Optical storage system power stabilizing method, system and device based on moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation and medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation control, discloses an optical storage system power stabilizing method, system and equipment based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation and a medium, and aims to solve the problem that the stabilizing effect, the response speed and the service life of the equipment are difficult to consider at the same time in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an irradiance and temperature data sequence containing a plurality of moments before and after the current moment; processing the two sequences by adopting a moving average algorithm to obtain reference irradiance and reference temperature; calculating photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature and the photovoltaic module power characteristic model; monitoring the actual photovoltaic output power in real time, and calculating the deviation between the actual photovoltaic output power and the reference power; generating an energy storage charging and discharging instruction by using a PI controller with SOC and power upper limit constraint; and controlling the energy storage system to carry out bidirectional dynamic compensation, so that the total grid-connected power approaches the reference power. According to the invention, through lightweight data fusion and constrained energy storage control, rapid and accurate stabilization of power fluctuation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation control technology, specifically relating to a power smoothing method, system, equipment, and medium for photovoltaic-storage systems based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used globally due to their advantages such as zero carbon emissions and low maintenance costs. However, their output power is significantly affected by real-time fluctuations in environmental factors such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. For example, under cloudy weather conditions, irradiance can drop sharply from 800 W / m² to 200 W / m² within minutes, causing severe fluctuations in the output power of photovoltaic power plants. If such fluctuations are directly connected to the grid, they will adversely affect grid frequency stability, voltage quality, and dispatch reliability. Therefore, effectively mitigating grid-connected photovoltaic power fluctuations has become a key technical issue in the field of photovoltaic-storage system control.

[0003] Currently, mainstream power smoothing technologies are mainly divided into two categories: active power control and energy storage system regulation. In terms of active power control, smoothing algorithms based on historical data rely solely on past data and cannot reflect short-term future trends, resulting in a delayed response to sudden fluctuations. Feedforward control based on predictive models is affected by meteorological data resolution and model errors, leading to significant prediction deviations under complex weather conditions and potentially causing control failure. Regarding energy storage system regulation, single energy storage control strategies have simple logic but do not fully consider constraints such as the state of charge (SOC) and upper limits of charge / discharge power, potentially leading to overcharging and over-discharging of the energy storage system and shortening its lifespan. While photovoltaic-energy storage combined control technology can achieve better control effects, its algorithm complexity is high, requiring high-performance computing equipment, and parameters need to be adjusted according to the application scenario, resulting in poor versatility.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, several solutions have been proposed in existing technologies. For example, a Chinese invention patent (publication number CN119010192A) proposes to achieve power smoothing by fusing energy storage adaptability with impact load characteristics. However, this method requires real-time data interaction and collaborative calculation among distributed nodes. Multi-node collaboration leads to a lag in control command response, resulting in untimely smoothing of high-frequency power fluctuations. Furthermore, the impact load characteristics are based solely on real-time power data and do not incorporate short-term future prediction information, making it impossible to adjust energy storage charging and discharging strategies in advance. Another Chinese invention patent (publication number CN110165707A) proposes to optimize by establishing a state-space model and using model predictive control. However, this method requires precise... System models are problematic, as factors such as photovoltaic module aging and ambient temperature drift can lead to model parameter mismatch, resulting in accumulated state estimation errors. Furthermore, the computational complexity of model predictive control is high, making it difficult to meet real-time requirements. Another Chinese invention patent (publication number CN119482745A) proposes achieving power balance through a load assessment function and a power smoother, but its technical logic is not sufficiently adaptable to a single photovoltaic system. The load assessment function is not directly linked to the key physical parameters of the photovoltaic modules, resulting in a lack of physical basis for the baseline power generation mechanism. Moreover, the multi-energy coordination logic of wind-solar complementarity makes the energy storage control strategy insufficiently targeted, reducing power smoothing efficiency.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies suffer from several shortcomings. First, at the data utilization level, there is insufficient integration of historical trends and future predictions. Second, at the model dependency level, there is an over-reliance on system modeling accuracy, which can lead to model mismatch due to the strong time-varying nature of photovoltaic systems. Third, at the control logic level, the high algorithm complexity makes real-time operation on low-cost hardware difficult. These deficiencies make it difficult for existing power mitigation methods to balance mitigation effectiveness, response speed, and equipment lifespan in engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the aforementioned shortcomings and deficiencies in the existing technology, one of the objectives of this invention is to at least solve one or more of the problems existing in the power smoothing methods, systems, devices, and media of photovoltaic-storage systems based on moving average algorithms and dynamic power compensation in the existing technology. In other words, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a power smoothing method, system, device, and media of photovoltaic-storage systems based on moving average algorithms and dynamic power compensation that meets one or more of the aforementioned requirements, so as to achieve the technical effect of rapid and accurate smoothing of photovoltaic power fluctuations through lightweight data fusion and constrained dynamic energy storage compensation, while ensuring the smoothing effect, reducing computational complexity, and extending the life of energy storage equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the irradiance data sequence and ambient temperature data sequence containing the current time and multiple times before and after it; S2. The irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence are processed using a moving average algorithm to obtain the reference irradiance and reference temperature. S3. Calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module; S4. Monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power; S5. Based on the power deviation, generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system using a constrained PI controller. S6. Control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charging and discharging command, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0008] As a preferred option, step S1 specifically involves: Centered on the current time t, historical real irradiance and historical real temperature from time tn to time t-1, as well as predicted irradiance and predicted temperature from time t+1 to time t+m are collected to form the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence. Where n and m are positive integers, and the time interval between the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence is a preset fixed time step.

[0009] As a preferred option, step S3 specifically involves: Calculate the maximum possible output power of the photovoltaic array under the current conditions based on the reference irradiance and the reference temperature; The maximum possible output power is reduced based on a preset load reduction rate to obtain the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0010] As a preferred option, step S5 specifically involves: The power deviation is input into the PI controller to generate the initial charge / discharge power command; Obtain the current state of charge and preset power limit constraints of the energy storage system; Determine whether the initial charge / discharge power command simultaneously satisfies the state of charge constraint and the power upper limit constraint; If so, the initial charge / discharge power command will be output as the final charge / discharge command. If not, the initial charge / discharge power command is modified to satisfy all constraints before being output.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the state of charge constraint includes: When the power deviation indicates that the photovoltaic power is excessive and the energy storage system needs to be charged, the current state of charge must be less than the preset maximum allowable state of charge. When the power deviation indicates a photovoltaic power deficit and the energy storage system needs to discharge, the current state of charge must be greater than the preset minimum allowable state of charge.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the power upper limit constraint includes: When the energy storage system needs to be charged, the power value of the initial charge / discharge power command shall not be greater than the preset maximum charging power. When the energy storage system needs to discharge, the power value of the initial charge / discharge power command is not greater than the preset maximum discharge power.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the bidirectional dynamic power compensation specifically comprises: When the actual output power is greater than the photovoltaic reference output power, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in charging mode to absorb the excess power. When the actual output power is less than the photovoltaic reference output power, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in discharge mode to make up for the power deficit.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a power mitigation system for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, characterized in that it includes a method for implementing the power mitigation method for a photovoltaic-storage system as described in the first aspect, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire irradiance data sequences and ambient temperature data sequences that include the current time and multiple times before and after it; A data processing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence using a moving average algorithm to obtain a reference irradiance and a reference temperature. A reference power calculation module, connected to the data processing module, is used to calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module. The deviation calculation module is connected to the photovoltaic system and the reference power calculation module, and is used to monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power. A control command generation module, connected to the deviation calculation module, is used to generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system based on the power deviation using a constrained PI controller. An energy storage control module, connected to the control command generation module and the energy storage system, is used to control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charge and discharge commands, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, the computer device including a memory, a processor and a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the power smoothing method for the optical storage system as described in the first aspect.

[0016] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the power stabilization method for the optical storage system as described in the first aspect.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs a moving average algorithm to construct a lightweight data fusion mechanism. It eliminates the need for complex multi-node real-time collaborative computation, focusing solely on locally collected historical and predicted power data. By averaging power data from adjacent time periods, it quickly filters out high-frequency noise while preserving power change trends. This data processing mode greatly simplifies the computational logic, reduces data processing time costs, and enables edge computing devices to quickly complete data processing, ensuring timely responses to high-frequency power fluctuations and avoiding the lag issues caused by multi-node collaboration.

[0018] 2. This invention constructs a reference power generation model based on the physical parameters of photovoltaic modules. Based on the physical characteristics of photovoltaic modules, such as rated power, temperature coefficient, and irradiance-temperature relationship, and combined with smoothed reference irradiance and temperature, the reference power is directly calculated using physical formulas. This model deeply relates to the intrinsic mechanism of photovoltaic power generation, and its parameters are less affected by time-varying factors such as module aging and temperature drift, exhibiting stronger environmental adaptability and effectively avoiding the risk of model mismatch. It provides a reliable reference for subsequent power adjustment.

[0019] 3. This invention uses a PI controller with charge and discharge power constraints. It takes a simple proportional-integral regulation logic as the core and introduces constraints such as the upper and lower limits of energy storage SOC and the maximum value of charge and discharge power when calculating the charge and discharge power. The algorithm logic is simple and the amount of calculation is small. It can run efficiently on low-cost embedded hardware. At the same time, it effectively avoids overcharging and over-discharging of energy storage, reduces the frequency of charge and discharge switching, protects energy storage equipment and extends its service life.

[0020] 4. This invention incorporates historical data from the past 10 minutes into the moving average processing to capture power change trends, while simultaneously integrating predicted data from the next 10 minutes to anticipate short-term fluctuations. This multi-dimensional data fusion allows the power smoothing strategy to move beyond passively responding to real-time data and instead adjust energy storage charging and discharging plans in advance, enhancing the foresight of regulation and improving the ability to respond to sudden power fluctuations.

[0021] 5. This invention achieves efficient data processing through moving averages, generates accurate benchmarks based on physical models, and completes stable regulation using constrained PI controllers. The organic combination of these three elements overcomes the imbalances in existing technologies, such as insufficient data utilization, excessive model dependence, and complex control logic. From a direct technical perspective, this invention improves data processing efficiency and enhances power regulation accuracy. From a final technical perspective, this invention significantly reduces computational complexity while ensuring smoothing effects, extends the lifespan of energy storage equipment, improves the grid-friendliness and engineering practicality of photovoltaic-energy storage systems, and provides a superior engineering solution for power smoothing in photovoltaic-energy storage systems.

[0022] Further or more detailed beneficial effects will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments in the detailed implementation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the power smoothing method for a photovoltaic energy storage system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the electronic device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the output power of a photovoltaic-storage system under different energy storage ratios, provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the change in energy storage output power under a 15% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the change in SOC of energy storage under a 15% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram comparing the adjustment capacity with and without an energy storage system participating in power smoothing under a 15% energy storage ratio, provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the change in energy storage output power under a 30% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the change in SOC of energy storage under a 30% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram comparing the adjustment capacity with and without an energy storage system participating in power smoothing under a 30% energy storage ratio, provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the change in energy storage output power under a 45% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the change in SOC of energy storage under a 45% energy storage ratio provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram comparing the adjustment capacity with and without an energy storage system participating in power smoothing under a 45% energy storage ratio, as provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0036] Icon labels: 200. Electronic devices; 201. Processor; 202. Communication bus; 203. User interface; 204. Network interface; 205. Memory. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] In the following description, several embodiments of the present invention are provided. Different embodiments can be substituted or combined. Therefore, the present invention can also be considered to include all possible combinations of the same and / or different embodiments described. Thus, if one embodiment includes features A, B, and C, and another embodiment includes features B and D, then the present invention should also be considered to include embodiments containing one or more other possible combinations of A, B, C, and D, even if such embodiments are not explicitly described in the following text.

[0039] The following description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the described elements without departing from the scope of the invention. Various processes or components may be appropriately omitted, substituted, or added to the various examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined into other examples.

[0040] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, its application scenarios will be explained before providing a detailed explanation of the specific implementation methods.

[0041] The power smoothing method for photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems described in the embodiments of this specification is applied to grid-connected scenarios where PV power generation and energy storage systems operate in conjunction, including but not limited to centralized PV power plants, distributed PV power generation systems, commercial and industrial rooftop PV, and residential PV-energy storage systems. In these scenarios, the application of the power smoothing method aims to control the total grid-connected power fluctuations of the PV-energy storage system within the grid's allowable range through rapid response and precise compensation to PV power fluctuations. This improves the grid-friendliness of PV power generation, ensures grid frequency and voltage stability, and extends the lifespan of energy storage devices and reduces system operation and maintenance costs through constrained control strategies.

[0042] The following is a brief explanation of the photovoltaic-storage system, power smoothing, moving average algorithm, dynamic power compensation, irradiance, temperature coefficient, load shedding rate, reference power, PI controller, energy storage charge and discharge command, state of charge (SOC), power upper limit constraint, bidirectional dynamic compensation, differential volatility, and energy storage ratio involved in several embodiments of this specification: Photovoltaic-storage system: refers to a combined system consisting of a photovoltaic power generation system and an energy storage system. The photovoltaic power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic modules, while the energy storage system is used to store excess electrical energy or release electrical energy when photovoltaic output is insufficient. The two work together to achieve stable power output and efficient utilization, meeting the grid's requirements for power supply stability.

[0043] Power smoothing is a technical means used to suppress power fluctuations in a power system. By monitoring and regulating the output power of the power generation system in real time, power fluctuations are controlled within a certain range to avoid adverse effects on grid frequency, voltage, etc., caused by drastic power changes, thus ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.

[0044] Moving average algorithm: A data processing method that smooths short-term fluctuations and highlights long-term trends by calculating the arithmetic mean of a continuous set of data arranged in chronological order. In this invention, the algorithm is applied to an irradiance and temperature data sequence containing multiple time points before and after the current time to calculate a baseline irradiance and temperature, providing a stable data foundation for subsequent baseline power calculations.

[0045] Dynamic power compensation refers to the process of adjusting the charging and discharging state of the energy storage system in real time based on the deviation between the actual output power of the power generation system and the reference power to make up for the power difference. When the actual power is higher than the reference power, the energy storage system charges to absorb the excess power; when the actual power is lower than the reference power, the energy storage system discharges to make up for the power deficit, thereby achieving dynamic power balance.

[0046] Irradiance: This represents the amount of solar radiation power received per unit area, measured in watts per square meter (W / m²). It is one of the key factors affecting the output power of a photovoltaic power generation system. The magnitude of irradiance directly determines the power generation capacity of photovoltaic modules, and its changes cause real-time fluctuations in photovoltaic power.

[0047] Temperature coefficient: A parameter reflecting the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module as a function of temperature. It typically refers to the relative change in output power of the PV module for every 1°C increase in temperature under standard test conditions, expressed as % / °C. A negative temperature coefficient means that the output power of the PV module decreases as the temperature increases.

[0048] Load shedding rate: refers to the ratio between the actual output power of a photovoltaic system and its maximum possible output power, usually expressed as a percentage. By setting the load shedding rate, the photovoltaic system can reserve a certain power regulation margin, so as to quickly increase output when needed, and achieve more flexible power control in conjunction with the energy storage system.

[0049] Reference power: A power value calculated based on a specific algorithm and model, serving as a reference standard for power regulation of a photovoltaic system. In this invention, the reference power is calculated by combining the reference irradiance and temperature after moving average processing, as well as the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module (considering irradiance, temperature coefficient, and load shedding rate), and is used to measure the ideal output power level that the photovoltaic system should achieve.

[0050] A PI controller, or proportional-integral controller, is a commonly used component in automatic control algorithms. It consists of a proportional element and an integral element. The proportional element outputs a control quantity proportionally to the current deviation signal, while the integral element eliminates the steady-state error of the system. By accumulating the deviation, it continuously adjusts the control quantity, enabling the system output to stably track the target value. In this invention, it is used to generate energy storage charging and discharging commands based on the deviation between the actual photovoltaic output power and the reference power.

[0051] Energy storage charge / discharge commands: These are commands issued by the controller to control the energy storage system to perform charging or discharging operations. The commands contain information such as charging / discharging power. When the actual photovoltaic power is higher than the reference power, the energy storage system is instructed to charge at a certain power; when the actual power is lower than the reference power, the energy storage system is instructed to discharge at a certain power to achieve power balance.

[0052] State of Charge (SOC): This indicates the percentage of electrical energy currently stored in an energy storage battery relative to its rated capacity. SOC values ​​typically range from 0% to 100%, where 0% indicates a fully discharged battery and 100% indicates a fully charged battery. In this invention, SOC is a crucial parameter for controlling the charging and discharging of the energy storage system to prevent damage from overcharging and over-discharging.

[0053] Power limit constraint: The maximum limit set for the charging and discharging power of the energy storage system. It includes the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power. Its purpose is to prevent the energy storage system from affecting the equipment life or causing safety problems due to excessive power during charging and discharging, and to ensure that the energy storage system operates within a safe and reasonable range.

[0054] Two-way dynamic compensation: This refers to the energy storage system's ability to compensate for power deviations in both directions based on the direction of the difference between photovoltaic power and the reference power. When photovoltaic power is excessive, charging compensation is performed; when photovoltaic power is insufficient, discharging compensation is performed. Through this two-way adjustment, dynamic tracking and compensation of power deviations are achieved, maintaining system power stability.

[0055] Differential volatility: An indicator used to measure the degree of volatility in a power sequence. It is obtained by calculating the fluctuation of the power difference between adjacent time points. The smaller the differential volatility, the more stable the power output and the better the smoothing effect.

[0056] Energy storage ratio: This refers to the ratio of the rated capacity of the energy storage system to the rated capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system, usually expressed as a percentage. Different energy storage ratios affect the power smoothing effect and cost of the photovoltaic-energy storage system. A reasonable energy storage ratio can reduce costs while ensuring the smoothing effect.

[0057] Example 1: This embodiment provides a power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain irradiance data sequence and ambient temperature data sequence containing the current time and multiple times before and after it.

[0058] In this step, the current time is used A data sequence with five time points, each five minutes apart, was constructed around the central data point. Specifically, this includes... , , Real irradiance at any moment and ambient temperature ,as well as , Predicted irradiance at time and temperature The first 10 minutes of historical data are used to capture recent fluctuations in photovoltaic power, while the next 10 minutes of forecast data incorporates forward-looking information on short-term environmental changes. A 5-minute interval balances data resolution and computational cost. The above data sequence can be represented as: .

[0059] Step S2: The irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence are processed using a moving average algorithm to obtain the reference irradiance and reference temperature.

[0060] In this step, a simple arithmetic mean algorithm is used to calculate the average value of irradiance and temperature in the 5-point sequence constructed in step S1. The calculation formula is as follows: Reference irradiance: ; Reference temperature: ; This algorithm requires no complex weight settings, only a simple arithmetic average calculation, making it suitable for real-time operation in embedded systems. It effectively suppresses sensor measurement noise while preserving data trends. When the system enters the next time step... At that time, the data sequence window slides forward, discarding... Add the data at any time. The latest forecast data is updated in real time to ensure that the baseline values ​​always reflect the latest trends in environmental change.

[0061] Step S3: Calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module.

[0062] In this step, the maximum possible output power of the photovoltaic array under the current conditions is first calculated based on the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module. (Maximum output power of the photovoltaic array) The calculation is based on the irradiance-temperature model, and the formula is as follows: , In the formula, For component operating temperature, The number of components connected in series and parallel. Rated power, For temperature coefficient, is the temperature emissivity.

[0063] Then, the maximum possible output power is reduced based on a preset load shedding rate to obtain the photovoltaic reference output power. The load shedding rate d% is used to reserve a certain power adjustment margin, enabling the photovoltaic system to quickly increase output when needed, and achieving more flexible power control in conjunction with the energy storage system. Photovoltaic Reference Output Power The calculation formula is as follows: .

[0064] It should be noted that the shuffling rate d% can be dynamically adjusted based on the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system. For example, when the energy storage SOC is low, the shuffling rate can be appropriately increased to reserve more power adjustment space so that the energy storage still has enough electricity to discharge and compensate when the photovoltaic output is insufficient.

[0065] Step S4: Monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0066] In this step, the actual output power of the photovoltaic array is monitored in real time. And compared with the photovoltaic reference output power calculated in step S3 Compare and calculate power deviation The calculation formula is as follows: .

[0067] when When the value is greater than 0, it means that the actual output power of the photovoltaic system is higher than the reference power, that is, there is excess power, and the energy storage system needs to be charged to absorb the excess power. when When the value is less than 0, it means that the actual output power of the photovoltaic system is lower than the reference power, i.e., there is a power deficit, and the energy storage system needs to discharge to make up for the insufficient power. when When the value is 0, it means that the actual output power of the photovoltaic system is equal to the reference power, and no adjustment is required from the energy storage system.

[0068] Step S5: Based on the power deviation, generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system using a constrained PI controller.

[0069] In this step, the power deviation calculated in step S4 will be used. Input to the PI controller to generate initial charge / discharge power commands. : .

[0070] A PI controller consists of a proportional element and an integral element. The proportional element outputs a control quantity proportionally based on the current deviation signal, while the integral element is used to eliminate the steady-state error of the system. By accumulating the deviation, it continuously adjusts the control quantity so that the system output can stably track the target value.

[0071] After generating the initial charge / discharge power command, it is necessary to verify and correct the command based on the current state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system and the preset power upper limit constraint. Specifically, this includes: The system obtains the current state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system, as well as preset SOC constraints and power limit constraints. The SOC constraints include a maximum permissible SOC (typically 90%-95%) and a minimum permissible SOC (typically 10%-20%). The power limit constraints include the maximum charging power. and maximum discharge power .

[0072] Determine the initial charge / discharge power command Does it simultaneously satisfy both the state of charge constraint and the power limit constraint? when When >0 (requires charging), the following must be met. and ; when When <0 (discharge required), the following conditions must be met: and .

[0073] If the initial charge / discharge power command satisfies all of the above constraints, it will be output as the final charge / discharge command. If it does not satisfy any of the constraints, the initial charge / discharge power command will be modified to satisfy all the constraints before it is output.

[0074] Step S6: Control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charging and discharging command, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0075] In this step, based on the final charge / discharge command generated in step S5, the energy storage system is controlled to perform corresponding charge / discharge operations to achieve bidirectional dynamic power compensation. when When the value is greater than 0, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in charging mode to absorb the excess power generated by the photovoltaic system. At this time, the actual charging power of the energy storage system is positive. when When the value is less than 0, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in discharge mode to supplement the power deficit of the photovoltaic system. At this time, the actual discharge power of the energy storage system is negative. when When the value is 0, the energy storage system is in standby mode and does not perform charging or discharging operations.

[0076] After bidirectional dynamic compensation by the energy storage system, the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic-storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power, thereby effectively mitigating photovoltaic power fluctuations.

[0077] Example 2: This embodiment provides a power smoothing system for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, used to implement the power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system as described in Embodiment 1, including: The data acquisition module is used to acquire irradiance data sequences and ambient temperature data sequences that include the current time and multiple times before and after it; A data processing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence using a moving average algorithm to obtain a reference irradiance and a reference temperature. A reference power calculation module, connected to the data processing module, is used to calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module. The deviation calculation module is connected to the photovoltaic system and the reference power calculation module, and is used to monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power. A control command generation module, connected to the deviation calculation module, is used to generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system based on the power deviation using a constrained PI controller. An energy storage control module, connected to the control command generation module and the energy storage system, is used to control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charge and discharge commands, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

[0078] Example 3: like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an electronic device, which may include: at least one processor, at least one network interface, a user interface, a memory, and at least one communication bus.

[0079] The communication bus can be used to enable communication between the various components mentioned above.

[0080] The user interface may include buttons, and optional user interfaces may also include standard wired interfaces and wireless interfaces.

[0081] The network interface may include, but is not limited to, Bluetooth modules, NFC modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc.

[0082] The processor may include one or more processing cores. It connects various parts of the electronic device via various interfaces and lines, executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory, and accessing data stored in memory to perform various functions and process data. Optionally, the processor can be implemented using at least one hardware form of DSP, FPGA, or PLA. The processor may integrate one or more of the following: CPU, GPU, and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required for display; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented as a separate chip without being integrated into the processor.

[0083] The memory may include RAM or ROM. Optionally, the memory may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The memory can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor. The memory, as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a power stabilization application. The processor can be used to call the power stabilization application stored in the memory and execute the steps of the power stabilization method for the optical storage system mentioned in the foregoing embodiments.

[0084] Example 4: This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer or processor, cause the computer or processor to perform the above-described instructions. Figure 1 One or more steps in the illustrated embodiment. If the constituent modules of the above-described electronic device are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.

[0085] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this specification are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., Solid State Disks (SSDs)).

[0086] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the method of Embodiment 1 described above can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks. Unless otherwise specified, the technical features of this embodiment and the implementation scheme can be combined arbitrarily.

[0087] Example 5: To verify the effectiveness of the power smoothing method for photovoltaic-storage systems based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation described in this specification, a simulation experiment was conducted in this embodiment. The experimental setup is as follows: Based on the actual operating data of a typical photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic power smoothing effect of the proposed method was simulated and analyzed under conditions of no energy storage system and with different energy storage ratios (15%, 30%, and 45%). The differential volatility was used as a quantitative evaluation index for power smoothness. The differential volatility is defined as the degree of fluctuation in the power difference between adjacent time points; the smaller the value, the more stable the power output and the better the smoothing effect.

[0088] Figure 3The graphs show a comparison of the output power of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage (ESD) systems under different energy storage ratios. As can be seen from the graphs, without an ESD system, the PV output power fluctuates wildly, exhibiting frequent and significant increases and decreases. However, with the ESD system installed, the output power of the PV and ESD systems under all three ESD ratios becomes significantly smoother, indicating that this method can effectively suppress the original fluctuations in PV power.

[0089] Figures 4 to 12 This further demonstrates the changes in output power and state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system under different energy storage ratios. From Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 10 As shown in the SOC change curve, with a 15% energy storage ratio, the energy storage SOC gradually decreases as the system continues to operate. When the SOC is below 0.1 (i.e., 10%), the energy storage system cannot continue to discharge due to the lower limit of SOC, resulting in a weakening of the power smoothing effect during this period. However, with energy storage ratios of 30% and 45%, the SOC remains in the safe operating range above 0.1, ensuring the continuous regulation capability of the energy storage system.

[0090] from Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 As shown in the energy storage output power curve, with the increase of the energy storage ratio, the depth of the energy storage system's participation in power smoothing regulation gradually decreases, that is, the regulation task undertaken by the unit energy storage capacity is reduced, and the system's operating margin increases.

[0091] Table 1 shows the differential fluctuation rate of the output power of the photovoltaic-storage system under different energy storage ratios.

[0092] Table 1:

[0093] Table 1 shows that the differential volatility without energy storage is 0.0533, which decreases to 0.0134 after configuring a 15% energy storage ratio, and further decreases to 0.0132 after configuring a 30% energy storage ratio. The differential volatility after configuring a 45% energy storage ratio is the same as that under the 30% ratio, both at 0.0132. This indicates that the power smoothing effect continuously improves with the increase of the energy storage ratio, but when the energy storage ratio reaches 30%, further increasing the energy storage capacity no longer significantly improves the smoothing effect.

[0094] Based on the above simulation results, the following conclusions can be drawn: First, the power smoothing method for photovoltaic-storage systems proposed in this embodiment can effectively suppress the original fluctuations in photovoltaic power and significantly reduce the differential fluctuation rate of output power under different energy storage ratios, thus verifying the effectiveness of the method. Second, the energy storage ratio has a significant impact on the power smoothing effect. With a ratio of 15%, the smoothing effect is limited by the SOC and there is a risk of attenuation. With a ratio of 30%, the smoothing effect is good and the SOC is always kept in the safe range. With a ratio of 45%, the smoothing effect is comparable to that of 30%, but the energy storage capacity utilization rate is reduced. Third, taking into account both the mitigation effect and system cost, 30% is the preferred energy storage ratio for applying the method of this invention to this typical scenario.

[0095] In summary, this embodiment verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in photovoltaic power smoothing through simulation experiments, providing reliable technical support and parameter reference for practical engineering applications.

[0096] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0097] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0098] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this invention are still within the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of embodiments of the invention upon considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of the invention are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Obtain the irradiance data sequence and ambient temperature data sequence containing the current time and multiple times before and after it; S2. The irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence are processed using a moving average algorithm to obtain the reference irradiance and reference temperature. S3. Calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module; S4. Monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power; S5. Based on the power deviation, generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system using a constrained PI controller. S6. Control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charging and discharging command, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

2. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 is as follows: Centered on the current time t, historical real irradiance and historical real temperature from time tn to time t-1, as well as predicted irradiance and predicted temperature from time t+1 to time t+m are collected to form the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence. Where n and m are positive integers, and the time interval between the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence is a preset fixed time step.

3. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is as follows: Calculate the maximum possible output power of the photovoltaic array under the current conditions based on the reference irradiance and the reference temperature; The maximum possible output power is reduced based on a preset load reduction rate to obtain the photovoltaic reference output power.

4. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 is as follows: The power deviation is input into the PI controller to generate the initial charge / discharge power command; Obtain the current state of charge and preset power limit constraints of the energy storage system; Determine whether the initial charge / discharge power command simultaneously satisfies the state of charge constraint and the power upper limit constraint; If so, the initial charge / discharge power command will be output as the final charge / discharge command. If not, the initial charge / discharge power command is modified to satisfy all constraints before being output.

5. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The state of charge constraints include: When the power deviation indicates that the photovoltaic power is excessive and the energy storage system needs to be charged, the current state of charge must be less than the preset maximum allowable state of charge. When the power deviation indicates a photovoltaic power deficit and the energy storage system needs to discharge, the current state of charge must be greater than the preset minimum allowable state of charge.

6. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power upper limit constraint includes: When the energy storage system needs to be charged, the power value of the initial charge / discharge power command shall not be greater than the preset maximum charging power. When the energy storage system needs to discharge, the power value of the initial charge / discharge power command is not greater than the preset maximum discharge power.

7. The power smoothing method for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional dynamic power compensation specifically refers to: When the actual output power is greater than the photovoltaic reference output power, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in charging mode to absorb the excess power. When the actual output power is less than the photovoltaic reference output power, the energy storage system is controlled to operate in discharge mode to make up for the power deficit.

8. A power smoothing system for a photovoltaic-storage system based on a moving average algorithm and dynamic power compensation, characterized in that, The method for implementing the power smoothing of a photovoltaic-storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire irradiance data sequences and ambient temperature data sequences that include the current time and multiple times before and after it; A data processing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process the irradiance data sequence and the ambient temperature data sequence using a moving average algorithm to obtain a reference irradiance and a reference temperature. A reference power calculation module, connected to the data processing module, is used to calculate the photovoltaic reference output power based on the reference irradiance, the reference temperature, and the power characteristic model of the photovoltaic module. The deviation calculation module is connected to the photovoltaic system and the reference power calculation module, and is used to monitor the actual output power of the photovoltaic system in real time and calculate the power deviation between the actual output power and the photovoltaic reference output power. A control command generation module, connected to the deviation calculation module, is used to generate charging and discharging commands for the energy storage system based on the power deviation using a constrained PI controller. An energy storage control module, connected to the control command generation module and the energy storage system, is used to control the energy storage system to perform bidirectional dynamic power compensation according to the charge and discharge commands, so that the total grid-connected power of the photovoltaic and energy storage system approaches the photovoltaic reference output power.

9. A computer device, the computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the power smoothing method for the photovoltaic energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the power smoothing method for the photovoltaic energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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