refers to the reversible cyclic characteristic of a material that recovers its high-temperature phase shape when heated above the austenitic phase transformation end temperature (Af) and exhibits a low-temperature phase shape when cooled below the martensitic phase transformation end temperature (Mf).

[0079] In this embodiment, when the CNC machine tool is in a finishing operation or a low temperature state (such as fine milling, fine grinding, micro-cutting, generally using a smaller cutting depth and a lower feed rate, although the cutting speed may not be low, the overall material removal rate is much lower than that of heavy cutting, so the total amount of heat generated is less), the spring 741 will not deform, keeping the rotating plate 62 in the first working position. At this time, the coolant flows into the flow channel of the second chamber (spray head 43), and finally converges into a concentrated columnar water jet at high speed from the spray head 43 at the end.

[0080] When performing deep hole drilling, heavy-duty cutting, or other machining operations, or when the machining time is prolonged and the temperature of the cutting area rises, the high temperature of the cutting heat will raise the temperature of the surrounding air. The high-temperature air is drawn in by the Y-shaped exhaust pipe 712, causing the ambient temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 741 to reach its phase transition point. The spring 741 expands due to heat, pushing the lifting ring 742 and the connecting rod 743 upward. The connecting rod 743 drives the support rod 66 and the racks 65 on both sides to slide upward along the slide rail 64. The racks 65 drive the adjusting gear 63 and the second rotating shaft 61 to rotate, thereby causing the rotating plate 62 in the outlet pipe 4 to flip and reach the second working position. At this time, the coolant flows into the flow channel of the first chamber (outlet hole 42) and is sprayed out in the form of multiple fine streams through the outlet holes 42 distributed at the end, achieving large-area coverage cooling and debris flushing.

[0081] After the processing point temperature drops, the temperature of the airflow drawn into the Y-shaped extraction pipe 712 also decreases. When the ambient temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 741 falls below the phase transition temperature, it restores its "low-temperature phase" shape, thereby driving the rotating plate 62 to flip back to the first working position.

[0082] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0083] After the coolant flows through the main water pipe 3 and enters the outlet pipe 4, it drives the water turbine 52 of the water turbine assembly 5 to rotate. The water turbine 52 drives the drive gear 53 to rotate via the first rotating shaft 51. The drive gear 53 meshes with the driven gear 725 of the suction unit 72, driving the fourth rotating shaft 724 and the second bevel gear 726 to rotate. The second bevel gear 726 meshes with the first bevel gear 722, driving the third rotating shaft 721 and the fan blade 723 to rotate and generate negative pressure, which draws away oil fumes and dust through the Y-shaped suction pipe 712. The shape memory alloy spring 741 of the time-sensitive control unit 74 extends and retracts according to temperature changes, pushing the connecting rod 743 and the support rod 66 to drive the rack 65 to move linearly. The rack 65 meshes with the adjusting gear 63 to drive the second rotating shaft 61 to rotate, causing the rotating plate 62 to flip to switch the coolant flow direction. When the temperature is low, the coolant is kept in the second chamber and sprayed out as a columnar water stream from the spray head 43. When the temperature is high, it switches to the first chamber and sprays out multiple fine streams from the outlet hole 42, realizing adaptive cooling and synchronous dust removal.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device, comprising a machine tool drive head and a drill bit disposed at the lower end of the machine tool drive head, characterized in that, Also includes: Main water pipe, the main water pipe is installed on the machine tool drive head; Multiple outlet pipes are arranged in a ring on the main water pipe; the inner cavity of the outlet pipe is equipped with a partition plate, which divides the lower end of the outlet pipe into a first chamber and a second chamber; the end of the first chamber is provided with several outlet holes arranged in an array, and the end of the second chamber is connected to a spray head. A water turbine assembly is rotatably disposed inside the outlet pipe and located upstream of the partition plate, configured to rotate under fluid drive as the coolant flows through the outlet pipe; The regulating component is located in the middle section of the outlet pipe and above the partition plate. It is used to control the flow of coolant to the first chamber or the second chamber so as to selectively spray multiple water jets from the outlet hole or a columnar water jet from the spray head. The auxiliary components include a dust extraction pipeline, an air extraction unit, a filter unit, and a thermostatic control unit. The dust extraction pipeline is connected to the liquid outlet pipe. The air extraction unit is located inside the dust extraction pipeline and is connected to the water turbine assembly for driving the air extraction unit through the rotation of the water turbine assembly. The filter unit is located on the dust extraction pipeline. The thermostatic control unit is located at the lower end of the dust extraction pipeline and is connected to the regulating component for driving the regulating component to operate in response to temperature changes.

2. The CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water turbine assembly includes a first rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outlet pipe via a sealed bearing. A water turbine is fixedly installed at one end of the first rotating shaft inside the outlet pipe, and a drive gear is fixedly installed at the other end of the first rotating shaft.

3. The CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a second rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the outlet pipe via a sealed bearing and is located at the upper end of the partition plate. A rotating plate is fixedly connected to the end of the second rotating shaft inside the outlet pipe, and a through groove is opened in the middle of the rotating plate. Adjusting gears are fixedly installed at both ends of the second rotating shaft. Slide rails are provided on both the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe, and racks are slidably connected on the slide rails. A support rod is fixedly connected between the two racks. A sealing plate is fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the outlet pipe using support rods.

4. The CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dust extraction pipeline includes a main air pipe, which is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe using a support rod. A Y-shaped suction pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the main air pipe, and the Y-shaped suction pipe is also fixedly connected to the liquid outlet pipe using a support rod. A filter box is fixedly connected to the main air pipe.

5. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter box has a slag discharge trough on the front and a sealed door at the slag discharge trough.

6. The CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air extraction unit includes a third rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to a bracket inside the main air pipe via a bearing. A first bevel gear and a fan blade are fixedly installed at both ends of the third rotating shaft, respectively. A fourth rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the main air pipe via a sealed bearing, and a driven gear and a second bevel gear are fixedly installed at both ends of the fourth rotating shaft, respectively.

7. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filtration section includes an air guide component, which is fixedly connected inside the filter box. A filter screen is installed at the upper end of the filter box, and a filter cylinder is installed at the upper end of the main air pipe.

8. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air guide is a conical cylinder, and the conical cylinder has an array of air vents that are inclined toward the Y-shaped air extraction pipe.

9. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermal control unit includes a spring, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the main air tube. A lifting ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main air tube, and a connecting rod is piston-type inserted into the lower end of the main air tube. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lifting ring by a support rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to a support rod.

10. A CNC machine tool coolant spraying device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spring is made of shape memory metal, and when the shape memory metal spring reaches its maximum deformation, it drives the rotating plate to flip to the position where it contacts the sealing plate on the other side through mechanical transmission.

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