Battery module multistage pressure relief-explosion suppression-fire blocking and guiding device

Abstract

The application provides a battery module multistage pressure relief-explosion suppression-fire resistance guide and discharge device, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety protection and explosion prevention. The device comprises a battery module box, a connecting pipe and a gas treatment pressure relief box. The inner cavity of the battery module box is provided with a plurality of single lithium batteries. The top of each single lithium battery is provided with a battery pressure relief valve. The top of the inner cavity of the battery module box is provided with a gas flow guide mechanism. The gas outlet end of the battery pressure relief valve is in communication with the gas flow guide mechanism. One end of the connecting pipe is in communication with the gas flow guide mechanism. The gas treatment pressure relief box is provided with a cyclone condensing mechanism, a free radical weakening mechanism and a fire resistance pressure relief mechanism. The cyclone condensing mechanism is in communication with the free radical weakening mechanism. The free radical weakening mechanism is in communication with the fire resistance pressure relief mechanism. The end of the connecting pipe, which is away from the gas flow guide mechanism, is in communication with the cyclone condensing mechanism. The device reduces the risk of flame propagation and explosion, and improves the safety of the mine lithium battery system in a limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery safety protection and explosion-proof technology, specifically to a multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules. Background Technology

[0002] Confined spaces such as mines place extremely high safety requirements on lithium-ion batteries. If thermal runaway occurs during operation, the battery will release a large amount of high-temperature flammable gas in a short period, potentially generating a jet flame. The released gas contains, in addition to... In addition to light hydrocarbon gases, the mixture also contains a significant amount of electrolyte vapor. These electrolyte vapor components exhibit high chemical reactivity and exothermic capacity, significantly lowering the lower explosive limit of the gas mixture and increasing combustion intensity and explosion hazard. Simultaneously, the high temperatures of thermal runaway, gas friction, and short-circuit arcs promote the pyrolysis of the exhaust gas, generating a large number of active free radicals. As key participants in chain reactions, these free radicals accelerate the oxidation of combustible gases, increase the rate of pressure rise, and make combustion more prone to explosion.

[0003] Existing mining battery modules mostly rely on simple pressure relief structures to expel internal gases, but lack effective control over the electrolyte vapor content and reactivity in the emitted gases. This can lead to the formation of an explosive atmosphere when high-temperature flammable gases directly enter the mining environment, and there is a risk that flames may spread along the pressure relief channels or even flow back into the battery.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor discharge device for battery modules. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules, comprising a battery module box, a connecting pipe, and a gas treatment and pressure relief box. The battery module box contains several individual lithium batteries. Each individual lithium battery has a battery pressure relief valve at its top. The top of the battery module box contains a gas guiding mechanism. The outlet of the battery pressure relief valve is connected to the gas guiding mechanism. One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the gas guiding mechanism. The gas treatment and pressure relief box contains a swirling condensation mechanism, a free radical weakening mechanism, and a flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism. The swirling condensation mechanism is connected to the free radical weakening mechanism, and the free radical weakening mechanism is connected to the flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism. The end of the connecting pipe furthest from the gas guiding mechanism is connected to the swirling condensation mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the gas guiding mechanism includes an exhaust guiding perforated plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box. The exhaust guiding perforated plate divides the inner cavity of the battery module box into an installation cavity and an exhaust guiding cavity. The exhaust guiding cavity is located above the installation cavity, and several individual lithium batteries are arranged in the installation cavity. Several exhaust guiding holes are opened on the exhaust guiding perforated plate, and the outlet end of the battery pressure relief valve corresponds one-to-one with the exhaust guiding hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas guiding mechanism also includes an arc-shaped guide plate, which is installed on one side of the exhaust guiding cavity. The bottom of the arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the exhaust guiding perforated plate, the two sides of the arc-shaped guide plate are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box, and the top of the arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the battery module box.

[0010] Furthermore, an air outlet is provided on one side of the battery module box, and the air outlet is arranged opposite to the arc-shaped guide plate. One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the exhaust guide cavity through the air outlet.

[0011] Furthermore, an exhaust flame arrestor is provided at the end of the connecting pipe near the air outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the vortex condensation mechanism includes a vortex condensation shell, a condensing electrolyte guide shell, a top cover, and an outlet pipe. The vortex condensation shell is fixedly connected to the top of the condensing electrolyte guide shell, and the top cover is fixedly connected to the top of the vortex condensation shell. The vortex condensation shell, the condensing electrolyte guide shell, and the top cover together form a vortex condensation chamber. A tangential air inlet is provided on the vortex condensation shell. The end of the connecting pipe away from the gas guide mechanism communicates with the vortex condensation chamber through the tangential air inlet. The vortex condensation shell, from the outside to the inside, includes an outer shell, a phase change interlayer, and a thick metal condensation wall. The phase change interlayer is filled with... A phase change material with a phase change temperature lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte has an outlet pipe that passes through a top cover and connects to a vortex condensation chamber. The vortex condensation chamber is provided with several vortex guide vanes, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer side wall of the outlet pipe. The thick metal condensation wall and the condensation electrolyte guide shell are both provided with guide grooves on one side of the vortex condensation chamber. The bottom of the condensation electrolyte guide shell is an inclined structure, and a guide outlet is provided at the bottom of the condensation electrolyte guide shell. A condensation electrolyte isolation chamber is provided at the guide outlet, and a condensation electrolyte adsorption and fixation unit is provided in the condensation electrolyte isolation chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, several of the swirl guide vanes are arranged circumferentially along the axis of the exhaust pipe, each of the swirl guide vanes is inclined, and gaps are left between adjacent swirl guide vanes.

[0014] Furthermore, the free radical weakening mechanism includes a free radical weakening shell, an inlet at the bottom of the free radical weakening shell, an outlet at the top of the free radical weakening shell, and the end of the outlet pipe away from the swirling condensation chamber is connected to the inlet. The inner cavity of the free radical weakening shell is provided with a microporous peak-shaving plate and a coated metal honeycomb. The microporous peak-shaving plate is disposed at the bottom of the coated metal honeycomb and has a plurality of micropores. The surface of the coated metal honeycomb is coated with a composite coating for free radical weakening, and the coated metal honeycomb has a plurality of honeycomb channels.

[0015] Furthermore, the free radical weakening shell cavity is provided with a bypass safety channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the flame arresting and pressure relief mechanism includes a flame arresting and pressure relief housing. The bottom of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing has an inlet two, which is connected to an outlet one. The inner cavity of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing has a flame arresting core with several through-holes. The flame arresting core is located at the inlet two. A flame arresting mesh is provided on the side of the flame arresting core away from the inlet two. A one-way backfire prevention component is provided at the end of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing away from the inlet two. The one-way backfire prevention component includes a valve seat, which is fixedly connected to the flame arresting and pressure relief housing. An outlet two is provided on the side wall of the valve seat, passing through the side wall of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing and the side wall of the gas treatment pressure relief box, and communicating with the outside. An installation groove is provided inside the valve seat, and a valve disc for opening and closing outlet two is slidably installed in the installation groove. A spring is fixedly connected to one end of the valve disc, and the end of the spring away from the valve disc is fixedly connected to the top wall of the installation groove.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0018] 1. In this invention, the device, by setting up a multi-stage series exhaust guiding mechanism, swirl condensation mechanism, free radical weakening mechanism, and flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism, performs graded guiding, condensation, reactivity weakening, and terminal flame arrestor and backfire prevention treatment on the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery. This achieves controlled guiding and exhaust of the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery module, and realizes synergistic reduction of the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery at multiple levels such as temperature, pressure, electrolyte vapor content, reactivity, and flame propagation risk. This reduces the risk of flame propagation and explosion, and improves the safety of the mining lithium battery system operating in confined spaces.

[0019] 2. In this invention, the free radical weakening shell cavity is equipped with a bypass safety channel. When the microporous peak-shaving plate or coated metal honeycomb becomes blocked, the mixed gas can be depressurized and discharged through the bypass safety channel, thereby avoiding system pressure buildup. The flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism is equipped with a one-way backfire prevention component consisting of a valve disc, spring, and valve seat. Under normal pressure relief conditions, the mixed gas pushes the valve disc to open against the spring force and discharges through the second directional outlet. When external flames, shock waves, or reverse pressure occur, the valve disc closes rapidly under the combined action of the spring and the reverse pressure, thereby preventing flames or high-temperature gases from flowing back into the battery module box. The bypass safety channel and one-way backfire prevention component improve the safety redundancy of the device under extreme operating conditions, making it particularly suitable for lithium battery safety protection in confined, high-risk environments such as mines. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gas guiding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vortex condensation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thick metal condensation wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the condenser electrolyte flow guide shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the free radical weakening mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism in normal condition according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism in the pressure relief state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Battery module box; 2. Connecting pipe; 3. Gas treatment and pressure relief box; 4. Single lithium battery; 5. Battery pressure relief valve; 6. Gas guiding mechanism; 61. Exhaust guide perforated plate; 62. Arc-shaped guide plate; 63. Mounting cavity; 64. Exhaust guide cavity; 65. Exhaust guide hole; 66. Gas outlet; 7. Swirl condensation mechanism; 71. Swirl condensation shell; 711. Outer shell; 712. Phase change interlayer; 713. Thick metal condensation wall; 72. Condensing electrolyte guide shell; 73. Top cover; 74. Gas outlet pipe; 75. Tangential air inlet; 76. Swirl guide vane; 77. 78. Flow guide channel; 79. Flow guide outlet; 70. Condensing electrolyte isolation chamber; 71. Condensing electrolyte adsorption and fixation unit; 8. Free radical weakening mechanism; 81. Free radical weakening shell; 82. Inlet 1; 83. Outlet 1; 84. Microporous peak trimming plate; 85. Coated metal honeycomb; 86. Micropore; 87. Honeycomb channel; 88. Bypass safety channel; 9. Flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism; 91. Flame arrestor and pressure relief shell; 92. Inlet 2; 93. Outlet 2; 94. Flame arrestor core; 95. Flame arrestor mesh; 96. Valve seat; 97. Mounting groove; 98. Valve disc; 99. Spring; 10. Exhaust flame arrestor mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] In this article, terms such as "left," "right," "up," "down," "front," and "back" are established based on the positional relationships shown in the attached drawings. Depending on the attached drawings, the corresponding positional relationships may also change. Therefore, they should not be interpreted as an absolute limitation on the scope of protection.

[0031] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This embodiment provides a multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for a battery module, including a battery module box 1, a connecting pipe 2, and a gas treatment and pressure relief box 3. The battery module box 1 contains several individual lithium batteries 4 arranged vertically and uniformly within the battery module box 1. A battery pressure relief valve 5 is located at the top of each individual lithium battery 4, used to release the high-temperature, high-pressure mixed gas generated inside the individual lithium battery 4 when thermal runaway occurs. A gas guiding mechanism 6 is located at the top of the inner cavity of the battery module box 1, and the outlet of the battery pressure relief valve 5 is connected to the gas guiding mechanism 6, allowing the high-temperature, high-pressure mixed gas released by the battery pressure relief valve 5 to flow towards the gas guiding mechanism 6.

[0032] Specifically, the gas handling pressure relief box 3 is equipped with a swirl condensation mechanism 7, a free radical weakening mechanism 8, and a flame arrestor pressure relief mechanism 9. The swirl condensation mechanism 7 is connected to the free radical weakening mechanism 8, and the free radical weakening mechanism 8 is connected to the flame arrestor pressure relief mechanism 9. The swirl condensation mechanism 7, the free radical weakening mechanism 8, and the flame arrestor pressure relief mechanism 9 are connected sequentially along the gas flow direction, forming a multi-stage series pressure relief-explosive-flame arrestor gas path system. One end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the gas guiding mechanism 6, and the end of the connecting pipe 2 away from the gas guiding mechanism 6 is connected to the swirl condensation mechanism 7.

[0033] Specifically, the gas guiding mechanism 6 includes an exhaust guiding perforated plate 61, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box 1. The exhaust guiding perforated plate 61 divides the inner cavity of the battery module box 1 into a mounting cavity 63 and an exhaust guiding cavity 64, with the exhaust guiding cavity 64 located above the mounting cavity 63. Several individual lithium batteries 4 are arranged in the mounting cavity 63. The exhaust guiding perforated plate 61 has several exhaust guiding holes 65, which correspond one-to-one with the outlet of the battery pressure relief valve 5. When multiple individual lithium batteries 4 experience thermal runaway simultaneously or sequentially, the high-speed jet gas ejected from each battery pressure relief valve 5 can be collected, evenly distributed, and directionally guided, thereby reducing the mutual interference between multiple jets. The gas guiding mechanism 6 also includes an arc-shaped guide plate 62, which is installed on one side of the exhaust guiding cavity 64. The bottom of the arc-shaped guide plate 62 is fixedly connected to the exhaust guiding perforated plate 61, the two sides of the arc-shaped guide plate 62 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box 1, and the top of the arc-shaped guide plate 62 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the battery module box 1.

[0034] Specifically, a vent 66 is provided on one side of the battery module box 1. The vent 66 is positioned opposite to the arc-shaped guide plate 62. One end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the exhaust guide cavity 64 through the vent 66. An exhaust flame arrestor 10 is provided at the end of the connecting pipe 2 near the vent 66. The exhaust flame arrestor 10 is used to achieve primary flame arrest and particle interception before the mixed gas enters the swirling condensation mechanism 7.

[0035] Specifically, the vortex condensation mechanism 7 has a flat cylindrical structure. The vortex condensation mechanism 7 includes a vortex condensation shell 71, a condensing electrolyte guide shell 72, a top cover 73, and an outlet pipe 74. The vortex condensation shell 71 is fixedly connected to the top of the condensing electrolyte guide shell 72, and the top cover 73 is fixedly connected to the top of the vortex condensation shell 71. The vortex condensation shell 71, the condensing electrolyte guide shell 72, and the top cover 73 together form a vortex condensation chamber. A tangential air inlet 75 is provided on the vortex condensation shell 71, which is arranged tangentially along the outer periphery of the vortex condensation chamber, so that the entering mixed gas forms a stable vortex within the chamber. The end of the connecting pipe 2 away from the gas guide mechanism 6 is connected to the vortex condensation chamber through the tangential air inlet 75.

[0036] Specifically, the swirling condenser shell 71 comprises, from the outside to the inside, an outer shell 711, a phase change interlayer 712, and a thick metal condensation wall 713. The phase change interlayer 712 is filled with a phase change material whose phase change temperature is lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte. Under battery thermal runaway conditions, the phase change material absorbs heat to maintain a lower temperature plateau, thereby maintaining the temperature difference required for condensation even when the system temperature rises rapidly, improving the condensation efficiency of electrolyte vapor and droplets. An outlet pipe 74 is located in the central region of the swirling condenser chamber. One end of the outlet pipe 74 passes through the upper cover 73 and communicates with the swirling condenser chamber. The outlet pipe 74 is used to introduce the gas in the central region of the swirling condenser into the free radical weakening mechanism 8.

[0037] Specifically, the swirling condensation chamber is equipped with several swirling guide vanes 76. These vanes guide the gas to form a stable swirling flow within the chamber, enhancing the swirling intensity, stabilizing the flow field structure, and suppressing direct flow, thereby improving the centrifugal liquid separation and gas-liquid separation effects. One end of each swirling guide vane 76 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the outlet pipe 74. The vanes 76 are arranged circumferentially along the axis of the outlet pipe 74, and each vane 76 is inclined, with the inclination angle determined according to actual conditions. Gaps are left between adjacent swirling guide vanes 76 to allow the mixed gas to pass through.

[0038] Specifically, both the thick metal condensation wall 713 and the condensation electrolyte guiding shell 72 are provided with guiding grooves 77 on one side of the vortex condensation chamber. The guiding grooves 77 are used to guide the condensed electrolyte. The bottom of the condensation electrolyte guiding shell 72 is inclined, and a guiding outlet 78 is provided at the bottom of the condensation electrolyte guiding shell 72, which is located at the lowest point. A condensation electrolyte isolation chamber 79 is provided at the guiding outlet 78. A condensation electrolyte adsorption and fixation unit 791 is provided in the condensation electrolyte isolation chamber 79. The condensation electrolyte adsorption and fixation unit 791 is a high-temperature resistant porous adsorption material, which is used to adsorb, fix and seal the condensed electrolyte, thereby preventing the electrolyte from undergoing secondary volatilization or re-atomization under subsequent airflow disturbance or temperature rise conditions.

[0039] Specifically, the free radical weakening mechanism 8 includes a free radical weakening shell 81, with an inlet 82 at the bottom and an outlet 83 at the top. The end of the outlet pipe 74 furthest from the swirling condensation chamber is connected to the inlet 82. The inner cavity of the free radical weakening shell 81, along the gas flow direction, is sequentially provided with a microporous peak-shaving plate 84 and a coated metal honeycomb 85. The microporous peak-shaving plate 84 is located at the bottom of the coated metal honeycomb 85. The microporous peak-shaving plate 84 has several micropores 86, which are used to buffer and reduce pressure pulsations and velocity abrupt changes in the mixed gas. The coated metal honeycomb 85 has several honeycomb channels 87, which are used to further reduce the gas kinetic energy and reactivity through frictional dissipation and surface reaction.

[0040] Specifically, the surface of the coated metal honeycomb 85 is coated with a composite coating for free radical attenuation. When the mixed gas undergoes pyrolysis and generates a large number of active free radicals, the composite coating can attenuate the gas reactivity through free radical capture, recombination, or transformation. The composite coating includes one or more of phosphorus-based flame retardant components, halogen-based free radical inhibitory components, and transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxides capture and transform active free radicals through surface adsorption, valence state transformation, or oxygen vacancy mechanisms, thereby attenuating the gas reactivity without introducing a combustible phase. The transition metal oxides are preferably cerium oxide, manganese oxide, or their complexes. The phosphorus-based flame retardant components and free radical inhibitory components can recombine with chain carrier free radicals in the reaction system under high-temperature conditions, thereby reducing the free radical concentration. When the mixed gas does not undergo pyrolysis, the free radical attenuation mechanism 8 mainly functions to depressurize and slow down the reaction.

[0041] Specifically, the free radical weakening housing 81 has a bypass safety channel 88 inside. The bypass safety channel 88 is used to provide an alternative pressure relief path for gas when the microporous peak-shaving plate 84 or the coated metal honeycomb 85 is blocked, thereby avoiding pressure buildup in the device.

[0042] Specifically, the flame arresting and pressure relief mechanism 9 includes a flame arresting and pressure relief housing 91. The bottom of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing 91 has an inlet 92, which is connected to an outlet 83. The inner cavity of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing 91 contains a flame arresting core 94, located at the inlet 92. The flame arresting core 94 is a porous structure made of metal or ceramic material, and its interior has several small through-holes. These through-holes quench the flame front through heat conduction and channel segmentation as gas passes through. A flame arresting mesh 95 is located on the side of the flame arresting core 94 away from the inlet 92. The flame arresting mesh 95 is a multi-layered metal wire mesh structure, used in conjunction with the flame arresting core 94 to further refine the airflow and improve flame arresting reliability.

[0043] Specifically, the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing 91 has a one-way backfire prevention component at the end away from the second inlet 92. The one-way backfire prevention component includes a valve seat 96, which is fixedly connected to the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing 91. An outlet 93 is opened on the side wall of the valve seat 96. The outlet 93 passes through the side wall of the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing 91 and the side wall of the gas treatment and pressure relief box 3 and communicates with the outside. The outlet 93 is used to discharge gas. An installation groove 97 is opened inside the valve seat 96. A valve disc 98 for opening and closing the outlet 93 is slidably installed in the installation groove 97. A spring 99 is fixedly connected to one end of the valve disc 98. The end of the spring 99 away from the valve disc 98 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the installation groove 97. Under normal depressurization conditions, the mixed gas pushes the valve disc 98 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 99 and open the outlet 2 93, and is discharged through the outlet 2 93; when flames, shock waves or reverse pressure appear outside, the valve disc 98 quickly closes the outlet 2 93 under the combined action of the spring 99 and the reverse pressure, thereby preventing flames or high-temperature gas from flowing back into the battery module box 1.

[0044] Specifically, the working principle of this invention is as follows: when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the mixed gas is first vertically ejected through the battery pressure relief valve 5, then rectified through the exhaust guide perforated plate 61, and enters the exhaust guide cavity 64 through the exhaust guide hole 65. Under the restriction of the inner wall of the battery module box 1 and the arc-shaped guide plate 62, the flow direction is changed, and then it enters the connecting pipe 2 through the gas outlet 66. The exhaust flame arrestor net 10 at the gas outlet 66 performs primary flame arrest and particle interception on the mixed gas.

[0045] The mixed gas flows in the connecting pipe 2 and enters the vortex condensation chamber through the tangential inlet 75. A stable vortex is formed within the chamber. Electrolyte vapors with relatively large molecular weights move away from the vortex center under centrifugal force and condense into liquid upon contact with the cooler thick metal condensation wall 713. The remaining gases in the mixed gas gradually converge towards the vortex center region and flow to the inlet 82 through the outlet pipe 74. The condensed liquid electrolyte flows under gravity along the guide channel 77 provided on the thick metal condensation wall 713 into the guide channel 77 provided on the condensing electrolyte guide shell 72. Then, under the guidance of gravity and the guide channel 77 provided on the condensing electrolyte guide shell 72, it flows to the guide outlet 78 and into the condensing electrolyte isolation chamber 79. The condensing electrolyte adsorption and fixation unit 791 adsorbs, fixes, and seals the condensed electrolyte for storage.

[0046] The mixed gas enters the inner cavity of the free radical weakening shell 81 through inlet 82, and then passes sequentially through the microporous peak-shaving plate 84 and the coated metal honeycomb 85. The micropores 86 buffer the pressure pulsations and velocity abrupt changes of the mixed gas, while the honeycomb channels 87 further reduce the gas kinetic energy and reactivity through frictional dissipation and surface reaction. When the mixed gas undergoes a pyrolysis reaction and generates a large number of active free radicals, the composite coating can weaken the gas reactivity through free radical capture, recombination, or conversion. When the mixed gas does not undergo a pyrolysis reaction, the free radical weakening mechanism 8 mainly functions to depressurize and slow down the gas.

[0047] After passing through the coated metal honeycomb 85, the mixed gas exits through outlet 83 and is discharged from the free radical weakening mechanism 8. Then, it enters the inner cavity of the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing 91 through inlet 92, and then passes through the flame arrestor core 94 and flame arrestor mesh 95 in sequence. The through-channel quenches the flame front through heat conduction and channel segmentation. The flame arrestor mesh 95 refines the airflow scale and improves the flame arrestor reliability. The mixed gas continues to flow forward. Under normal pressure relief conditions, the mixed gas pushes the valve disc 98 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 99 and open outlet 93, and is discharged through outlet 93. When flames, shock waves, or reverse pressure appear outside, the valve disc 98 quickly closes outlet 93 under the combined action of the spring 99 and the reverse pressure, thereby preventing flames or high-temperature gas from flowing back into the battery module box 1.

[0048] Specifically, in this invention, the device uses a multi-stage series exhaust guiding mechanism, a swirl condensation mechanism 7, a free radical weakening mechanism 8, and a flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism 9 to perform graded guiding, condensation, reactivity weakening, and terminal flame arrestor and backfire prevention treatment on the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery. This achieves controlled guiding and exhaust of the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery module, and realizes synergistic reduction of the thermal runaway gas generated by the lithium battery at multiple levels such as temperature, liquid phase content, reactivity, and flame propagation risk. This reduces the risk of flame propagation and explosion, and improves the safety of the mining lithium battery system operating in confined spaces.

[0049] Specifically, in this invention, the free radical weakening shell 81 has a bypass safety channel 88 inside. When the microporous peak-shaving plate 84 or the coated metal honeycomb 85 becomes blocked, the mixed gas can be depressurized and discharged through the bypass safety channel 88, thereby avoiding system pressure buildup. The flame arrestor and pressure relief mechanism 9 has a one-way backfire prevention component consisting of a valve disc 98, a spring 99, and a valve seat 96. Under normal pressure relief conditions, the mixed gas pushes the valve disc 98 to open against the elastic force of the spring 99 and discharges through the directional outlet 2 93. When flames, shock waves, or reverse pressure appear externally, the valve disc 98 closes rapidly under the combined action of the spring 99 and the reverse pressure, thereby preventing flames or high-temperature gas from flowing back into the battery module box 1. The bypass safety channel 88 and the one-way backfire prevention component improve the safety redundancy of the device under extreme operating conditions, making it particularly suitable for lithium battery safety protection in restricted, high-risk environments such as mines.

[0050] The above embodiments merely illustrate the basic principles and characteristics of the present invention, but are not limited to the above implementation schemes. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery module multistage pressure relief-explosion suppression-fire retardant guide device, characterized in that, The battery module box (1), connecting pipe (2), and gas treatment pressure relief box (3) are provided. The battery module box (1) has several single lithium batteries (4) inside. The top of the single lithium battery (4) is provided with a battery pressure relief valve (5). The top of the battery module box (1) is provided with a gas guiding mechanism (6). The gas outlet of the battery pressure relief valve (5) is connected to the gas guiding mechanism (6). One end of the connecting pipe (2) is connected to the gas guiding mechanism (6). The gas treatment pressure relief box (3) is provided with a swirl condensation mechanism (7), a free radical weakening mechanism (8), and a flame arrestor pressure relief mechanism (9). The swirl condensation mechanism (7) is connected to the free radical weakening mechanism (8). The free radical weakening mechanism (8) is connected to the flame arrestor pressure relief mechanism (9). The end of the connecting pipe (2) away from the gas guiding mechanism (6) is connected to the swirl condensation mechanism (7). The swirling condensation mechanism (7) includes a swirling condensation shell (71), a condensing electrolyte guide shell (72), a top cover (73), and an outlet pipe (74). The swirling condensation shell (71) is fixedly connected to the top of the condensing electrolyte guide shell (72), and the top cover (73) is fixedly connected to the top of the swirling condensation shell (71). The swirling condensation shell (71), the condensing electrolyte guide shell (72), and the top cover (73) together form a swirling condensation chamber. A tangential air inlet (75) is provided on the vortex condenser shell (71). The end of the connecting pipe (2) away from the gas guiding mechanism (6) is connected to the vortex condenser chamber through the tangential air inlet (75). The vortex condenser shell (71) includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer shell (711), a phase change interlayer (712), and a thick metal condensation wall (713). The phase change interlayer (712) is filled with a phase change material whose phase change temperature is lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte. The air outlet pipe (74) One end of the tube passes through the top cover (73) and communicates with the swirling condensation chamber. The swirling condensation chamber is provided with several swirling guide vanes (76). One end of each swirling guide vane (76) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer side wall of the outlet pipe (74). The several swirling guide vanes (76) are arranged circumferentially along the axis of the outlet pipe (74). Each swirling guide vane (76) is inclined. There is a gap between adjacent swirling guide vanes (76). Both the condensation wall (713) and the condensation electrolyte guide shell (72) located on one side of the vortex condensation chamber are provided with guide grooves (77). The bottom of the condensation electrolyte guide shell (72) is an inclined structure. The bottom of the condensation electrolyte guide shell (72) is provided with a guide outlet (78). A condensation electrolyte isolation chamber (79) is provided at the guide outlet (78). A condensation electrolyte adsorption and fixing unit (791) is provided in the condensation electrolyte isolation chamber (79). The free radical weakening mechanism (8) includes a free radical weakening shell (81), with an inlet (82) at the bottom and an outlet (83) at the top. The end of the outlet pipe (74) away from the swirling condensation chamber is connected to the inlet (82). The inner cavity of the free radical weakening shell (81) is provided with a microporous peak-shaving plate (84) and a coated metal honeycomb (85). The microporous peak-shaving plate (84) is located at the bottom of the coated metal honeycomb (85). The microporous peak-shaving plate (84) is provided with a number of micropores (86). The surface of the coated metal honeycomb (85) is coated with a composite coating for free radical weakening. The coated metal honeycomb (85) is provided with a number of honeycomb channels (87). The inner cavity of the free radical weakening shell (81) is provided with a bypass safety channel (88). The flame arresting and pressure relief mechanism (9) includes a flame arresting and pressure relief housing (91). The bottom of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing (91) has an inlet two (92), which is connected to an outlet one (83). The inner cavity of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing (91) has a flame arresting core (94). The flame arresting core (94) has several through-holes inside. The flame arresting core (94) is located at the inlet two (92). A flame arresting mesh (95) is provided on the side of the flame arresting core (94) away from the inlet two (92). A one-way backfire prevention component is provided at the end of the flame arresting and pressure relief housing (91) away from the inlet two (92). The one-way backfire prevention component includes... The valve seat (96) is fixedly connected to the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing (91). The valve seat (96) has an outlet (93) on its side wall. The outlet (93) passes through the side wall of the flame arrestor and pressure relief housing (91) and the side wall of the gas treatment pressure relief box (3) and communicates with the outside. The valve seat (96) has an installation groove (97) inside. A valve disc (98) for opening and closing the outlet (93) is slidably installed in the installation groove (97). A spring (99) is fixedly connected to one end of the valve disc (98). The end of the spring (99) away from the valve disc (98) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the installation groove (97).

2. The multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas guiding mechanism (6) includes an exhaust guiding perforated plate (61), which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box (1). The exhaust guiding perforated plate (61) divides the inner cavity of the battery module box (1) into an installation cavity (63) and an exhaust guiding cavity (64). The exhaust guiding cavity (64) is located above the installation cavity (63). Several individual lithium batteries (4) are arranged in the installation cavity (63). Several exhaust guiding holes (65) are opened on the exhaust guiding perforated plate (61). The outlet end of the battery pressure relief valve (5) corresponds one-to-one with the exhaust guiding hole (65).

3. The multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas guiding mechanism (6) also includes an arc-shaped guide plate (62), which is installed on one side of the exhaust guiding cavity (64). The bottom of the arc-shaped guide plate (62) is fixedly connected to the exhaust guiding perforated plate (61), the two sides of the arc-shaped guide plate (62) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the battery module box (1), and the top of the arc-shaped guide plate (62) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the battery module box (1).

4. The multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor device for battery modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery module box (1) has an air outlet (66) on one side. The air outlet (66) is arranged opposite to the arc-shaped guide plate (62). One end of the connecting pipe (2) is connected to the exhaust guide cavity (64) through the air outlet (66).

5. The multi-stage pressure relief-explosion suppression-flame arrestor discharge device for battery modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the connecting pipe (2) near the air outlet (66) is provided with an exhaust flame arrestor (10).

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