Artificial bottom reinforcing process

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial false bottom reinforcing process, which belongs to the technical field of mine engineering, and is characterized in that a cable hole communicated with the interior of a stope is formed in the inner wall of a roadway outside a crushed zone, and a fixing rope is arranged in the stope from the cable hole to provide additional fixing force, so that the structural stability of a bottom beam in the crushed zone is improved; and the possibility of instability under the condition that the artificial false bottom fixed foundation comprises a fracture zone area is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to an artificial false bottom reinforcement process. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of mining technology and equipment, more and more mines are venturing into deeper areas. A primary challenge in deep mining is high ground stress. Under the influence of ground stress, mining operations may suffer from geological disasters such as roof falls, spalling, and even collapses. Reducing the exposed mining area is an effective way to mitigate the impact of ground stress. Downward-facing mining, due to its low yield rate and small exposed roof area, has become the main mining method for high-grade deep resources. In downward-facing mining, workers operate under a false bottom, making the stability of the artificial false bottom crucial for their safety. In the artificial false bottom load-bearing structure, the bottom beam is the main load-bearing structure. However, when the surrounding rock is highly fractured, the bottom beam cannot effectively support the false bottom. Furthermore, in some downward-facing mining operations without roof or bottom pillars, if a layered, filled false bottom becomes unstable, it could lead to the collapse of the entire intermediate section. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the artificial false bottom technology in the context of mining intermediate sections of fractured ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides an artificial false bottom reinforcement process, including: Reinforce the sidewalls of the stope and pre-install anchor bolts, wherein the sidewalls of the stope include the fractured zone of the ore body; Cable holes were excavated from the inner wall of the tunnel into the mining area; Bottom beams are installed at intervals along the mining access route; A fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole into the bottom beam to secure the bottom beam; the fixing rope is connected to the bottom beam; the fixing rope is at least partially fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel. An artificial false bottom is formed using the bottom beam as the construction foundation.

[0004] In some embodiments, the cable hole excavated from the inner wall of the roadway into the stope includes: Multiple cable holes are excavated intermittently from the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer into the mining area, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam.

[0005] In some embodiments, the cable hole excavated from the inner wall of the roadway into the stope includes: Multiple cable holes were excavated at intervals from the sidewall of the connecting roadway of the upper layer into the stope, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam.

[0006] In some embodiments, multiple cable holes are excavated at intervals from the segmented roadway wall of the upper layer into the mining area, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam setting position, and the projection of the central axis of the cable hole in the vertical direction overlaps with the central axis of the bottom beam.

[0007] In some embodiments, the reinforcement of the stope sidewall and the pre-installation of anchor bolts include: The broken surrounding rock of the mining sidewall was treated with shotcrete. After the surface shotcrete layer solidified, the broken surrounding rock area was drilled and grouted. On the inner walls of both sides above the bottom plate in the stope, multiple anchor bolt holes are set at intervals along the strike, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole, wherein the anchor bolt is at least partially exposed outside the anchor bolt hole.

[0008] In some embodiments, multiple anchor bolt holes are spaced apart along the direction on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole. A connecting rod is sleeved on the anchor bolt, and the connecting rod includes: A sleeve portion is used to sleeve the connecting tie rod onto the anchor rod; Connection portion, the connection portion being used for pre-formed reinforcement connection foundation; The method of setting multiple anchor bolt holes at intervals along the direction on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope, and setting an anchor bolt in each anchor bolt hole, includes: Multiple anchor bolt holes are installed at intervals along the strike on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope. The sleeve part of the connecting rod is pre-sleeved into the anchor rod body; The anchor bolt equipped with the connecting rod is inserted into the anchor bolt hole and fixed.

[0009] In some embodiments, the connecting portion includes: Connecting slot; The construction of an artificial false bottom using a bottom beam as the foundation includes: After the anchor rod has formed anchoring force, the steel bar is pre-bent to form a bent section in the work area; The pre-bent steel bars are transported to the anchor rod, the bent parts are placed in the connecting groove, and then the bent parts are welded to the connecting groove.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method of spaced bottom beams along the mining access route includes: A protective cushion layer is laid on the bottom plate of the mining area, and an isolation layer and a fall protection net are laid on top of the protective cushion layer in sequence. Support components are installed in the reinforced sidewall of the mining area. The support components and the pad plate form a lifting and limiting effect on both ends of the bottom beam, and the bottom beam is erected above the fall protection net. Suspension components are used to connect the bottom beam to the support components on the top or side wall of the mining area.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of threading a fixing rope through the cable hole into the bottom beam to secure the bottom beam includes: A support member is installed at the position corresponding to the cable hole in the roadway. The support member forms a stable connection with the inner wall of the roadway. After the fixing rope passes around the support member or is fixedly connected to the support member, it passes through the cable hole into the mining area. A connecting structure adapted for the installation of fixing ropes is provided on the bottom beam. After the fixing ropes pass through the connecting structure, the fixing ropes are fixed to the bottom beam in a detachable or non-detachable manner by a locking device. After the fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole and fixed to the bottom beam, it forms a traction constraint on the bottom beam.

[0012] In some embodiments, the formation of an artificial false bottom using the bottom beam as the construction foundation includes: A steel mesh is laid above the bottom beam. The steel mesh includes main bars perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and secondary bars along the direction of the ore body. The secondary bars are arranged to cross and connect with the main bars. Vertical connecting bars are set at the edge of the steel mesh. One end of the vertical connecting bar is fixed to the steel mesh, and the other end is connected to the steel structure of the mining sidewall or filling body.

[0013] This application provides an artificial false bottom reinforcement process, which improves the structural stability of the bottom beam in the fractured zone by making cable holes in the inner wall of the roadway outside the fractured zone and connecting them to the inside of the stope, and setting fixing ropes from the cable holes to the stope to provide additional fixing force, thereby reducing the possibility of instability in the artificial false bottom fixed foundation including the fractured zone area. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a basic process diagram of an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S102; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another optimized process for S102 of an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S101; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S402; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S105; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S103; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S104; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a further optimized process of artificial false bottom reinforcement provided in the embodiments of this application regarding S105; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom beam suspension structure of an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure of an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method between the bent steel bar and the connecting tie rod in an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a plan view of the cable hole arrangement in an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the fixing rope and the bottom beam in an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in this application embodiment; Figure 15 This is a front view schematic diagram of an artificial false bottom structure formed by an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 18 This is a side view schematic diagram of an artificial false bottom structure formed by an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 19 yes Figure 18 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 20 This is a top view schematic diagram of the artificial false bottom structure formed by an artificial false bottom reinforcement process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 01, Anchor bolt; 11, Ore cushion layer; 12, Plastic sheet; 13, Wire mesh; 14, Reinforcing mesh; 15, Bottom beam; 151, Circular opening; 16, Round steel; 17, Pad plate; 18, Main reinforcement; 19, Secondary reinforcement; 21, Anchor bolt tie rod; 221, Collar; 222, Tie rod; 22, Hanging bar; 23, Hook; 31, Sectional tunnel; 32, Cable hole; 33, Wire rope; 34, Column. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0019] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0025] An artificial false bottom reinforcement process, referring to Figure 1 ,include: S101. Reinforce the sidewalls of the stope and pre-install anchor bolts. The sidewalls of the stope include the fractured zone of the ore body. Specifically, the stope in this context refers to the stope that forms a goaf after mining. The fractured zone of the ore body contained in the stope sidewall is the weakest part in terms of stability and is prone to collapse due to mining disturbance and ground stress. In the process of constructing an artificial false bottom, the artificial false bottom is usually fixed to the stope sidewall. This makes the area of ​​the stope sidewall containing the fractured zone a weak point in the artificial false bottom, which in turn leads to the loss of the artificial false bottom's load-bearing capacity and instability.

[0026] Therefore, this step requires reinforcement of the sidewalls of the mining area, especially the fractured zone of the ore body, so that the loose and fractured surrounding rock can form an integral load-bearing structure and avoid instability of the sidewalls during the subsequent installation of the bottom beam and construction of the false bottom.

[0027] The purpose of pre-installing anchor bolts is to provide support points for the subsequent artificial false bottom reinforcement mesh, tie rods and other structures, and to transfer the force of the artificial false bottom to the sidewall of the stope, so that the sidewall of the stope and the artificial false bottom form a coordinated force, thereby improving the artificial false bottom's resistance to displacement and instability.

[0028] For example, the sidewalls of the stope are inspected, and the distribution range of the ore body fracture zone is marked. The sidewalls (including the marked ore body fracture zones) are then shotcreted to cover the sidewall surface, sealing the surface fissures of the surrounding rock. After the shotcrete layer solidifies to a point where it has preliminary bearing capacity, grouting holes are drilled into the surrounding rock corresponding to the ore body fracture zone. Consolidation grout, such as cement grout or resin grout, is injected through these holes, allowing the grout to penetrate into the pores and fissures of the fractured surrounding rock. After the grout has completely solidified, the fracture zone... An integral reinforcement layer is formed in the surrounding rock. On both sides of the reinforced mining area, at a reasonable position above the mining floor, anchor bolt holes are drilled at intervals along the mining direction. The anchor bolt holes are inclined downward to adapt to the force transmission requirements of the subsequent artificial false bottom. The anchor bolts are inserted into the anchor bolt holes, and the anchor bolts are firmly bonded to the surrounding rock through anchoring media such as resin anchoring agent or cement mortar. The end of the anchor bolt away from the surrounding rock is exposed in the anchor bolt hole, and the exposed part is reserved with sufficient length for subsequent stable connection with the steel reinforcement structure of the artificial false bottom.

[0029] S102, Excavating cable holes from the inner wall of the roadway into the mining area; Specifically, the cable hole is the channel through which the fixing rope enters the mining area from the roadway. The excavation direction and position of the cable hole must match the layout direction and connection point of the bottom beam so that the fixing rope can directly act on the stress position of the bottom beam after passing through the cable hole, such as the connection structure at both ends, providing a foundation for the subsequent installation of the fixing rope.

[0030] It should be noted that the inner wall of the roadway here can include the inner walls of segmented roadways, stope connecting roads, and stage haulage roadways. For example, when the inner wall of the roadway refers to the inner wall of segmented roadways and stage haulage roadways, the segmented roadway that is compatible with the current construction layer of the stope is identified, and the inner wall of the segmented roadway is used as the starting point for cable hole excavation. Based on the subsequent layout direction of the bottom beam, the excavation direction of the cable hole is determined, so that the extension direction of the cable hole is perpendicular to the stope approach direction, and the fixing rope can be aligned with the bottom beam after being threaded through. To create traction, mark the excavation points of the cable holes on the inner wall of the roadway, based on the connection position of the bottom beam. Excavate the cable holes at intervals along the marked points into the mining area. During the excavation process, keep the tunnel straight and the inner wall flat, avoiding obvious bends or protrusions. After the cable holes are excavated, clean the rock debris and dust in the tunnel to ensure that the tunnel is unobstructed. The diameter of the cable hole should match the outer diameter of the fixing rope. The end position of the cable hole should correspond to the preset connection point of the subsequent bottom beam, so that the fixing rope can directly form a stable connection with the bottom beam after passing through the cable hole.

[0031] When the inner wall of the roadway refers to the inner wall of the mining area connecting roadway, the mining area connecting roadway is often perpendicular to the spacing direction of the bottom beam, but parallel to the length extension direction of the bottom beam body. This means that the hole from the mining area connecting roadway into the mining area is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the mining area connecting roadway, but has an angle with it. Unlike segmented roadways, the mining area connecting roadway is often located in the middle of the mining area, so that the cable holes can be evenly distributed on the two inner walls opposite to the mining area connecting roadway, avoiding the cable holes being all located on the inner wall of the same side of the roadway.

[0032] For example, the extension direction of the stope connecting road is parallel to the length extension direction of the bottom beam body and perpendicular to the spacing direction of the bottom beam along the stope access direction; the stope connecting road is located in the middle of the stope and has two opposing inner walls for cable hole excavation.

[0033] Based on the spacing pattern of the bottom beams and the preset connection point positions, the cable hole excavation points are evenly marked on the two inner walls opposite to each other in the mining area connecting road, so that the cable hole points on both sides correspond one-to-one or are staggered. The even arrangement on both sides avoids the cable holes on one side being too dense.

[0034] The cable hole is excavated into the mining area along the marked points, with the excavation direction forming a matching angle with the extension direction of the mining area connecting road, so that the extension trajectory of the cable hole can point to the preset connection point of the corresponding bottom beam; during the excavation process, the hole is kept straight and the inner wall is flat to avoid wear or uneven stress on the fixing rope due to the bending of the hole.

[0035] S103. Bottom beams are installed at intervals along the mining access route; For example, a protective pad is laid on the bottom plate of the mining area and leveled manually. An isolation layer and a fall protection net are laid on top of the pad in sequence to form the foundation bearing surface for the bottom beam, thus avoiding uneven stress caused by direct contact between the bottom beam and the loose bottom plate.

[0036] The layout direction of the bottom beams is determined according to the direction of the mining access, so that the bottom beams extend along the direction of the mining access; combined with the mining span, expected load and the traction points of the subsequent fixing ropes, the laying positions of the bottom beams are marked at reasonable intervals above the fall protection net, so that each bottom beam is evenly distributed and the force is balanced.

[0037] Position each bottom beam to its marked location, ensuring it is stably erected above the fall arrest net. A support structure composed of round steel bars and pads is installed below both ends of the bottom beam to provide stable support and limit its movement. Simultaneously, a suspension structure composed of reinforcing bars and round steel bars is used to suspend the bottom beam to the stable surrounding rock at the top or side of the mining area, creating a composite fixed state of support, load-bearing, and fall arrest, thus preventing displacement or overturning of the bottom beam.

[0038] After checking the flatness and fixing reliability of the base beam, pre-set connection structures, such as holes and buckles, at both ends of the base beam to adapt to the subsequent fixing ropes, so that the fixing ropes can accurately form a stable connection with the base beam, and complete the spacing setting and fixing of the base beam.

[0039] S104. A fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole into the bottom beam to fix the bottom beam, and the fixing rope is connected to the bottom beam; the fixing rope is at least partially fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel. This step involves using a fixing rope to establish a stable connection between the bottom beam and the inner wall of the tunnel. The tension of the fixing rope restricts the displacement of the bottom beam, thus working in conjunction with the fixing structure of the bottom beam itself to improve the structural stability of the bottom beam fixed under the fracture zone.

[0040] For example, select a fixing rope that is suitable for the stress requirements of the stope, such as a steel wire rope, and slowly insert one end of the fixing rope into the stope from the side of the roadway through the cable hole, so that the fixing rope is not stuck or bent in the cable hole, and avoids damage to the fixing rope due to friction of the hole. The end of the fixed rope that is inserted into the mining area is connected to the pre-set connection structure of the bottom beam. If it passes through the openings at both ends of the bottom beam, locking devices such as buckles and clamps are used to form a detachable or non-detachable stable fixation between the fixed rope and the bottom beam, so that there is no relative slippage between the fixed rope and the bottom beam. After tightening the fixing rope and adjusting its tension to a uniform state, fix the other end of the fixing rope inside the tunnel to the pre-set support. Methods such as wrapping or locking can be used to indirectly fix the fixing rope, at least partially, to the tunnel wall through the support, or the end of the fixing rope can be directly fixed to a stable structure on the tunnel wall, ensuring the fixing rope provides continuous and stable traction.

[0041] S105. An artificial false bottom is formed using the bottom beam as the construction foundation.

[0042] For example, a protective pad is laid under the bottom plate and bottom beam of the mining area, and the surface is manually leveled until there are no protrusions or depressions, so that the bottom beam is evenly stressed; an isolation layer is laid on top of the pad, with the edges folded up around the mining area access road to achieve seepage prevention and isolation functions; a fall protection net is laid on top of the isolation layer to cover the entire mining area and form a preliminary anti-fall protection.

[0043] Using the bottom beam as a supporting foundation, a steel mesh is laid on top of the bottom beam. The steel mesh includes main bars perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and secondary bars along the direction of the ore body, arranged in a cross pattern with the main bars at the bottom and the secondary bars at the top. The edges of the steel mesh are adapted according to the boundary of the mining area or the location of the filling body, such as folding them up towards the filling body side.

[0044] By pre-setting anchor rods, the main bars in the steel mesh are fixed to the anchor rods, and each anchor rod is connected to at least one main bar to form a multi-point anchoring system; At the intersections and laps of reinforcing bars, wire ties or welding are used to fix them, making the reinforcing mesh a whole and preventing local loosening. If one side of the mining area is a tailings backfill, the steel bars on the corresponding side of the steel mesh are welded to the steel bars inside the backfill to achieve the connection between the false bottom and the backfill.

[0045] Hanging bars are arranged along both sides of the mining area. The upper end of the hanging bars is connected to the pre-set hooks on the top plate of the mining area, and the lower end is fixed to the steel mesh to form a vertical suspension reinforcement. Hooks are buried at the edge of the bottom plate, vertically inserted into the pad layer and fixed to the steel mesh to further restrict the displacement of the steel mesh. Finally, the steel mesh and the bottom anti-fall net are connected with iron wire so that the two layers of structure can work together to bear the force.

[0046] This application provides an artificial false bottom reinforcement process, which involves making cable holes in the inner wall of the roadway outside the fractured zone to connect to the inside of the stope, and setting fixing ropes from the cable holes to the stope to provide additional fixing force, thereby improving the structural stability of the bottom beam inside the fractured zone, and thus reducing the possibility of instability in the artificial false bottom fixed foundation including the fractured zone area.

[0047] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2 In S102, the cable hole excavated from the inner wall of the roadway into the mining area includes: S201. Multiple cable holes are excavated intermittently from the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer into the mining area, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam setting position.

[0048] The cable hole is excavated on the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer and located above the bottom beam. This allows the fixing rope to pass through the cable hole and connect to the bottom beam at an inclined angle from top to bottom, forming a composite constraint of vertical pull and lateral traction. Compared with horizontal traction, this is more effective in resisting the vertical displacement and overturning risk of the bottom beam caused by the upper load or the disturbance of the surrounding rock.

[0049] The location of the cable holes above the bottom beam includes two situations: one is that the cable holes correspond one-to-one with the bottom beam, in which case the cable holes are located directly above the bottom beam; the other is that multiple cable holes form a many-to-one relationship with the bottom beam, and the bottom beam is located on the symmetrical center line of the multiple cable holes, because asymmetrically placed cable holes may lead to uneven stress on the bottom beam.

[0050] For example, if a one-to-one correspondence between cable holes and bottom beams is adopted, the cable hole excavation points are marked on the inner wall of the upper layered roadway, corresponding to the preset setting position of each bottom beam, so that each point is located in the area directly above the corresponding bottom beam, and the subsequent fixing rope can be perpendicularly pointed to the stress point of the bottom beam after being threaded through. If a multiple cable hole to single bottom beam multiple-to-one method is adopted, for the preset setting position of each bottom beam, at least two cable hole excavation points are marked on the inner wall of the upper layered roadway, so that the preset setting position of the bottom beam is on the symmetrical center line of the multiple cable hole point group, avoiding the stress imbalance of the bottom beam due to the asymmetrical arrangement of cable holes.

[0051] Cable holes are excavated into the mining area along all marked points. During the excavation process, the holes are kept straight and the inner walls are flat to avoid bending or deviating. The excavation direction of the cable holes is guided by the downward tilt angle formed after the fixed rope passes through the holes. This is adapted to the installation height of the bottom beam and the distance between the bottom beam and the sidewall of the roadway. This ensures that the fixed rope generates both lateral traction and vertical pull after it is installed, achieving a combined constraint effect of lateral traction and vertical pull to resist the risk of vertical displacement and overturning of the bottom beam.

[0052] In some implementations, refer to Figure 3 In S102, the cable hole excavation from the inner wall of the roadway into the mining area includes: S301, excavating multiple cable holes at intervals from the side wall of the mining area connecting roadway of the upper layer into the mining area, with the cable hole positions above the bottom beam setting position.

[0053] As a key passage connecting the stope to other roadways, the extension direction of the stope connection roadway is usually parallel to the extension direction of the bottom beam body and perpendicular to the spacing direction of the bottom beam. This means that the holes from the stope connection roadway into the stope are neither perpendicular nor parallel to the stope connection roadway, but rather at an angle. This results in the fixing of the rope forming a combination of vertical downward tension and oblique traction. Compared to the combination of vertical downward tension and lateral traction, the advantage of the lateral traction is that the lateral traction can only restrict the lateral displacement of the bottom beam along the direction perpendicular to the stope approach, while the oblique traction can be decomposed into a lateral component perpendicular to the stope approach and a longitudinal component along the stope approach. This achieves the purpose of simultaneously constraining the lateral offset and the movement along the approach direction of the bottom beam with a single fixed rope. This adapts to the multi-directional deformation of the bottom beam caused by mining disturbance in the fractured ore body and avoids local instability caused by single-direction constraint. Moreover, unlike segmented roadways, the stope connection roadway is often located in the middle of the stope, which allows for the even distribution of cable holes on the two opposing inner walls of the stope connection roadway, avoiding the fact that all cable holes are located on the inner wall of the same side of the roadway.

[0054] For example, if a one-to-one correspondence between cable holes and bottom beams is adopted, the cable hole excavation points are marked on the inner wall of the connecting roadway of the upper layer of the mining area, corresponding to the preset setting position of each bottom beam, so that each point is located in the area directly above the bottom beam; combined with the planned included angle, the lateral position of the cable hole on the inner wall of the connecting roadway is adjusted so that the cable hole excavation direction is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the connecting roadway, so that the fixed rope can generate vertical downward pull force and oblique traction force after being threaded, and the oblique component force can cover the lateral and longitudinal displacement risks of the bottom beam.

[0055] If a multi-to-one method of multiple cable holes and a single bottom beam is adopted, for the preset setting position of each bottom beam, at least two cable hole points are marked on the inner wall of the connecting roadway of the upper layer of the stope, and two corresponding cable hole points are marked on the inner wall of the stope, so that the bottom beam is located on the symmetrical center line of the cable hole points in the stope.

[0056] Cable holes are excavated into the mining area along all marked points. During the excavation process, the holes are kept straight and the inner walls are flat. The preset included angle direction is strictly followed to avoid the holes from deviating from the design direction of the fixing rope. The excavation direction of the cable holes must simultaneously meet the requirements of the cable hole points on the inner side of the mining area connecting road and the cable hole points in the mining area.

[0057] In some embodiments, in S201, multiple cable holes are excavated at intervals from the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer into the mining area. The cable holes are located above the bottom beam setting position, and the projection of the central axis of the cable hole in the vertical direction overlaps with the central axis of the bottom beam.

[0058] This can be understood as follows: each bottom beam corresponds to a cable hole. The central axis of the cable hole is projected vertically and overlaps with the central axis of the bottom beam. This vertical projection overlap ensures that after the fixing rope passes through the cable hole, the vertical projection of the tension direction falls on the stress center of the bottom beam, i.e., the central axis. There is no eccentric load, which can avoid the bottom beam from twisting or local stress concentration due to force offset. Secondly, the cable hole excavation point can be deduced in reverse using the central axis of the bottom beam as a reference, without the need for complex symmetrical calibration. This simplifies the position matching logic between the cable hole and the bottom beam and saves the manpower consumed in inspection and verification inside and outside the roadway.

[0059] At the same time, each cable hole corresponds to a separate bottom beam, and the central axis of the cable hole is required to overlap with the central axis of the bottom beam, so that the combined tension of the fixing rope is transmitted along the central axis of the bottom beam and the force on both sides of the bottom beam is balanced.

[0060] In some implementations, refer to Figure 4 S101, Reinforcing the sidewalls of the mining area and pre-installing anchor bolts includes: S401. Shotcrete treatment is carried out on the broken surrounding rock of the mining sidewall. After the surface shotcrete layer solidifies, borehole grouting is carried out in the broken surrounding rock area. Specifically, the purpose of this step is to address the problem of loose and unstable fractured surrounding rock on the sidewall of the mining area. The shotcrete treatment first seals the surface cracks of the surrounding rock to prevent broken rock fragments from falling, while simultaneously forming a preliminary protective layer. After the shotcrete layer solidifies, drilling and grouting are carried out to allow the grout to penetrate into the pores and cracks inside the surrounding rock, cementing the loose rock fragments into a whole, improving the compressive strength and stability of the surrounding rock, and preventing safety issues caused by surrounding rock collapse during subsequent construction.

[0061] For example, the shotcrete equipment is started to uniformly spray grout to cover the marked fracture zone on the sidewall of the mining area and the surrounding rock within a certain range, so that the shotcrete layer seals the cracks and holes on the surface of the surrounding rock without any missed spraying or gaps; during the shotcrete process, the spraying direction is kept perpendicular to the sidewall so that the shotcrete layer is in close contact with the surface of the surrounding rock.

[0062] Once the shotcrete layer has solidified to the point where it has initial load-bearing capacity (as long as there is no obvious indentation when pressed), mark the excavation points of the grouting holes on the surface of the shotcrete layer according to the distribution range of the fracture zone. The points are evenly distributed along the fracture zone so that the grout can fully penetrate.

[0063] Drill grouting holes into the fractured surrounding rock along the marked points. The drilling depth should be such that the fractured zone is penetrated and the stable surrounding rock area is reached. Insert the grouting pipe into the grouting hole and start the grouting pump to inject consolidation grout (such as cement grout, resin grout, etc.) into the hole. Observe the grout penetration during the grouting process until the grout overflows from the cracks or the grouting pressure reaches a stable state. Stop the grouting and seal the grouting hole. After the grout has completely solidified, a consolidated surrounding rock layer is formed.

[0064] S402. On the inner walls of both sides above the bottom plate in the stope, multiple anchor bolt holes are set at intervals along the strike, and an anchor bolt is set in each anchor bolt hole, wherein the anchor bolt is at least partially exposed outside the anchor bolt hole.

[0065] Specifically, the purpose of this step is to provide rigid anchoring points for the subsequent artificial false bottom reinforcement mesh. Anchor bolt holes are set in the reinforced sidewall and anchor bolts are inserted. The anchoring force is formed by the friction and adhesion between the anchor bolts and the consolidated surrounding rock, making the anchor bolts a bridge connecting the stope sidewall and the artificial false bottom. At least part of the anchor bolts are exposed to reserve space for connection with the anchor bolt tie rods and reinforcement mesh, so that the subsequent reinforcement mesh can be firmly combined with the anchor bolts through the tie rods, so that the artificial false bottom and the sidewall form a cooperative force-bearing system and avoid the false bottom bearing the load in isolation.

[0066] For example, on the inner walls of both sides of the grouting consolidation stope, at a reasonable position above the stope floor (such as above the top surface of the corresponding roadway section), mark the drilling points of the anchor bolt holes at even intervals along the stope strike. Drill the anchor bolt holes along the marked points, with the drilling direction at an appropriate angle to the stope sidewall (to maximize the anchor bolt anchoring force). The drilling depth is guided by the requirement that the anchor bolts can form a reliable anchoring force after installation.

[0067] The anchor rod is inserted into the drilled anchor hole, and the gap between the anchor rod and the hole wall is filled with an anchoring medium (such as resin anchoring agent, cement mortar, etc.) to make the anchor rod firmly bonded to the surrounding rock. The position of the anchor rod is adjusted so that the end of the anchor rod away from the surrounding rock is exposed in the anchor hole. The exposed length is determined to meet the subsequent connection requirements with anchor rod tie rods and steel mesh.

[0068] In some implementations, refer to Figure 5 On the inner walls of both sides above the floor of the stope, multiple anchor bolt holes are spaced apart along the strike, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole. A connecting rod is fitted onto the anchor bolt, and the connecting rod includes: The sleeve is used to sleeve the tie rod onto the anchor rod; It can be understood that the sleeve part is the part that enables the detachable or integrated sleeve of the connecting rod and the anchor rod, adapts to the shape of the anchor rod body, so that it does not loosen after sleeve and does not affect the anchor rod implantation, while avoiding components such as the anchor rod tray and conforming to the shape of the surrounding rock surface.

[0069] Connection section, the connection section is used for the connection foundation with pre-formed reinforcement; This can be understood as a pre-formed adaptable structure for rebar connection, such as a groove or boss structure. It eliminates the need for secondary processing of tie rods on site, directly providing a stable foundation for rebar welding, snap-fit, and other connection methods. This simplifies the connection process between rebar and anchor rod, and avoids the problem of insufficient operating space for bent rebar in fractured areas due to dense anchor rods and small anchor rod spacing. This is because bent rebar needs to be bent into a shape that can fit onto the anchor rod.

[0070] Based on this, in S402, multiple anchor bolt holes are installed at intervals along the strike on both inner walls above the bottom plate in the stope, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole, including: S501. Multiple anchor bolt holes are installed at intervals along the strike on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope. Specifically, this step involves setting anchor bolt holes at reasonable locations along the strike above the bottom plate of the inner wall on both sides of the mining area. The layout of the holes is adapted to the stress requirements of the subsequent steel mesh, so that the load transmitted by the artificial false bottom can be evenly distributed after the anchor bolts are installed, avoiding local anchoring failure.

[0071] For example, on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope, the drilling points of the anchor bolt holes are marked at even intervals along the stope direction, and the points on both sides of the inner walls are symmetrically distributed to meet the cross-stope connection requirements of the subsequent steel mesh.

[0072] Drill anchor bolt holes along the marked points, with the drilling direction guided by maximizing the anchor bolt's anchoring force, such as a downward inclination to accommodate the artificial false bottom for force transmission. The drilling depth should be sufficient to ensure reliable anchoring force after the anchor bolt is installed. After drilling, clean the internal rock debris and dust to ensure the borehole is unobstructed and the inner wall is smooth.

[0073] S502. The sleeve part of the connecting rod is pre-sleeved into the anchor rod body; Specifically, the connecting rod can be directly fitted onto the anchor rod body, completing the assembly of the two in advance. This eliminates the need for fitting in a confined space after the anchor rod is implanted into the surrounding rock, allowing the connecting part of the connecting rod to be in the appropriate position beforehand. This provides sufficient operating space for subsequent rebar connection, enabling the rebar to be bent outside the densely packed anchor area and directly connected to the connecting part, rather than being bent and fitted onto the anchor rod in the densely packed area. This avoids the problem of the small spacing between densely packed anchor rods in the fracture zone affecting the rebar bending operation.

[0074] For example, the sleeve part of the connecting rod is aligned with one end of the anchor rod and inserted into the anchor rod body. The position of the connecting rod on the anchor rod is adjusted so that the connecting rod avoids the anchoring end of the anchor rod, that is, the part in contact with the surrounding rock, and the connecting part faces the inside of the mining area to facilitate the subsequent connection of the reinforcing bars. This ensures that the connecting rod does not loosen after being sleeved and does not affect the anchor rod implantation operation.

[0075] S503. Insert the anchor bolt equipped with the connecting rod into the anchor bolt eye and fix it.

[0076] Specifically, in this step, the pre-fitted connecting rod is inserted into the anchor hole, and the anchor is firmly bonded to the surrounding rock through the anchoring medium, giving the anchor a reliable anchoring force. At this time, the connecting rod is fixed synchronously with the anchor, and the connection part is exposed at the corresponding position in the mining area, thus directly providing a foundation for the connection of the steel mesh, improving construction efficiency and connection simplicity.

[0077] For example, an appropriate amount of anchoring medium is filled into the drilled anchor hole so that the anchoring medium is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the hole and can fully wrap the anchor rod body.

[0078] Slowly insert the pre-fitted tie rod into the anchor hole, adjust the position of the anchor rod so that the anchoring end of the anchor rod fits against the bottom of the hole, and the connection part of the tie rod is exposed on one side of the mining area, and the exposed length can meet the operation requirements of subsequent steel bar connection.

[0079] Once the anchoring medium has solidified to a point where it has sufficient anchoring force (based on pull-out force monitoring data), the anchor rod and tie rod integrated structure is fixed.

[0080] In some implementations, refer to Figure 6 The connecting part includes: Connecting slot; Specifically, the connecting groove is a groove structure integrally formed after the sleeve part, and its size and shape are adapted to the bent part of the steel bar after pre-bending.

[0081] In other embodiments, the connecting portion includes: Grooved sleeve.

[0082] Specifically, a slotted sleeve refers to a sleeve with a through groove on its side wall along its length. After the bent part of the reinforcing bar is inserted into the sleeve, it is welded through the connected side through groove.

[0083] S105. The artificial false bottom formed by using the bottom beam as the construction foundation includes: S601. After the anchor rod has formed anchoring force, the steel bar is pre-bent to form a bent part in the work site. Specifically, this step refers to pre-bending the reinforcing bars in a spacious work area to form a bent section that fits the connection groove of the tie rod. Traditional processes require bending the reinforcing bars on-site in the mining area to fit the anchor rod or tie rod. Due to limitations in construction space and surrounding rock environment, the bending angle is prone to deviation and the reinforcing bars are prone to deformation. Pre-bending, on the other hand, can control the bending angle and size, ensuring that the bent section fits the connection groove, improving construction efficiency, and avoiding the dense arrangement of anchor rods that would occupy the work space.

[0084] For example, in a spacious working area outside the mining area, according to the shape and size of the connecting groove of the connecting rod and the arrangement direction of the reinforcing bars, a bending tool is used to pre-bend one end of the reinforcing bar to form a bent part that fits the connecting groove; the bending angle is based on the ability to smoothly embed into the connecting groove without affecting the overall laying of the reinforcing mesh, so that the bending part size and angle of the same batch of reinforcing bars are consistent, and adapt to the batch connection requirements.

[0085] S602. Transport the pre-bent steel bars to the anchor rod, place the bent part in the corresponding connecting groove, and then weld the bent part to the connecting groove.

[0086] Specifically, this step involves transporting the pre-bent steel bars to the anchor bolt location in the mining area, using the connecting groove as a connection reference, directly embedding the bent part into the groove, and then welding the bent part to the connecting groove for fixation. The connecting groove not only provides a stable welding reference but also increases the contact area between the steel bars and the tie rod, making the stress at the weld more uniform and avoiding connection failure caused by local stress concentration, thus providing a solid anchoring support for the artificial false bottom steel mesh.

[0087] For example, the pre-bent steel bars are transported in batches to the corresponding anchor bolts in the mining area according to the laying sequence to avoid deformation of the bent parts during transportation and to keep the steel bars straight.

[0088] Align the bent part of the reinforcing bar with the corresponding connecting groove of the tie rod and embed it into the groove. Adjust the position of the reinforcing bar so that it extends along the preset direction, such as perpendicular to the ore body or parallel to the bottom beam.

[0089] Start the welding equipment and weld the contact part of the bent part of the steel bar with the connecting groove to form a solid whole. If a single anchor rod is equipped with multiple tie rods, follow the same process to embed the bent part of the corresponding steel bar into each connecting groove and weld it in place to ensure that each steel bar is subjected to balanced force.

[0090] In some implementations, refer to Figure 7 S103, The bottom beams are installed at intervals along the mining access route, including: S701. A protective cushion layer is laid on the bottom plate of the mining area, and an isolation layer and a fall protection net are laid on top of the protective cushion layer in sequence. Specifically, the protective cushion layer first levels the uneven mining floor to prevent uneven stress on the bottom beam; the upper isolation layer can block the infiltration of groundwater and filling slurry, protecting the bottom beam from corrosion; the uppermost anti-fall net can intercept loose rock blocks on the floor and provide initial support for the bottom beam, preventing the bottom beam from directly contacting the loose floor and causing settlement. The three-layer structure works together to form a stable base for laying the bottom beam.

[0091] For example, the protective cushion material is evenly laid on the bottom plate of the mining area and manually leveled until the surface is free of protrusions and depressions, so that the cushion thickness is uniform and can provide a flat bearing surface for subsequent structures.

[0092] An isolation layer material is laid on top of the protective cushion layer, with the edges folded up along the side wall of the mining area to cover the cushion layer area.

[0093] Lay the fall protection net flat on top of the isolation layer, covering the entire area of ​​the mining floor. The edges of the net should be fixed to the side wall of the mining area to prevent loosening and displacement, thus forming a fall protection layer.

[0094] S702. Install support components in the reinforced sidewall of the mining area. The support components and the pad plate form a lifting and limiting effect on both ends of the bottom beam, and the bottom beam is erected above the fall protection net. Specifically, support components (such as round steel bars) are installed on the reinforced sidewall of the mining area, and a support structure is formed with pads to directly bear the weight of both ends of the bottom beam. This method eliminates the need to drill pits in the surrounding rock, reducing damage to the integrity of the sidewall rock mass. At the same time, the pads increase the support contact area, disperse the stress at the ends of the bottom beam, and adapt to different ore bodies with different shapes such as narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, thus preventing the ends of the bottom beam from becoming unstable and shifting.

[0095] On the reinforced sidewalls on both sides of the mining area, mark the installation points of the support components according to the interval pattern of the bottom beam. Fix the support components (such as round steel) to the sidewalls. The exposed length of the support components should be adapted to the lifting requirements of the bottom beam and consistent with the laying height of the bottom beam.

[0096] Weld or fix a pad to the top of each support component. The pad should be placed horizontally with a flat surface or have a groove made according to the shape of the bottom beam to increase the contact area of ​​the support and avoid stress concentration at the end of the bottom beam.

[0097] Position the bottom beams one by one to the preset positions along the mining route, and erect them above the fall protection net. Place the two ends of the bottom beams on the pads on the side walls, and use the support components and pads to form a lifting limit to adjust the bottom beams to a horizontal state.

[0098] S703. A suspension component is used to connect the bottom beam to the support component at the top or side wall of the mining area.

[0099] Specifically, suspension components (such as suspension rods and round steel combinations) are used to connect the bottom beam to the support components on the top or side wall of the mining area, so that the bottom beam is simultaneously subjected to downward lifting force and upward suspension force, forming a combined force state. This composite fixing method can limit the vertical movement and overturning risk of the bottom beam, adapt to the high ground pressure conditions of mining in the middle and high sections of the fractured ore body, and improve the stability of the bottom beam itself.

[0100] For example, suspension points are marked in stable areas (such as reinforced surrounding rock or pre-set support structures) on the top or sidewall of the mining area to ensure that the distribution of suspension points matches the regularity of the bottom beams and that the foundation is stable enough to provide tension.

[0101] Fix one end of the suspension component (such as a suspension rod) to the suspension point, and firmly connect the other end to the pre-set connection structure (such as an opening or a lifting lug) of the bottom beam. Adjust the tension of the suspension component so that the bottom beam is simultaneously subjected to lifting force and suspension force, forming a combined force. Each bottom beam should be equipped with at least two suspension points to avoid instability due to unilateral force.

[0102] In some implementations, refer to Figure 8 S104. The method of threading a fixing rope through the cable hole into the bottom beam to secure the bottom beam includes: S801. A support member is installed at the position corresponding to the cable hole in the roadway. The support member is stably connected to the inner wall of the roadway. After the fixing rope passes around the support member or is fixedly connected to the support member, it passes through the cable hole into the mining area. Specifically, the load-bearing components, such as steel round rods and fixed seats, are firmly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel, forming a fulcrum for the transmission of tension, which can disperse the concentrated tension of the fixed rope on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0103] For example, the installation points are marked on the sidewall or top of the corresponding cable hole in the roadway. The load-bearing component and the inner wall of the roadway can be connected in a stable manner by anchoring with anchor bolts, grouting, or welding. If it is necessary to fix both ends of the bottom beam with a single fixing rope, the fixing rope is wrapped around the load-bearing component and both ends of the fixing rope are passed through the cable hole into the stope. If multiple fixing ropes are used to fix the bottom beam separately, one end of the fixing rope can be fixedly connected to the load-bearing component. Then the free end of the fixing rope is passed through the cable hole into the stope.

[0104] S802. A connecting structure adapted for the installation of fixing ropes is provided on the bottom beam. After the fixing ropes pass through the connecting structure, the fixing ropes are fixed to the bottom beam in a detachable or non-detachable manner by locking components. Specifically, the pre-designed connection structure of the bottom beam, such as circular openings and buckle seats, adapts to the path of the fixing rope, so that the fixing rope acts on the key stress points of the bottom beam, such as both ends; and the fixing can be detached or non-detachable through locking components, such as U-shaped buckles and clamps.

[0105] For example, the free end of the fixed rope inserted into the mining area is aligned with the preset connecting structure on the bottom beam. After passing through the connecting structure, the length of the fixed rope is adjusted so that the fixed rope is taut but does not generate excessive pre-tension, thus avoiding the bottom beam from being deflected by force.

[0106] Use locking devices to secure the connection between the fixing rope and the base beam. If the fixing is detachable, use locking devices such as U-shaped buckles to secure the fixing rope, ensuring that the buckles are fully closed and there is no looseness. If the fixing is non-detachable, use clamps or welding to make the fixing rope and the base beam connection structure form a whole. After fixing, check the connection to ensure that there is no risk of relative slippage.

[0107] S803. After the fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole and fixed to the bottom beam, it forms a traction constraint on the bottom beam.

[0108] Specifically, after the fixing rope is fixed, its tension generates a continuous traction force on the bottom beam, restricting the lateral displacement of the bottom beam along the direction perpendicular to the mining access. At the same time, in conjunction with the support and suspension structure of the bottom beam, a stable force system combining vertical bearing and traction is formed, improving the overall displacement resistance of the artificial false bottom.

[0109] For example, check the tension of each fixing rope individually, and tighten or loosen the fixing rope (in conjunction with the adjustment function of the load-bearing component or the position adjustment of the locking component) to ensure that the traction force on each bottom beam is uniform, and there is no tilting of the bottom beam caused by excessive force on one side.

[0110] Observe whether the bottom beam is in a horizontal and stable state, gently pull the fixing rope to verify the connection strength, and ensure that the fixing rope can effectively limit the lateral displacement of the bottom beam; if there is uneven tension or loose connection, adjust and tighten it in time to form a traction constraint on the bottom beam.

[0111] In some implementations, refer to Figure 9 S105. The artificial false bottom formed by using the bottom beam as the construction foundation includes: S901. A steel mesh is laid above the bottom beam. The steel mesh includes main bars perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and secondary bars along the direction of the ore body. The secondary bars and main bars are arranged to cross each other and form a connection. For example, each main bar is attached to the connection part of the anchor rod, such as the connecting groove. The main bar is fixed to the connection part by welding to ensure that each main bar is fixedly connected to at least two anchor rods. If the connection part of the connecting rod is a groove structure, it is necessary to ensure that the main bar is fully embedded in the groove before welding to improve the reliability of the connection.

[0112] The main reinforcement bars, perpendicular to the ore body, are laid flat above the bottom beam and arranged at even intervals. The arrangement of the main reinforcement bars covers the entire area of ​​the mining area where an artificial false bottom needs to be formed, and extends to the appropriate position at both ends of the mining area edge.

[0113] The secondary reinforcement bars, which run along the direction of the ore body, are laid flat above the main reinforcement bars and arranged to intersect with the main reinforcement bars at preset intervals. The positions of the secondary reinforcement bars are adjusted to make the intersection points evenly distributed, forming a regular mesh structure, which provides a basis for subsequent load distribution.

[0114] At all intersections and laps of the main and secondary reinforcement bars, wire binding or welding is used for fixation.

[0115] S902. Vertical connecting bars are set at the edge of the steel mesh. One end of the vertical connecting bar is fixed to the steel mesh, and the other end is connected to the steel structure of the mining sidewall or filling body.

[0116] For example, vertical connecting bars are set at even intervals along the edge of the steel mesh, such as the side wall of the mining area or the side of the filling body. The length of the vertical connecting bars is adapted to the height difference between the steel mesh and the connecting structure, so that one end can be fixed to the steel mesh and the other end can be connected to the steel structure of the mining area side wall or the filling body.

[0117] The lower end of the vertical connecting bar is welded and fixed to the edge main bar or secondary bar of the steel mesh, and the upper end is fixed to the pre-set steel structure of the mining side wall, such as the steel bars embedded in the surrounding rock or the steel structure of the filling body, by welding or clamping to ensure that there is no looseness at the connection, thus forming a rigid connection between the steel mesh, the vertical connecting bar, and the surrounding structure.

[0118] In some implementations, refer to Figures 10 to 20 To facilitate understanding, a specific construction process example for artificial false bottom reinforcement is provided, including: The broken surrounding rock around the mining area was treated with shotcrete. After the shotcrete layer on the surface of the surrounding rock solidified, the broken area was drilled and grouted.

[0119] On both sides of the mining area above the bottom plate, an anchor bolt hole is constructed at regular intervals along the strike. The anchor bolt hole is inclined downwards, and the length of the anchor bolt 01 is greater than the hole depth, with a certain length exposed.

[0120] Cable holes 32 are excavated at regular intervals from the segment roadway 31 toward the mining area. The excavation direction of the cable holes is perpendicular to the mining area access direction, and a round rod 34 is arranged in the segment roadway.

[0121] A ore bedding layer 11 is laid on the base plate and the bedding layer is leveled manually.

[0122] A plastic sheet 12 is laid on top of the subbase 11, close to the perimeter of the access road, with the edges folded upwards, and a wire mesh 13 is laid on top of the plastic sheet.

[0123] Bottom beams are laid at intervals along the mining route. Bottom beams 15 are placed on top of wire mesh 13. Both ends of bottom beams 15 are supported and fixed with round steel bars 16 and pads 17. Bottom beams 15 are also suspended by steel bars and round steel bars 16 to ensure safety.

[0124] The wire rope 33 (i.e., the fixed rope) is passed around the round rod 34 and enters the mining area through the cable hole 32. The two ends of the wire rope 33 are respectively connected to the two ends of the bottom beam 15.

[0125] The reinforcing mesh 14 is laid on the bottom beam, above the plastic sheeting 12. The reinforcing bars welded directly below the resin anchor 01 are the main reinforcing bars 18, while the remaining reinforcing bars welded to the left and right sides of the resin anchor and along the ore body direction are secondary reinforcing bars 19. The reinforcing bars welded to the resin anchor at both ends are arranged perpendicular to the ore body direction. The main reinforcing bars 18 perpendicular to the ore body direction are at the bottom, and the secondary reinforcing bars along the ore body direction are at the top. The reinforcing bars along the ore body direction and the reinforcing bars perpendicular to the tailings backfill on one side of the stope are folded up (when the face or the stope side is backfill, they are welded to the reinforcing bars inside the backfill). The overlapping joints of the reinforcing bars are tied with wire.

[0126] The steel bars perpendicular to the ore body are welded to the resin anchor rods. Each anchor rod is fitted with three anchor rods 21 (i.e., connecting rods), and each rod is welded with a main reinforcement bar 18.

[0127] The suspension rods 22 are arranged along the secondary reinforcement bars 19 on both sides, with the upper end connected to the top slab hook 23 and the lower end connected to the bottom slab reinforcement mesh 14; the bottom slab hooks 23 are embedded along the secondary reinforcement bars 19 on both sides, vertically inserted into the pad layer, and fixed to the reinforcement mesh 14. Finally, the reinforcement mesh 14 and the wire mesh 13 are connected with wire in an order from the inside out, so that the wire mesh 13 is about 2cm away from the plastic sheet 12.

[0128] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, and within the spirit and principles of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0129] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An artificial false bottom reinforcement process, characterized in that, include: Reinforce the sidewalls of the stope and pre-install anchor bolts, wherein the sidewalls of the stope include the fractured zone of the ore body; Cable holes were excavated from the inner wall of the tunnel into the mining area; Bottom beams are installed at intervals along the mining access route; A fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole into the bottom beam to secure the bottom beam; the fixing rope is connected to the bottom beam; the fixing rope is at least partially fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel. An artificial false bottom is formed using the bottom beam as the construction foundation.

2. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable hole excavated from the inner wall of the roadway into the mining area includes: Multiple cable holes are excavated intermittently from the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer into the mining area, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam.

3. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable hole excavated from the inner wall of the roadway into the mining area includes: Multiple cable holes were excavated at intervals from the sidewall of the connecting roadway of the upper layer into the stope, with the cable holes located above the bottom beam.

4. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple cable holes are excavated at intervals from the sidewall of the segmented roadway of the previous layer into the mining area. The cable holes are located above the bottom beam, and the projection of the central axis of the cable hole in the vertical direction overlaps with the central axis of the bottom beam.

5. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcement of the stope sidewall and the pre-installation of anchor bolts include: The broken surrounding rock of the mining sidewall was treated with shotcrete. After the surface shotcrete layer solidified, the broken surrounding rock area was drilled and grouted. On the inner walls of both sides above the bottom plate in the stope, multiple anchor bolt holes are set at intervals along the strike, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole, wherein the anchor bolt is at least partially exposed outside the anchor bolt hole.

6. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple anchor bolt holes are spaced apart along the direction on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the mining area, and an anchor bolt is installed in each anchor bolt hole. A connecting rod is sleeved on the anchor bolt, and the connecting rod includes: A sleeve portion is used to sleeve the connecting tie rod onto the anchor rod; Connection portion, the connection portion being used for pre-formed reinforcement connection foundation; The method of setting multiple anchor bolt holes at intervals along the direction on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope, and setting an anchor bolt in each anchor bolt hole, includes: Multiple anchor bolt holes are installed at intervals along the strike on the inner walls on both sides above the bottom plate of the stope. The sleeve part of the connecting rod is pre-sleeved into the anchor rod body; The anchor bolt equipped with the connecting rod is inserted into the anchor bolt hole and fixed.

7. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting part includes: Connecting slot; The construction of an artificial false bottom using a bottom beam as the foundation includes: After the anchor rod has formed anchoring force, the steel bar is pre-bent to form a bent section in the work area; The pre-bent steel bars are transported to the anchor rod, the bent parts are placed in the connecting groove, and then the bent parts are welded to the connecting groove.

8. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of setting bottom beams at intervals along the mining access direction includes: A protective cushion layer is laid on the bottom plate of the mining area, and an isolation layer and a fall protection net are laid on top of the protective cushion layer in sequence. Support components are installed in the reinforced sidewall of the mining area. The support components and the pad plate form a lifting and limiting effect on both ends of the bottom beam, and the bottom beam is erected above the fall protection net. Suspension components are used to create a suspended connection between the bottom beam and the support components on the top or side wall of the mining area.

9. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of threading a fixing rope through the cable hole into the bottom beam to secure the bottom beam includes: A support member is installed at the position corresponding to the cable hole in the roadway. The support member forms a stable connection with the inner wall of the roadway. After the fixing rope passes around the support member or is fixedly connected to the support member, it passes through the cable hole into the mining area. A connecting structure adapted for the installation of fixing ropes is provided on the bottom beam. After the fixing ropes pass through the connecting structure, the fixing ropes are fixed to the bottom beam in a detachable or non-detachable manner by a locking device. After the fixing rope is threaded through the cable hole and fixed to the bottom beam, it forms a traction constraint on the bottom beam.

10. The artificial false bottom reinforcement process according to claim 7, characterized in that, The construction of an artificial false bottom using a bottom beam as the foundation includes: A steel mesh is laid above the bottom beam. The steel mesh includes main bars perpendicular to the direction of the ore body and secondary bars along the direction of the ore body. The secondary bars are arranged to cross and connect with the main bars. Vertical connecting bars are set at the edge of the steel mesh. One end of the vertical connecting bar is fixed to the steel mesh, and the other end is connected to the steel structure of the mining sidewall or filling body.

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