An early warning system for indwelling urinary catheter obstruction based on impedance spectrum analysis

Abstract

This invention discloses an indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis. Because the impedance measurement module directly applies multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine, and the dielectric properties of different materials vary with frequency, the system can capture early electrical characteristics of microscopic compositional changes, thus achieving early detection of the obstruction formation process. The spectrum analysis module generates a continuous impedance spectrum. By extracting features from the spectrum and comparing it with a reference model reflecting the normal state, individual differences and transient interference are filtered out, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the early warning. The entire process is automatically completed by electrode measurement, spectrum analysis, and intelligent judgment, thus realizing a shift from passively observing obstruction to actively warning of risks. This solves the technical problem that relying on medical staff to periodically observe urine flow or use simple fluid level alarms cannot provide early warning in the early stages of obstruction, especially obstruction caused by the slow formation of biofilms or crystals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical system technology, specifically to an indwelling urinary catheter blockage early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis. Background Technology

[0002] Indwelling urinary catheter blockage is a common problem caused by the physical obstruction of normal urine drainage. This is usually caused by several factors: first, minerals in the urine precipitate out, forming crystals or crusts within the lumen; second, active bleeding in the bladder or the shedding of tissue debris forms blood clots or debris that block the catheter opening or tubing; third, bacteria adhere to the inner and outer walls of the catheter and secrete mucus, forming a viscous "biofilm." This biofilm thickens and traps other impurities, gradually narrowing the lumen. Improper care, such as pressure on the catheter, twisting, or placing the drainage bag too high, can also impede urine drainage, accelerating the accumulation of deposits and eventually leading to complete blockage. However, current methods rely on regular monitoring of urine flow by healthcare professionals or the use of simple fluid level alarms, which cannot provide early warning of blockage, especially when it is caused by the slow formation of biofilms or crystals. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis, in order to solve the technical problem that relying on medical staff to regularly observe urine flow or using simple liquid level alarms cannot provide early warning in the early stages of obstruction, especially obstruction caused by the slow formation of biofilms or crystals.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: An indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis includes: The catheter body has an internal drainage cavity; The impedance measurement module includes at least one pair of measuring electrodes disposed on the inner surface of the drainage cavity, for applying multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine in the cavity and detecting the response signals; The spectrum analysis module is used to receive the response signal, process it, and generate an impedance spectrum within a preset frequency range; The early warning module extracts at least one feature parameter based on the impedance spectrum and compares the feature parameter with a reference model. When the comparison result meets the preset conditions, it generates an early warning signal indicating an increased risk of blockage in the drainage cavity.

[0005] A further technical solution is that the impedance measurement module includes: The excitation unit is used to generate an AC excitation signal of a preset frequency; An electrode unit comprises at least one pair of electrodes fixed to the inner surface of a drainage cavity, used to apply the excitation signal to a urine medium; The acquisition unit is used to detect the response electrical signal generated on the electrode unit due to impedance change; The calculation unit is used to calculate and output the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the excitation signal and the response electrical signal.

[0006] A further technical solution is that the specific calculation steps of the calculation unit include: Step S11: Synchronously sample the excitation signal and the response electrical signal to obtain the corresponding digital sequence; Step S12: Perform phase-sensitive detection on the digital sequence and calculate the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the response signal relative to the excitation signal at each frequency point; Step S13: Calculate the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the amplitude ratio and phase difference.

[0007] A further technical solution is that step S13 specifically includes: Step S131: Calculate the real part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the cosine of the phase difference. Step S132: Calculate the imaginary part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the sine of the phase difference. Step S133: Combine the real part and the imaginary part into a complex number form corresponding to each frequency point; Step S134: Define the synthesized complex form as the original impedance value.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the spectrum analysis module includes: The preprocessing unit is used to receive the response signal, perform noise reduction and standardization preprocessing, and generate a time-domain signal; A frequency domain transformation unit is used to transform the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal; A spectrum extraction unit is used to extract spectral components within the preset frequency range from the frequency domain signal. The impedance calculation unit calculates the impedance value at each frequency point based on the spectral components and the corresponding excitation signal parameters. The spectrum generation and output unit is used to organize the impedance values ​​at each frequency point, generate continuous impedance spectrum data, and output it.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the spectrum extraction unit extraction steps include: Step 21: Obtain the boundary values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step 22: Based on the boundary value, identify all discrete spectral components falling within the range in the frequency domain signal; Step 23: Extract the frequency and amplitude information of the identified spectral components.

[0010] A further technical solution is that step 22 specifically includes: Step S221: Read the upper and lower boundary frequency values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step S222: Iterate through each discrete frequency point in the frequency domain signal and compare it with the upper and lower boundary frequency values. Step S223: Mark the discrete frequency points whose frequency values ​​fall within the boundary range as target spectral components; Step S224: Summarize the marked target spectral components and generate a corresponding frequency index list.

[0011] A further technical solution is that step S222 specifically includes: Step S2221: Set the current traversal position as the starting frequency point of the frequency domain signal; Step S2222: Determine whether the value of the current frequency point simultaneously satisfies the condition of being greater than or equal to the lower boundary value and less than or equal to the upper boundary value; Step S2223: Based on the comparison results, record whether the current frequency point belongs to the target range, and move the traversal position to the next frequency.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the early warning module includes: The feature extraction unit is used to calculate and extract at least one feature parameter representing the spectral shape from the impedance spectrum; The model invocation unit is used to obtain or invoke the pre-established reference model; The judgment unit is used to input the feature parameters into the reference model for calculation or comparison, and to judge whether its output result meets the preset conditions related to the blockage risk. The warning signal generation unit is used to generate and output a warning signal indicating an increased risk of blockage in the drainage cavity when the judgment result of the judgment unit is yes.

[0013] A further technical solution is that the judgment unit includes: A parameter input unit is used to receive feature parameters output by the feature extraction unit; The model application unit is used to input the feature parameters into the reference model, perform calculations, and obtain risk assessment values ​​or classification labels. The result comparison unit is used to compare the risk assessment value or classification label with a preset risk threshold or classification standard; The condition determination unit is used to determine whether the preset conditions for triggering an early warning are met based on the comparison results of the result comparison unit. The instruction generation unit is used to generate corresponding control instructions based on the determination result of the condition determination unit. The control instructions include triggering a warning signal or remaining silent.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Because the impedance measurement module directly applies multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine, and the dielectric properties of different substances vary with frequency, the system can capture early electrical characteristics of microscopic compositional changes, thus enabling early detection of the blockage formation process. The spectrum analysis module generates a continuous impedance spectrum. By extracting features from the spectrum and comparing it with a reference model reflecting the normal state, individual differences and transient interference are filtered out, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the warning. The entire process is automatically completed by electrode measurement, spectrum analysis, and intelligent judgment, thus realizing a shift from passively observing blockages to actively warning of risks. This solves the technical problem of relying on medical staff to regularly observe urine flow or use simple fluid level alarms, which cannot provide early warning in the early stages of blockage, especially blockages caused by the slow formation of biofilms or crystals. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the impedance measurement module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the spectrum analysis module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the early warning module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below, and the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] See Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides an indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis, comprising: a urinary catheter body having a drainage cavity inside; an impedance measurement module including at least one pair of measuring electrodes disposed on the inner surface of the drainage cavity for applying multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine in the cavity and detecting the response signal; a spectrum analysis module for receiving the response signal, processing and generating an impedance spectrum within a preset frequency range; and an early warning module for extracting at least one feature parameter based on the impedance spectrum and comparing the feature parameter with a reference model, and generating an early warning signal indicating an increased risk of drainage cavity obstruction when the comparison result meets preset conditions.

[0018] Specifically, the impedance measurement module continuously applies a set of AC excitation signals of a specific frequency to the urine through electrode pairs integrated into the inner surface of the drainage cavity. Because different substances in the urine, such as ions, biofilms, and crystals, have varying dielectric properties, they exert different levels of resistance to currents at different frequencies. This results in the detected response signal carrying information about the urine composition and the state of the lumen. This response signal is received by the spectrum analysis module and processed into a continuous impedance spectrum within a preset frequency range. The early warning module then extracts characteristic parameters that characterize the changing trend from this spectrum and compares them with a reference model in real time. Once the characteristic parameters deviate from the model and exceed a preset safety threshold, the system determines that the risk of blockage has increased and immediately generates an early warning signal, thus achieving early warning from changes in microscopic electrical properties to macroscopic blockage risk.

[0019] In this embodiment of the invention, because the impedance measurement module directly applies multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine, and the dielectric properties of different substances vary with frequency, the system can capture early electrical characteristics of microscopic compositional changes, thereby achieving early detection of the blockage formation process. The spectrum analysis module generates a continuous impedance spectrum, and by extracting features from the spectrum and comparing it with a reference model reflecting the normal state, individual differences and transient interference are filtered out, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the early warning. The entire process is automatically completed by electrode measurement, spectrum analysis, and intelligent judgment, thus realizing the transformation from passively observing blockages to actively warning of risks, thereby solving the technical problem that relying on medical staff to regularly observe urine flow or use simple liquid level alarms cannot provide early warning in the early stages of blockage, especially blockages caused by the slow formation of biofilms or crystals.

[0020] Preferably, the impedance measurement module includes: an excitation unit for generating an AC excitation signal of a preset frequency; an electrode unit comprising at least one pair of electrodes fixed to the inner surface of the drainage cavity for applying the excitation signal to the urine medium; an acquisition unit for detecting the response electrical signal generated on the electrode unit due to impedance changes; and a calculation unit for calculating and outputting the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the excitation signal and the response electrical signal.

[0021] Specifically, the excitation unit generates a set of AC excitation signals at preset frequencies. The electrode unit applies these multi-frequency signals to the urine medium in the drainage cavity. When the urine composition or the condition of the tube wall changes, such as the formation of biofilm or crystallization, its equivalent impedance characteristics change accordingly, causing a change in the current flowing through the medium. The acquisition unit detects the response electrical signal generated on the electrode unit due to this impedance change in real time. The calculation unit calculates the amplitude ratio and phase difference corresponding to each frequency by synchronously comparing the excitation signal at each frequency with the acquired response electrical signal, and finally calculates and outputs a set of original impedance value sequences, providing the core time-domain impedance data foundation for subsequent spectrum analysis.

[0022] Furthermore, the specific solution steps of the solution unit include: Step S11: Synchronously sample the excitation signal and the response electrical signal to obtain the corresponding digital sequence; Step S12: Perform phase-sensitive detection on the digital sequence and calculate the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the response signal relative to the excitation signal at each frequency point; Step S13: Calculate the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the amplitude ratio and phase difference.

[0023] Specifically, the excitation signal and the response electrical signal are sampled synchronously and converted into a time-aligned digital sequence, completing the conversion from analog to digital domain. Then, phase-sensitive detection is performed on the digital sequence, and through digital correlation or quadrature demodulation algorithms, the precise amplitude ratio and phase difference of the response signal relative to the excitation signal at each preset frequency point are extracted, forming the core information of the impedance amplitude and phase. According to the definition formula of impedance, the amplitude ratio obtained at each frequency point is converted into the impedance magnitude, and combined with the phase difference to synthesize the corresponding complex expression, thereby outputting a set of accurate and discrete original impedance values ​​at each frequency point.

[0024] Furthermore, step S13 specifically includes: Step S131: Calculate the real part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the cosine of the phase difference. Step S132: Calculate the imaginary part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the sine of the phase difference. Step S133: Combine the real and imaginary parts to form the complex number form corresponding to each frequency point; Step S134: Define the synthesized complex form as the original impedance value.

[0025] Specifically, this step, based on the fundamental definition of complex impedance, converts the measured amplitude and phase information into a standard complex number expression. Specifically: First, according to AC impedance theory, the real part (resistive component) of a complex impedance is proportional to the product of the impedance magnitude and the cosine of the phase angle. Therefore, step S131 calculates the real part reflecting energy loss by multiplying the measured amplitude ratio by the cosine of the phase difference. Second, the imaginary part (reactant component) of a complex impedance is proportional to the product of the impedance magnitude and the sine of the phase angle. Therefore, step S132 obtains the imaginary part reflecting energy storage characteristics by multiplying the amplitude ratio by the sine of the phase difference. Next, in step S133, the calculated real and imaginary parts are synthesized in complex algebraic form to form a complete complex impedance expression. Finally, in step S134, this complex expression is formally defined as the original impedance value required by the system, thus completing the physical conversion from measured parameters to standard impedance data.

[0026] Preferably, the spectrum analysis module includes: a preprocessing unit for receiving the response signal, performing noise reduction and standardization preprocessing, and generating a time-domain signal; a frequency domain transformation unit for transforming the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal; a spectrum extraction unit for extracting spectral components within a preset frequency range from the frequency-domain signal; an impedance calculation unit for calculating the impedance value at each frequency point based on the spectral components and the corresponding excitation signal parameters; and a spectrum generation and output unit for organizing the impedance values ​​at each frequency point, generating continuous impedance spectrum data, and outputting it.

[0027] Specifically, after the spectrum analysis module is activated, the preprocessing unit first receives the response electrical signal from the impedance measurement module. It then performs noise reduction and standardization preprocessing using filtering and gain adjustment to obtain a clean and amplitude-normalized time-domain signal. Subsequently, the frequency domain transformation unit uses a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to transform this time-domain signal from the time dimension to the frequency dimension, generating a frequency-domain signal containing the intensity and phase information of each frequency component. Next, the spectrum extraction unit, based on a pre-set frequency range optimized to account for the differences in dielectric properties between urine and common blockages, filters out discrete spectral components within this range from the aforementioned frequency-domain signal. The impedance calculation unit then uses complex number operations to calculate the impedance value at each frequency point based on these filtered spectral components and their corresponding known excitation signal parameters. Finally, the spectrum generation and output unit interpolates and fits the impedance values ​​at all frequency points in frequency order, organizing them into a complete and continuous impedance spectrum curve and outputting it. This transforms the original time-domain response signal into characteristic spectrum data that the early warning module can directly analyze.

[0028] Furthermore, the spectrum extraction unit extraction steps include: Step 21: Obtain the boundary values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step 22: Based on the boundary values, identify all discrete spectral components falling within the range in the frequency domain signal; Step 23: Extract the frequency and amplitude information of the identified spectral components.

[0029] Specifically, the upper and lower boundary values ​​of a preset frequency range are obtained. This range is optimized based on the typical dielectric relaxation frequency characteristics of biological tissues, urine, and common blockages. Based on these boundary values, the complete frequency domain signal output by the frequency domain transformation unit is scanned and filtered. Through numerical comparison, all discrete spectral components whose frequency coordinates fall within this boundary are accurately identified. The physical information of these identified target components, namely their corresponding precise frequency values ​​and complex amplitudes (including amplitude and phase), is separated and extracted from the massive spectral data. This provides a core spectral data set for the subsequent impedance calculation unit, ensuring that subsequent analysis is based on the frequency components most relevant to blockage detection, thereby improving the system's signal-to-noise ratio and computational efficiency.

[0030] Furthermore, step 22 specifically includes: Step S221: Read the upper and lower boundary frequency values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step S222: Iterate through each discrete frequency point in the frequency domain signal and compare it with the upper and lower boundary frequency values. Step S223: Mark the discrete frequency points whose frequency values ​​fall within the boundary range as target spectral components; Step S224: Summarize the marked target spectral components and generate the corresponding frequency index list.

[0031] Specifically, the preset upper and lower boundary frequency values ​​are read to establish the specific analysis frequency band most relevant to the dielectric properties of the blockage. A traversal algorithm is used to logically compare the value of each discrete frequency point in the frequency domain signal with the boundary values, thus screening through massive amounts of spectral data. Then, based on the comparison results, discrete points that meet the logical condition of "frequency value greater than or equal to the lower boundary and less than or equal to the upper boundary" are accurately marked as target spectral components, completing the initial screening. All marked components are summarized to generate a frequency index list of all target component location information, which serves as the extraction result.

[0032] Furthermore, step S222 specifically includes: Step S2221: Set the current traversal position as the starting frequency point of the frequency domain signal; Step S2222: Determine whether the value of the current frequency point simultaneously satisfies the condition of being greater than or equal to the lower boundary value and less than or equal to the upper boundary value; Step S2223: Based on the comparison results, record whether the current frequency point belongs to the target range, and move the traversal position to the next frequency.

[0033] Specifically, the traversal pointer is initialized, positioning the current processing position at the starting frequency point of the frequency domain data sequence, establishing the starting point for the entire sequential scanning process. A dual-condition logic check is performed on the specific value of the individual frequency point currently pointed to by the pointer: verifying whether it simultaneously satisfies "≥ lower boundary value" and "≤ upper boundary value". This check directly determines whether the frequency point belongs to a valid preset analysis frequency band. Based on the result of the previous step, two key actions are performed: first, recording the "state" of the point (belonging to or not belonging to the target range); second, driving the traversal pointer to automatically move to the next frequency point position in the sequence. This process is repeated until all discrete frequency points have been visited and checked, thus achieving the identification and marking from the full spectrum to the target sub-spectrum.

[0034] Preferably, the early warning module includes: a feature extraction unit, used to calculate and extract at least one feature parameter representing the spectral shape from the impedance spectrum; a model calling unit, used to acquire or call a pre-established reference model; a judgment unit, used to input the feature parameter into the reference model for calculation or comparison, and to judge whether its output result meets the preset conditions related to the blockage risk; and an early warning signal generation unit, used to generate and output an early warning signal indicating an increased risk of blockage in the drainage cavity when the judgment result of the judgment unit is yes.

[0035] Specifically, the feature extraction unit performs mathematical analysis on the input continuous impedance spectrum, calculating feature parameters that quantify changes in spectrum shape, trend, or key points, such as the slope of a specific frequency band, resonant frequency shift, and phase angle concentration, thereby transforming the complex spectrum curve into comparable data indicators. The model invocation unit retrieves a pre-established reference model based on current patient information or a general strategy. This model includes an individualized normal baseline or a risk classification model trained on a large amount of case data. Then, the judgment unit inputs the extracted feature parameters into the reference model. The model uses built-in algorithms, such as threshold comparison, cluster analysis, or machine learning inference, to calculate or compare, outputting a risk assessment score or classification result, and determining whether this result exceeds preset warning conditions related to clinical obstruction risk. Finally, when the judgment conditions are met, the warning signal generation unit is triggered, generating an electrical signal or digital command as a formal warning output for "increased risk of drainage cavity obstruction." This signal can drive a local alarm or remote notification.

[0036] Furthermore, the judgment unit includes: a parameter input unit for receiving feature parameters output by the feature extraction unit; a model application unit for inputting the feature parameters into a reference model, performing calculations, and obtaining a risk assessment value or classification label; a result comparison unit for comparing the risk assessment value or classification label with a preset risk threshold or classification standard; a condition judgment unit for determining whether the preset conditions for triggering an early warning are met based on the comparison results of the result comparison unit; and an instruction generation unit for generating corresponding control instructions based on the judgment results of the condition judgment unit, wherein the control instructions include triggering an early warning signal or remaining silent.

[0037] It should be noted that the preset logical conditions include "risk assessment value > threshold" or "category label is 'high risk'".

[0038] Specifically, the parameter input unit receives feature parameters from the feature extraction unit, completing data handover and buffering; the model application unit randomly inputs the feature parameters into a pre-built reference model, performs comprehensive calculations through the internal algorithm of the feature parameters, and outputs risk assessment values, such as risk probability or classification labels, such as "normal," "early warning," and "high risk"; then, the result comparison unit compares this output value with a preset, clinically validated risk threshold, or matches it with classification criteria; the condition determination unit determines whether the preset logical conditions for triggering a warning are met based on the comparison results; finally, the instruction generation unit generates the corresponding binary control instruction based on the determination result, that is, if the conditions are met, an instruction to trigger a warning is generated, otherwise an instruction to remain silent is generated.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-tracheal catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis, characterized in that, include: The catheter body has an internal drainage cavity; The impedance measurement module includes at least one pair of measuring electrodes disposed on the inner surface of the drainage cavity, for applying multi-frequency AC excitation signals to the urine in the cavity and detecting the response signals; The spectrum analysis module is used to receive the response signal, process it, and generate an impedance spectrum within a preset frequency range; The early warning module extracts at least one feature parameter based on the impedance spectrum and compares the feature parameter with a reference model. When the comparison result meets the preset conditions, it generates an early warning signal indicating an increased risk of blockage in the drainage cavity.

2. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impedance measurement module includes: The excitation unit is used to generate an AC excitation signal of a preset frequency; An electrode unit comprises at least one pair of electrodes fixed to the inner surface of a drainage cavity, used to apply the excitation signal to a urine medium; The acquisition unit is used to detect the response electrical signal generated on the electrode unit due to impedance change; The calculation unit is used to calculate and output the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the excitation signal and the response electrical signal.

3. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific calculation steps of the calculation unit include: Step S11: Synchronously sample the excitation signal and the response electrical signal to obtain the corresponding digital sequence; Step S12: Perform phase-sensitive detection on the digital sequence and calculate the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the response signal relative to the excitation signal at each frequency point; Step S13: Calculate the original impedance value corresponding to each frequency point based on the amplitude ratio and phase difference.

4. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S13 specifically includes: Step S131: Calculate the real part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the cosine of the phase difference. Step S132: Calculate the imaginary part of the complex impedance at each frequency point based on the product of the amplitude ratio and the sine of the phase difference. Step S133: Combine the real part and the imaginary part into a complex number form corresponding to each frequency point; Step S134: Define the synthesized complex form as the original impedance value.

5. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectrum analysis module includes: The preprocessing unit is used to receive the response signal, perform noise reduction and standardization preprocessing, and generate a time-domain signal; A frequency domain transformation unit is used to transform the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal; A spectrum extraction unit is used to extract spectral components within the preset frequency range from the frequency domain signal. The impedance calculation unit calculates the impedance value at each frequency point based on the spectral components and the corresponding excitation signal parameters. The spectrum generation and output unit is used to organize the impedance values ​​at each frequency point, generate continuous impedance spectrum data, and output it.

6. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spectrum extraction unit extraction steps include: Step 21: Obtain the boundary values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step 22: Based on the boundary value, identify all discrete spectral components falling within the range in the frequency domain signal; Step 23: Extract the frequency and amplitude information of the identified spectral components.

7. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 22 specifically includes: Step S221: Read the upper and lower boundary frequency values ​​of the preset frequency range; Step S222: Iterate through each discrete frequency point in the frequency domain signal and compare it with the upper and lower boundary frequency values. Step S223: Mark the discrete frequency points whose frequency values ​​fall within the boundary range as target spectral components; Step S224: Summarize the marked target spectral components and generate a corresponding frequency index list.

8. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S222 specifically includes: Step S2221: Set the current traversal position as the starting frequency point of the frequency domain signal; Step S2222: Determine whether the value of the current frequency point simultaneously satisfies the condition of being greater than or equal to the lower boundary value and less than or equal to the upper boundary value; Step S2223: Based on the comparison results, record whether the current frequency point belongs to the target range, and move the traversal position to the next frequency.

9. The indwelling urinary catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning module includes: The feature extraction unit is used to calculate and extract at least one feature parameter representing the spectral shape from the impedance spectrum; The model invocation unit is used to obtain or invoke the pre-established reference model; The judgment unit is used to input the feature parameters into the reference model for calculation or comparison, and to judge whether its output result meets the preset conditions related to the blockage risk. The warning signal generation unit is used to generate and output a warning signal indicating an increased risk of blockage in the drainage cavity when the judgment result of the judgment unit is yes.

10. A pre-tracheal catheter obstruction early warning system based on impedance spectrum analysis according to claim 9, characterized in that, The determination unit includes: A parameter input unit is used to receive feature parameters output by the feature extraction unit; The model application unit is used to input the feature parameters into the reference model, perform calculations, and obtain risk assessment values ​​or classification labels. The result comparison unit is used to compare the risk assessment value or classification label with a preset risk threshold or classification standard; The condition determination unit is used to determine whether the preset conditions for triggering an early warning are met based on the comparison results of the result comparison unit. The instruction generation unit is used to generate corresponding control instructions based on the determination result of the condition determination unit. The control instructions include triggering a warning signal or remaining silent.

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