Automatic laser marking equipment for PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

Abstract

The invention discloses PCB automatic laser marking equipment which comprises a marking machine head, a bearing frame, a conveying belt device arranged below the marking machine head, a rack arranged at the top of the gear and located on one side of the marking machine head, a laser marking device arranged on the rack, a laser marking device arranged on the rack, and a laser marking device arranged on the laser marking device, wherein the bearing frame is arranged below the marking machine head and rotationally provided with a carrier plate through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is coaxially and fixedly provided with a gear. The rack can be correspondingly connected with the gear in linear movement in a meshed mode so as to drive the gear in linear movement to rotate synchronously. The carrying plate, the gear and the rack are arranged below the marking machine head, the conveying belt device is used as a unique driving source, in the linear movement process of the conveying bearing frame, plate overturning is synchronously completed through cooperation of the gear and the rack, and the to-be-marked position at the corner of the reverse side is automatically aligned to the position below the marking machine head in a follow-up mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PCBA production technology, specifically to an automatic laser marking device for PCB boards. Background Technology

[0002] In the PCB manufacturing process, double-sided laser marking technology is widely used for laser engraving of production information and traceability codes such as QR codes, serial numbers, and logos. The marking positions on both sides are set at the same corresponding location depending on the actual working conditions. Furthermore, depending on the actual layout of the components on the board, the marking position may not be perfectly centered, sometimes offset to one side of the board's center line. Examples include small-sized, densely component-rich mobile phone motherboards and smartwatch substrates; markings on the four corners or edges of automotive sensor PCBs and central control PCBs; and markings near the MARK point on PLC module PCBs and inverter PCBs.

[0003] During the production of this type of board, the production line often encounters the following problems: After the front marking is completed, the marking machine head moves up and the board is flipped to prepare for the back marking. Since the marking position is not located on the center line of the board, but near the corner, the marking point on the back will be offset relative to the marking machine head after flipping. The closer to the corner, the greater the offset.

[0004] Therefore, to address this problem, existing technologies typically employ the following two methods to complete reverse marking: one is that after the production line flips the plate, the marking head automatically locks and aligns with the offset marking position; the other is that after flipping the plate, a linear pushing device (such as a cylinder) on the production line pushes the plate to below the marking head to correct the offset position.

[0005] However, regardless of which scheme is adopted, the operation process is relatively fragmented, step-by-step, and not smooth. It is necessary to first drive the board to flip through the drive source, then use the drive source to align the marking position (drive the marking head to move and align with the board) or correct it (drive the board to move and align with the marking head), and finally use the conveyor line as the final drive source to output the marked board, which increases the equipment drive load and operation steps. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic laser marking device for PCB boards, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the driving technology is fragmented because separate driving sources are required to drive the board flipping and the board translation and alignment separately.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution: An automatic laser marking device for PCB boards includes: Marking head; A support frame is located below the marking machine head. A carrier plate for loading PCB boards is rotatably mounted on the support frame via a rotating shaft, and a gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft. A conveyor belt device is located below the marking head and is used to support and transport the carrier frame. The conveyor belt device is used to drive the carrier frame to move past the bottom of the marking head in an intermittent conveying manner. A rack is disposed on top of the gear and located on one side of the marking head. The rack can mesh with the linearly moving gear to drive the moving gear to rotate synchronously. When the conveyor belt device drives the carrier frame to move, the gear meshes with the rack to drive the rotating shaft to rotate the carrier plate synchronously, so that the area to be marked on the other side of the PCB board, corresponding to the marking position of the first side that has been marked, is positioned directly below the marking head.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bearing frame is a hollow square frame, and the two sides of the bearing frame are arranged on the two conveyor belts of the conveyor belt device. The carrier plate is rotatably arranged inside the bearing frame through the rotating shaft. The supporting frame is provided with a transverse through hole, and the rotating shaft is rotatably inserted into the transverse through hole; The transverse perforation end is coaxially connected to a loading hole, the top of the loading hole is disposed through the bearing frame, and the gear is rotatably disposed within the loading hole.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first limiting plate and a second limiting plate are respectively provided on the outer side wall of the carrier plate and the inner side wall of the bearing frame. The first limiting plate and the second limiting plate are collinearly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The first limiting plate and the second limiting plate are staggered in the Z direction so that after the carrier plate is flipped, the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate overlap. Furthermore, magnetic attractors with different magnetic properties are horizontally arranged on the overlapping surfaces of the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate. The two magnetic attractors are automatically attracted by magnetic force to correct the position of the carrier plate after flipping, so that it is in a horizontal state for the marking head to perform a secondary marking operation.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supporting frame is fixedly connected to the conveyor belt device through a connecting structure, and the conveyor belt device has two annular conveyor belts that are spaced apart and rotate in a cycle.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two connecting structures are provided, and the two connecting structures are respectively provided on the two annular conveyor belts to support the two sides of the bearing frame, and each connecting structure is located in the middle of the bearing frame.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connection structure includes a fixed seat and a movable seat slidably disposed within the fixed seat. The bottom of the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the annular conveyor belt, and the top of the fixed seat is slidably connected to the movable seat. The movable seat is fixedly connected to the bearing frame. A fixing member capable of fixing the sliding position of the movable seat is provided between the movable seat and the fixed seat. The direction in which the movable seat slides within the fixed seat is consistent with the arrangement direction of the plurality of bearing frames to adjust the spacing between adjacent bearing trays.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an upper plate device and a lower plate device are respectively provided on both sides of the marking head. The upper plate device is located upstream of the conveying direction of the supporting frame, and the lower plate device is located downstream of the conveying direction of the supporting frame.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reset toothed plate is also provided on one side of the marking head. The reset toothed plate is located at the corresponding position of the gear tooth edge. The reset toothed plate can cooperate with the gear to flip and reset the PCB board after double-sided marking. The upper plate device, the marking head, the rack, the reset rack, and the unloading device are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the supporting frame.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reset toothed plate is also provided on one side of the marking head. The reset toothed plate is located at the corresponding position of the gear tooth edge. The reset toothed plate can cooperate with the gear to flip and reset the PCB board after double-sided marking. The upper plate device, the marking head, the rack, the unloading device, and the reset rack are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the bearing frame.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention utilizes a carrier plate, gears, and racks positioned below the marking head, with a conveyor belt as the sole drive source. During the linear movement of the conveyor frame, the gears and racks synchronously flip the sheet material, automatically aligning the marking area on the reverse side corners with the marking head. This eliminates the need for additional flipping drives and alignment correction devices, integrating the sheet material conveying, flipping, and alignment into a single, synchronized process. This significantly reduces the technical problems of fragmented processes and inconsistent workflows, while also minimizing the need for additional drive units and optimizing the marking operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a partial side sectional view of the present invention, specifically a schematic diagram of the part connection structure.

[0019] The labels in the diagram represent the following: 1. Marking head; 2. Support frame; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Carrier plate; 5. Gear; 6. Conveyor belt device; 7. Rack; 8. Marking area; 9. Transverse perforation; 10. Loading hole; 11. First limiting plate; 12. Second limiting plate; 13. Magnetic suction component; 14. Connecting structure; 15. Fixed base; 16. Moving base; 17. Upper plate device; 18. Lower plate device; 19. Reset gear plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] This invention provides an automatic laser marking device for PCB boards, including a marking machine housing, which internally houses a marking head 1, a support frame 2, a conveyor belt device 6, and a rack and pinion 7. Specifically: like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the marking head 1 is a conventional laser marking component in the prior art, used to perform laser marking operations on the surface of the PCB board. The laser power, marking speed and marking accuracy can be adjusted according to the actual marking requirements (such as QR codes, serial numbers, logos, MARK dots, etc.). Its installation position is fixed and faces the conveyor belt device 6 below, ensuring that the marking area of ​​the marking head 1 can cover the designated position on the conveying path of the supporting frame 2.

[0022] The support frame 2 is located directly below the marking head 1, serving as the mounting carrier for the carrier plate 4 and driving the carrier plate 4 to move synchronously with the conveyor belt device 6. The carrier plate 4 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 2 via a rotating shaft 3. The size of the carrier plate 4 is adapted to the size of the PCB board to be processed, ensuring stable loading of the PCB board and preventing displacement or damage during conveying and flipping. The rotating shaft 3 is connected to both the carrier plate 4 and the support frame 2. One end is rotatably connected to the support frame 2, ensuring the carrier plate 4 can be flexibly flipped, allowing for switching between the front and back sides of the PCB board. Its end is connected to the support frame 2 via a damping structure, such as friction particles to increase friction and provide initial resistance to keep the carrier plate 4 in a horizontal position, preventing accidental flipping before each marking operation. Simultaneously, a gear 5 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft 3, rotating synchronously with it, meaning that the rotation of the gear 5 drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate synchronously.

[0023] The conveyor belt device 6 is located below the marking head 1 and is used to support and transport the transfer support frame 2. It operates in an intermittent conveying mode, that is, when the conveyor belt device 6 moves the support frame 2 directly below the marking head 1, the conveying stops. After the marking operation is completed, it continues to move the support frame 2 to complete the marking operation of subsequent PCB boards in sequence. The conveying direction of the conveyor belt device 6 is consistent with the arrangement direction of the support frame 2, and its conveying speed can be adjusted according to the marking efficiency of the marking head 1 to ensure that the marking operation and the conveying operation are coordinated and to avoid incomplete marking or conveying jams.

[0024] Rack 7 is positioned on top of gear 5 and on one side of the marking head 1. The length of rack 7 is aligned with the conveying direction of conveyor belt device 6. The tooth profile of rack 7 matches that of gear 5, enabling it to mesh with the linearly moving gear 5 and drive it to rotate synchronously. The installation height of rack 7 matches that of gear 5, ensuring that when the support frame 2 moves with conveyor belt device 6, gear 5 can accurately mesh with rack 7, and the meshing process is smooth and without jamming.

[0025] In practice, the PCB board to be marked is placed on the carrier plate 4 to ensure accurate positioning and prevent displacement during subsequent flipping and marking. The second step involves starting the conveyor belt 6, which moves the support frame 2 and carrier plate 4 towards the marking head 1. When the support frame 2 is directly below the marking head 1, the conveyor belt 6 stops. The third step involves starting the marking head 1 to perform laser marking on the first side (front) of the PCB board. After marking the front side, the marking head 1 moves upward to avoid interfering with the flipping of the carrier plate 4. The fourth step involves starting the conveyor belt 6 again, moving the support frame 2 further. At this time, the gear 5 and rack 7 on the carrier plate 4 begin to mesh, and the gears move linearly with the support frame 2. In the first step, the rack 7 drives the gear 5 to rotate synchronously, and the gear 5 drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate synchronously. The rotating shaft 3 drives the carrier plate 4 to rotate synchronously during the linear conveying process of the conveyor belt device 6. In the fifth step, when the carrier frame 2 moves to the designated position, the gear 5 disengages from the rack 7, and the carrier plate 4 stops rotating. At this time, the marking area 8 on the second side (reverse side) of the PCB board, which corresponds to the marking position on the first side, is positioned directly below the marking head 1. In the sixth step, the marking head 1 moves down to perform laser marking on the reverse side of the PCB board. After the reverse side marking is completed, the conveyor belt device 6 continues to drive the carrier frame 2 to move, conveying the PCB board with double-sided marking to the designated area, completing a complete marking process.

[0026] With the above structural setup, the conveyor belt device 6 serves as the sole driving source. During the linear movement of the conveyor frame 2, the plate is flipped synchronously through the cooperation of the gear 5 and the rack 7. This allows the marking position on the reverse side corner to automatically align with the bottom of the marking head 1, eliminating the need for additional flipping drive and alignment correction devices. The three operations of plate conveying, flipping, and translation alignment are integrated and synchronized, effectively solving the problems of process fragmentation and poor connection in the existing technology. At the same time, it reduces the configuration of the driving device and optimizes the marking operation steps. Example 1:

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the supporting frame 2 is a hollow square frame whose dimensions are matched with those of the carrier plate 4, ensuring that the carrier plate 4 can be stably installed inside the supporting frame 2 without affecting its flipping action. The two sides of the supporting frame 2 are respectively set on the two conveyor belts of the conveyor belt device 6, so that the supporting frame 2 can move synchronously with the two conveyor belts, ensuring the stability of the supporting frame 2's movement and avoiding tilting or offset.

[0028] A transverse through hole 9 is provided on the support frame 2. The transverse through hole 9 passes through both sides of the support frame 2 along the width direction. The rotating shaft 3 is rotatably inserted into the transverse through hole 9. The inner diameter of the transverse through hole 9 is matched with the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 3 to ensure that the rotating shaft 3 can rotate flexibly in the transverse through hole 9 without significant shaking during the rotation, thus ensuring the stability of the carrier plate 4 when flipping.

[0029] A loading hole 10 is coaxially connected to the end of the transverse through hole 9. The inner diameter of the loading hole 10 is larger than that of the transverse through hole 9, and the top of the loading hole 10 passes through the support frame 2 to form an open structure, which facilitates the installation and maintenance of the gear 5. The gear 5 is rotatably installed in the loading hole 10. The outer diameter of the gear 5 is matched with the inner diameter of the loading hole 10 to ensure that the gear 5 can rotate smoothly in the loading hole 10. The gear 5 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3 to realize the synchronous rotation of the gear 5 and the rotating shaft 3.

[0030] Furthermore, to eliminate error gaps during the movement and flipping process and ensure that the flipped carrier plate 4 is in a horizontal position, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a first limiting plate 11 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the carrier plate 4, and a second limiting plate 12 is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the bearing frame 2 at the position corresponding to the first limiting plate 11. The first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12 are collinearly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 3. That is, when the carrier plate 4 is rotated around the rotating shaft 3 to a specified angle, the first limiting plate 11 can accurately dock with the second limiting plate 12. At the same time, the first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12 are staggered in the Z direction (perpendicular to the horizontal plane), so that after the carrier plate 4 is rotated 180°, the first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12 can overlap and form a limiting fit to avoid excessive rotation of the carrier plate 4 and ensure the consistency of the position of the carrier plate 4 after rotation.

[0031] On the overlapping surfaces of the first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12, magnetic suction components 13 with opposite magnetic properties are horizontally arranged respectively. The positions of the two magnetic suction components 13 are corresponding. When the first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12 overlap, the two magnetic suction components 13 automatically attract each other through magnetic force, further fixing the position of the carrier plate 4, correcting the posture of the carrier plate 4 after flipping, and making it in a horizontal state. This ensures that the marking area 8 on the reverse side of the PCB board can be accurately aligned with the marking area of ​​the marking head 1, providing a stable positioning basis for the reverse marking operation, avoiding marking offset due to the tilt of the carrier plate 4, and improving marking accuracy.

[0032] The magnetic suction component 13 adopts conventional magnetic components in the prior art, such as magnets and iron sheets, and magnets with opposite poles. It is preferably installed by fitting into the interior of the first limiting plate 11 and the second limiting plate 12. The surface of the magnetic suction component 13 is flush with the surface of the limiting plate. Importantly, the fixed second limiting plate 12 is horizontally set, and the magnetic suction component 13 on it is ensured to be horizontally set. Thus, when there is a slight error gap in the fit of the gear 5 and the rack 7, causing the carrier plate 4 to flip less than 180 degrees, it can be pulled and attracted by the magnetic suction component 13 to correct it to be horizontal. Example 2:

[0033] The load-bearing frame 2 is fixedly connected to the conveyor belt device 6 through the connecting structure 14, ensuring that the load-bearing frame 2 can move synchronously with the conveyor belt device 6, avoiding relative displacement between the load-bearing frame 2 and the conveyor belt device 6 during the conveying process, and ensuring the stability of the conveying.

[0034] By fixing the support frame 2 to the conveyor belt of the conveyor belt device 6, the connection strength between the support frame 2 and the conveyor belt device 6 is higher during the movement. Its advantage is that there is enough resistance so that the rack 7 can drive the gear 5 to rotate during the movement of the carrier plate 4, thereby driving the carrier plate 4 to rotate.

[0035] The conveyor belt device 6 has two spaced-apart, cyclically rotating annular conveyor belts. The two belts are parallel to each other, with the spacing matching the width of the support frame 2. Both sides of the support frame 2 are fixedly connected to the two conveyor belts via connecting structures 14, ensuring uniform stress distribution and further improving the stability of its movement. The conveyor belts use conventional conveyor belts found in existing technology, and their material can be selected according to actual needs, such as rubber or polyurethane, ensuring sufficient wear resistance and load-bearing capacity for long-term stable operation.

[0036] Furthermore, there are two connecting structures 14, which are respectively set on the two circular conveyor belts and are used to support both sides of the bearing frame 2. This ensures that both sides of the bearing frame 2 can be evenly stressed, and prevents the bearing frame 2 from tilting or shaking during conveying and flipping, thus ensuring the stability of the equipment operation.

[0037] Each connecting structure 14 is located in the middle of the load-bearing frame 2, that is, the installation position of the connecting structure 14 corresponds to the center of gravity of the load-bearing frame 2. This further optimizes the stress on the load-bearing frame 2, prevents the load-bearing frame 2 from deforming or displacing due to uneven stress, and at the same time reduces the stress load on the connecting structure 14, extends the service life of the connecting structure 14, and ensures the reliability of the connection between the load-bearing frame 2 and the conveyor belt device 6.

[0038] In this embodiment, the conveyor belt device 6 is a ring-shaped conveyor capable of cyclic conveying, on which multiple supporting frames 2 are fixedly arranged. When passing through the marking head 1 and the rack 7 in sequence, the frame is marked, flipped, and marked a second time. By setting the connecting device in the middle of the supporting frame 2 and setting two connecting structures 14 on both sides, the connecting structure 14 can pass more smoothly and conveniently when following the ring conveyor belt past the guide roller, and will not be unable to rotate when passing the guide roller due to the large area of ​​rigid connection.

[0039] Furthermore, in this device, both marking operations are completed by the conveyor belt device 6 driving the PCB board forward. During the first transport by the conveyor belt device 6, the front side of the PCB board aligns with the marking head 1. The second drive of the conveyor belt causes the PCB board to align its back side with the marking head 1. The third drive of the conveyor belt causes the front side of the next PCB board to align with the marking head 1 for marking. These three propulsion displacements can be adjusted by changing the gear ratio of the gear 5 and rack 7 and the distance between adjacent carrier plates 4, ensuring that the stroke is equal for each propulsion.

[0040] Furthermore, by setting the specific structure of the connection structure 14, the spacing between adjacent PCBs of different sizes can be adjusted more easily, thereby making it more compatible with the flipping process of gear 5 and rack 7, so that the conveyor belt device 6 travels the same distance each time, and thus can smoothly connect the above three actions.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the connecting structure 14 includes a fixed base 15 and a movable base 16 slidably disposed within the fixed base 15. The bottom of the fixed base 15 is fixedly connected to the annular conveyor belt, and the top of the fixed base 15 is provided with a sliding groove. The movable base 16 is slidably disposed within the sliding groove and can slide flexibly along the sliding groove. The top of the movable base 16 is fixedly connected to the bearing frame 2, causing the bearing frame 2 to slide synchronously with the movable base 16.

[0042] A fastener is provided between the movable seat 16 and the fixed seat 15 to fix the sliding position of the movable seat 16. The fastener can be a conventional fastening component such as a bolt or a set screw. When the movable seat 16 slides to the designated position, the fastener is tightened to fix the movable seat 16 and the fixed seat 15, so as to prevent the movable seat 16 from sliding during the operation of the equipment and ensure the positional stability of the bearing frame 2.

[0043] The sliding direction of the movable seat 16 within the fixed seat 15 is consistent with the arrangement direction of the multiple support frames 2, that is, it slides along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt device 6. By adjusting the sliding position of the movable seat 16 within the fixed seat 15, the spacing between two adjacent support frames 2 can be changed, thereby adapting to the marking requirements of PCB boards of different sizes and improving the versatility and adaptability of the equipment. Example 3:

[0044] This embodiment adds an upper plate device 17 and a lower plate device 18, such as Figure 1 As shown, the automated loading and unloading of PCB boards for marking is realized, improving production efficiency, as detailed below: On both sides of the marking head 1, there are an upper plate device 17 and an lower plate device 18. The upper plate device 17 is located upstream of the conveying direction of the support frame 2. It is used to automatically convey the PCB board to be marked to the carrier board 4, realize the automated feeding of PCB boards, replace manual feeding, reduce labor costs, and improve feeding efficiency and feeding accuracy. The lower plate device 18 is located downstream of the conveying direction of the support frame 2. It is used to automatically remove the PCB board after double-sided marking from the carrier board 4 and convey it to the designated collection area, realize the automated unloading of PCB boards, further improve production efficiency, and realize the full automation of the PCB board marking process.

[0045] Both the loading device 17 and the unloading device 18 adopt conventional automated loading and unloading equipment in the existing technology, such as robotic arms, conveyor belt feeders, and adsorption unloading machines. Their specific structures can be selected according to actual production needs to ensure that the loading device 17 can accurately place the PCB board on the carrier board 4 and the unloading device 18 can smoothly remove the PCB board from the carrier board 4 to avoid damaging the PCB board.

[0046] In addition, as one implementation method, this embodiment further adds a reset tooth plate 19, such as... Figure 3 As shown, this device is used to flip and reset the PCB board after double-sided marking, facilitating the unloading operation of the unloading equipment 18. The specific structure and layout are as follows: A reset toothed plate 19 is also provided on one side of the marking head 1. The reset toothed plate 19 is located at the corresponding position of the tooth edge of the gear 5. The tooth profile of the reset toothed plate 19 is adapted to the tooth profile of the gear 5 and can cooperate with the gear 5. When the gear 5 moves to the position of the reset toothed plate 19 with the support frame 2, the reset toothed plate 19 meshes with the gear 5, drives the gear 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, and then drives the rotating shaft 3 and the carrier plate 4 to flip in the opposite direction, flipping and resetting the PCB board after double-sided marking to the initial horizontal state, so that the unloading equipment 18 can accurately remove the PCB board from the carrier plate 4, avoiding the difficulty of unloading or damage to the PCB board due to the PCB board being in a flipped state.

[0047] The loading device 17, marking head 1, rack 7, reset rack 19, and unloading device 18 are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the support frame 2. Their arrangement order matches the conveying path of the support frame 2, ensuring that all devices work together to complete the entire process of automated PCB board loading, front marking, flipping, back marking, reset, and unloading. The specific workflow is as follows: The loading device 17 places the PCB board to be marked on the carrier plate 4 → the conveyor belt device 6 moves the carrier frame 2 to below the marking head 1 to complete the front marking → the conveyor belt device 6 continues to move the carrier frame 2, the gear 5 meshes with the rack 7, the carrier plate 4 flips over to complete the back marking → the conveyor belt device 6 continues to move the carrier frame 2, the gear 5 meshes with the reset tooth plate 19, the carrier plate 4 resets → the conveyor belt device 6 moves the carrier frame 2 to the unloading device 18, the unloading device 18 removes the marked PCB board, completing one full process operation.

[0048] Alternatively, the arrangement order of the reset tooth plate 19 and the lower plate device 18 may be different. A reset tooth plate 19 is also provided on one side of the marking head 1. The structure of the reset tooth plate 19 and the way it cooperates with the gear 5 are the same as those in the above embodiments. It is used to flip and reset the PCB board after double-sided marking. The difference is that the arrangement order of each device is different.

[0049] The upper plate device 17, marking head 1, rack 7, lower plate device 18, and reset rack 19 are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the bearing frame 2. After the reverse marking is completed, the conveyor belt device 6 first moves the bearing frame 2 to the lower plate device 18. The lower plate device 18 removes the PCB board in the flipped state (the structure of the lower plate device 18 can be adapted to the flipped state of the PCB board). Then, the conveyor belt device 6 continues to move the unloaded bearing frame 2 to the position of the reset rack 19. The gear 5 meshes with the reset rack 19, causing the carrier plate 4 to flip and reset, which facilitates the subsequent loading of the upper plate device 17 and completes the cycle operation.

[0050] The method of mounting the PCB board on the carrier board 4 can be selected from existing technologies based on the loading and unloading methods. For example, if the carrier board 4 has a double-sided magnetic retaining plate structure, after marking is completed, the PCB board can be removed by releasing the magnetic attraction of the retaining plate, using a suction cup, robotic arm, or gravity. Alternatively, other methods can be used.

[0051] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to this application within its substance and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An automatic laser marking device for PCB boards, characterized in that, include: Marking head (1); The support frame (2) is located below the marking head (1). The support frame (2) is rotatably mounted with a carrier plate (4) for loading PCB boards via a rotating shaft (3). A gear (5) is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft (3). A conveyor belt device (6) is located below the marking head (1) and is used to support and transport the bearing frame (2). The conveyor belt device (6) is used to drive the bearing frame (2) to move through the area below the marking head (1) in an intermittent conveying manner. A rack (7) is disposed on the top of the gear (5) and located on one side of the marking head (1). The rack (7) can mesh with the gear (5) in linear movement to drive the gear (5) in movement to rotate synchronously. When the conveyor belt device (6) drives the carrier frame (2) to move, the gear (5) meshes with the rack (7) to drive the rotating shaft (3) to drive the carrier plate (4) to rotate synchronously, so that the marking area (8) on the other side of the PCB board, which corresponds to the marking position of the first marking side that has been marked, is positioned directly below the marking head (1).

2. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing frame (2) is a hollow square frame. The bearing frame (2) is arranged on two conveyor belts of the conveyor belt device (6) on both sides. The carrier plate (4) is rotatably arranged inside the bearing frame (2) through the rotating shaft (3). The bearing frame (2) has a transverse through hole (9), and the rotating shaft (3) is rotatably inserted into the transverse through hole (9); The transverse perforation (9) is coaxially connected to the end of a loading hole (10), the top of the loading hole (10) is provided through the bearing frame (2), and the gear (5) is rotatably disposed in the loading hole (10).

3. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the carrier plate (4) and the inner side wall of the bearing frame (2) are respectively provided with a first limiting plate (11) and a second limiting plate (12). The first limiting plate (11) and the second limiting plate (12) are collinearly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft (3). The first limiting plate (11) and the second limiting plate (12) are staggered in the Z direction so that after the carrier plate (4) is flipped, the first limiting plate (11) and the second limiting plate (12) overlap. Furthermore, magnetic suction components (13) with different magnetic properties are horizontally arranged on the overlapping surfaces of the first limiting plate (11) and the second limiting plate (12). The two magnetic suction components (13) are automatically attracted by magnetic force to correct the position of the carrier plate (4) after flipping so that it is in a horizontal state for the marking head (1) to perform secondary marking operation.

4. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting frame (2) is fixedly connected to the conveyor belt device (6) through the connecting structure (14), and the conveyor belt device (6) has two annular conveyor belts that are spaced apart and rotate in a cycle.

5. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are two connecting structures (14), which are respectively set on the two annular conveyor belts to support the two sides of the bearing frame (2). Each connecting structure (14) is set in the middle of the bearing frame (2).

6. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connection structure (14) includes a fixed seat (15) and a movable seat (16) slidably disposed within the fixed seat (15). The bottom of the fixed seat (15) is fixedly connected to the annular conveyor belt, and the top of the fixed seat (15) is slidably connected to the movable seat (16). The movable seat (16) is fixedly connected to the bearing frame (2). A fixing member capable of fixing the sliding position of the movable seat (16) is provided between the movable seat and the fixed seat (15). The direction in which the movable seat (16) slides within the fixed seat (15) is consistent with the arrangement direction of the plurality of bearing frames (2) to adjust the spacing between adjacent bearing trays.

7. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 4, characterized in that: An upper plate device (17) and a lower plate device (18) are respectively provided on both sides of the marking head (1). The upper plate device (17) is located upstream of the conveying direction of the bearing frame (2), and the lower plate device (18) is located downstream of the conveying direction of the bearing frame (2).

8. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 7, characterized in that: A reset toothed plate (19) is also provided on one side of the marking head (1). The reset toothed plate (19) is located at the corresponding position of the tooth edge of the gear (5). The reset toothed plate (19) can cooperate with the gear (5) to flip and reset the PCB board after completing double-sided marking. The upper plate device (17), the marking head (1), the rack (7), the reset toothed plate (19), and the unloading device are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the bearing frame (2).

9. The automatic laser marking equipment for PCB boards according to claim 7, characterized in that: A reset toothed plate (19) is also provided on one side of the marking head (1). The reset toothed plate (19) is located at the corresponding position of the tooth edge of the gear (5). The reset toothed plate (19) can cooperate with the gear (5) to flip and reset the PCB board after completing double-sided marking. The upper plate device (17), the marking head (1), the rack (7), the unloading device and the reset toothed plate (19) are arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction of the bearing frame (2).

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