Self-floating ballasting body sinking and floating construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a sinking and floating construction method for a self-floating ballast body, which comprises the following steps: connecting a ballast counterweight and a buoyancy tank group on the shore to form a self-floating underwater ballast body, floating the self-floating underwater ballast body on the water surface, and integrally floating and transporting the self-floating underwater ballast body to a sinking site of a test water area by a first engineering ship, the control valve stand is used for controlling the self-floating type underwater pressure carrier to be inflated and deflated or perform water feeding and discharging operation, the self-floating type underwater pressure carrier sinks to the water bottom according to the set speed, and ballast is provided for an underwater experiment of a tested self-floating model; and sinking the tested self-floating model without sinking and floating power into a water area with a set depth for underwater testing. According to the invention, the self-floating ballast body is used for carrying out ballast on the underwater test of the tested self-floating model, and the tested self-floating model does not need to be provided with sinking and floating power equipment, so that the installation and debugging work of the tested self-floating model is reduced, the test work difficulty and test cost are reduced, the underwater test work of personnel is not needed, and the underwater test risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underwater operation testing technology, and in particular to a self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method. Background Technology

[0002] As underwater exploration continues to advance, underwater vehicles and diving equipment are playing an increasingly important role. To ensure they possess good maneuverability, stability, stealth, and adaptability, researchers need to conduct reliable underwater tests and research.

[0003] Traditional underwater vehicles and diving equipment mainly rely on their own sinking and surfacing to conduct underwater tests (such as underwater acoustic tests). This usually requires a lot of installation and debugging work in the early stage to meet the conditions for underwater self-sinking and floating tests, which makes the test work difficult, costly and risky.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, related technologies involve sinking ballast blocks to the bottom of the test water area, using the ballast blocks to tow underwater vehicles and diving equipment into the water for underwater testing. After the test, the underwater vehicles and diving equipment are separated from the ballast blocks, which remain on the bottom of the water, while the underwater vehicles and diving equipment surface for recovery.

[0005] However, since the ballast weights can reach tens to hundreds of tons, it is difficult to transfer the ballast weights from the shore and sink them to the bottom of the water. It is also difficult to accurately sink and position the ballast weights according to the set coordinates, which is not conducive to underwater testing of underwater vehicles and diving equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method to solve the problems in related technologies, such as the difficulty in transferring ballast blocks from the shore and sinking them to the bottom of the water, the difficulty in accurately sinking and positioning the ballast blocks according to the set coordinates, and the disadvantage of underwater testing of underwater vehicles and diving equipment.

[0007] This application provides a method for the sinking and floating construction of a self-floating pressure carrier, the method comprising: Select a test area and conduct a survey on the bottom of the test area to determine the water depth and coordinates of the sinking location. On shore, ballast counterweights and buoyancy tanks are interconnected to form a self-floating underwater ballast carrier, and pulley systems are installed on top of the buoyancy tanks. A traction cable is wound around a pulley block, with one end of the traction cable connected to a winch located on the shore and the other end connected to a buoy. With the winch in neutral, the first engineering vessel will float the self-floating underwater pressure vessel and buoy as a whole to the sinking location in the test waters. The sinking attitude was corrected by using the second and third engineering vessels to tension the self-floating underwater pressure vessel in opposite directions by swinging ropes. Connect the inflation / deflation pipeline of the buoyancy tank group to the control valve platform, and connect the control valve platform to the air compressor unit located on shore. The control valve panel opens the inlet and outlet valves connected to the buoyancy tank assembly, and the inlet and outlet valves fill the buoyancy tank assembly with a set weight of water; Close the inlet and outlet valves 120, start the air compressor unit 16, and control the valve platform 15 to fill the buoyancy tank group 11 with compressed air at a set pressure through the air filling and discharging pipeline 156. When the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 and the weight of the water and compressed air injected into the buoyancy tank group 11 are greater than the buoyancy, the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 begins to sink. The second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 gradually loosen the swaying rope 8, so that the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 gradually sinks to the bottom of the water. After the self-floating underwater pressure vessel sinks to the bottom of the water, the air in the buoyancy tank group is emptied, the buoyancy tank group is filled with water, and the connection between the swaying rope and the second and third engineering vessels is disconnected. Connect the buoy to the self-floating model under test, start the winch to wind up the traction cable, and sink the self-floating model under test to the set depth to begin the underwater test operation.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method further includes: After the underwater test of the self-floating model is completed, the winch is put into neutral, and the self-floating model and the buoy float up to the surface on their own, and the connection between the self-floating model and the buoy is released. The first engineering vessel carries a buoy and moves a set distance away from the winch. Start the air compressor unit, and control the valve panel to fill the buoyancy tank with compressed air at the set pressure through the air filling and emptying pipeline. Open the inlet and outlet valves on the buoyancy tank to discharge the water in the buoyancy tank. When the buoyancy of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier is greater than the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 and the sum of the weight of the remaining water and the compressed air already filled in the buoyancy tank group 11, the buoyancy tank group begins to drive the ballast counterweight to gradually float automatically. When the buoyancy tank group 11 floats out of the water, the air filling stops and the inlet and outlet valves are closed to stop the drainage. Once the buoyancy tank assembly floats to the surface, the first engineering vessel will be used to float the buoyancy tank assembly and ballast weight to the shore and purge the air from the buoyancy tank assembly.

[0009] In some embodiments, the buoyancy tank assembly includes an intermediate tank and a plurality of side tanks surrounding and fixed to the periphery of the intermediate tank, wherein the intermediate tank and the plurality of side tanks are interconnected by a venting pipe and a liquid pipe. The ballast counterweight includes an intermediate counterweight block connected to the bottom of the intermediate tank, and a plurality of side counterweight blocks surrounding and fixed to the outer periphery of the intermediate counterweight block, wherein the plurality of side counterweight blocks are connected to the bottom of the plurality of side tanks.

[0010] In some embodiments, the intermediate tank and the side tank each include an upper tank and a lower skirt connected to each other. The upper tank is a hollow sealed tank, and the lower skirt is a hollow tubular structure that runs vertically through the upper and lower parts. The lower skirt is located at the bottom of the upper tank and is fixedly connected to each other. The intermediate counterweight is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt of the intermediate tank and forms a first water chamber with each other; the side counterweight is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt of the side tank and forms a second water chamber with each other. The side counterweight has a drainage and silt flushing channel, and the top opening of the drainage and silt flushing channel is connected to the second water tank.

[0011] In some embodiments, the intermediate counterweight and the plurality of side counterweights are all cylindrical structures, and the drainage and silt flushing channel includes a first inlet and outlet channel located in the middle of the side counterweight and extending vertically, and a plurality of second inlet and outlet channels located on the outer periphery of the first inlet and outlet channel. Each of the second inlet and outlet channels includes a vertical channel that runs vertically through the side counterweight and a horizontal channel that connects to the vertical channel and extends toward the side wall of the side counterweight.

[0012] In some embodiments, both the upper tank of the intermediate tank and the upper tank of the side tank are provided with inlet and outlet ports, and the ventilation pipeline includes an annular ventilation pipe fixed to the top of the upper tank of the intermediate tank. The annular ventilation pipe is connected to the inlet and outlet ports of the upper tank through branch ventilation pipes. The liquid pipeline includes multiple water supply pipelines connecting the upper tank of the intermediate tank and the upper tanks of each of the side tanks, and multiple return water pipelines connecting the lower skirt of the intermediate tank and the lower skirt of each of the side tanks.

[0013] In some embodiments, the upper tank of the intermediate tank is provided with a first inlet and outlet, and the lower skirt of the intermediate tank is provided with a second inlet and outlet. The liquid pipeline also includes a first inlet / outlet pipeline connected to the first inlet / outlet port, and a second inlet / outlet pipeline connected to the second inlet / outlet port; The inlet and outlet valve is connected between the first inlet and outlet pipeline and the second inlet and outlet pipeline. The inlet and outlet valve is an electrically controlled valve or a pneumatically controlled valve.

[0014] In some embodiments, the control valve platform includes a first control valve or a first controller for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves, and a filling and discharging pipeline connected to the annular vent pipe for controlling the intake or exhaust of the plurality of upper tanks. The gas filling and venting pipeline is equipped with a second control valve for filling the multiple upper tanks with gas, an exhaust valve connected to the gas filling and venting pipeline for venting the gas in each of the upper tanks, and a third control valve and a back pressure valve connected to the gas filling and venting pipeline for controlling the gas pressure in each of the upper tanks.

[0015] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the intermediate counterweight is provided with a crossbeam connecting multiple side counterweights, and the intermediate counterweight, the crossbeam and the side counterweights are integrally cast reinforced concrete structures. The top of the intermediate counterweight and the multiple side counterweights are all pre-embedded with flange seats. The intermediate counterweight is detachably connected to the intermediate tank body through the flange seats, and the side counterweights are detachably connected to the side tank bodies through the flange seats.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes: A command engineering vessel is set up around the self-floating underwater pressure vessel, and an underwater camera is installed on the command engineering vessel to observe the sinking and surfacing of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel. The command engineering vessel is equipped with a winch that drives the underwater camera to rise and fall synchronously with the self-floating underwater pressure carrier. The personnel on the command engineering vessel observe the attitude and position altitude information of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel using underwater cameras; Based on the attitude and positional altitude information of the self-floating underwater ballast vessel, the system directs and controls the inflation and deflation, water intake and drainage, and attitude adjustment of the self-floating underwater ballast vessel.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: This application provides a method for the sinking and buoyancy construction of a self-floating ballast. First, a test water area is selected, and the bottom of the test water area is surveyed to determine the water depth and coordinates of the sinking location. On shore, ballast weights and buoyancy tanks are connected to form a self-floating underwater ballast, and a pulley system is installed on top of the buoyancy tanks. A traction cable is wound around the pulley system, with one end connected to a winch on shore and the other end connected to a buoy. The winch is in neutral, and a first engineering vessel is used to float the self-floating underwater ballast and buoy together to the sinking location in the test water area. A second and third engineering vessel are used to tension the self-floating underwater ballast in opposite directions using ropes to correct its sinking attitude.

[0018] Connect the air filling / draining pipeline of the buoyancy tank assembly to the control valve platform, which in turn connects to the air compressor unit located on shore. Open the inlet / outlet valve of the buoyancy tank assembly on the control valve platform, allowing a set weight of water to be injected into the buoyancy tank assembly. Start the air compressor unit, and the control valve platform injects compressed air at a set pressure into the buoyancy tank assembly through the air filling / draining pipeline. Once the self-floating underwater pressure vessel's weight exceeds its buoyancy, the second and third engineering vessels gradually loosen the bollards, causing the self-floating underwater pressure vessel to gradually sink to the bottom. After the self-floating underwater pressure vessel sinks to the bottom, vent the air from the buoyancy tank assembly and fill it with water. Disconnect the bollards from the second and third engineering vessels. Connect the buoy to the self-floating model under test, start the winch to wind up the traction cable, and sink the self-floating model under test to the set depth to begin the underwater test operation.

[0019] Therefore, the self-floating pressure vessel sinking and buoyancy construction method of this application can precisely control the amount of water and compressed air in the buoyancy tank group, thereby controlling the buoyancy of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel. Small boats and light lifting equipment can be used to sink heavy pressure vessels, making the sinking process more controllable and safe, and improving the accuracy of the sinking point. In addition, by filling the pressure tank group with air and draining the silt, the self-floating underwater pressure vessel can be made to float freely using buoyancy. This reduces the amount of installation and debugging work required for the self-floating model under test in the early stage, reduces the difficulty and cost of the test work, eliminates the need for underwater testing by personnel, and reduces the risk of underwater testing. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a top view of the vessel deployment during the sinking construction of a self-floating underwater pressure vessel, as described in this application embodiment. Figure 2 This is a front view of the structure of the embodiment of this application after the floating underwater pressure vessel has sunk to the bottom of the water; Figure 3 This is a front view of the structure of the first engineering vessel in this application embodiment, which carries a buoy and moves a predetermined distance away from the winch. Figure 4 This is a front view of the structure of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel and pulley system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel and pulley system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel and pulley system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel and pulley system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the floating underwater pressure vessel and pulley system from another perspective, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the ballast counterweight in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the control valve platform and the buoyancy tank assembly in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure label: 1. Pulley block; 2. Traction cable; 3. Buoy; 4. Winch; 5. First engineering vessel; 6. Second engineering vessel; 7. Third engineering vessel; 8. Swing rope; 9. Command engineering vessel; 10. Self-floating underwater ballast; 11. Buoyancy tank assembly; 12. Ballast counterweight; 13. Ventilation pipeline; 14. Liquid pipeline; 15. Control valve platform; 16. Air compressor unit; 17. Towing cable; 111. Intermediate tank; 112. Side tank; 113. Upper tank; 114. Lower skirt; 115. First water tank; 116. Second water tank; 117. Connecting flange; 118. Cable connection seat; 119. Lifting lug; 120. Inlet and outlet valves; 121. Central counterweight; 122. Side counterweight; 123. Drainage and silt flushing channel; 124. Crossbeam; 125. Steel mesh; 126. Flange seat; 127. First inlet and outlet channel; 128. Vertical channel; 129. Horizontal channel; 131. Circular vent pipe; 132. Branch vent pipe; 133. Inlet and outlet vents; 141. Water supply pipe; 142. Return water pipe; 143. First inlet and outlet pipe; 144. Second inlet and outlet pipe; 151. First control valve; 152. Second control valve; 153. Third control valve; 154. Back pressure valve; 155. Exhaust valve; 156. Inflation and deflation pipe; 157. Float. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] This application provides a self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method, which can solve the problem in related technologies that the use of small ships and light lifting equipment cannot sink the ballast block to the bottom of the water, and it is difficult to accurately sink and position the ballast block according to the set coordinates, which is not conducive to underwater testing of underwater vehicles and diving equipment.

[0025] See Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for the sinking and floating of a self-floating ballast carrier is provided, the method comprising: Step 101: Select a test water area, conduct a survey on the bottom of the test water area to ensure that the bottom is flat and free of obstacles, determine the water depth and coordinates of the sinking location in the test water area, and mark the sinking location with floating objects on the water surface.

[0026] Step 102: Connect the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank assembly 11 on shore to form a self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10. The buoyancy tank assembly 11 is provided with an inlet / outlet and an outlet / vent 133. The inlet / outlet is connected to an inlet / outlet valve 120, and a pulley assembly 1 is installed on the top of the buoyancy tank assembly 11.

[0027] Step 103: Wind the traction cable 2 onto the pulley block 1. One end of the traction cable 2 is connected to the winch 4 located on the shore, and the other end of the traction cable 2 is connected to the float 3. The float 3 is used to float the other end of the traction cable 2 on the water surface and then connect and separate it from the self-floating model being measured.

[0028] Step 104: The winch 4 is put into neutral. The first engineering vessel 5 uses the tow cable 17 to float the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 and the buoy 3 together to the sinking location in the test water area. After the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 arrives at the sinking location in the test water area, the first engineering vessel 5 uses the tow cable 17 to continue to move the buoy 3 away from the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10.

[0029] Step 105: The second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 are used to tension the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 in opposite directions by swinging rope 8 to correct the sinking attitude and sinking position. The tensioning direction of the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 is perpendicular to the length direction of the traction cable 2 to avoid displacement and rotation of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 during the sinking process.

[0030] Step 106: Connect the inflation / deflation pipeline 156 of the buoyancy tank group 11 to the control valve platform 15. The control valve platform 15 is connected to the air compressor unit 16 located on the shore. A float 157 is attached to the inflation / deflation pipeline 156 to float it on the water surface.

[0031] Step 107: Control valve 15 opens the inlet and outlet valves 120 connected to the buoyancy tank assembly 11, and fills the buoyancy tank assembly 11 with a set weight of water to reduce the buoyancy of the buoyancy tank assembly 11, in preparation for the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 to sink on its own.

[0032] Step 108: Start the air compressor unit 16. Control valve 15 fills the buoyancy tank group 11 with compressed air at a set pressure through the air filling and emptying pipeline 156. The compressed air filled into the buoyancy tank group 11 can partially balance the water pressure borne by the buoyancy tank group 11 after it sinks to the bottom of the water, preventing it from being crushed by the water pressure. At the same time, the weight of the compressed air filled into the buoyancy tank group 11 is used to overcome the remaining buoyancy of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier, thereby generating a limited and controllable sinking force.

[0033] Step 109: When the sum of the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 and the weight of the water and compressed air in the buoyancy tank group 11 exceeds the buoyancy, the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 begins to sink. The second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 gradually loosen the swaying rope 8, so that the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 gradually sinks to the bottom of the water.

[0034] Both the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 are equipped with a rope winch for raising and lowering the rope 8. One end of the rope 8 is wound around the rope winch, and the other end is wound around and connected to the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 and then connected to the fixed hinge lug on the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7.

[0035] Step 110: After the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 sinks to the bottom of the water, the inlet and outlet valves 120 connected to the buoyancy tank group 11 are opened using the control valve platform 15 to fill the buoyancy tank group 11 with water. When the air pressure in the buoyancy tank group 11 exceeds the set air pressure, the compressed air in the buoyancy tank group 11 is discharged until the buoyancy tank group is filled with water. Then the connection between the swaying rope 8 and the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 is disconnected.

[0036] Step 111: Connect the float 3 or the traction cable 2 to the self-floating model under test (not shown in the figure), start the winch 4 to wind up the traction cable 2. The traction cable 2 gradually shortens and, under the guiding connection of the pulley block 1, sinks the self-floating model under test that is floating on the water surface to the set depth to start the underwater test operation.

[0037] The self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method of this application embodiment connects the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank group 11 located on the shore to form a self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10. The self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10 floats on the water surface and is floated as a whole by the first engineering vessel 5 to the sinking location in the test water area. The self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10 is accurately sinked and positioned according to the set coordinates.

[0038] By controlling the inflation and deflation or water intake and drainage of the self-floating underwater ballast 10 through the control valve platform 15, the self-floating underwater ballast 10 is sunk to the bottom of the water at a set speed to provide ballast for the underwater test of the self-floating model under test. The winch 4 sinks the self-floating model under test without buoyancy to the water depth of the set depth for underwater testing by winding the traction cable 2.

[0039] The self-floating model under test does not require the installation of buoyancy control equipment, thereby reducing the extensive installation and debugging work required in the early stages, lowering the difficulty and cost of the test, eliminating the need for underwater personnel to conduct underwater testing, and reducing the risk of underwater testing.

[0040] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for the sinking and floating of a self-floating ballast carrier is provided, the method further comprising: Step 112: After the underwater test of the self-floating model is completed, the winch 4 is put into neutral. The self-floating model and the buoy 3 will float to the surface on their own under their own buoyancy, and the connection between the self-floating model and the buoy 3 will be released.

[0041] Step 113: Using the first engineering vessel 5, the buoy 3 is moved a set distance away from the winch 4 by the tow cable 17.

[0042] Step 114: Start the air compressor unit 16, and control the valve platform 15 to fill the buoyancy tank group 11 with compressed air at a set pressure through the air filling and emptying pipeline 156. The set pressure should be greater than the water pressure that the buoyancy tank group 11 experiences at the bottom of the water. Open the inlet and outlet valves 120 on the buoyancy tank group 11 to discharge the water in the buoyancy tank group 11.

[0043] Step 115: When the buoyancy of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 is greater than the weight of the ballast counterweight 12, the buoyancy tank group 11 begins to drive the ballast counterweight 12 to gradually float automatically. When the self-sinking underwater pressure carrier 10 floats to the surface, the inflation stops and the inlet and outlet valves 120 are closed to stop the drainage.

[0044] Step 116: After the buoyancy tank assembly 11 floats to the surface, the first engineering vessel 5 is used to float the buoyancy tank assembly 11 and the ballast counterweight 12 to the shore and purge the air from the buoyancy tank assembly 11 for subsequent dismantling and recycling.

[0045] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 10 As shown in the figure, this application provides a self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method, which further includes the following based on the above embodiments: A command engineering vessel 9 is set up around the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10. An underwater camera (not shown in the figure) is installed on the command engineering vessel 9 to observe the sinking and surfacing of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10.

[0046] The command engineering vessel 9 is equipped with a winch that drives the underwater camera to rise and fall synchronously with the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10. The personnel on the command engineering vessel 9 observe the attitude and position height information of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 through the underwater camera.

[0047] The personnel on the command engineering vessel 9 direct and control the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 to inflate and deflate, ventilate and deplete, and adjust its attitude based on the attitude and position information observed by the personnel on the command engineering vessel 9, so that the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 can perform sinking and floating operations according to the instructions of the personnel on the command engineering vessel 9.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 4 to 10 As shown in the figure, this application provides a self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method. The buoyancy tank group 11 used in the method includes an intermediate tank 111 and a plurality of side tanks 112 surrounding and fixed to the outer periphery of the intermediate tank 111. The intermediate tank 111 and the plurality of side tanks 112 are interconnected through a venting pipe 13 and a liquid pipe 14.

[0049] The intermediate tank 111 and multiple side tanks 112 are interconnected via a venting pipe 13 and a liquid pipe 14. The venting pipe 13 connects the intermediate tank 111 and the multiple side tanks 112 to enable synchronous inflation and deflation, thereby maintaining a consistent gas pressure within the intermediate tank 111 and the multiple side tanks 112. The liquid pipe 14 connects the intermediate tank 111 and the multiple side tanks 112 to enable synchronous water filling and drainage, thereby maintaining a consistent liquid level within the intermediate tank 111 and the multiple side tanks 112.

[0050] The ballast counterweight 12 includes a central counterweight block 121 connected to the bottom of the central tank 111, and multiple side counterweight blocks 122 surrounding and fixed to the outer periphery of the central counterweight block 121. The multiple side counterweight blocks 122 are connected to the bottom of multiple side tanks 112. The central counterweight block 121 and the multiple side counterweight blocks 122 of the ballast counterweight 12 are made of high-density materials such as concrete, cast iron, or marble, so as to provide ballast anchoring force for the self-floating model under test in underwater tests after it sinks to the bottom of the water.

[0051] In this embodiment, the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank assembly 11 cooperate with each other. When the buoyancy tank assembly 11 is filled with water and the ballast counterweight 12 is submerged at the bottom of the water, the working depth of the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank assembly 11 in the water is greater than 200m, and the weight of the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank assembly 11 in the water is greater than 100t. This provides ballast anchoring force for the self-floating model under test in underwater testing, and the self-floating model under test is submerged at a set depth in the water for underwater testing.

[0052] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 4 to 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method is provided. The intermediate tank 111 and the side tank 112 used in the method both include an upper tank 113 and a lower skirt 114 that are connected to each other. The upper tank 113 is a hollow sealed tank, and the lower skirt 114 is a hollow tubular structure that runs through the top and bottom. The lower skirt 114 is located at the bottom of the upper tank 113 and is fixedly connected to it.

[0053] The intermediate counterweight 121 is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt 114 of the intermediate tank 111 and forms a first water tank 115. The side counterweight 122 is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt 114 of the side tank 112 and forms a second water tank 116. A drainage and sludge flushing channel 123 is provided on the side counterweight 122, and the top opening of the drainage and sludge flushing channel 123 communicates with the second water tank 116.

[0054] In this embodiment, both the intermediate tank 111 and the side tank 112 include an upper tank 113 and a lower skirt 114 connected to each other. The upper tank 113 is used for storing gas or water. When the upper tank 113 stores gas and discharges water, it is used to increase the buoyancy of the self-floating underwater ballast 10 to achieve automatic floating to the water surface. When the upper tank 113 stores part gas and part water, it is used to finely control the weight of the self-sinking tank assembly to achieve the self-floating underwater ballast 10 sinking to the bottom of the water with a small load. When the upper tank 113 is fully filled with water, the self-floating underwater ballast 10 forms a stable underwater ballast at the bottom of the water.

[0055] The lower skirt 114 is located between the upper tank 113 and the ballast counterweight 12. The lower skirt 114 not only serves as a transition connection between the upper tank 113 and the ballast counterweight 12, but also forms a second water tank 116 with the side counterweight 122 and the side tank 112. When the water discharged from the upper tank 113 enters the second water tank 116, the water in the second water tank 116 is jetted out through the drainage and sludge flushing channel 123 to flush the bottom, reducing the sludge adsorption force on the side counterweight 122. As the amount of water discharged from the upper tank 113 increases, the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 gradually decreases until it is less than the buoyancy, forming positive buoyancy. When the positive buoyancy is greater than the sludge adsorption force on the side counterweight 122, the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 detaches from the sludge and floats to achieve recovery.

[0056] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 4 to 10 As shown, this application embodiment provides a self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method. The intermediate counterweight 121 and multiple side counterweights 122 used in the method are all cylindrical structures. The drainage and silt flushing channel 123 includes a first inlet and outlet channel 127 located in the middle of the side counterweight 122 and running vertically through it, as well as multiple second inlet and outlet channels located on the outer periphery of the first inlet and outlet channel 127.

[0057] Each second inlet / outlet channel includes a vertical channel 128 that runs vertically through the side counterweight 122, and a horizontal channel 129 that connects to the vertical channel 128 and extends towards the side wall of the side counterweight 122. The bottom of the side counterweight 122 is a truncated cone, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Multiple vertical channels 128 pass through the conical surface of the truncated cone. The bottom of the middle counterweight 121 is higher than the bottom of the side counterweight 122. A steel mesh 125 is provided at the openings of the first inlet / outlet channel 127, the vertical channel 128, and the horizontal channel 129 of each side counterweight 122.

[0058] The outer periphery of the intermediate counterweight 121 is provided with a crossbeam 124 connecting multiple side counterweights. The intermediate counterweight 121, the crossbeam 124, and the side counterweights 122 are integrally cast reinforced concrete structures. Flange seats 126 are pre-embedded on the top of the intermediate counterweight 121 and the multiple side counterweights 122. The intermediate counterweight 121 is detachably connected to the intermediate tank body 111 through the flange seat 126, and the side counterweights 122 are detachably connected to the side tank bodies 112 through the flange seats 126.

[0059] In this embodiment, the ballast counterweight 12 consists of a central counterweight block 121 and six side counterweight blocks 122, all cast in reinforced concrete. The six side counterweight blocks 122 are connected (cast) to the central counterweight block 121 as a whole via crossbeams 124. Each central counterweight block 121 and side counterweight block 122 has a pre-embedded steel flange seat 126 on its top for supporting and connecting the upper central tank 111 and the side tanks 112.

[0060] Each side counterweight 122 has a first inlet / outlet channel 127 and multiple second inlet / outlet channels; the multiple second inlet / outlet channels are evenly distributed around the first inlet / outlet channel 127, and each second inlet / outlet channel is further divided into a vertical channel 128 and a horizontal channel 129.

[0061] The bottom of the side counterweight 122 is a conical truncated cone, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Multiple vertical channels 128 pass through the conical surface of the truncated cone. The bottom of the middle counterweight 121 is higher than the bottom of the side counterweight 122. A steel mesh 125 is installed at the opening of each of the first inlet / outlet channel 127, vertical channel 128, and horizontal channel 129 to prevent foreign objects from clogging the openings of these channels.

[0062] The bottom surface of the six side counterweights 122 is 1.0m higher than the bottom surface of the middle counterweight 121. When the ballast counterweight 12 sinks to the bottom, the small annular surface of the six side counterweights 122 is grounded, which can break through the silt layer and be pressed into the soil layer at the bottom of the silt, thereby providing sufficient lateral force to ensure the stability of the ballast counterweight 12 during the towing of the hull of underwater vehicles and diving equipment or large-scale models.

[0063] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 4 to 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method is provided. The upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 and the upper tank 113 of the side tank 112 are both provided with air inlet and outlet ports 133. The ventilation pipeline 13 includes an annular ventilation pipe 131 fixed to the top of the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111. The annular ventilation pipe 131 is connected to the air inlet and outlet ports 133 of multiple upper tanks 113 through branch air pipes 132.

[0064] The liquid pipeline 14 includes multiple water inlet pipes 141 connecting the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 and the upper tank 113 of each side tank 112, and multiple water return pipes 142 connecting the lower skirt seat 114 of the intermediate tank 111 and the lower skirt seat 114 of each side tank 112. The inlet and outlet include a first inlet and outlet on the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111, and a second inlet and outlet on the lower skirt seat 114 of the intermediate tank 111.

[0065] The liquid pipeline 14 also includes a first inlet / outlet pipeline 143 connected to the first inlet / outlet port and a second inlet / outlet pipeline 144 connected to the second inlet / outlet port. An inlet / outlet valve 120 is connected between the first inlet / outlet pipeline 143 and the second inlet / outlet pipeline 144, which is preferably, but not limited to, an electrically controlled valve or a pneumatically controlled valve.

[0066] The upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 and the upper tanks 113 of the multiple side tanks 112 are fixedly connected to each other via connecting flanges 117. Lifting lugs 119 are connected to the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 and the upper tanks 113 of the multiple side tanks 112. At least two of the circumferentially symmetrical side tanks 112 have cable connecting seats 118 fixedly connected to the top of their upper tanks 113. The cable connecting seats 118 are used to thread sway ropes 8 to adjust the sinking attitude and position of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10.

[0067] In this embodiment, the annular vent pipe 131 is used to introduce compressed air provided by the air compressor unit 16 into multiple upper tanks 113 through branch pipes 132 and inlet / outlet ports 133, thereby simultaneously filling the multiple upper tanks 113 with compressed air. The annular vent pipe 131 is connected to the air compressor unit 16 through a charge / discharge pipe 156. After the air compressor unit 16 delivers compressed air to the annular vent pipe 131 through the charge / discharge pipe 156, it simultaneously fills the multiple upper tanks 113 with air.

[0068] The upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 is interconnected with the upper tank 113 of each side tank 112 through multiple water pipes 141. When water is being filled and the tank sinks, the inlet and outlet valves 120 are opened, and the water entering the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 through the first inlet and outlet pipe 143 enters the upper tank 113 of each side tank 112 through multiple water pipes 141, thereby making the liquid level in the upper tank 113 of each side tank 112 consistent.

[0069] The lower skirt 114 of the intermediate tank 111 is connected to the lower skirt 114 of each side tank 112 through multiple return water pipes 142. When filling and draining, the inlet and outlet valves 120 are opened, and the water in the upper tank 113 of each side tank 112 flows into the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 through multiple water pipes 141. The water entering the upper tank 113 of the intermediate tank 111 enters the first water tank 115 through the first inlet and outlet pipe 143, the inlet and outlet valve 120, and the second inlet and outlet pipe 144.

[0070] Water entering the first water tank 115 flows into the second water tank 116 through multiple return water pipes 142. Water entering the second water tank 116 is jetted out through the drainage and sludge flushing channel 123 of the side counterweight 122 to flush the bottom of the water, reducing the sludge adsorption force on the side counterweight 122. As the amount of water discharged from the upper tank 113 increases, the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 gradually decreases until it is less than the buoyancy, forming positive buoyancy. When the positive buoyancy is greater than the sludge adsorption force on the side counterweight 122, the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 detaches from the sludge and floats to achieve recovery.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments, see Figures 4 to 10As shown in the embodiment of this application, a self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method is provided. The control valve platform 15 used in the method includes a first control valve 151 or a first controller for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves 120, and an air filling and venting pipeline 156 connected to the annular vent pipe 131 for controlling the air intake or exhaust of multiple upper tanks 113.

[0072] The gas filling and discharging pipeline 156 is provided with a second control valve 152 for filling multiple upper tanks 113 with gas, an exhaust valve 155 connected to the gas filling and discharging pipeline 156 for discharging gas from each upper tank 113, and a third control valve 153 and a back pressure valve 154 connected to the gas filling and discharging pipeline 156 for controlling the gas pressure in each upper tank 113.

[0073] In this embodiment of the application, after the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 sinks to the bottom of the water (200m), the air compressor unit 16 is started, the first control valve 151 is opened to supply air to the pneumatic device of the inlet and outlet valve 120 to open the inlet and outlet valve 120, and at the same time the back pressure valve 154 is set to a back pressure of 2.0MPa (the actual back pressure is determined according to the depth of the bottom point), and the third control valve 153 is opened.

[0074] Water from the water body is poured into multiple upper tanks 113 through inlet and outlet valves 120. After the air pressure in the multiple upper tanks 113 rises to the set pressure of the back pressure valve 154, the exhaust valve automatically opens. At the same time, the third control valve 153 is closed and the exhaust valve 155 is opened. The high-pressure air in the multiple upper tanks 113 is gradually emptied through the exhaust valve 155. When the multiple upper tanks 113 are filled with water, the total weight of the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 exceeds 100t.

[0075] When the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 needs to float, the back pressure valve 154 is set to 1.0 MPa. The air compressor unit 16 is started, the first control valve 151 supplies air to the pneumatic device of the inlet and outlet valve 120 to open the inlet and outlet valve 120, and the second control valve 152 is opened to fill the multiple upper tanks 113 with 2.4 MPa of air. The water stored in the multiple upper tanks 113 is discharged into the water area through the inlet and outlet valves 120 (the third control valve 153 and the exhaust valve 155 are both in the closed state).

[0076] When the water in the multiple upper tanks 113 is nearly emptied, the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 gains positive buoyancy and begins to rise. The second control valve 152 is closed to stop inflation, and air is supplied to the pneumatic device of the inlet / outlet valve 120 via the first control valve 151 to close the valve. The third control valve 153 is opened, allowing the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 to float freely, and the air in the multiple upper tanks 113 is discharged through the back pressure valve 154. After the self-floating underwater pressure carrier 10 floats to the surface, the third control valve 153 is closed, and the exhaust valve 155 is opened to release the 1.0 MPa of air from the multiple upper tanks 113.

[0077] Working principle This application provides a method for the sinking and floating of a self-floating ballast. The method first selects a test water area and conducts a survey of the seabed to determine the water depth and coordinates of the sinking location. On shore, the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank assembly 11 are connected to form a self-floating underwater ballast 10, and a pulley assembly 1 is installed on top of the buoyancy tank assembly 11. A traction cable 2 is wound around the pulley assembly 1, with one end connected to a winch 4 located on shore and the other end connected to a buoy 3. The winch 4 is in neutral, and a first engineering vessel 5 is used to float the self-floating underwater ballast 10 and the buoy 3 to the sinking location in the test water area. A second engineering vessel 6 and a third engineering vessel 7 are used to tension the self-floating underwater ballast 10 in opposite directions using a swaying rope 8 to correct its sinking attitude.

[0078] Connect the inflation / deflation pipeline 156 of the buoyancy tank assembly 11 to the control valve platform 15, which is connected to the air compressor unit 16 located on shore. The control valve platform 15 opens the inlet / outlet valve 120 connected to the buoyancy tank assembly 11, allowing a set weight of water to be injected into the buoyancy tank assembly 11. Start the air compressor unit 16, and the control valve platform 15 injects compressed air at a set pressure into the buoyancy tank assembly 11 through the inflation / deflation pipeline 156. When the self-weight of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 exceeds... After buoyancy is established, the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 gradually loosen the swaying rope 8, causing the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 to gradually sink to the bottom of the water. After the self-floating underwater pressure vessel 10 sinks to the bottom of the water, the air in the buoyancy tank group 11 is emptied and the buoyancy tank group 11 is filled with water. The connection between the swaying rope 8 and the second engineering vessel 6 and the third engineering vessel 7 is then released. The buoy 3 is connected to the self-floating model under test, and the winch 4 is started to wind up the traction cable 2. After the self-floating model under test is sunk to the set depth, the underwater test operation begins.

[0079] Therefore, the self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method of this application embodiment connects the ballast counterweight 12 and the buoyancy tank group 11 located on the shore to form a self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10. The self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10 floats on the water surface and is floated as a whole by the first engineering vessel 5 to the sinking location in the test water area, and the self-floating underwater ballast carrier 10 is accurately sinked and positioned according to the set coordinates.

[0080] By controlling the inflation and deflation or water intake and drainage of the self-floating underwater ballast 10 through the control valve platform 15, the self-floating underwater ballast 10 is sunk to the bottom of the water at a set speed to provide ballast for the underwater test of the self-floating model under test. The winch 4 sinks the self-floating model under test without buoyancy to the water depth of the set depth for underwater testing by winding the traction cable 2.

[0081] The self-floating model under test does not require the installation of buoyancy control equipment, thereby reducing the extensive installation and debugging work required in the early stages, lowering the difficulty and cost of the test, eliminating the need for underwater personnel to conduct underwater testing, and reducing the risk of underwater testing.

[0082] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0083] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0084] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a self-floating ballast carrier, characterized in that, The method includes: Select a test area and conduct a survey on the bottom of the test area to determine the water depth and coordinates of the sinking location. On shore, the ballast counterweight (12) and the buoyancy tank group (11) are connected to each other to form a self-floating underwater ballast carrier (10), and a pulley group (1) is installed on the top of the buoyancy tank group (11). A traction cable (2) is wound around a pulley block (1). One end of the traction cable (2) is connected to a winch (4) located on the shore, and the other end of the traction cable (2) is connected to a float (3). With the winch (4) in neutral, the first engineering vessel (5) was used to float the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) and the buoy (3) to the sinking location in the test water area. The sinking attitude was corrected by using the second engineering vessel (6) and the third engineering vessel (7) to tension the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) in opposite directions by swinging ropes (8); Connect the inflation / deflation pipeline (156) of the buoyancy tank assembly (11) to the control valve platform (15), and connect the control valve platform (15) to the air compressor unit (16) located on shore. The control valve (15) opens the inlet and outlet valve (120) connected to the buoyancy tank assembly (11), and the inlet and outlet valve (120) fills the buoyancy tank assembly (11) with a set weight of water; Close the inlet and outlet valves (120), start the air compressor unit (16), and control the valve platform (15) to fill the buoyancy tank group (11) with compressed air at the set pressure through the air filling and discharging pipeline (156); When the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) and the weight of the water and compressed air injected into the buoyancy tank group (11) are greater than the buoyancy, the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) begins to sink. The second engineering vessel (6) and the third engineering vessel (7) gradually loosen the swaying rope (8) so that the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) gradually sinks to the bottom of the water. After the floating underwater pressure vessel (10) sinks to the bottom of the water, the air in the buoyancy tank group (11) is emptied and the buoyancy tank group (11) is filled with water. The connection between the swaying rope (8) and the second engineering vessel (6) and the third engineering vessel (7) is released. Connect the buoy (3) or the traction cable (2) to the self-floating model under test, start the winch (4) to wind up the traction cable (2), and sink the self-floating model under test to the set depth to start the underwater test operation.

2. The self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After the underwater test of the self-floating model is completed, the winch (4) is put into neutral, and the self-floating model and the buoy (3) float to the surface on their own, and the connection between the self-floating model and the buoy (3) is released. The first engineering vessel (5) is used to carry the buoy (3) and move a set distance away from the winch (4); Start the air compressor unit (16), and the control valve platform (15) fills the buoyancy tank group (11) with compressed air at a set pressure through the air filling and emptying pipeline (156). Open the inlet and outlet valves (120) on the buoyancy tank group (11) to discharge the water in the buoyancy tank group (11). When the buoyancy of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) is greater than the weight of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) and the sum of the weight of the remaining water and the compressed air already filled in the buoyancy tank group (11), the buoyancy tank group (11) begins to drive the ballast counterweight (12) to gradually float automatically. When the buoyancy tank group (11) floats out of the water, the air filling stops and the inlet and outlet valves (120) are closed to stop the drainage. After the buoyancy tank assembly (11) floats to the surface, the first engineering vessel (5) is used to float the buoyancy tank assembly (11) and ballast counterweight (12) to the shore and empty the air in the buoyancy tank assembly (11).

3. A self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The buoyancy tank assembly (11) includes an intermediate tank (111) and a plurality of side tanks (112) surrounding and fixed to the outer periphery of the intermediate tank (111). The intermediate tank (111) and the plurality of side tanks (112) are interconnected by a venting pipe (13) and a liquid pipe (14). The ballast counterweight (12) includes an intermediate counterweight block (121) connected to the bottom of the intermediate tank (111), and a plurality of side counterweight blocks (122) surrounding and fixed to the outer periphery of the intermediate counterweight block (121), the plurality of side counterweight blocks (122) being connected to the bottom of the plurality of side tanks (112).

4. The self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The intermediate tank (111) and the side tank (112) each include an upper tank (113) and a lower skirt (114) connected to each other. The upper tank (113) is a hollow sealed tank, and the lower skirt (114) is a hollow tubular structure that runs through the top and bottom. The lower skirt (114) is located at the bottom of the upper tank (113) and is fixedly connected to each other. The intermediate counterweight (121) is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt (114) of the intermediate tank (111) and forms a first water tank (115) with each other. The side counterweight (122) is fixed to the bottom of the lower skirt (114) of the side tank (112) and forms a second water tank (116) with each other. The side counterweight (122) has a drainage and silt flushing channel (123) with the top opening of the drainage and silt flushing channel (123) connected to the second water tank (116).

5. The self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The intermediate counterweight (121) and the multiple side counterweights (122) are all cylindrical structures. The drainage and silt flushing channel (123) includes a first drainage channel (127) located in the middle of the side counterweight (122) and extending vertically, and multiple second drainage channels located on the outer periphery of the first drainage channel (127). Each of the second inlet and outlet channels includes a vertical channel (128) that runs vertically through the side counterweight (122), and a horizontal channel (129) that connects to the vertical channel (128) and extends toward the side wall of the side counterweight (122).

6. The self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The upper tank (113) of the intermediate tank (111) and the upper tank (113) of the side tank (112) are both provided with inlet and outlet ports (133). The ventilation pipe (13) includes an annular ventilation pipe (131) fixed to the top of the upper tank (113) of the intermediate tank (111). The annular ventilation pipe (131) is connected to the inlet and outlet ports (133) of multiple upper tanks (113) through branch air pipes (132). The liquid pipeline (14) includes multiple water inlet pipelines (141) connecting the upper tank (113) of the intermediate tank (111) and the upper tank (113) of each of the side tanks (112), and multiple water return pipelines (142) connecting the lower skirt seat (114) of the intermediate tank (111) and the lower skirt seat (114) of each of the side tanks (112).

7. The self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The upper tank (113) of the intermediate tank (111) is provided with a first inlet and outlet, and the lower skirt (114) of the intermediate tank (111) is provided with a second inlet and outlet. The liquid pipeline (14) also includes a first inlet and outlet pipeline (143) connected to the first inlet and outlet, and a second inlet and outlet pipeline (144) connected to the second inlet and outlet. The inlet and outlet valve (120) is connected between the first inlet and outlet pipe (143) and the second inlet and outlet pipe (144). The inlet and outlet valve (120) is an electrically controlled valve or a pneumatically controlled valve.

8. The self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The control valve platform (15) includes a first control valve (151) or a first controller for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves (120), and a filling and discharging pipeline (156) connected to the annular vent pipe (131) for controlling the intake or exhaust of multiple upper tanks (113). The gas filling and discharging pipeline (156) is provided with a second control valve (152) for filling the multiple upper tanks with gas, an exhaust valve (155) connected to the gas filling and discharging pipeline (156) for discharging the gas in each of the upper tanks (113), and a third control valve (153) and a back pressure valve (154) connected to the gas filling and discharging pipeline (156) for controlling the gas pressure in each of the upper tanks (113).

9. The self-floating pressure carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the intermediate counterweight (121) is provided with a crossbeam (124) connecting multiple side counterweights (122). The intermediate counterweight (121), the crossbeam (124) and the side counterweights (122) are integrally cast reinforced concrete structures. The top of the intermediate counterweight (121) and the multiple side counterweights (122) are all pre-embedded with flange seats (126). The intermediate counterweight (121) is detachably connected to the intermediate tank (111) through the flange seats (126), and the side counterweights (122) are detachably connected to the side tanks (112) through the flange seats (126).

10. A self-floating ballast carrier sinking and floating construction method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: A command engineering vessel (9) is set up around the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10), and an underwater camera is installed on the command engineering vessel (9) to observe the sinking and surfacing of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10). The command engineering vessel (9) is equipped with a winch that drives the underwater camera to rise and fall. The winch controls the underwater camera to rise and fall synchronously with the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10). The personnel on the command engineering vessel (9) observe the attitude and position height information of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10) using the underwater camera; Based on the attitude and positional height information of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10), the system directs and controls the inflation and deflation, water intake and drainage, and attitude adjustment of the self-floating underwater pressure vessel (10).

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