Compressed gas energy storage system and compressed gas energy storage system control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly discloses a compressed gas energy storage system and a control method of the compressed gas energy storage system, during energy storage, a low-temperature heat storage medium in a cold tank can exchange heat with compressed gas in a heat storage heat exchanger to form a high-temperature heat storage medium, and the high-temperature heat storage medium is stored in a hot tank; the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank cools the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spraying mechanism in the gas storage heat exchanger, and the spraying mechanism sprays the gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism, so that the temperature rise in the gas storage mechanism can be inhibited, and the gas density in the gas storage mechanism cannot be reduced. During energy release, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat tank heats the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spraying mechanism in the gas storage heat exchanger, and then the spraying mechanism sprays the gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism, so that the temperature reduction in the gas storage mechanism can be inhibited, the gas release amount of the gas storage mechanism is ensured, and the gas storage mechanism operates at the maximum effective volume; and the energy consumption of the compressed gas energy storage system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to compressed gas energy storage systems and control methods for compressed gas energy storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage systems are large-scale energy storage technologies that utilize electricity to compress and store air, releasing the compressed air to generate electricity when needed. A compressed air energy storage system includes an air storage device, into which compressed medium-to-high pressure air is stored. The operation of a compressed air energy storage system is divided into an energy storage phase and an energy release phase. During energy storage, the air storage device is filled with air; during energy release, the air storage device is released.

[0003] The difference between the initial gas density and the final gas density of a gas storage tank is called the effective gas storage capacity per unit volume. Gas density is directly related to pressure and temperature. The operating pressure of the gas storage tank is a design value; therefore, the effective gas storage capacity is related to the gas density at the beginning and end of filling. In practical applications, it has been found that during filling, the temperature inside the gas storage device gradually increases, reducing the effective gas storage capacity. During deflation, the temperature inside the gas storage device gradually decreases, also reducing the effective gas storage capacity. However, existing compressed air energy storage systems struggle to control the temperature inside the gas storage device during filling and deflation, leading to a reduction in the effective gas storage capacity and wasted investment costs. Simultaneously, the temperature rises during gas compression, and existing compressed air energy storage systems do not effectively utilize this heat, resulting in energy waste and failing to meet user needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compressed gas energy storage system and a control method for the compressed gas energy storage system, which can increase the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism, reduce the energy consumption of the compressed gas energy storage system, and lower investment costs.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compressed gas energy storage system, characterized in that it comprises: A compressor unit capable of compressing gas to form compressed gas; A gas storage mechanism, which is connected to the compressor unit, so that the compressed gas is stored in the gas storage mechanism; A spraying mechanism is provided inside the gas storage mechanism and is capable of spraying the gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism. The heat storage mechanism includes a hot tank, a cold tank, and a heat storage heat exchanger. The heat storage heat exchanger includes a first heat storage heat exchange channel and a second heat storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first heat storage heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the compressor unit and the gas storage mechanism, and the two ends of the second heat storage heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the cold tank and the hot tank. The heat exchange mechanism includes a gas storage heat exchanger, which includes a first gas storage heat exchange channel and a second gas storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The first gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the spray mechanism, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the hot tank and the cold tank respectively.

[0006] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes an expander unit, which is connected to the gas storage mechanism so that the compressed gas drives the expander unit to rotate; The heat exchange mechanism further includes an expansion heat exchanger, which includes a first expansion heat exchange channel and a second expansion heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first expansion heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the gas storage mechanism and the expander unit, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the heat tank through the second expansion heat exchange channel.

[0007] As an optional solution for a compressed gas energy storage system, the heat exchange mechanism further includes: A first valve is located between the expansion heat exchanger and the gas storage heat exchanger. The second valve has one end located between the cold tank and the heat storage heat exchanger, and the other end located between the first valve and the gas storage heat exchanger.

[0008] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes an electric motor connected to the compressor unit; and / or, The compressed gas energy storage system also includes a generator, which is connected to the expander unit.

[0009] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the gas storage mechanism is provided with a collection structure for collecting the gas heat exchange medium, and the collection structure is configured correspondingly to the spray mechanism.

[0010] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes a medium recovery pipeline, one end of which is connected to the collection structure and the other end of which is connected to the first gas storage heat exchange channel.

[0011] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the heat exchange mechanism further includes a heating component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the heat tank.

[0012] As an optional solution for the compressed gas energy storage system, the heat exchange mechanism further includes a cooling component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank; or, The heat exchange mechanism also includes a waste heat recovery component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank.

[0013] As an alternative to the compressed gas energy storage system, the cooling component includes: The waste heat cooler includes a first channel and a second channel that are isolated from each other, and the two ends of the first channel are respectively connected to the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank; The cooling tower, with both ends of the second channel connected to the cooling tower; A cooling circulation pump is located between the second channel and the cooling tower.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a compressed gas energy storage system, applied to a compressed gas energy storage system as described in any of the preceding claims; the control method for the compressed gas energy storage system includes the following steps: When the compressed gas generated by the compressor unit is introduced into the gas storage mechanism, the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank cools the compressed gas introduced into the gas storage mechanism through the heat storage heat exchanger to form a high-temperature heat storage medium and store it in the hot tank; and the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank cools the gas storage heat exchange medium introduced into the spray mechanism through the gas storage heat exchanger, and then the spray mechanism sprays the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism; When the gas storage mechanism is vented, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the hot tank heats the gas storage heat exchange medium introduced into the spray mechanism through the gas storage heat exchanger, and then the spray mechanism sprays the heated gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: The compressed gas energy storage system and its control method of the present invention, during energy storage, involve a compressor unit compressing gas to form compressed gas. The temperature of the compressed gas rises during this process. By exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank and the compressed gas in a heat exchanger, the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium is raised to form a high-temperature heat storage medium, which is then stored in the hot tank. Simultaneously, the temperature of the compressed gas is lowered and it is then charged into the gas storage mechanism for storage. At the same time, by exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank and the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism in the gas storage heat exchanger, the gas storage heat exchange medium is cooled. The cooled gas storage heat exchange medium is then sprayed into the gas storage mechanism through the spray mechanism. This at least suppresses the temperature rise within the gas storage mechanism, and may even lower the temperature, ensuring that the gas density within the gas storage mechanism does not decrease, or may even increase, thereby allowing the gas storage mechanism to store more gas. In other words, it increases the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism.

[0016] During energy release, the gas storage mechanism releases gas, and the high-temperature heat storage medium in the hot tank exchanges heat with the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism in the gas storage heat exchanger. This heats the gas storage heat exchange medium, which is then sprayed into the gas storage mechanism through the spray mechanism. This can at least suppress the temperature drop in the gas storage mechanism, and may even raise the temperature inside the gas storage mechanism, so that the gas density inside the gas storage mechanism does not increase, or may even decrease. This ensures the gas release volume of the gas storage mechanism, allowing the gas storage mechanism to always operate at its maximum effective volume and fully utilize the heat generated by gas compression, reducing the energy consumption of the compressed gas energy storage system and helping to reduce the investment cost of the compressed gas energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed gas energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Compressor unit; 11. Compressor; 2. Gas storage mechanism; 21. Collection structure; 22. Inlet and outlet; 3. Spraying mechanism; 31. Spray head; 32. Spraying pipeline; 33. Spray pump; 4. Heat storage mechanism; 41. Hot tank; 42. Cold tank; 43. Heat storage heat exchanger; 44. Cold water pump; 45. Hot water pump; 5. Heat exchange mechanism; 51. Gas storage heat exchanger; 52. Expansion heat exchanger; 53. First valve; 54. Second valve; 55. Cooling components; 551. Waste heat cooler; 552. Cooling tower; 553. Cooling circulation pump; 6. Expander unit; 61. Expander; 62. Exhaust silencer; 7. Regulating valve; 8. Gas filter; 91. Electric motor; 92. Generator; 10. Medium recovery pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a compressed gas energy storage system, including a compressor unit 1, a gas storage mechanism 2, a spraying mechanism 3, a heat storage mechanism 4, and a heat exchange mechanism 5. The compressor unit 1 can compress gas to form compressed gas; the gas storage mechanism 2 is connected to the compressor unit 1 so that the compressed gas is stored in the gas storage mechanism 2; the spraying mechanism 3 is located in the gas storage mechanism 2 and can spray the gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism 2; the heat storage mechanism 4 includes a hot tank 41, a cold tank 42, and a heat storage heat exchanger 43. The heat storage heat exchanger 43 includes... The heat exchange mechanism 5 includes a first heat storage heat exchange channel and a second heat storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first heat storage heat exchange channel are connected to the compressor unit 1 and the gas storage mechanism 2, respectively. The two ends of the second heat storage heat exchange channel are connected to the cold tank 42 and the hot tank 41, respectively. The heat exchange mechanism 5 includes a gas storage heat exchanger 51, which includes a first gas storage heat exchange channel and a second gas storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The first gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the spray mechanism 3, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the hot tank 41 and the cold tank 42, respectively.

[0027] It should be noted that both cold tank 42 and hot tank 41 are used to store heat storage medium. The temperature of the heat storage medium in cold tank 42 is lower, and the temperature of the heat storage medium in hot tank 41 is higher. For example, the gas is air; that is, the gas storage unit 2 is used to store compressed air. The heat storage medium is water. Water is the gas storage heat exchange medium. This configuration not only reduces costs but also ensures that spraying water into the gas storage unit 2 will not affect the compressed air, thus enhancing safety. Of course, the gas storage heat exchange medium can also be demineralized water, purified water, or distilled water.

[0028] In this embodiment of the compressed gas energy storage system, during energy storage, the compressor unit 1 compresses the gas to form compressed gas. At this time, the temperature of the compressed gas rises. By exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 and the compressed gas in the heat storage heat exchanger 43, the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium can be raised to form a high-temperature heat storage medium, which is stored in the hot tank 41. Meanwhile, the temperature of the compressed gas is lowered and it is filled into the gas storage mechanism 2 for storage. At the same time, by exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 and the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism 3 in the gas storage heat exchanger 51, the gas storage heat exchange medium can be cooled. Then, the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium is sprayed into the gas storage mechanism 2 through the spray mechanism 3. This can at least suppress the temperature rise in the gas storage mechanism 2, and may even lower the temperature in the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas density in the gas storage mechanism 2 does not decrease, or may even increase the gas density in the gas storage mechanism 2. This allows the gas storage mechanism 2 to store more gas, that is, it increases the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0029] During energy release, the gas storage mechanism 2 is vented, and the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat tank 41 exchanges heat with the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism 3 in the gas storage heat exchanger 51. This heats the gas storage heat exchange medium, and then the spray mechanism 3 sprays the heated gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism 2. This can at least suppress the temperature drop in the gas storage mechanism 2, and may even raise the temperature in the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas density in the gas storage mechanism 2 does not increase, or may even decrease. This ensures the gas release of the gas storage mechanism 2, allowing the gas storage mechanism 2 to always operate at the maximum effective volume and fully utilize the heat generated by gas compression, reducing the energy consumption of the compressed gas energy storage system and helping to reduce the investment cost of the compressed gas energy storage system.

[0030] Specifically, a cold water pump 44 is provided at the outlet of the cold tank 42 to drive the low-temperature heat storage medium to flow out of the cold tank 42. A hot water pump 45 is provided at the outlet of the hot tank 41 to drive the high-temperature heat storage medium to flow out of the hot tank 41.

[0031] For example, the gas storage facility 2 includes a medium- and high-pressure container. The medium- and high-pressure container can be installed above ground or underground.

[0032] In some embodiments, the compressor unit 1 includes at least two-stage compressors 11 connected in series, thereby improving gas compression efficiency and pressure. Of course, the compressor unit 1 may also include a single-stage compressor 11, which is not limited here.

[0033] Furthermore, each heat storage heat exchanger 43 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with a compressor 11, meaning that a heat storage heat exchanger 43 is installed at the outlet of each stage of compressor 11. The inlet of the first heat storage heat exchange channel of each stage of heat storage heat exchanger 43 is connected to the outlet of the corresponding compressor 11. The outlet of the first heat storage heat exchange channel of the last stage of heat storage heat exchanger 43 is connected to the gas storage mechanism 2, and the outlet of the first heat storage heat exchange channel of each of the remaining stages of heat storage heat exchanger 43 is connected to the inlet of the next stage compressor 11. The inlet of the second heat storage heat exchange channel of each stage of heat storage heat exchanger 43 is connected to the cold tank 42 via a pipeline. The outlet of the second heat storage heat exchange channel of each stage of heat storage heat exchanger 43 is connected to the hot tank 41.

[0034] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes an expander unit 6, which is connected to the gas storage mechanism 2 so that the compressed gas drives the expander unit 6 to rotate; the heat exchange mechanism 5 further includes an expansion heat exchanger 52, which includes a first expansion heat exchange channel and a second expansion heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first expansion heat exchange channel are connected to the gas storage mechanism 2 and the expander unit 6, respectively, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the heat tank 41 through the second expansion heat exchange channel. During the energy release process, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat tank 41 first enters the second expansion heat exchange channel, thereby heating the compressed gas discharged from the gas storage mechanism 2, which helps to increase the mechanical work output by the expander unit 6.

[0035] The temperature of the heat storage medium discharged from the expansion heat exchanger 52 is reduced and becomes a medium-temperature heat storage medium. Then, the medium-temperature heat storage medium is introduced into the gas storage heat exchanger 51 to heat the gas storage heat exchange medium. This can simultaneously meet the heating requirements of the compressed gas introduced into the expansion unit 6 and the compressed gas in the gas storage mechanism 2, thereby making full use of the heat of the heat storage medium and achieving the effect of energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0036] In some embodiments, the expander unit 6 includes at least two expanders 61 connected in series, thereby enabling the compressed gas to expand sufficiently to perform work and increasing the mechanical work output by the expander unit 6. Of course, the expander unit 6 may also include a single expander 61, which is not limited here.

[0037] Furthermore, each expansion heat exchanger 52 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with an expander 61, meaning that an expansion heat exchanger 52 is installed at the inlet of each stage of the expander 61. The inlet of the first expansion heat exchange channel of the first stage expansion heat exchanger 52 is connected to the gas storage mechanism 2, and the inlet of the first expansion heat exchange channel of each of the remaining stages of expansion heat exchangers 52 is connected to the outlet of the previous stage expander 61. The outlet of the first expansion heat exchange channel of each stage of expansion heat exchanger 52 is connected to the inlet of the corresponding expander 61. The inlet of the second expansion heat exchange channel of each stage of expansion heat exchanger 52 is connected to the heat tank 41 via a pipeline. The outlet of the second expansion heat exchange channel of each stage of expansion heat exchanger 52 is connected to the second gas storage heat exchange channel.

[0038] Furthermore, the compressed gas energy storage system also includes a regulating valve 7, which is located between the expander unit 6 and the gas storage mechanism 2. This regulating valve 7 can adjust the flow rate of the compressed gas entering the expander unit 6, which is beneficial for further improving the mechanical work output by the expander unit 6. Specifically, the regulating valve 7 is located between the first-stage expansion heat exchanger 52 and the first-stage expander 61.

[0039] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes a gas filter 8, which is located at the inlet end of the compressor unit 1. Specifically, the inlet of the first-stage compressor 11 of the compressor unit 1 is connected to the gas filter 8, so that the gas passes through the gas filter 8 to remove impurities before entering the inlet of the first-stage compressor 11, which can improve the protection of the compressor unit 1, the gas storage mechanism 2 and the expander unit 6.

[0040] In some embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism 5 further includes a first valve 53 and a second valve 54. The first valve 53 is located between the expansion heat exchanger 52 and the gas storage heat exchanger 51; one end of the second valve 54 is located between the cold tank 42 and the heat storage heat exchanger 43, and the other end is located between the first valve 53 and the gas storage heat exchanger 51. Opening the second valve 54 and closing the first valve 53 allows the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 to flow into the second gas storage heat exchange channel of the gas storage heat exchanger 51. Opening the first valve 53 and closing the second valve 54 allows the medium-temperature heat storage medium discharged from the expansion heat exchanger 52 to flow into the second gas storage heat exchange channel of the gas storage heat exchanger 51. This not only facilitates the control of the temperature of the gas storage heat exchange medium but also simplifies the structure of the heat exchange mechanism 5 and reduces costs.

[0041] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes an electric motor 91 connected to the compressor unit 1, which can then drive the compressor unit 1 to operate and store energy during periods of surplus power (such as at night or during peak renewable energy generation).

[0042] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes a generator 92 connected to an expander unit 6, thereby driving the generator 92 to generate electricity during peak electricity demand periods to alleviate electricity pressure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes an exhaust silencer 62, which is connected to the outlet of the expander unit 6 and is used to discharge the gas discharged by the expander unit 6 and reduce exhaust noise.

[0044] In some embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism 5 further includes a cooling component 55, which is disposed between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank 42, so that the heat storage medium after heat exchange with the gas storage heat exchange medium can be cooled by the cooling component 55 and then returned to the cold tank 42, so that the heat storage medium can be recycled.

[0045] In other embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism 5 may further include a waste heat recovery component located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank 42. This component recovers and reuses the heat from the heat storage medium discharged within the second gas storage heat exchange channel, achieving energy-saving effects. For example, the waste heat recovery component can be an absorption chiller, utilizing waste heat for cooling. Alternatively, it can be a heating device, utilizing waste heat for heating.

[0046] In other embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism 5 may further include a heating component located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the heat tank 41. This allows the heat storage medium, after exchanging heat with the gas storage heat exchange medium, to be heated by the heating component and then returned to the heat tank 41, enabling the heat storage medium to be recycled. For example, the heating component may be an electric heater or a heat pump.

[0047] In some embodiments, the cooling assembly 55 includes a waste heat cooler 551, a cooling tower 552, and a cooling circulation pump 553. The waste heat cooler 551 includes a first channel and a second channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first channel are respectively connected to a second gas storage heat exchange channel and a cold tank 42. Both ends of the second channel are connected to the cooling tower 552. The cooling circulation pump 553 is located between the second channel and the cooling tower 552, so that a cooling medium can be introduced into the second channel to cool the heat storage medium discharged from the second gas storage heat exchange channel. Then, the cooling medium is introduced into the cooling tower 552 for further cooling, thereby realizing the recycling of the cooling medium. The structure is simple and has low energy consumption, which helps to reduce costs. For example, the cooling medium is water.

[0048] In some embodiments, the gas storage mechanism 2 is provided with a collection structure 21 for collecting the gas storage heat exchange medium. The collection structure 21 is correspondingly arranged with the spraying mechanism 3, thereby collecting the gas storage heat exchange medium sprayed into the gas storage mechanism 2, facilitating the recycling of the gas storage heat exchange medium, and helping to reduce costs. Exemplarily, the collection structure 21 is a collection box.

[0049] In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage system further includes a medium recovery pipeline 10. One end of the medium recovery pipeline 10 is connected to the collection structure 21, and the other end is connected to the first gas storage heat exchange channel, thereby facilitating the reintroduction of the recovered gas storage heat exchange medium into the first gas storage heat exchange channel to regulate the temperature of the gas storage heat exchange medium. Specifically, the medium recovery pipeline 10 passes through the side wall of the gas storage mechanism 2, and a sealing structure, such as a sealing ring, is provided between the medium recovery pipeline 10 and the side wall of the gas storage mechanism 2 to ensure the airtightness of the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, the spraying mechanism 3 includes a nozzle 31 and a spraying pipe 32. The nozzle 31 is disposed inside the gas storage mechanism 2. One end of the spraying pipe 32 is connected to the nozzle 31, and the other end is connected to the first gas storage heat exchange channel, thereby facilitating the introduction of the gas storage heat exchange medium into the nozzle 31 through the spraying pipe 32. Specifically, the spraying pipe 32 penetrates the side wall of the gas storage mechanism 2, and a sealing structure, such as a sealing ring, is provided between the spraying pipe 32 and the side wall of the gas storage mechanism 2 to ensure the airtightness of the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0051] In some embodiments, the gas storage mechanism 2 includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along a first direction. The first end is provided with an air inlet and outlet 22. The nozzles 31 are provided in at least two rows, each row of nozzles 31 including at least one nozzle 31. The at least two rows of nozzles 31 are arranged along a first direction from the first end to the second end, thereby enabling the gas storage heat exchange medium to be sprayed more evenly into the gas storage mechanism 2, so as to quickly and evenly cool the compressed gas filled into the gas storage mechanism 2, or quickly and evenly heat the compressed gas discharged from the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas storage mechanism 2 can always operate with the maximum effective volume.

[0052] In some embodiments, each row of nozzles 31 includes at least two nozzles 31 arranged along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, thereby enabling the gas storage heat exchange medium to be sprayed more evenly into the gas storage mechanism 2, to quickly and evenly cool the compressed gas filling the gas storage mechanism 2, or to quickly and evenly heat the compressed gas exiting the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas storage mechanism 2 can always operate at the maximum effective volume.

[0053] For example, the nozzle 31 is located on the top of the gas storage mechanism 2. The air inlet and outlet 22 are located at one end of the gas storage mechanism 2 in the horizontal direction.

[0054] In this embodiment, the gas storage mechanism 2 is a gas storage tank, which is placed horizontally, meaning that the axial direction of the gas storage tank is perpendicular to the vertical direction. Further, the axial direction of the gas storage tank is parallel to a first direction. Further, the second direction is parallel to the circumferential direction of the gas storage tank.

[0055] In some embodiments, the spray mechanism 3 further includes a spray pump 33 for pumping the gas storage heat exchange medium to the nozzle 31. Specifically, the spray pump 33 is located in the medium recovery pipeline 10.

[0056] For example, the working principle of the compressed gas energy storage system in this embodiment is as follows: During energy storage, compressor unit 1 compresses air to form compressed gas, which is then passed into the gas storage unit 2 for storage. As the amount of compressed gas in the gas storage unit 2 increases, the pressure inside the gas storage unit 2 rises, causing the temperature inside the gas storage unit 2 to also rise. By activating the cold water pump 44, the second valve 54, and the spray pump 33, the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 can enter the second gas storage heat exchange channel of the gas storage heat exchanger 51 to cool the gas storage heat exchange medium in the first gas storage heat exchange channel. Then, the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium is sprayed into the gas storage unit 2 through the nozzle 31 to cool the gas storage unit 2.

[0057] During energy release, the compressed gas in the gas storage mechanism 2 is introduced into the expander unit 6 to drive the expander unit 6 to output mechanical work. As the amount of compressed gas in the gas storage mechanism 2 decreases, the pressure in the gas storage mechanism 2 decreases, resulting in a decrease in the temperature inside the gas storage mechanism 2. At this time, the cold water pump 44 and the second valve 54 are closed, and the hot water pump 45, the first valve 53 and the spray pump 33 are opened, allowing the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat tank 41 to enter the second expansion heat exchange channel of the expansion heat exchanger 52 to heat the compressed gas in the first expansion heat exchange channel; the medium-temperature heat storage medium flowing out from the second expansion heat exchange channel enters the second gas storage heat exchange channel of the gas storage heat exchanger 51 after passing through the first valve 53 to heat the gas storage heat exchange medium in the first gas storage heat exchange channel, and then the heated gas storage heat exchange medium is sprayed into the gas storage mechanism 2 through the nozzle 31 to raise the internal temperature of the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0058] In this embodiment of the compressed gas energy storage system, the temperature inside the gas storage mechanism 2 is lowered during energy storage to increase the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism 2; during energy release, the temperature inside the gas storage mechanism 2 is raised to increase the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas storage mechanism 2 can always operate at the maximum effective volume, which is beneficial to reducing the investment cost of the compressed gas energy storage system.

[0059] This embodiment also provides a control method for a compressed gas energy storage system, applied to the compressed gas energy storage system described above; the control method for the compressed gas energy storage system includes the following steps: When the compressed gas generated by the compressor unit 1 is introduced into the gas storage mechanism 2, the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 is cooled by the heat storage heat exchanger 43 to form a high-temperature heat storage medium and store it in the hot tank 41; and the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 is cooled by the gas storage heat exchanger 51 to the gas storage heat exchange medium introduced into the spray mechanism 3, and then the spray mechanism 3 sprays the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism 2. When the gas storage mechanism 2 is vented, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the hot tank 41 is heated by the gas storage heat exchanger 51 and then the spray mechanism 3 sprays the heated gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0060] In this embodiment of the compressed gas energy storage system control method, during energy storage, the compressor unit 1 compresses the gas to form compressed gas. At this time, the temperature of the compressed gas rises. By exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 and the compressed gas in the heat storage heat exchanger 43, the temperature of the low-temperature heat storage medium can be raised to form a high-temperature heat storage medium, which is stored in the hot tank 41. Meanwhile, the temperature of the compressed gas is lowered and it is filled into the gas storage mechanism 2 for storage. At the same time, by exchanging heat between the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank 42 and the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism 3 in the gas storage heat exchanger 51, the gas storage heat exchange medium can be cooled. Then, the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium is sprayed into the gas storage mechanism 2 through the spray mechanism 3. This can at least suppress the temperature rise in the gas storage mechanism 2, or lower the temperature in the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas density in the gas storage mechanism 2 does not decrease. This allows the gas storage mechanism 2 to store more gas, that is, it increases the effective gas storage capacity of the gas storage mechanism 2.

[0061] During energy release, the gas storage mechanism 2 is vented, and the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat tank 41 exchanges heat with the gas storage heat exchange medium leading to the spray mechanism 3 in the gas storage heat exchanger 51. This heats the gas storage heat exchange medium, and then the spray mechanism 3 sprays the heated gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism 2. This can at least suppress the temperature drop in the gas storage mechanism 2, or raise the temperature in the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas density in the gas storage mechanism 2 does not increase. This ensures the gas release of the gas storage mechanism 2, so that the gas storage mechanism 2 can always operate at the maximum effective volume, which is beneficial to reducing the investment cost of the compressed gas energy storage system.

[0062] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A compressed gas energy storage system, characterized in that, include: A compressor unit capable of compressing gas to form compressed gas; A gas storage mechanism, which is connected to the compressor unit, so that the compressed gas is stored in the gas storage mechanism; A spraying mechanism is provided inside the gas storage mechanism and is capable of spraying the gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism. The heat storage mechanism includes a hot tank, a cold tank, and a heat storage heat exchanger. The heat storage heat exchanger includes a first heat storage heat exchange channel and a second heat storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first heat storage heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the compressor unit and the gas storage mechanism, and the two ends of the second heat storage heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the cold tank and the hot tank. The heat exchange mechanism includes a gas storage heat exchanger, which includes a first gas storage heat exchange channel and a second gas storage heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The first gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the spray mechanism, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the hot tank and the cold tank respectively.

2. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compressed gas energy storage system further includes an expander unit, which is connected to the gas storage mechanism so that the compressed gas drives the expander unit to rotate. The heat exchange mechanism further includes an expansion heat exchanger, which includes a first expansion heat exchange channel and a second expansion heat exchange channel that are isolated from each other. The two ends of the first expansion heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the gas storage mechanism and the expander unit, and the inlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel is connected to the heat tank through the second expansion heat exchange channel.

3. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism also includes: A first valve is located between the expansion heat exchanger and the gas storage heat exchanger. The second valve has one end located between the cold tank and the heat storage heat exchanger, and the other end located between the first valve and the gas storage heat exchanger.

4. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compressed gas energy storage system further includes an electric motor connected to the compressor unit; and / or, The compressed gas energy storage system also includes a generator, which is connected to the expander unit.

5. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas storage mechanism is equipped with a collection structure for collecting the gas storage heat exchange medium, and the collection structure is configured correspondingly to the spray mechanism.

6. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compressed gas energy storage system also includes a medium recovery pipeline, one end of which is connected to the collection structure and the other end of which is connected to the first gas storage heat exchange channel.

7. The compressed gas energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes a heating component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the heat tank.

8. The compressed gas energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes a cooling component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank; or, The heat exchange mechanism also includes a waste heat recovery component, which is located between the outlet of the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank.

9. The compressed gas energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cooling assembly includes: The waste heat cooler includes a first channel and a second channel that are isolated from each other, and the two ends of the first channel are respectively connected to the second gas storage heat exchange channel and the cold tank; The cooling tower, with both ends of the second channel connected to the cooling tower; A cooling circulation pump is located between the second channel and the cooling tower.

10. A control method for a compressed gas energy storage system, characterized in that, Applied to the compressed gas energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1-9; the control method for the compressed gas energy storage system includes the following steps: When the compressed gas generated by the compressor unit is introduced into the gas storage mechanism, the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank cools the compressed gas introduced into the gas storage mechanism through the heat storage heat exchanger to form a high-temperature heat storage medium and store it in the hot tank; and the low-temperature heat storage medium in the cold tank cools the gas storage heat exchange medium introduced into the spray mechanism through the gas storage heat exchanger, and then the spray mechanism sprays the cooled gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism; When the gas storage mechanism is vented, the high-temperature heat storage medium in the hot tank heats the gas storage heat exchange medium introduced into the spray mechanism through the gas storage heat exchanger, and then the spray mechanism sprays the heated gas storage heat exchange medium into the gas storage mechanism.

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