Variable-gradient tunnel structure based on pneumatic membrane regulation and control assembly and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-gradient tunnel structure based on pneumatic membrane regulation and control assemblies and an operation method. The variable-gradient tunnel structure comprises a tunnel lining, a drainage guide channel, a plurality of water collection and drainage nodes, a plurality of pneumatic membrane regulation and control assemblies, a fixing clamp and a control terminal. The multiple inflatable membrane regulation and control assemblies are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the drainage guiding channel, the upper portion and the lower portion of the same cross section of the drainage guiding channel are each provided with one inflatable membrane regulation and control assembly, the control terminal controls all the inflatable membrane regulation and control assemblies to be inflated to form a high-inflation regulation and control air bag or a low-inflation regulation and control air bag, the overflowing section in the drainage guiding channel is changed, and water level line distribution is controlled. And an adjustable equivalent flow guide gradient is formed. Flexible reconstruction of the operation state of the tunnel guide and drainage channel can be achieved without disassembling and changing the tunnel main body structure, the natural flow state, the enhanced flow state and the reverse flow state can be flexibly switched, the method is adaptive to various working conditions such as conventional drainage, enhanced flow guide and emergency reverse drainage, and the method has the advantages of being small in construction interference, flexible to regulate and control, high in adaptability, high in engineering application value and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering operation and control technology, specifically relating to a variable slope tunnel structure and operation method based on an inflatable membrane control component. Background Technology

[0002] During long-term operation, tunnels are subject to continuous dynamic changes in their drainage and diversion channels due to factors such as groundwater seepage, lining leakage, localized water accumulation, and sudden water inflow. Existing tunnel drainage or diversion structures generally adopt a design with fixed longitudinal slope, fixed cross-section, and fixed flow path. Their drainage capacity relies entirely on the inherent conditions of the existing structure and cannot be actively adjusted or dynamically adapted to different operating conditions and water inflow conditions.

[0003] When a tunnel experiences a sudden increase in water inflow, concentrated leakage, insufficient drainage capacity, or other special conditions requiring temporary diversion or emergency discharge, traditional solutions typically involve adding rigid drainage components, modifying the drainage channel cross-section, or adjusting the slope of the existing structure. This type of rigid modification has significant drawbacks: First, it involves a large amount of construction work, a long implementation period, and high costs; second, it greatly disrupts the normal operation of the existing tunnel, making it difficult to implement without interrupting operations; third, rigid modification within the confined space of the existing lining is difficult to construct, resulting in inconsistent quality and poor adaptability; and fourth, the modified structure remains fixed, unable to cope with dynamic changes in subsequent operating conditions, making repeated modifications difficult.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method that can change the local flow cross-section and control the water level distribution in the tunnel through flexible control components without dismantling or altering the main structure of the tunnel or interrupting normal tunnel operation, thereby forming an adjustable equivalent diversion slope and realizing dynamic reconstruction of the tunnel's drainage capacity and flexible adaptation to all working conditions. This is the direction that this invention needs to research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a variable slope tunnel structure and operation method based on an inflatable membrane control component. This invention can solve the problems of fixed longitudinal flow guiding capacity of tunnel drainage channels, insufficient adaptability to operating conditions, large construction interference, high implementation cost, and inability to dynamically control the traditional rigid modification method, thereby achieving dynamic reconstruction of tunnel drainage capacity and flexible adaptation to all operating conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a variable slope tunnel structure based on an inflatable membrane control component, including a tunnel lining, a drainage channel disposed on the inner side of the tunnel lining, multiple drainage nodes connected to the drainage channel, multiple inflatable membrane control components disposed in the drainage channel, a fixing clamp for fixing the inflatable membrane control components to the tunnel lining, and a control terminal connected to each inflatable membrane control component. Multiple inflatable membrane control components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the guide channel, and one inflatable membrane control component is arranged on each side of the same cross section of the guide channel. The inflatable membrane control component is an airbag structure that can adjust the inflation height by inflation and deflation, so that the airbag structure can form a high inflation control airbag or a low inflation control airbag according to the inflation volume. The control terminal controls each inflatable membrane control component to inflate and form a high-inflation control airbag or a low-inflation control airbag, which is used to change the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel and control the water level distribution to form an adjustable equivalent flow gradient, thereby realizing dynamic control of the flow diversion, drainage, discharge and operation status of different sections of the tunnel.

[0007] Furthermore, the plurality of drainage nodes include a first drainage node, a second drainage node, and a third drainage node. Each drainage node includes a drainage well and a connecting channel connected to the drainage channel, which are used to realize water collection and drainage in different sections of the tunnel.

[0008] Furthermore, the main body of the inflatable membrane control component is composed of a wear-resistant layer, a pressure-bearing layer, and an airtight layer in sequence from the outside to the inside; the wear-resistant layer is made of polyurethane wear-resistant coated fabric to resist friction and erosion between the material and the tunnel lining and solid particles carried by the water flow; the pressure-bearing layer is made of polyester fiber reinforced PVC membrane material to withstand the expansion pressure after inflation and the water flow load; the airtight layer is made of polyvinylidene chloride coated fabric to maintain the long-term airtightness of the airbag structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the inflatable membrane control assembly is provided with a thickened clamping edge on its exterior. The thickened clamping edge is formed by extending the wear-resistant layer, the pressure-bearing layer and the airtight layer to the edge and then being folded, rolled or stacked. The clamping area of ​​the thickened clamping edge is reinforced with fiber-reinforced material or fabric-reinforced strip to improve the edge tensile strength, tear resistance and sealing performance. The thickened clamping edge cooperates with the fixing clamp to achieve clamping and fixing of the inflatable membrane control assembly and edge sealing.

[0010] Furthermore, the internal structure of the inflatable membrane control component includes an inflation port, a pressure sensor, and a height sensor. The inflation port, pressure sensor, and height sensor are all connected to the control terminal via inflation and signal transmission pipelines. The inflation and signal transmission pipelines pass through the airtight layer via a through-wall sealing interface and are then fixedly installed on the tunnel lining surface. The inflation and signal transmission pipelines of each inflatable membrane control component are connected in parallel to the control terminal to achieve centralized control and synchronous adjustment.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing clamp includes a clamp base, a clamping cover plate, a fixing block, an adjustable block, a thickened clamping edge receiving groove, an adjusting bolt, and a clamping bolt; the thickened clamping edge receiving groove is disposed between two adjustable blocks, and the thickened clamping edge of the inflatable membrane control assembly is located within the thickened clamping edge receiving groove; the adjusting bolt is connected to the adjustable block and is used to adjust the distance between the two adjustable blocks to clamp and seal the thickened clamping edge; the clamping bolt passes through the clamping cover plate, the fixing block, and the clamp base and is anchored to the tunnel lining to achieve a reliable connection between the fixing clamp and the tunnel lining.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple inflatable membrane control components, through different inflation and deflation combinations (i.e. forming high-inflation control airbags or low-inflation control airbags respectively), enable the drainage channel to form three core working modes: natural flow, enhanced flow, and reverse flow, thereby achieving the required flow guidance effect under different conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the control terminal performs closed-loop inflation and deflation control on each inflation membrane control component based on the real-time liquid level information of each collection and drainage well and the feedback information from the pressure sensor and height sensor inside the inflation membrane control component, so as to maintain the control water level line in the drainage channel within the preset range and achieve precise control of the drainage status.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for operating a variable slope tunnel based on an inflatable membrane control component, which is implemented using the above-mentioned variable slope tunnel structure and includes the following steps: S1. Install a fixing clamp at a preset position in the guide channel, place the thickened clamping edge of the air-supported membrane control component into the thickened clamping edge receiving groove of the fixing clamp, lock the clamping edge by adjusting the bolt, and then anchor the fixing clamp to the tunnel lining by tightening the bolt, thus completing the fixing and edge sealing of the air-supported membrane control component and the tunnel lining. S2. Connect the inflation port, pressure sensor and height sensor inside the inflation membrane control component to the corresponding interface of the control terminal through the inflation and signal transmission pipeline, and set a wall-penetrating sealing interface where the line passes through the tunnel lining. Fix the pipeline along the surface of the tunnel lining to complete the electrical and pneumatic connection of the system. S3. Real-time liquid level information of the drainage wells of each drainage node is collected by liquid level sensors and transmitted to the control terminal. The control terminal combines the preset scheduling strategy and tunnel operation conditions to determine the current target scheduling direction and target control water level line. S4. The control terminal sends inflation and deflation commands to each inflatable membrane control component according to the target scheduling direction, and controls the inflation height of each airbag, so that the high inflation control airbag and the low inflation control airbag form a preset combination arrangement, so that the guide channel forms a natural flow state, enhanced flow state or reverse flow state that matches the target working condition. S5. During operation, the control terminal continuously collects real-time feedback information from the pressure sensor and height sensor, monitors the working pressure and inflation height of the airbag in real time, and corrects the inflation volume of each inflation membrane control component in real time based on the feedback results, so that the actual control water level in the drainage channel continuously approaches the target control water level, forming a stable and adjustable equivalent diversion slope, and realizing dynamic closed-loop control of diversion, drainage, discharge and emergency conditions in different sections of the tunnel.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, during the natural flow condition, each air-supported membrane control component is in a low-inflation or uninflated natural state, the local water-blocking effect in the drainage channel is extremely weak, the control water level line is basically distributed along the original flow direction, and the tunnel's normal flow and foundation drainage functions are maintained.

[0016] When the flow pattern is enhanced, the control terminal causes the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components on the same cross section near the upstream side to form a high-inflation control airbag and the upper one to form a low-inflation control airbag. Similarly, on the same cross section near the downstream side, the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components forms a low-inflation control airbag and the upper one forms a high-inflation control airbag. The inflatable membrane control components in between are adjusted according to the flow direction, causing each flow section in the drainage channel to gradually decrease along the predetermined flow direction. This forms a control water level line that gradually rises along the flow direction compared to the natural flow pattern, creating a directional head difference and an equivalent flow slope, thus achieving directional enhanced flow and orderly discharge from the upstream to the target section. When it is necessary to restore the normal drainage state, the control terminal controls each inflatable membrane control component to return to the low-inflation or uninflated natural state, switching the drainage channel to the natural flow pattern.

[0017] When the flow pattern is reversed, the arrangement of the high-inflation and low-inflation control airbags is completely opposite to that of the enhanced flow pattern. This causes the local flow cross-section and water-blocking position within the drainage channel to change segment by segment in the opposite direction, resulting in a reverse distribution of the control water level line and forming a reverse equivalent flow-guiding slope. This achieves reverse flow guidance control or temporary receiving flow guidance in the target section, adapting to special conditions such as downstream blockage and emergency backflow. When it is necessary to restore the normal drainage state, the control terminal controls each inflatable membrane control component to return to a low-inflation or uninflated natural state, switching the drainage channel to a natural flow pattern.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention does not require dismantling or altering the main tunnel structure. By setting up an air-inflatable membrane control component in the existing drainage channel, the flow cross-section and water level distribution can be changed by adjusting the inflation and deflation of air, forming an adjustable equivalent drainage slope. This completely avoids the damage to the main tunnel structure caused by traditional rigid modification. The construction process has minimal interference with tunnel operation and can be implemented quickly without interrupting operation, achieving flexible reconstruction of drainage capacity.

[0019] 2. This invention can flexibly switch between three core working modes—natural flow, enhanced flow, and reverse flow—through the combination of airbag inflation and deflation. It can be adapted to all scenarios such as conventional tunnel drainage, enhanced flow diversion during the flood season, emergency reverse discharge for downstream blockage, and temporary flow diversion in local sections, greatly improving the operational adaptability and emergency response capability of the tunnel drainage system.

[0020] 3. The inflatable membrane control component of the present invention adopts a three-layer composite membrane structure, which has wear resistance, pressure bearing and airtight performance. With the help of special fixing clamps, it can achieve reliable fixation and sealing and has strong operational stability. At the same time, through multi-source data feedback from pressure sensor, height sensor and liquid level sensor, closed-loop precise control is achieved by relying on the control terminal, which can make the guide and drainage state continuously conform to the target working condition and improve the level of fine control of the tunnel guide and drainage system.

[0021] 4. This invention is not only applicable to the design of drainage systems for newly built tunnels, but also to the upgrading and renovation of drainage systems for existing operating tunnels. For drainage structures with different cross-sectional forms such as rectangular box culverts, circular pipes, and drainage channels inside linings, it can be applied simply by making adaptive adjustments to the size of the air-insulated membrane components and clamps. It has strong versatility and extremely high engineering promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the air-inflatable membrane control component in the cross-section of the tunnel guide channel in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the air-filled membrane control component in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the natural flow condition in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of enhanced flow conditions in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the reverse flow condition in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixing fixture in this invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Guiding channel; 2-Tunnel lining; 3-First drainage node; 31-First drainage well; 32-First connecting channel; 33-First flow direction; 4-Second drainage node; 41-Second drainage well; 42-Second connecting channel; 43-Second flow direction; 5-Third drainage node; 51-Third drainage well; 52-Third connecting channel; 53-Third flow direction; 6-First control water level line; 7-Second control water level line; 8-Third control water level line; 9-High-inflation regulating airbag; 10-Low-inflation regulating airbag; 11-Inflatable membrane regulating component; 12-Thickened clamping edge; 13-Flow cross-section; 14-Wear-resistant layer; 15-Pressure bearing 16-Airtight layer; 17-Inflation port; 18-Pressure sensor; 19-Height sensor; 20-Control terminal; 21-Inflation and signal transmission pipeline; 22-Wall-through sealing interface; 23-Uninflated natural state airbag; 24-Natural flow control water level line; 25-Enhanced flow control water level line; 26-Reverse flow control water level line; 131-Natural flow direction; 132-Enhanced flow control direction; 133-Reverse flow control direction; 60-Fixing clamp; 61-Clamp base; 62-Pressure cover plate; 63-Fixing pressure block; 64-Adjustable pressure block; 65-Thickened clamping edge receiving groove; 66-Adjusting bolt; 67-Pressure bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the variable slope tunnel structure based on the inflatable membrane control component provided in this embodiment uses the drainage channel 1 set inside the tunnel lining 2 as the main drainage structure. The first drainage node 3 and the second drainage node 4 are located on the upstream side of the drainage channel 1, and the third drainage node 5 is located on the downstream side. Each drainage node is connected to the drainage channel 1 through a corresponding drainage well and a connecting channel. The first drainage node 3 includes a first drainage well 31 and a first connecting channel 32, the second drainage node 4 includes a second drainage well 41 and a second connecting channel 42, and the third drainage node 5 includes a third drainage well 51 and a third connecting channel 52.

[0032] Multiple inflatable membrane control components 11 are arranged axially at intervals inside the drainage channel 1. The inflatable membrane control components 11 are anchored to the inner wall of the tunnel lining 2 by fixing clamps 60. Each inflatable membrane control component 11 is connected to the control terminal 20 in parallel through an inflation and signal transmission pipeline 21. By controlling the inflation height of each inflatable membrane control component 11, a controllable head difference can be established between the first control water level line 6, the second control water level line 7, and the third control water level line 8, thereby guiding the upstream water inflow to the target section in a predetermined direction within the drainage channel 1, achieving orderly discharge and dynamic control of the operating status.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, every two inflatable membrane control components 11 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower parts of the inner side of the tunnel lining 2 on the cross section of the same diversion channel, forming the flow section 13 of the diversion channel 1 together with the tunnel lining 2. The flow section 13 is a variable section, and its shape changes dynamically with the degree of inflation of the two inflatable membrane control components 11 on the same cross section. By changing the local extension of the airbag into the diversion channel, the local narrowing and height of the flow section 13 can be achieved, thereby adjusting the water flow capacity at different positions in the diversion channel and controlling the water level distribution, ultimately forming an adjustable equivalent diversion slope.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the main body of the inflatable membrane control component 11 is composed of a wear-resistant layer 14, a pressure-bearing layer 15, and an airtight layer 16 sequentially from the outside to the inside. The wear-resistant layer 14 is made of 0.8mm thick polyurethane wear-resistant coated polyester fabric, the pressure-bearing layer 15 is made of 1.2mm thick polyester fiber reinforced PVC membrane material, and the airtight layer 16 is made of 0.5mm thick polyvinylidene chloride coated fabric. The three-layer structure is composite molded by heat sealing process, which has excellent wear resistance, load-bearing capacity and airtightness.

[0035] The inflatable membrane control assembly 11 has a thickened clamping edge 12 around its periphery. The thickened clamping edge 12 is formed by extending three layers of main material towards the edge and then double-folding and heat-sealing. Furthermore, the clamping area of ​​the thickened clamping edge 12 is reinforced with aramid fiber, significantly improving the tensile strength, tear resistance, and sealing stability of the edge area. Inside the airtight layer 16 of the inflatable membrane control assembly 11, there is an inflation port 17, a pressure sensor 18, and a height sensor 19. The inflation port 17 is used to fill or release compressed air into the airtight layer 16, the pressure sensor 18 is used to monitor the internal air pressure in real time, and the height sensor 19 is used to monitor the inflation height and radial displacement of the airbag in real time. The aforementioned air inlet 17, pressure sensor 18, and height sensor 19 are all connected to the external control terminal 20 through the air inflation and signal transmission pipeline 21. The air inflation and signal transmission pipeline 21 passes through the wall-penetrating sealing interface 22, exits from the airtight layer 16, passes through the pressure-bearing layer 15 and wear-resistant layer 14, and is fixedly laid along the surface of the tunnel lining 2, thus avoiding damage to the waterproof system behind the tunnel lining caused by the pipeline layout.

[0036] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in this embodiment, multiple inflatable membrane control components 11, through different inflation / deflation combinations (i.e., forming high-inflation control airbags 9 or low-inflation control airbags 10 respectively), can create three core working states within the drainage channel 1: natural flow, enhanced flow, and reverse flow. The uninflated natural state airbag 23 represents the state of the low-inflation control airbag 10 under uninflated conditions and is not an independent airbag component.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the fixing clamp 60 used to fix the inflatable membrane control assembly 11 in this embodiment includes a clamp base 61, a pressure cover plate 62, a fixing block 63, an adjustable block 64, a thickened clamping edge receiving groove 65, an adjusting bolt 66, and a clamping bolt 67. The clamp base 61 is prefabricated from stainless steel and is set to fit the curved surface of the inner wall of the tunnel lining 2; two adjustable blocks 64 are arranged opposite each other on the inner side of the clamp base 61, forming a thickened clamping edge receiving groove 65 between them.

[0038] During installation, the thickened clamping edge 12 of the inflatable membrane control component 11 is first fully inserted into the thickened clamping edge receiving groove 65. The relative distance between the two adjustable pressure blocks 64 is adjusted by rotating the adjusting bolt 66 to form a uniform clamping force on the thickened clamping edge 12, thereby achieving reliable clamping and fluid sealing of the airbag edge. Then, the pressure cover plate 62 and the fixing pressure block 63 are sequentially covered, and the pressure bolt 67 is tightened. After the pressure bolt 67 passes through the pressure cover plate 62, the fixing pressure block 63 and the clamp base 61, it is anchored to the tunnel lining 2 by chemical anchors, thereby achieving a rigid connection between the fixing clamp 60 and the tunnel lining 2, and a stable installation of the inflatable membrane control component 11.

[0039] The operation method of the variable slope tunnel structure in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps: S1. According to the design dimensions and control requirements of the tunnel guide channel, mark the installation points of each inflatable membrane control component 11 in the guide channel 1. Install the clamp base 61 of the fixing clamp 60 at each point. Place the thickened clamping edge 12 of the inflatable membrane control component 11 into the thickened clamping edge receiving groove 65. Tighten the adjusting bolt 66 to complete the clamping and sealing. Then, anchor the entire fixing clamp 60 to the tunnel lining 2 by the clamping bolt 67 to complete the installation of the inflatable membrane control component 11. S2. Connect the inflation ports 17 of each inflatable membrane control component 11 to the air pump system of the control terminal 20 through inflation pipelines. Connect the signal cables of the pressure sensor 18 and the height sensor 19 to the control module of the control terminal 20. All pipelines pass through the wall-penetrating sealing interface 22 to exit the airbag and are fixed along the surface of the tunnel lining 2 with clips to protect and seal the pipelines. At the same time, install liquid level sensors in each drainage well and connect the liquid level signal to the control terminal 20. S3. During tunnel operation, the control terminal 20 collects the liquid level information of each drainage well in real time. Combined with the preset scheduling strategy issued by the tunnel operation management platform, it automatically determines the current target diversion direction, target control water level line and corresponding operating conditions. S4. The control terminal 20 sends inflation and deflation commands to each inflation membrane control component 11 according to the target working conditions, and precisely controls the inflation height of each airbag, so that the high inflation control airbag 9 and the low inflation control airbag 10 form a preset staggered arrangement, so that the guide channel 1 switches to the corresponding natural flow state, enhanced flow state or reverse flow state.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 4 The diagram shows the natural flow condition, which is the routine operating condition for daily tunnel operation. At this time, all the air-supported membrane control components 11 in the drainage channel 1 are in an uninflated natural state. There is no local water obstruction in the drainage channel, forming a natural flow direction 131 that is consistent with the original longitudinal slope of the drainage channel 1. The natural flow control water level line 24 is stably distributed along the original flow direction. The structure completely maintains the normal flow and basic drainage functions of the tunnel, and the airbag structure has no additional energy consumption or loss.

[0041] Figure 5 The diagram shows an enhanced flow condition, which is suitable for scenarios where there is a sudden increase in upstream water inflow and it is necessary to enhance the downstream diversion and discharge. Along the axial direction of the drainage channel 1, the control terminal causes the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components 11 on the same cross section near the upstream side to form a high-inflation control airbag 9 and the upper one to form a low-inflation control airbag 10. Similarly, the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components 11 on the same cross section near the downstream side forms a low-inflation control airbag 10 and the upper one forms a high-inflation control airbag 9. The inflatable membrane control components 11 in between are adjusted according to the flow direction, thereby causing each flow section 13 in the drainage channel to gradually shrink and decrease in position along the predetermined enhanced flow control water flow direction 132. This forms an enhanced flow control water level line 25 that gradually rises along the flow direction compared to the natural flow condition, creating a directional equivalent flow slope and head difference. This significantly improves the flow capacity in the specified direction, enabling directional flow and orderly discharge of upstream water to the target downstream section, thus avoiding the risk of flooding in the upstream section.

[0042] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the reverse flow condition, which is suitable for scenarios where downstream sections are blocked, requiring emergency reverse drainage, or where temporary reverse flow is needed for maintenance of local sections. In this condition, the alternating arrangement of the high-inflation control airbag 9 and the low-inflation control airbag 10 is adjusted to be completely opposite to that of the enhanced flow condition. This causes the flow sections 13 and water-blocking positions within the drainage channel to change segment by segment in the opposite direction, forming a reverse flow control water flow direction 133 and a reverse flow control water level line 26 that rises segment by segment along the reverse flow direction. This constructs a reverse equivalent guiding slope, achieving reverse flow control of the target section, solving the emergency drainage problem after downstream blockage, and allowing downstream section maintenance work to be completed without interrupting tunnel operation.

[0043] S5. During operation, the control terminal 20 continuously collects real-time feedback data from the pressure sensors 18 and height sensors 19 in each airbag, as well as the liquid level change data of each drainage well, forming a closed-loop control circuit. It corrects the inflation amount of each air-inflated membrane control component 11 in real time, so that the actual control water level in the drainage channel 1 continuously approaches the target control water level, forming a stable equivalent diversion slope, and realizing dynamic and precise control of the tunnel drainage operation status.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable slope tunnel structure based on an inflatable membrane control component, characterized in that, The system includes a tunnel lining, a drainage channel located inside the tunnel lining, and multiple drainage nodes connected to the drainage channel. It is characterized by further including multiple inflatable membrane control components located within the drainage channel, a fixing clamp for fixing the inflatable membrane control components to the tunnel lining, and a control terminal connected to each inflatable membrane control component. Multiple inflatable membrane control components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the guide channel, and one inflatable membrane control component is arranged on each side of the same cross section of the guide channel. The inflatable membrane control component is an airbag structure that can adjust the inflation height by inflation and deflation, so that the airbag structure can form a high inflation control airbag or a low inflation control airbag according to the inflation volume. The control terminal controls each inflatable membrane control component to inflate and form a high-inflation control airbag or a low-inflation control airbag, which is used to change the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel and control the water level distribution to form an adjustable equivalent flow gradient, thereby realizing dynamic control of the flow diversion, drainage, discharge and operation status of different sections of the tunnel.

2. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of drainage nodes include a first drainage node, a second drainage node, and a third drainage node. Each drainage node includes a drainage well and a connecting channel that connects to the drainage channel.

3. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the inflatable membrane control component is composed of a wear-resistant layer, a pressure-bearing layer and an airtight layer from the outside to the inside. The wear-resistant layer is used to resist the friction and erosion of water flow and entrained particles, the pressure-bearing layer is used to withstand the internal pressure of inflation and water flow load, and the airtight layer is used to maintain the airtightness of the airbag structure.

4. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inflatable membrane control assembly has a thickened clamping edge on its exterior. The thickened clamping edge is formed by extending the wear-resistant layer, the pressure-bearing layer and the airtight layer to the edge and then being folded, rolled or stacked. The thickened clamping edge cooperates with the fixing fixture to achieve clamping and fixing of the inflatable membrane control assembly and edge sealing.

5. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflatable membrane control assembly is equipped with an inflation port, a pressure sensor, and a height sensor. The inflation port, pressure sensor, and height sensor are all connected to the control terminal through inflation and signal transmission pipelines. The inflation and signal transmission pipelines pass through the airtight layer through the wall sealing interface and are fixedly installed on the surface of the tunnel lining. The inflation and signal transmission pipelines of each inflatable membrane control assembly are connected in parallel to the control terminal.

6. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing clamp includes a clamp base, a clamping cover plate, a fixing block, an adjustable block, a thickened clamping edge receiving groove, an adjusting bolt, and a clamping bolt. The thickened clamping edge receiving groove is located between two adjustable blocks, and the thickened clamping edge of the inflatable membrane control component is located within the thickened clamping edge receiving groove. The adjusting bolt is connected to the adjustable block and is used to adjust the distance between the two adjustable blocks to clamp the thickened clamping edge. The clamping bolt passes through the clamping cover plate, the fixing block, and the clamp base and is anchored to the tunnel lining to achieve a fixed connection between the fixing clamp and the tunnel lining.

7. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple inflatable membrane control components, through different combinations of inflation and deflation, enable the flow channels to form natural flow, enhanced flow, and reverse flow states.

8. The variable slope tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control terminal performs closed-loop inflation and deflation control on each inflatable membrane control component based on the liquid level information of each collection and drainage well and the feedback information from the pressure sensor and height sensor in the inflatable membrane control component, so that the control water level line in the drainage channel is maintained within a preset range.

9. A method for operating a variable gradient tunnel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Install a fixing clamp at a preset position in the guide channel, and place the thickened clamping edge of the inflatable membrane control component into the thickened clamping edge receiving groove of the fixing clamp to complete the fixing and sealing of the inflatable membrane control component and the tunnel lining. S2. Connect the air inlet, pressure sensor, and height sensor inside the inflatable membrane control component to the control terminal through the air and signal transmission pipeline, and set a through-wall sealing interface where the line passes through the tunnel lining to complete the fixed layout of the line. S3. Collect real-time liquid level information of the collection and drainage wells of each collection and drainage node, and determine the target scheduling direction and target control water level line in combination with the preset scheduling strategy. S4. By controlling the inflation and deflation states of each inflatable membrane control component through the control terminal, the high inflation control airbag and the low inflation control airbag are arranged in a preset combination, so that the guide channel forms a natural flow state, enhanced flow state or reverse flow state. S5. During operation, real-time feedback information from pressure and height sensors is continuously collected. Based on the feedback results, the inflation volume of each air-supported membrane control component is adjusted in real time to make the actual control water level in the drainage channel approach the target control water level, forming an adjustable equivalent diversion slope, and realizing dynamic control of diversion, drainage, discharge and emergency conditions in different sections of the tunnel.

10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S4, during the natural flow condition, the control terminal controls each air-supported membrane control component to be in a low-inflation or uninflated natural state, and the control water level line in the guide channel is distributed along the original guide direction to maintain the normal flow state. When the flow pattern is enhanced, the control terminal causes the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components on the same cross section near the upstream side to form a high-inflation control airbag and the upper one to form a low-inflation control airbag. Similarly, the lower of the two inflatable membrane control components on the same cross section near the downstream side forms a low-inflation control airbag and the upper one forms a high-inflation control airbag. The inflatable membrane control components in between are adjusted according to the flow direction, so that each flow section in the drainage channel gradually decreases along the predetermined flow direction, forming a directional control water level line and an equivalent flow slope in the drainage channel. This achieves cross-section directional flow guidance and orderly discharge, forming a directional enhanced flow guidance state. When the flow pattern is reversed, the high-inflation control airbags and low-inflation control airbags are arranged in the opposite direction to the enhanced flow pattern, so that the control water level lines are distributed in the opposite direction, forming a reverse flow control state.

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