Sound absorption device and railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway vehicles, and provides a sound absorption device and a railway vehicle, and the sound absorption device comprises a panel which is provided with a first sound absorption hole; the edge of the back plate is connected with the edge of the panel, the cavity is defined by the back plate and the panel, the cavity is communicated with the first sound absorption hole, the back plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is communicated with the cavity; and the flushing mechanism is communicated with the through hole. When the sound absorption plate is applied to the equipment compartment of the railway vehicle, the panel faces the track, the back plate faces the carriage, sound absorption is generated, noise sources on the surface of a vehicle body are reduced, passing noise outside the vehicle and noise inside the vehicle are reduced, and noise radiation between the equipment compartment of the railway vehicle and the track can be effectively reduced. And by arranging the flushing mechanism, dust removal maintenance can be conducted on the sound absorption device regularly, the situation that the sound absorption effect is affected due to dust accumulation and blockage of the first sound absorption hole and the cavity is avoided, and long-term stable operation of the sound absorption device is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicles, and provides a sound-absorbing device and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The technological development trend of high-speed trains is towards higher speeds and lower noise levels. Increased speed leads to increased noise sources, resulting in increased external and internal noise, impacting the environment along the route and passenger comfort. Controlling noise sources at their origin is an effective way to reduce external and internal noise. High-speed trains often incorporate significant work on nose shape and surface smoothing to reduce the energy of aerodynamic noise sources on the train body surface. Given the already good level of surface smoothing in existing high-speed trains, further reductions in surface noise require the consideration of new noise reduction technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a sound-absorbing device and a rail vehicle to address one of the shortcomings of related technologies. When applied to the equipment compartment of a rail vehicle, the panel faces the track and the back panel faces the carriage, generating sound absorption and reducing noise sources on the vehicle body surface. This reduces external noise and internal noise, effectively reducing noise radiation between the rail vehicle's equipment compartment and the track. The washing mechanism allows for regular cleaning and maintenance of the sound-absorbing device, preventing the first sound-absorbing hole and cavity from being blocked by accumulated dust, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the sound-absorbing device.

[0004] This invention provides a sound-absorbing device, comprising: A panel, wherein the panel is provided with a first sound-absorbing hole; The back panel has its edge connected to the edge of the front panel and forms a cavity. The cavity is connected to the first sound-absorbing hole. The back panel has a through hole that is connected to the cavity. A rinsing mechanism, which is connected to the through hole.

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: At least one intermediate plate is disposed between the front panel and the back panel, and divides the cavity into multiple layers along the direction from the front panel to the back panel. The intermediate plate is provided with a second sound-absorbing hole.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate plate is provided with a low-frequency sound-absorbing zone and a high-frequency sound-absorbing zone, and the aperture of the second sound-absorbing hole located in the low-frequency sound-absorbing zone is larger than the aperture of the second sound-absorbing hole located in the high-frequency sound-absorbing zone.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the panel and the edge of the back panel are connected by a sealing plate, and the sealing plate is provided with a drain hole communicating with the cavity.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the discharge holes are distributed in multiple layers, and the multiple layers of discharge holes are connected to the multiple interlayers in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first sound-absorbing holes are evenly distributed on the panel, and the diameter of each first sound-absorbing hole is the same.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rinsing mechanism includes: A gas supply component, said gas supply component being adapted to provide high-pressure gas; The pipeline has one end connected to the gas supply component and the other end detachably connected to the through hole.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sound absorption frequency of the sound-absorbing device is between 100Hz and 5000Hz.

[0012] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, including the sound-absorbing device as described above, wherein the sound-absorbing device is disposed at one or more of the equipment compartment skirt, the equipment compartment floor, the lower panel of the vehicle body floor, and the end wall between the inner and outer windshields.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the washing mechanism is fixed to the crossbeam of the vehicle body chassis by a hanger.

[0014] The sound-absorbing device of the present invention mainly consists of a panel, a back panel, and a flushing mechanism. The edge of the back panel is fixedly connected to the edge of the panel, and there is a certain height difference between the back panel and the panel. After the edges are connected, a cavity is formed. The panel is provided with a first sound-absorbing hole, which is connected to the cavity to allow sound waves to enter the cavity inside the structure. The back panel is also provided with a through hole, which is connected to the cavity. The flushing mechanism is connected to the through hole on the back panel and can be connected to high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas can enter the cavity through the through hole and then be discharged through the first sound-absorbing hole, thereby blowing out dust and other debris in the cavity and the first sound-absorbing hole.

[0015] After sound waves enter the cavity through the first sound-absorbing hole, the air column inside the hole is forced to vibrate. The air inside the cavity acts as an elastic medium, and together with the sound wave, they form a mass-spring system. The kinetic energy of the vibration is converted into heat energy through viscous friction and thermal conduction, thus achieving sound absorption and noise reduction. When applied to the equipment compartment of rail vehicles, the panel faces the track and the back panel faces the car body, generating sound absorption and reducing noise sources on the car body surface. This reduces external noise and internal noise, effectively reducing noise radiation between the rail vehicle's equipment compartment and the track. The washing mechanism allows for regular cleaning and maintenance of the sound-absorbing device, preventing the first sound-absorbing hole and cavity from becoming clogged with dust, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the sound-absorbing device. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound-absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate plate of the sound-absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the panel structure of the sound-absorbing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the rail vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the rail vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the rail vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: 100. Panel; 110. First sound-absorbing hole; 200. Back plate; 210. Through hole; 300. Flushing mechanism; 310. Air supply components; 320. Piping; 330. Hanger; 400, middle plate; 410, second sound-absorbing hole; 500. Cavity; 510. Interlayer; 600, sealing plate; 610, drain hole; 710. Equipment compartment skirt; 720. Equipment compartment floor; 730. Vehicle body floor; 740. End wall; 750. Crossbeam; 800. Sound-absorbing device. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sound-absorbing device 800, including a panel 100, a back plate 200, and a rinsing mechanism 300. The panel 100 is provided with a first sound-absorbing hole 110; the edge of the back plate 200 is connected to the edge of the panel 100 and forms a cavity 500, which is connected to the first sound-absorbing hole 110; the back plate 200 is provided with a through hole 210, which is connected to the cavity 500; the rinsing mechanism 300 is connected to the through hole 210.

[0026] The sound-absorbing device 800 of this invention mainly consists of a panel 100, a back plate 200, and a rinsing mechanism 300. The edge of the back plate 200 is fixedly connected to the edge of the panel 100, and there is a certain height difference between the back plate 200 and the panel 100. After the edges are connected, a cavity 500 is formed. The panel 100 is provided with a first sound-absorbing hole 110, which is connected to the cavity 500 and is used to allow sound waves to enter the cavity 500 inside the structure. The back plate 200 is also provided with a through hole 210, which is connected to the cavity 500. The rinsing mechanism 300 is connected to the through hole 210 on the back plate 200 and can be connected to high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas can enter the cavity 500 through the through hole 210 and then be discharged through the first sound-absorbing hole 110, thereby blowing out dust and other debris in the cavity 500 and the first sound-absorbing hole 110.

[0027] After sound waves enter the cavity 500 through the first sound-absorbing hole 110, the air column inside the first sound-absorbing hole 110 is forced to vibrate. The air inside the cavity 500 acts as an elastic medium, and together the two form a mass-spring system. The vibration kinetic energy is converted into heat energy through viscous friction and thermal conduction, thereby achieving sound absorption and noise reduction. When applied to the equipment compartment of a rail vehicle, the panel 100 faces the track and the back panel 200 faces the car body, generating sound absorption and reducing noise sources on the vehicle body surface, thereby reducing external and internal noise, and effectively reducing noise radiation between the rail vehicle equipment compartment and the track. The washing mechanism 300 allows for regular cleaning and maintenance of the sound-absorbing device 800, preventing the first sound-absorbing hole 110 and the cavity 500 from being blocked by dust, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the sound-absorbing device 800.

[0028] When the sound-absorbing device 800 is applied to the skirt panel 710 and floor panel 720 of the equipment compartment of a rail vehicle, the dust removal and maintenance can be carried out by the flushing mechanism 300 in conjunction with the daily maintenance of the train set, which can prevent the blockage of the first sound-absorbing hole 110 on the panel 100. Moreover, the perforated structure formed by the panel 100 with the first sound-absorbing hole 110 also serves the function of ventilation and heat dissipation of the equipment compartment. Alternatively, the through hole 210 can be provided only on the back panel 200, and the flushing mechanism 300 can be connected separately when needed.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sound-absorbing device 800 further includes at least one intermediate plate 400, which is disposed between the front panel 100 and the back panel 200 and divides the cavity 500 into a plurality of interlayers 510 along the direction from the front panel 100 to the back panel 200. The intermediate plate 400 is provided with a second sound-absorbing hole 410.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sound-absorbing device 800 mainly consists of a panel 100, a back plate 200, at least one intermediate plate 400, and a flushing mechanism 300. The intermediate plates 400 are all disposed between the panel 100 and the back plate 200, i.e., the intermediate plates 400 are located within the cavity 500, and the edges of the intermediate plates 400 are fixedly connected to the edges of the panel 100 and the back plate 200, forming a layered structure of the panel 100, intermediate plates 400, and back plate 200. This divides the cavity 500 enclosed by the panel 100 and the back plate 200 into multiple interlayers 510 along the direction from the panel 100 to the back plate 200. The first interlayer is between the panel 100 and the intermediate plate 400, and the second interlayer is between the intermediate plate 400 and the back plate 200. If there are multiple intermediate plates 400, they are also layered within the cavity 500, and the third interlayer is between adjacent intermediate plates 400. The intermediate plate 400 is provided with a second sound-absorbing hole 410, which is connected to each interlayer 510. Sound waves can enter different interlayers 510 through the first sound-absorbing hole 110 of the panel 100 and the second sound-absorbing hole 410 of each intermediate plate 400 in sequence.

[0031] The sound-absorbing device 800 can be designed as a two-layer or multi-layer sound-absorbing device 800 according to the required sound absorption bandwidth. The design of multiple layers 510 and multiple sets of sound-absorbing holes allows the sound-absorbing device 800 to be approximated as a parallel combination of multiple Helmholtz resonators, which can significantly improve sound absorption performance, broaden the sound absorption bandwidth, and further increase sound absorption performance to meet the noise reduction requirements of complex noise sources in rail vehicles. The number of intermediate plates 400 can be flexibly set according to actual noise reduction requirements, thereby adjusting the number of layers 510 to adapt to the noise reduction requirements of different frequency noises, thus broadening its application range.

[0032] The intermediate plate 400 is also made of metal, and its thickness and material match those of the front panel 100 and the back panel 200 to ensure consistent mechanical properties of the entire sound absorption device 800. The aperture and arrangement of the second sound-absorbing hole 410 can be designed individually according to its location in the interlayer 510 and the noise reduction target, complementing the first sound-absorbing hole 110, thereby achieving precise absorption of noise at different frequencies.

[0033] The multi-layer sandwich structure 510 design breaks through the limitation of single-layer cavity 500 sound-absorbing devices 800, which can only absorb noise at specific frequencies. Multiple parallel Helmholtz resonators can cover a wider frequency range, meeting the noise reduction needs of complex noise sources in rail vehicles. The noise generated during rail vehicle operation, including wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise, and equipment noise, has a wide frequency distribution, making it difficult for single-layer sound-absorbing devices 800 to achieve comprehensive noise reduction. However, the multi-layer sound-absorbing device 800, through the combination design of different sandwich layers 510 and sound-absorbing holes, can efficiently absorb noise at different frequencies, significantly broadening the sound absorption bandwidth and improving the overall noise reduction effect.

[0034] The inclusion of the intermediate plate 400 not only enhances sound absorption performance but also strengthens the overall strength and rigidity of the sound absorption device 800. The multi-layered metal plate structure better withstands the loads inside the equipment compartment and vibrations during operation, reducing structural deformation and ensuring the stability of the sound absorption device 800 during long-term use.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate plate 400 is provided with a low-frequency sound absorption zone and a high-frequency sound absorption zone, and the aperture of the second sound absorption hole 410 located in the low-frequency sound absorption zone is larger than the aperture of the second sound absorption hole 410 located in the high-frequency sound absorption zone.

[0036] In this embodiment, the structure of the intermediate plate 400 is optimized. The intermediate plate 400 is divided into a low-frequency sound absorption zone and a high-frequency sound absorption zone. The diameter of the second sound absorption hole 410 located in the low-frequency sound absorption zone is larger than that of the second sound absorption hole 410 located in the high-frequency sound absorption zone. The spacing between the second sound absorption holes 410 in the low-frequency sound absorption zone is larger, while the spacing between the second sound absorption holes 410 in the high-frequency sound absorption zone is smaller.

[0037] Due to the complex operating conditions of rail vehicles, their noise sources exhibit frequency characteristics with a large bandwidth. In order to meet the noise reduction requirements within the sound absorption bandwidth, the aperture and arrangement pattern of the second sound-absorbing holes 410 of the middle panel 100 are creatively designed to be multiple. The second sound-absorbing holes 410 with different apertures and arrangement gaps correspond to different natural frequencies. The low-frequency sound absorption zone composed of the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with large apertures and large gaps can match the noise reduction requirements of low-frequency noise, while the high-frequency sound absorption zone composed of the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with small apertures and small gaps can match the noise reduction requirements of high-frequency noise, thereby achieving effective absorption of wide-band noise.

[0038] The sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorber reaches its maximum value at its natural frequency, thereby enabling the sound absorption device 800 to meet the requirement of a large sound absorption bandwidth. In the arrangement of the present invention, the area of ​​the second sound absorption holes 410 with larger gaps meets the low-frequency sound absorption requirement, while the area of ​​the second sound absorption holes 410 with smaller apertures and smaller gaps meets the high-frequency sound absorption requirement. Combined with the adjustment of the thickness of the interlayer 510, the sound absorption frequency of the sound absorption device 800 can cover 100-5000Hz, which is fully compatible with the complex frequency noise generated during the operation of rail vehicles.

[0039] In this embodiment, there are four sound-absorbing zones of different frequencies on the second sound-absorbing holes 410 of the intermediate plate 400. The first zone is formed by the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with larger apertures and smaller gaps; the second zone is formed by the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with smaller apertures and smaller gaps; the third zone is formed by the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with larger apertures and larger gaps; and the fourth zone is formed by the second sound-absorbing holes 410 with smaller apertures and larger gaps. These four zones can respectively form sound-absorbing areas of different frequencies, covering the noise absorption requirements of different frequencies.

[0040] The zoned design allows different areas of the middle plate 400 to specifically absorb noise of different frequencies, avoiding the problem of low absorption efficiency for certain frequencies caused by a single aperture design. After sound waves enter the corresponding sound-absorbing zone, they can resonate with the resonator in that zone, maximizing the conversion of sound energy into heat energy, improving sound absorption efficiency, and reducing noise energy radiation.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the panel 100 and the edge of the back panel 200 are connected by a sealing plate 600, and the sealing plate 600 is provided with a drain hole 610 communicating with the cavity 500.

[0042] In this embodiment, the edge of the panel 100 and the edge of the back panel 200 are fixedly connected by a sealing plate 600. That is, the sealing plate 600 closes the side portion between the panel 100 and the back panel 200, and the sealing plate 600, the panel 100, and the back panel 200 together form a cavity 500. The sealing plate 600 is provided with a drain hole 610, which is connected to the cavity 500 and is used to drain rainwater and other debris that enter the cavity 500.

[0043] The sealing plate 600 enhances the integrity and sealing of the sound-absorbing device 800, preventing sound waves from leaking from the edges of the panel 100 and back plate 200, thus ensuring sound absorption. The drain hole 610 allows rainwater entering the sound-absorbing device 800 to drain promptly, preventing water accumulation in the cavity 500, avoiding moisture damage to internal components, and extending the service life of the sound-absorbing device 800. When the flushing mechanism 300 operates, the dust blocking the second sound-absorbing hole 410 of the intermediate plate 400 is flushed off and discharged into the cavity 500 through the drain hole 610. The sealing plate 600 tightly connects the various layers of panels, enhancing the overall rigidity of the sound-absorbing device 800, enabling it to better resist vibration and impact during rail vehicle operation, reducing structural deformation and loosening, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the sound-absorbing device 800.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the discharge holes 610 are distributed in multiple layers, and the multiple discharge holes 610 are connected to the multiple interlayers 510 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0045] In this embodiment, the drainage holes 610 on the sealing plate 600 are optimized. The drainage holes 610 are distributed in multiple layers on the sealing plate 600, and the multiple drainage holes 610 are connected to multiple interlayers 510 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each interlayer 510 can discharge rainwater and other debris through its corresponding drainage hole 610.

[0046] The one-to-one correspondence between the multi-layer drainage holes 610 and the interlayer 510 ensures that rainwater in each interlayer 510 can be drained quickly, avoiding the decline in sound absorption performance due to water accumulation in the interlayer 510. At the same time, it further reduces the risk of rainwater erosion to the internal structure and improves the applicability of the sound absorption device 800 in humid environments, making it especially suitable for the outdoor operation of rail vehicles.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first sound-absorbing holes 110 are evenly distributed on the panel 100, and the diameter of each first sound-absorbing hole 110 is the same.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first sound-absorbing holes 110 of the panel 100 are optimized. Multiple first sound-absorbing holes 110 are evenly distributed on the panel 100, and the aperture of each first sound-absorbing hole 110 is the same. The uniform distribution and consistent aperture of the first sound-absorbing holes 110 can make the sound absorption performance of the panel 100 uniform and stable, avoiding the situation where the local sound absorption effect is too strong or too weak, and ensuring the uniform absorption of incident sound waves by the sound absorption device 800.

[0049] The standardized perforation design facilitates the processing and manufacturing of panel 100, reducing production difficulty and cost, while also making panel 100 look cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing, meeting the design requirements for a smooth and aesthetically pleasing surface on the rail vehicle body. The aperture and arrangement of the sound-absorbing holes in panel 100 are designed based on the peak frequency of the noise source energy under the vehicle, ensuring sound absorption efficiency while also meeting the aesthetic requirements of the exposed surface of the structure.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flushing mechanism 300 includes an air supply component 310 and a pipeline 320. The air supply component 310 is adapted to provide high-pressure gas. One end of the pipeline 320 is connected to the air supply component 310, and the other end is detachably connected to the through hole 210.

[0051] In this embodiment, the rinsing mechanism 300 mainly consists of an air supply component 310 and a pipeline 320. The back plate 200 of the sound-absorbing device 800 is equipped with a pneumatic rinsing mechanism 300, which is used for dust removal and maintenance in conjunction with the daily inspection of the EMU. The air supply component 310 is suitable for providing high-pressure gas as the aerodynamic source for dust removal. One end of the pipeline 320 is connected to the air supply component 310, and the other end is detachably connected to the through hole 210 on the back plate 200. When dust removal is required, the pipeline 320 is connected to the through hole 210, and the pipeline 320 can be disassembled after dust removal is completed.

[0052] The detachable pipe connection 320 allows for dust removal and maintenance during routine train maintenance, eliminating the need for significant additional time and offering convenient and efficient operation. The high-pressure gas supplied by the air supply component 310 quickly removes accumulated dust from the cavity 500 and sound-absorbing holes, resulting in excellent dust removal and effectively restoring the sound absorption performance of the sound-absorbing device 800, thus extending the structure's maintenance cycle.

[0053] Pipe 320 is made of flexible materials, such as rubber or nylon tubing, making it easy to bend and connect. Pipe 320 is connected to through hole 210 using a quick-connect coupling. During cleaning operations, workers simply insert the quick-connect coupling into through hole 210 to complete the connection. After cleaning, pipe 320 can be quickly disassembled, making the operation convenient and efficient.

[0054] In practical applications, the washing mechanism 300 is used in conjunction with the daily maintenance of the EMU (Electric Multiple Unit). After the EMU has been running for a period of time, it will enter the maintenance depot for comprehensive maintenance. At this time, the staff can connect the pipe 320 of the washing mechanism 300 to the through hole 210 of the back plate 200 of the sound-absorbing device 800, turn on the air supply component 310, and high-pressure gas will enter the cavity 500 through the pipe 320, discharging the accumulated dust through the sound-absorbing holes of the panel 100 or the drain hole 610 of the sealing plate 600. After the dust removal is completed, the pipe 320 can be disassembled without affecting the normal use of the sound-absorbing device 800.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sound absorption frequency of the sound absorption device 800 is between 100Hz and 5000Hz.

[0056] The design of the sound absorption frequency range is based on the frequency characteristics of the main noise sources of rail vehicles. The noise generated during the operation of rail vehicles is mainly distributed between 100-5000Hz, including wheel-rail noise (100-2000Hz), aerodynamic noise (500-5000Hz), and equipment noise (200-3000Hz).

[0057] In this embodiment, the sound absorption frequency range of the sound absorption device 800 is defined, with the sound absorption frequency between 100Hz and 5000Hz. This sound absorption frequency range is achieved by adjusting the aperture and arrangement of the first sound absorption hole 110 of the panel 100 and the second sound absorption hole 410 of the intermediate plate 400, as well as the thickness of each interlayer 510. Specifically, the first sound absorption hole 110 of the panel 100 is designed according to the peak frequency of the noise source energy under the vehicle. The intermediate plate 400 is divided into a low-frequency sound absorption zone and a high-frequency sound absorption zone. Different apertures and arrangements of the second sound absorption holes 410 are used to match different frequency bands of noise. At the same time, the thickness of the interlayer 510 is adjusted to ultimately achieve a wide frequency range of 100-5000Hz sound absorption coverage.

[0058] The sound absorption frequency range of 100-5000Hz completely covers the main noise frequency bands generated during the operation of high-speed trains. It can effectively absorb various noise sources such as noise between the equipment compartment and the track, and aerodynamic noise, and significantly reduce the radiation energy of external noise to the railway line and the train. This not only improves the environmental noise pollution along the line, but also enhances the passenger comfort.

[0059] The thickness of the interlayer 510 can also directly affect the natural frequency of the sound-absorbing device 800; the greater the thickness, the lower the natural frequency. In this embodiment, the frequency response characteristics of the sound-absorbing device 800 can be further optimized by adjusting the thickness of each interlayer 510, i.e., the vertical distance between the intermediate plates 400, between the intermediate plate 400 and the front panel 100, or between the intermediate plate 400 and the back panel 200, in conjunction with the parameters of the sound-absorbing holes. For example, increasing the thickness of the interlayer 510 corresponding to the low-frequency sound-absorbing area lowers its natural frequency and enhances the absorption of low-frequency noise; decreasing the thickness of the interlayer 510 corresponding to the high-frequency sound-absorbing area raises its natural frequency and enhances the absorption of high-frequency noise.

[0060] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a rail vehicle, including a sound-absorbing device 800 as described in the above embodiment. The sound-absorbing device 800 is disposed at one or more of the following locations: the equipment compartment skirt 710, the equipment compartment floor 720, the lower panel 100 of the vehicle body floor 730, and the end wall 740 between the inner and outer windshields.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, a sound-absorbing device 800 is added to the body of the rail vehicle. The sound-absorbing device 800 can be selectively disposed at one or more of the following locations: the equipment compartment skirt 710, the equipment compartment floor 720, the lower panel 100 of the body floor 730, and the end wall 740 between the inner and outer windshields. When the sound-absorbing device 800 is disposed on the equipment compartment skirt 710 and the equipment compartment floor 720, it can directly absorb noise between the equipment compartment and the track; when disposed on the lower panel 100 of the body floor 730, it can absorb noise transmitted from under the vehicle into the vehicle; when disposed on the end wall 740 between the inner and outer windshields, it can absorb noise transmitted from outside the vehicle into the windshield.

[0062] The multi-scenario application of the sound-absorbing device 800 achieves comprehensive noise reduction in key noise-radiating parts of rail vehicles, reducing noise from both the source and the propagation path, resulting in significant noise reduction effects. The sound-absorbing device 800 also functions as a ventilation and heat dissipation unit; its sound-absorbing holes can serve as ventilation channels, providing a heat dissipation path for equipment within the equipment compartment, eliminating the need for additional ventilation openings and simplifying the vehicle's structural design.

[0063] This invention addresses external noise control in high-speed trains. By installing sound-absorbing devices 800 on the equipment compartment skirt 710, equipment compartment floor 720, car body floor 730, and the inner end wall 740 of the vehicle windshield, these devices absorb noise between the equipment compartment surface and the track, as well as other external noise. This reduces the energy radiated from external noise to the railway line and inside the train, effectively lowering both external and internal noise levels. Different types of rail vehicles have varying noise source frequency characteristics. By adjusting the parameters of the sound-absorbing devices 800, the noise characteristics of different vehicle types can be precisely matched. For example, high-speed trains, intercity trains, and subways can all achieve optimal noise reduction through optimized parameter design, making this invention widely applicable.

[0064] The equipment compartment is one of the main areas of noise radiation in rail vehicles. The operation of motors, compressors, and other equipment inside the compartment generates significant noise, while wheel-rail noise also radiates upwards through the bottom of the compartment. Using sound-absorbing devices 800 as the equipment compartment skirt 710 and floor 720 directly absorbs equipment noise and wheel-rail noise from inside the compartment, preventing noise radiation outwards. The perforated design of the sound-absorbing device 800 also provides ventilation and heat dissipation channels for the equipment inside the compartment, eliminating the need for additional ventilation openings and simplifying the structural design of the equipment compartment.

[0065] The vehicle floor 730 is the main path for noise from under the vehicle to enter the vehicle interior. Wheel and rail noise and equipment noise from under the vehicle will enter the vehicle interior through the floor, affecting passenger comfort. Installing a sound-absorbing device 800 on the lower panel 100 of the vehicle floor 730 can absorb and attenuate noise before it enters the vehicle interior, effectively blocking the noise propagation path and reducing the noise level inside the vehicle.

[0066] The inner and outer windshields are weak points in rail vehicles, and aerodynamic and environmental noise from outside can easily enter the vehicle through the gaps in the windshields. Installing a sound-absorbing device 800 on the end wall 740 between the inner and outer windshields can absorb noise transmitted from outside the vehicle into the windshield, further blocking noise transmission and improving the quietness inside the vehicle.

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the washing mechanism 300 is fixed to the crossbeam 750 of the vehicle body underframe by a hanger 330.

[0068] In this embodiment, the flushing mechanism 300 is fixed to the crossbeam 750 of the car body underframe via a hanger 330. The pipe 320 of the flushing mechanism 300 is connected to the through hole 210 on the back plate 200 of the sound-absorbing device 800. The hanger 330 ensures the connection strength between the flushing mechanism 300 and the car body underframe, adapts to the vibration conditions during rail vehicle operation, and prevents the flushing mechanism 300 from falling off due to vibration. In all installation scenarios, the sound-absorbing device 800 is fixed using a connection method adapted to the car body structure, such as bolt connection or welding, to ensure a firm and reliable connection that can adapt to the vibration and aerodynamic loads during high-speed rail vehicle operation.

[0069] The flushing mechanism 300 is fixed to the crossbeam 750 of the car body underframe. Its layout is reasonable, does not occupy the internal space of the equipment compartment, and does not affect the installation and operation of other equipment in the equipment compartment. Combined with the daily maintenance process of the EMU, the pipeline 320 can be easily connected for dust removal operations. The maintenance operation is simple, reducing the labor maintenance cost, while ensuring that the sound absorption device 800 is always in good working condition.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sound-absorbing device, characterized in that, include: Panel (100), wherein the panel (100) is provided with a first sound-absorbing hole (110); A back panel (200) has its edge connected to the edge of the front panel (100) and encloses a cavity (500). The cavity (500) is connected to the first sound-absorbing hole (110). The back panel (200) has a through hole (210) that is connected to the cavity (500). A rinsing mechanism (300) is connected to the through hole (210).

2. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one intermediate plate (400) is disposed between the front panel (100) and the back panel (200) and divides the cavity (500) into multiple layers (510) along the direction from the front panel (100) to the back panel (200). The intermediate plate (400) is provided with a second sound-absorbing hole (410).

3. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intermediate plate (400) is provided with a low-frequency sound absorption zone and a high-frequency sound absorption zone. The diameter of the second sound absorption hole (410) located in the low-frequency sound absorption zone is larger than the diameter of the second sound absorption hole (410) located in the high-frequency sound absorption zone.

4. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The edge of the panel (100) is connected to the edge of the back plate (200) by a sealing plate (600), and the sealing plate (600) is provided with a drain hole (610) communicating with the cavity (500).

5. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drain holes (610) are distributed in multiple layers, and the multiple drain holes (610) are connected to the multiple interlayers (510) in a one-to-one correspondence.

6. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first sound-absorbing holes (110) are evenly distributed on the panel (100), and the diameter of each first sound-absorbing hole (110) is the same.

7. The sound-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rinsing mechanism (300) includes: Gas supply component (310), said gas supply component (310) being adapted to supply high-pressure gas; Pipeline (320), one end of which is connected to the gas supply component (310), and the other end is detachably connected to the through hole (210).

8. The sound-absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The sound absorption frequency of the sound-absorbing device is between 100Hz and 5000Hz.

9. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, The sound-absorbing device (800) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is disposed at one or more of the following locations: the equipment compartment skirt (710), the equipment compartment floor (720), the lower panel (100) of the vehicle body floor (730), and the end wall (740) between the inner and outer windshields.

10. The rail vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The washing mechanism (300) is fixed to the crossbeam (750) of the vehicle body underframe by a hanger (330).

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