Adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method and system of inverter

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method and system for an inverter. The method comprises the steps that the input voltage, the output voltage, the internal temperature and the output power of the inverter are monitored in real time; judging whether to enter an enhancement mode based on the input voltage and the output power, and dynamically adjusting the maximum output power limit and the steady-state output voltage target value according to the internal temperature in the enhancement mode; in the monitoring process, if input voltage abnormity, output load abnormity or internal overtemperature are recognized, early warning or turn-off action is executed according to preset multi-stage protection logic, and the logic comprises graded protection on the input voltage, load protection on output overload / overcurrent / short circuit and internal overtemperature protection. According to the invention, self-adaptive switching and output dynamic optimization of the operation mode are realized, and the adaptability, the output performance, the safety and the reliability of the inverter are remarkably improved through a multi-stage protection mechanism combining software and hardware.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power electronics and automatic control technology; specifically, it relates to an adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method and system for an inverter. Background Technology

[0002] As a key power conversion device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), the reliability, safety, and adaptability of inverters directly affect the stable operation of the entire power supply system. With the rapid growth of new energy applications and mobile power supply demands, inverters face increasingly complex and variable operating environments. Input voltage may vary significantly due to power fluctuations or sudden load changes; output load may switch instantaneously from light load to heavy load or even a short circuit; simultaneously, the internal temperature of the device will vary with ambient temperature and its own power consumption. These dynamic changes place higher demands on the inverter's control strategies and protection mechanisms.

[0003] Existing inverters typically employ relatively fixed control modes and protection strategies. For example, most inverters only have a single input overvoltage / undervoltage protection point, directly shutting off the output when the voltage exceeds the threshold. This "one-size-fits-all" approach is prone to frequent false shutdowns during critical voltage fluctuations, affecting power supply continuity. Under overload or high-temperature conditions, the common practice is to directly derating or shutting down the inverter, lacking an adaptive mechanism to dynamically adjust output capacity based on temperature changes. Furthermore, traditional inverters have relatively simple status indicators, often displaying faults only through a single indicator light or simple codes, failing to clearly distinguish operating modes, warning states, and various levels of faults, hindering users from quickly and accurately grasping the equipment status and intervening.

[0004] Especially in applications with wide input voltage ranges and frequent load changes, such as vehicle inverters or off-grid solar systems, there is an urgent need for a solution that can automatically switch operating modes and dynamically adjust output parameters based on real-time operating conditions, and provide multi-level intelligent protection and clear status indications. Current technologies lack a systematic approach that deeply integrates mode-adaptive control, multi-level protection logic, and intuitive multi-modal status indications.

[0005] Therefore, developing an inverter control method and system that can achieve adaptive output control, has multi-mode intelligent protection, and provides clear status indications is of great practical significance and technical value for improving equipment performance, reliability, and user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method and system for inverters. The purpose of the present invention is to build an inverter solution that can dynamically respond to changes in operating conditions, maximize power supply continuity while ensuring safety, and provide clear human-machine interaction by integrating intelligent mode switching, temperature-based adaptive power regulation, hierarchical protection mechanism and multi-mode status indication.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: An adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method for an inverter includes the following steps: S10: Real-time monitoring of the inverter's input voltage, output voltage, internal temperature, and output power; S20: Based on the input voltage and output power, determine whether the preset enhanced mode entry conditions are met, and control the inverter to switch from normal mode to enhanced mode operation when the conditions are met; in enhanced mode, dynamically adjust the maximum output power limit value and steady-state output voltage target value of the inverter based on the internal temperature; S30: During the monitoring process, if an abnormal input voltage, abnormal output load, or internal temperature exceeding the protection threshold is detected, corresponding early warning or protection shutdown actions are executed according to the preset multi-level protection logic; the multi-level protection logic includes at least graded protection for input voltage, load protection for output overload / overcurrent / short circuit, and protection for internal overtemperature. S40: Based on the current working mode, operating status and triggered protection type of the inverter, generate and output corresponding multi-modal status indication information. The information includes at least the code or data displayed on the screen, the color and flashing status of the indicator lights, and the sounding mode of the buzzer.

[0008] Preferably, in step S20: The enhanced mode entry conditions include: the input voltage is within a first voltage range and the output power is greater than a first power threshold; or, receiving an enhanced mode activation command from the user. The enhanced mode exit conditions include: the input voltage is continuously lower than the lower limit of the first voltage range; or, the internal temperature is continuously higher than the first temperature threshold; or, in enhanced mode, the output voltage is continuously higher than a set voltage for more than a first time threshold and then automatically switches back to normal mode. The first voltage range is 10V to 15.5V, the first power threshold is 2000W, the first temperature threshold is 105℃, the set voltage is 115V, and the first time threshold is 5 seconds.

[0009] Preferably, the dynamic adjustment based on the internal temperature in step S20 specifically includes: When the internal temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the maximum output power limit is set to the second power threshold, and the steady-state output voltage target value is adjusted to the first target voltage. When the internal temperature is greater than the third temperature threshold, the maximum output power limit is set to the third power threshold, and the steady-state output voltage target value is adjusted to the second target voltage. Wherein, the third power threshold is less than the second power threshold, and the second target voltage is lower than the first target voltage; The second temperature threshold is 95°C, and the third temperature threshold is 100°C; the second power threshold is 2000W, and the third power threshold is 1800W; the first target voltage is 108V, and the second target voltage is 100V.

[0010] Preferably, the graded protection of the input voltage in step S30 includes: Warning-level protection: When the input voltage is lower than the first protection voltage threshold but higher than the second protection voltage threshold, a warning action is executed to maintain the inverter output and trigger the first type of status indication; Shutdown protection: When the input voltage is lower than the second protection voltage threshold or higher than the third protection voltage threshold, a protection shutdown action is performed, the inverter output is stopped and the second type of status indication is triggered; The first protection voltage threshold is 10.0V, the second protection voltage threshold is 9.5V, and the third protection voltage threshold is 15.5V.

[0011] Preferably, the load protection for output overload / overcurrent / short circuit in step S30 includes: Overload protection: Triggered when the output power continuously exceeds the rated overload power; Overcurrent protection: Triggered when the output current continuously exceeds the rated overcurrent current; Short circuit protection: When the instantaneous output current exceeds the short circuit current threshold, the output is immediately cut off through a hardware fast shutdown path independent of the main control program.

[0012] Preferably, in step S40, the output rules for the multimodal state indication information include: When in normal mode and without faults, the green indicator light remains on, and the display screen cycles through the output voltage and power. When in enhanced mode, the yellow indicator light stays on and the display shows the enhanced mode logo. When the warning level protection is triggered, the red indicator light will flash at the first frequency and the buzzer will sound the first alarm mode. When the shutdown protection is triggered, the red indicator light stays on, and the buzzer emits a second beeping mode, different from the first beeping mode.

[0013] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system for implementing the method described in any of the preceding claims, comprising: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the inverter's input voltage, output voltage, internal temperature, and output power parameters in real time. A mode management and adaptive control unit is connected to the parameter acquisition unit. It is used to determine and control the inverter to switch between normal mode and enhanced mode based on the output signal of the parameter acquisition unit, and to dynamically adjust the output power limit and voltage target according to the temperature parameter in enhanced mode. A multi-level protection adjudication and execution unit is connected to the parameter acquisition unit and is used to identify input abnormalities, load abnormalities and temperature abnormalities based on the parameters, and to execute graded early warning or protection shutdown actions according to preset logic. The status indication unit, connected to the mode management and adaptive control unit and the multi-level protection decision and execution unit, is used to output corresponding visual and auditory indication information according to the current mode and status of the system.

[0014] Preferably, the mode management and adaptive control unit includes a mode switching submodule and a power adaptive submodule; The multi-level protection decision and execution unit includes an input voltage protection submodule, an output load protection submodule, and a temperature protection submodule; The status indication unit includes a display screen driver submodule, an indicator light driver submodule, and a buzzer driver submodule.

[0015] Preferably, a hardware fast shutdown circuit is also included, which is connected in series in the main output circuit of the inverter. The output of the current detection module in the parameter acquisition unit is directly connected to the control terminal of the hardware fast shutdown circuit, forming a hardware protection path independent of the multi-level protection decision and execution unit. When the instantaneous current exceeds the short-circuit threshold, the hardware fast shutdown circuit is directly driven to cut off the circuit.

[0016] Preferably, the parameter acquisition unit includes: The input voltage detection circuit consists of a first voltage divider network and a first analog-to-digital converter. The output voltage detection circuit consists of a second voltage divider network and a second analog-to-digital converter. The current detection circuit uses a Hall current sensor; The temperature detection circuit uses a thermistor or a digital temperature sensor attached to the heat sink of the power device.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By introducing an "enhanced mode" and its intelligent entry / exit mechanism, this invention enables the inverter to automatically increase its output voltage and load capacity under specific input voltage and load requirements (e.g., 10V-15.5V and power >2000W), effectively expanding the device's operating range. Simultaneously, the tiered input voltage protection mechanism (early warning and shutdown) avoids unnecessary shutdowns during critical voltage fluctuations, significantly improving power supply continuity. This invention creatively introduces an adaptive power and voltage adjustment strategy based on internal temperature within the enhanced mode. When the temperature rises (e.g., >95℃), the system automatically limits the maximum output power and lowers the voltage regulation target, achieving real-time matching between output capacity and heat dissipation conditions. This dynamic adjustment mechanism maximizes performance under permissible conditions while proactively preventing equipment damage due to overheating, achieving an optimal balance between performance and reliability.

[0018] This invention integrates a multi-layered protection system, from early warning to shutdown, and from software adjudication to hardware response. The multi-level protection logic at the software level enables refined handling of input anomalies, load anomalies, and temperature anomalies. The fast shutdown circuit at the hardware level provides the highest priority and fastest response speed protection for serious faults such as output short circuits, forming a combined software and hardware, defense-in-depth security architecture that greatly improves the overall system security. Through the collaborative work of a display screen, multi-color indicator lights, and a buzzer, this invention constructs a multi-modal status indication system. This system can not only distinguish between different operating modes such as normal and enhanced modes, but also clearly indicate early warning status and various levels of faults (e.g., distinguished by flashing / constant red lights and different alarm sounds), and intuitively display key operating parameters (voltage, power) and fault codes. This greatly improves the human-machine interaction experience, allowing users to easily monitor equipment status in real time and perform rapid fault diagnosis and handling. This invention organically integrates adaptive control, multi-level protection, and status indication functions into a unified method and system framework, with each unit module having clearly defined functions and working collaboratively. This solution is based on mature power electronics and microcontroller technologies, and is easy to implement and promote on existing inverter platforms, making it highly practical and promising for the market. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 5 ; Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 6 ; Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention is shown below. Figure 7 . Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Example Reference Figure 1-7 As shown, the inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system of the present invention comprises four main components: a parameter acquisition unit, a mode management and adaptive control unit, a multi-level protection decision and execution unit, and a status indication unit. Each unit is interconnected via a data bus and control signal lines, and works collaboratively.

[0022] The input voltage detection circuit consists of a high-precision voltage divider resistor network (Rin1, Rin2) and a low-pass filter circuit (Cin). The divided analog signal is fed into the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC1) of the microcontroller (MCU). The output voltage detection circuit has a similar structure, but the values ​​of the voltage divider resistor network (Rout1, Rout2) are designed based on a higher output voltage range, and multiple high-voltage resistors are connected in series to improve the withstand voltage capability. The ADC sampling frequency of both detection circuits is set to 10kHz, with a resolution of 12 bits.

[0023] Non-contact current measurement is performed using a closed-loop Hall effect current sensor (such as CHB-300S). The sensor is connected in series on the AC output live wire of the inverter, and its output voltage signal Vout is proportional to the current I flowing through the wire: Vout = Vref + Sens × I, where Sens is the sensitivity (e.g., 20mV / A) and Vref is the bias voltage (typically 2.5V). This analog signal is then filtered by RC and fed into the second ADC input of the MCU.

[0024] The DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is used and communicates with the MCU via a single-bus protocol. The sensor is tightly attached to the heatsink surface of critical power devices (such as MOSFETs) in the inverter using thermally conductive silicone. The MCU reads the temperature value periodically (e.g., every second), with an accuracy of ±0.5℃.

[0025] This unit is based on an MCU (such as the STM32F103 series) and implemented through software algorithms.

[0026] The main program executes the following judgments every 1ms: 1) Read the input voltage value Vin after conversion by ADC1; 2) Read the current value I and calculate the real-time output power Pout = Vout × I × PF (power factor, default value is 0.95); 3) If Vin remains between 10.0V and 15.5V for 10 consecutive cycles (i.e., 10ms), and the corresponding average value of Pout is greater than 2000W, then set the enhanced mode flag ENH_MODE = 1.

[0027] When ENH_MODE = 1, the following adaptive control is executed: 1) Voltage loop reference adjustment: In normal mode, the reference value Vref_normal of the voltage loop PI controller is set to 110V; in enhanced mode, Vref_enh is set to 118V. Smooth switching is achieved through a lookup table method.

[0028] 2) Power and temperature adaptive: The program maintains a two-dimensional lookup table and outputs the power limit Plimit and voltage adjustment coefficient Kv based on the read temperature value T.

[0029] When T ≤ 95℃: Plimit = 2400W, Kv = 1.0 (i.e., maintain Vref_enh = 118V); When 95℃ <t ≤ 100℃时：plimit="2000W，Kv" = 0.915（对应vref="108V）" 当t>At 100℃: Plimit = 1800W, Kv = 0.847 (corresponding to Vref=100V); Power limiting is achieved by introducing a limiter in the current loop, and voltage regulation is achieved by modifying Vref_enh.

[0030] Continuous monitoring in enhanced mode: 1) If Vin remains below 10.0V for more than 1 second, clear the ENH_MODE flag; 2) If T remains above 105℃ for more than 2 seconds, clear the ENH_MODE flag and trigger over-temperature protection; 3) If the output voltage Vout remains above 115V for more than 5 seconds, the ENH_MODE flag will be automatically cleared and the system will switch back to normal mode.

[0031] The multi-level protection decision and execution unit is integrated into the MCU's software protection interrupt service routine, and has a higher priority than the main loop task.

[0032] Input voltage tiered protection is executed in a timer interrupt (1kHz): Warning level: If 9.5V ≤ Vin < 10.0V, the warning flag WARN_FLAG = 1 is set, and the warning start time is recorded. In this state, the PWM output is unaffected.

[0033] Shutdown level: If Vin < 9.5V or Vin > 15.5V, immediately set the protection flag PROTECT_FLAG = 1 and call the PWM_Disable() function to shut down all PWM output channels.

[0034] Overload protection: Calculate Pout in the main loop. If it exceeds 3000W for 1 second, trigger overload protection and gradually reduce the PWM duty cycle until it is turned off.

[0035] Overcurrent protection: During ADC interrupt, the I value is detected. If it continuously exceeds 41.7A for 100ms, the PWM is immediately shut down.

[0036] Short circuit protection: Implemented through a separate hardware path.

[0037] In the temperature reading task, if T>105℃, immediately set the over-temperature protection flag OTP_FLAG = 1 and turn off the PWM output.

[0038] The display driver uses a 128×64 dot matrix OLED display, connected to the MCU via an SPI interface. Display tasks are updated every 500ms. Normal fault-free mode: Alternately displays "U=XXX.XV" (5 seconds) and "P=XXXXW" (5 seconds); Enhanced mode: Displays the "SUP" indicator in the upper left corner of the screen, along with the current voltage and power; Fault mode: Display the fault code (such as "E02-Low Input") in full screen and continue to display it until the fault is cleared.

[0039] The indicator lights control three LEDs (red, yellow, and green) which are connected to the GPIO pins (PA0, PA1, and PA2) of the MCU, and connected to a 3.3V power supply through pull-up resistors.

[0040] GPIO control logic: Normal mode: PA2 output is low (green light is on), PA0 and PA1 output is high; Enhanced mode: PA1 output is low (yellow light on), PA0 and PA2 output are high; Warning status: PA0 toggles at a frequency of 1Hz via a timer (red light flashes); Protection status: PA0 output is always low (red light is always on).

[0041] The buzzer driver circuit consists of an NPN transistor Q1 (S8050), a base current-limiting resistor Rb (1kΩ), and a buzzer (active, 5V). The MCU's PWM channel (e.g., TIM2_CH1) is connected to Rb. Single-tone alarm: Outputs a 200ms 3kHz PWM wave with a 50% duty cycle; Continuous alarm: Repeatedly outputs a PWM wave at a frequency of 2Hz, alternating between "500ms on, 500ms off," for 5 cycles.

[0042] The fast shutdown circuit is independent of the MCU main control system: 1) The non-inverting input of comparator U1 (LM311) is connected to the output voltage V_sense of the Hall sensor; 2) The inverting input terminal is connected to the reference voltage Vref_short, and the voltage value corresponding to the 100A current is set through a resistor divider. 3) When I > 100A, V_sense > Vref_short, and the comparator outputs a high level; 4) This high-level signal quickly turns off the power MOSFET Q2 (IRFP4668) through the driver chip U2 (such as IR2110). 5) At the same time, the comparator output sends the fault signal to the external interrupt pin of the MCU through an optocoupler, triggering a short-circuit protection interrupt; The measured response time of this hardware path is less than 10μs, which is much faster than the response time of software protection (typically >100μs).

[0043] After the system powers on, all modules initialize and enter normal operation mode. When the vehicle starts and drives the load, assuming: Input voltage Vin = 12.5V (within the range of 10-15.5V); Output power Pout = 2200W (greater than 2000W); The system automatically enters enhanced mode, the yellow light stays on, the display shows "SUP", and the output voltage is increased to 118V.

[0044] After running for a period of time, the radiator temperature rose to 97℃. The system automatically limits the power to 2000W and adjusts the output voltage to 108V; the status indicator remains unchanged.

[0045] If the input voltage drops to 9.6V due to battery degradation: the system triggers a low input voltage warning; the red light starts flashing (0.5Hz); the buzzer emits a single "beep" sound (once every 2 seconds); the display shows "E01"; the output remains continuous, allowing the user time to adjust or turn off the device; If the voltage continues to drop to 9.3V: the system triggers input low voltage protection; the red light stays on; the buzzer emits a rapid "beep beep" sound (twice per second for 5 seconds); the display shows "E02"; the PWM output is immediately turned off.

[0046] When the fault condition disappears (voltage returns to 9.8V): the system automatically resumes normal operation; the status indicator changes accordingly.

[0047] The prototype was tested, and the results showed that: 1) Mode switching response time: <50ms; 2) Enhanced mode voltage boost accuracy: ±2V; 3) Temperature adaptive adjustment error: ±3℃; 4) Hardware short circuit protection response time: <10μs; 5) Software protection response time: <200μs.

[0048] All functional indicators met the design requirements, verifying the effectiveness of the technical solution of this invention.

[0049] The above embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. All other modifications, substitutions or alterations made to the above structure of the present invention based on the above content of the present invention, in accordance with ordinary technical knowledge and common practice in the field, without departing from the basic technical idea of ​​the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.< / t>

Claims

1. An adaptive output control and multi-mode protection method for an inverter, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Real-time monitoring of the inverter's input voltage, output voltage, internal temperature, and output power; S20: Based on the input voltage and output power, determine whether the preset enhanced mode entry conditions are met, and control the inverter to switch from normal mode to enhanced mode operation when the conditions are met; In enhanced mode, the maximum output power limit and steady-state output voltage target of the inverter are dynamically adjusted based on the internal temperature. S30: During the monitoring process, if an abnormal input voltage, abnormal output load, or internal temperature exceeding the protection threshold is detected, corresponding early warning or protection shutdown actions are executed according to the preset multi-level protection logic; the multi-level protection logic includes at least graded protection for input voltage, load protection for output overload / overcurrent / short circuit, and protection for internal overtemperature. S40: Based on the current working mode, operating status and triggered protection type of the inverter, generate and output corresponding multi-modal status indication information. The information includes at least the code or data displayed on the screen, the color and flashing status of the indicator lights, and the sounding mode of the buzzer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S20: The enhanced mode entry conditions include: the input voltage is within a first voltage range and the output power is greater than a first power threshold; or, receiving an enhanced mode activation command from the user. The enhanced mode exit conditions include: the input voltage is continuously lower than the lower limit of the first voltage range; or, the internal temperature is continuously higher than the first temperature threshold; or, in enhanced mode, the output voltage is continuously higher than a set voltage for more than a first time threshold and then automatically switches back to normal mode. The first voltage range is 10V to 15.5V, the first power threshold is 2000W, the first temperature threshold is 105℃, the set voltage is 115V, and the first time threshold is 5 seconds.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S20, which involves dynamically adjusting the internal temperature, specifically includes: When the internal temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the maximum output power limit is set to the second power threshold, and the steady-state output voltage target value is adjusted to the first target voltage. When the internal temperature is greater than the third temperature threshold, the maximum output power limit is set to the third power threshold, and the steady-state output voltage target value is adjusted to the second target voltage. Wherein, the third power threshold is less than the second power threshold, and the second target voltage is lower than the first target voltage; The second temperature threshold is 95°C, and the third temperature threshold is 100°C; the second power threshold is 2000W, and the third power threshold is 1800W; the first target voltage is 108V, and the second target voltage is 100V.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded protection of the input voltage in step S30 includes: Warning-level protection: When the input voltage is lower than the first protection voltage threshold but higher than the second protection voltage threshold, a warning action is executed to maintain the inverter output and trigger the first type of status indication; Shutdown protection: When the input voltage is lower than the second protection voltage threshold or higher than the third protection voltage threshold, a protection shutdown action is performed, the inverter output is stopped and the second type of status indication is triggered; The first protection voltage threshold is 10.0V, the second protection voltage threshold is 9.5V, and the third protection voltage threshold is 15.5V.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load protection for output overload / overcurrent / short circuit in step S30 includes: Overload protection: Triggered when the output power continuously exceeds the rated overload power; Overcurrent protection: Triggered when the output current continuously exceeds the rated overcurrent current; Short circuit protection: When the instantaneous output current exceeds the short circuit current threshold, the output is immediately cut off through a hardware fast shutdown path independent of the main control program.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S40, the output rules for the multimodal state indication information include: When in normal mode and without faults, the green indicator light remains on, and the display screen cycles through the output voltage and power. When in enhanced mode, the yellow indicator light stays on and the display shows the enhanced mode logo. When the warning level protection is triggered, the red indicator light will flash at the first frequency and the buzzer will sound the first alarm mode. When the shutdown protection is triggered, the red indicator light stays on, and the buzzer emits a second beeping mode, different from the first beeping mode.

7. An inverter adaptive output control and multi-mode protection system for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the inverter's input voltage, output voltage, internal temperature, and output power parameters in real time. A mode management and adaptive control unit is connected to the parameter acquisition unit. It is used to determine and control the inverter to switch between normal mode and enhanced mode based on the output signal of the parameter acquisition unit, and to dynamically adjust the output power limit and voltage target according to the temperature parameter in enhanced mode. A multi-level protection adjudication and execution unit is connected to the parameter acquisition unit and is used to identify input abnormalities, load abnormalities and temperature abnormalities based on the parameters, and to execute graded early warning or protection shutdown actions according to preset logic. The status indication unit, connected to the mode management and adaptive control unit and the multi-level protection decision and execution unit, is used to output corresponding visual and auditory indication information according to the current mode and status of the system.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mode management and adaptive control unit includes a mode switching submodule and a power adaptive submodule; The multi-level protection decision and execution unit includes an input voltage protection submodule, an output load protection submodule, and a temperature protection submodule; The status indication unit includes a display screen driver submodule, an indicator light driver submodule, and a buzzer driver submodule.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a hardware fast shutdown circuit, which is connected in series in the main output circuit of the inverter; The output of the current detection module in the parameter acquisition unit is directly connected to the control terminal of the hardware fast shutdown circuit, forming a hardware protection path independent of the multi-level protection decision and execution unit. When the instantaneous current exceeds the short-circuit threshold, the hardware fast shutdown circuit is directly driven to cut off the circuit.

10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The parameter acquisition unit includes: The input voltage detection circuit consists of a first voltage divider network and a first analog-to-digital converter. The output voltage detection circuit consists of a second voltage divider network and a second analog-to-digital converter. The current detection circuit uses a Hall current sensor; The temperature detection circuit uses a thermistor or a digital temperature sensor attached to the heat sink of the power device.

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