A ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of laser cladding coating materials technology, specifically to a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth and its preparation method. It is composed of a mechanical mixture of iron matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder, with a mass ratio of iron matrix powder to TiC reinforcing phase powder of 7:3-8:2. The TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 50-100 μm and a microhardness of HV2800-3200. The iron matrix powder is either Delcrome 401 iron-based powder or H13 iron-based powder. The unit price of the TiC powder in this invention is approximately 1 / 8 that of WC powder, while its wear resistance is comparable or even higher. Furthermore, the density of TiC is approximately 1 / 5 that of WC. When cladding the same volume of the two materials, the TiC mixed powder has very high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding coating materials technology, specifically to a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cutting teeth are the core cutting components of coal mining machines and tunneling machines, and their wear resistance directly determines mining efficiency and equipment maintenance costs. Currently, surface strengthening welding technologies for cutting teeth mainly include plasma arc welding, flux-cored wire arc welding, and laser cladding welding, with alloy powders and flux-cored wires as the main welding materials.

[0003] Alloy powder materials have the following drawbacks:

[0004] Iron-based alloy powder (Fe-Cr-C system) has high hardness and low cost, but its resistance to abrasive wear is limited, and its service life is short in hard coal and rock conditions containing quartz sand.

[0005] Nickel-based alloy powder (Ni-Cr-B-Si system) has excellent corrosion resistance, but its hardness is lower than that of iron-based alloys, and the raw material cost is relatively high.

[0006] Cobalt-based alloy powder has the best overall performance, but its cost is extremely high, making it difficult to apply on a large scale.

[0007] While tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced composite powder can improve wear resistance, WC has a high density (15.63 g / cm³), which increases the centrifugal force of the cutting teeth. In addition, the raw material is expensive. Furthermore, WC is prone to grain growth during high-temperature cladding, which leads to a decrease in toughness.

[0008] Wear-resistant flux-cored welding wires are mainly used for arc welding. High-chromium cast iron welding wires have poor toughness and require preheating treatment. Tungsten carbide welding wires have better impact resistance, but the bonding strength of the cladding layer is lower than that of laser cladding, and they also have the problems of high WC density and high cost.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth and its preparation method, so as to achieve a combination of high wear resistance, lightweight, high temperature corrosion resistance and low cost, and solve the problem of short cutting tooth life under low impact and high cutting wear conditions.

[0011] The first aspect of this invention provides a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, which is formed by mechanically mixing iron matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder, wherein the mass ratio of iron matrix powder to TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7:3-8:2; the particle size of the TiC reinforcing phase powder is 50-100μm and the microhardness is HV2800-3200; the iron matrix powder is Delcrome401 iron-based powder or H13 iron-based powder.

[0012] The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0-0.6%, Cr: 10%-20%, Ni: 0-5%, Mo: 0-2%, V: 0-1%, with the balance being Fe;

[0013] or,

[0014] The chemical composition of the H13 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is as follows: C: 0.32%-0.45%, Si: 0.8%-1.2%, Mn: 0.2%-0.5%, Cr: 4.75%-5.5%, Mo: 1.1%-1.75%, V: 0.8%-1.2%, with the balance being Fe;

[0015] The oxygen content of the TiC reinforced phase powder is ≤0.1%.

[0016] Preferably, the chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0%, Cr: 10%, Ni: 0%, Mo: 0%, V: 0%, with the balance being Fe.

[0017] Preferably, the chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.3%, Cr: 15%, Ni: 2.5%, Mo: 1%, V: 0.5%, with the balance being Fe.

[0018] Preferably, the chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.6%, Cr: 20%, Ni: 5%, Mo: 2%, V: 1%, with the balance being Fe.

[0019] Preferably, the composition is C: 0.32%, Si: 0.8%, Mn: 0.2%, Cr: 4.75%, Mo: 1.1%, V: 0.8%, with the balance being Fe.

[0020] Preferably, the H13 iron-based powder contains C: 0.45%, Si: 1.2%, Mn: 0.5%, Cr: 5.5%, Mo: 1.75%, V: 1.2%, with the balance being Fe.

[0021] Preferably, the H13 iron-based powder contains C: 0.4%, Si: 1%, Mn: 0.35%, Cr: 5%, Mo: 1.5%, V: 1%, and the balance is Fe.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, comprising the steps of:

[0023] Step S100, preparation of iron-based powder, involves the sequential processes of raw material preparation and smelting, gas atomization, powder collection and post-processing;

[0024] Step S200, the preparation of TiC reinforced phase powder, involves the following steps in sequence: raw material preparation, molding treatment, high-temperature reduction carbonization, and post-treatment.

[0025] Step S300: Mix the matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder in proportion to obtain the ceramic material.

[0026] Preferably, in step S100, the preparation of the matrix powder includes:

[0027] Raw material preparation and smelting: Weigh pure metal ingots or intermediate alloys according to the chemical composition of the base powder, remove surface oxide scale and oil stains, dry them and put them into an induction melting furnace, heat them to 100-150°C above the metal melting point, and melt them into a uniform melt; preheat the guide pipe and tundish to 50-80°C above the metal liquidus temperature to prevent the melt from solidifying and blocking.

[0028] Gas atomization: The furnace bottom drain is opened, allowing the molten liquid to form a continuous and stable flow through the guide pipe, falling vertically into the atomization chamber; high-pressure nitrogen or argon gas at a pressure of 3-8 MPa is used to accelerate the flow through an annular nozzle, forming a high-speed gas jet that impacts the liquid flow and breaks it into fine metal droplets; the droplets are rapidly cooled by nitrogen gas within the atomization tower, with the cooling rate controlled at [missing information]. K / s, which shrinks into spherical powder due to surface tension;

[0029] Post-processing: The gas-powder mixture is separated at the bottom of the atomization tower or in a cyclone separator, and the nitrogen is purified and recycled; the powder is classified by a vibrating screen, and products with a particle size of 20-150μm are screened out, while the coarse powder on the screen is returned for remelting; the classified powder is dried for 2-4 hours under vacuum degree ≤1 / 10²Pa and temperature of 120-150℃ to remove residual moisture and adsorbed gas; the sphericity, particle size distribution, loose density, and oxygen and nitrogen content of the powder are tested, and qualified products are vacuum-sealed or nitrogen-filled and sealed for storage.

[0030] Preferably, in step S200, the preparation of the TiC reinforced phase powder includes:

[0031] Raw material preparation: Select high-purity TiO2 powder (purity ≥99.9%) with a particle size of 0.1-1μm and carbon black / graphite powder (purity ≥99.5%) with a particle size of 0.01-0.1μm, according to... The raw materials are mixed in a molar ratio of C=1:3, with an additional 2%-5% carbon powder added to compensate for high-temperature burn-off; the raw materials are put into a ball mill, anhydrous ethanol is used as the medium, and hard alloy grinding beads are added. The ball-to-material ratio is 5:1-10:1. The mixture is ball-milled for 4-24 hours to achieve uniform mixing, and then vacuum dried at 60-80℃ and passed through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0032] Molding process: The mixed powder is pressed into a blank under a pressure of 10-30MPa, or directly loaded into a graphite crucible. The density of the blank is controlled at 2.0-2.5g / cm³ to reduce the gap between powder particles and improve the reaction mass transfer efficiency.

[0033] High-temperature reduction carbonization: Place the crucible in a graphite resistance furnace or vacuum furnace, and evacuate to a vacuum level. Pa, or argon / nitrogen protection; heat to 1600-2000℃ at a heating rate of 5-10℃ / min, hold for 2-6 hours; the reduction carbonization reaction occurs as follows:

[0034] +3C=TiC+2CO↑;

[0035] Post-processing: After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was crushed and ball-milled, then acid-washed for 2-4 hours with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid (volume ratio 3:1) to remove unreacted free carbon and... After filtration, the sample was washed with deionized water until neutral, dried at 100-120℃, and sieved to obtain TiC powder with a particle size of 50-100μm.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] The microhardness of the TiC-reinforced phase reaches HV2800-3200, which is significantly higher than that of WC. Furthermore, by optimizing the TiC particle size (50-100μm) and mixing ratio, cracking of the cladding layer is avoided. Under low impact and high cutting wear conditions, the wear resistance life is increased by more than 40% compared with the WC-based weld overlay.

[0038] TiC has a density of only 4.93 g / cm³, which is about 1 / 5 of WC. When cladding the same volume of coating, the weight is reduced by more than 60%, which can reduce the damage caused by centrifugal force during the rotation of the cutting teeth and reduce the energy consumption of the coal mining machine / tunneling machine.

[0039] TiC has an oxidation resistance temperature exceeding 1000℃ and is not easily oxidized and degraded under the conditions of frictional heat generation in cutting teeth (600-800℃); it has strong resistance to acid and alkali corrosion and is suitable for mining environments with high humidity and corrosive minerals.

[0040] TiC raw material is about 1 / 8 the price of WC, and no expensive binder metal is needed during cladding. The material cost for mass production is reduced by more than 50%, and the cost-effectiveness is significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] This invention uses a certain proportion of matrix powder and TiC to mechanically mix them, and then bottles them for laser cladding.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This invention discloses a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, which is mechanically mixed from iron matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder. Its preparation method is as follows:

[0047] The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.35%, Cr: 12%, Ni: 2%, Mo: 1%, V: 0.5%, with the balance being Fe. The TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 70 μm and an oxygen content of 0.08%; the mass ratio of the matrix powder to the TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7.5:2.5.

[0048] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0049] The preparation of the matrix powder includes:

[0050] Raw material preparation and smelting: Weigh pure metal ingots or intermediate alloys according to the chemical composition of the base powder, remove surface oxide scale and oil stains, dry them and put them into an induction melting furnace, heat them to 100-150°C above the metal melting point, and melt them into a uniform melt; preheat the guide pipe and tundish to 50-80°C above the metal liquidus temperature to prevent the melt from solidifying and blocking.

[0051] Gas atomization: The furnace bottom drain is opened, allowing the molten liquid to form a continuous and stable flow through the guide pipe, falling vertically into the atomization chamber; high-pressure nitrogen or argon gas at a pressure of 3-8 MPa is used to accelerate the flow through an annular nozzle, forming a high-speed gas jet that impacts the liquid flow and breaks it into fine metal droplets; the droplets are rapidly cooled by nitrogen gas within the atomization tower, with the cooling rate controlled at [missing information]. K / s, which shrinks into spherical powder due to surface tension;

[0052] Post-processing: The gas-powder mixture is separated at the bottom of the atomization tower or in a cyclone separator, and the nitrogen is purified and recycled; the powder is classified by a vibrating screen, and products with a particle size of 20-150μm are screened out, while the coarse powder on the screen is returned for remelting; the classified powder is dried for 2-4 hours under vacuum degree ≤1 / 10²Pa and temperature of 120-150℃ to remove residual moisture and adsorbed gas; the sphericity, particle size distribution, loose density, and oxygen and nitrogen content of the powder are tested, and qualified products are vacuum-sealed or nitrogen-filled and sealed for storage.

[0053] In step S200, the preparation of the TiC reinforced phase powder includes:

[0054] Raw material preparation: Select high-purity TiO2 powder with a particle size of 0.1-1μm and carbon black / graphite powder with a particle size of 0.01-0.1μm, according to... The raw materials are mixed in a molar ratio of C=1:3, with an additional 2%-5% carbon powder added to compensate for high-temperature burn-off; the raw materials are put into a ball mill, anhydrous ethanol is used as the medium, and hard alloy grinding beads are added. The ball-to-material ratio is 5:1-10:1. The mixture is ball-milled for 4-24 hours to achieve uniform mixing, and then vacuum dried at 60-80℃ and passed through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0055] Molding process: The mixed powder is pressed into a blank under a pressure of 10-30MPa, or directly loaded into a graphite crucible. The density of the blank is controlled at 2.0-2.5g / cm³ to reduce the gap between powder particles and improve the reaction mass transfer efficiency.

[0056] High-temperature reduction carbonization: Place the crucible in a graphite resistance furnace or vacuum furnace, and evacuate to a vacuum level. Pa, or argon / nitrogen protection; heat to 1600-2000℃ at a heating rate of 5-10℃ / min, hold for 2-6 hours; the reduction carbonization reaction occurs as follows:

[0057] +3C=TiC+2CO↑;

[0058] Post-processing: After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was crushed and ball-milled. It was then acid-washed for 2-4 hours with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid (volume ratio 3:1) to remove unreacted free carbon and... After filtration, the sample was washed with deionized water until neutral, dried at 100-120℃, and sieved to obtain TiC powder with a particle size of 50-100μm.

[0059] Preparation by mixing: using a double cone mixer at 40 r / min for 1.5 h, followed by vacuum bottling;

[0060] Laser cladding: laser power 2000W, scanning speed 4mm / s, powder feeding rate 12g / min, cladding width 22mm, cladding layer thickness 1.8mm.

[0061] Testing revealed that the microhardness of the ceramic cladding layer was HV2900, and under medium-hard coal and rock conditions, the wear life of the cutting teeth was increased by 45% compared to the WC-based weld overlay.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Unlike Example 1, the chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.4%, Cr: 13%, Ni: 2.5%, Mo: 1.5%, V: 0.75%, with the balance being Fe. The TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 70 μm and an oxygen content of 0.08%; the mass ratio of the matrix powder to the TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7.5:2.5.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] Unlike Example 1, the chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.45%, Cr: 14%, Ni: 3%, Mo: 2%, V: 1%, with the balance being Fe. The TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 70 μm and an oxygen content of 0.08%; the mass ratio of the matrix powder to the TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7.5:2.5.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] This invention discloses a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, which is mechanically mixed from iron matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder. Its preparation method is as follows:

[0068] The matrix powder is H13 iron-based powder, and its chemical composition by mass percentage is: C: 0.38%, Si: 1.0%, Mn: 0.3%, Cr: 5.0%, Mo: 1.4%, V: 1.0%, with the balance being Fe; the TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 50 μm and an oxygen content of 0.06%; the mass ratio of the matrix powder to the TiC reinforcing phase powder is 8:2.

[0069] Referring to Examples 1-3 above, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0070] Matrix powder preparation: melting temperature 1500℃, high pressure argon gas pressure 6MPa, cooling rate 8×100000K / s; after classification, the powder particle size is 50μm, and vacuum drying temperature is 120℃ for 2h.

[0071] TiC powder preparation: TiO2 to graphite powder molar ratio 1:3, with an additional 2% carbon powder added; ball-to-material ratio 5:1, ball milling for 8 hours; molding pressure 15MPa; heating to 1700℃ under argon protection, holding for 3 hours; acid washing time 2 hours, TiC particle size after sieving is 50μm;

[0072] Preparation by mixing: The mixing time was 2 hours using a double cone mixer at a speed of 30 r / min.

[0073] Laser cladding: laser power 1800W, scanning speed 5mm / s, powder feeding rate 10g / min, cladding layer thickness 1.2mm.

[0074] Testing revealed that the microhardness of the ceramic cladding layer was HV3100, and the wear life of the cutting teeth was 50% higher than that of the WC-based weld overlay.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] A ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, wherein the matrix powder is Delcrome401 iron-based powder, the TiC reinforcing phase powder has a particle size of 100μm, and the mass ratio of matrix powder to TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7:3.

[0077] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1. After testing, the microhardness of the cladding layer is HV2850, and the wear life of the cutting teeth is increased by 42% compared with the WC-based weld overlay layer.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth, characterized in that, It is composed of iron matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder mechanically mixed, wherein the mass ratio of iron matrix powder to TiC reinforcing phase powder is 7:3-8:2; the particle size of TiC reinforcing phase powder is 50-100μm and the microhardness is HV2800-3200; the iron matrix powder is Delcrome401 iron-based powder or H13 iron-based powder. The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0-0.6%, Cr: 10%-20%, Ni: 0-5%, Mo: 0-2%, V: 0-1%, with the balance being Fe; or, The chemical composition of the H13 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is as follows: C: 0.32%-0.45%, Si: 0.8%-1.2%, Mn: 0.2%-0.5%, Cr: 4.75%-5.5%, Mo: 1.1%-1.75%, V: 0.8%-1.2%, with the balance being Fe; The oxygen content of the TiC reinforced phase powder is ≤0.1%.

2. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0%, Cr: 10%, Ni: 0%, Mo: 0%, V: 0%, with the balance being Fe.

3. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.3%, Cr: 15%, Ni: 2.5%, Mo: 1%, V: 0.5%, with the balance being Fe.

4. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of the Delcrome401 iron-based powder, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.6%, Cr: 20%, Ni: 5%, Mo: 2%, V: 1%, with the balance being Fe.

5. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of H13 iron-based powder by mass percentage is as follows: C: 0.32%, Si: 0.8%, Mn: 0.2%, Cr: 4.75%, Mo: 1.1%, V: 0.8%, with the balance being Fe.

6. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of H13 iron-based powder by mass percentage is as follows: C: 0.45%, Si: 1.2%, Mn: 0.5%, Cr: 5.5%, Mo: 1.75%, V: 1.2%, with the balance being Fe.

7. The ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical composition of H13 iron-based powder by mass percentage is: C: 0.4%, Si: 1%, Mn: 0.35%, Cr: 5%, Mo: 1.5%, V: 1%, with the balance being Fe.

8. A method for preparing a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step S100, preparation of iron-based powder, involves the sequential processes of raw material preparation and smelting, gas atomization, powder collection and post-processing; Step S200, the preparation of TiC reinforced phase powder, involves the following steps in sequence: raw material preparation, molding treatment, high-temperature reduction carbonization, and post-treatment. Step S300: Mix the matrix powder and TiC reinforcing phase powder in proportion to obtain the ceramic material.

9. The method for preparing a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S100, the preparation of the matrix powder includes: Raw material preparation and smelting: Weigh pure metal ingots or intermediate alloys according to the chemical composition of the base powder, remove surface oxide scale and oil stains, dry them and put them into an induction melting furnace, heat them to 100-150°C above the metal melting point, and melt them into a uniform melt; preheat the guide pipe and tundish to 50-80°C above the metal liquidus temperature to prevent the melt from solidifying and blocking. Gas atomization: The furnace bottom drain is opened, allowing the molten liquid to form a continuous and stable flow through the guide pipe, falling vertically into the atomization chamber; high-pressure nitrogen or argon gas at a pressure of 3-8 MPa is used to accelerate the flow through an annular nozzle, forming a high-speed gas jet that impacts the liquid flow and breaks it into fine metal droplets; the droplets are rapidly cooled by nitrogen gas within the atomization tower, with the cooling rate controlled at [missing information]. K / s, which shrinks into spherical powder due to surface tension; Post-processing: The gas-powder mixture is separated at the bottom of the atomization tower or in a cyclone separator, and the nitrogen is purified and recycled; the powder is classified by a vibrating screen, and products with a particle size of 20-150μm are screened out, while the coarse powder on the screen is returned for remelting; the classified powder is dried for 2-4 hours under vacuum degree ≤1 / 10²Pa and temperature of 120-150℃ to remove residual moisture and adsorbed gas; the sphericity, particle size distribution, loose density, and oxygen and nitrogen content of the powder are tested, and qualified products are vacuum-sealed or nitrogen-filled and sealed for storage.

10. The method for preparing a ceramic material for laser cladding of cutting teeth according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S200, the preparation of the TiC reinforced phase powder includes: Raw material preparation: Select high-purity TiO2 powder with a particle size of 0.1-1μm and carbon black / graphite powder with a particle size of 0.01-0.1μm, according to... The raw materials are mixed in a molar ratio of C=1:3, with an additional 2%-5% carbon powder added to compensate for high-temperature burn-off; the raw materials are put into a ball mill, anhydrous ethanol is used as the medium, and hard alloy grinding beads are added. The ball-to-material ratio is 5:1-10:

1. The mixture is ball-milled for 4-24 hours to achieve uniform mixing, and then vacuum dried at 60-80℃ and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. Molding process: The mixed powder is pressed into a blank under a pressure of 10-30MPa, or directly loaded into a graphite crucible. The density of the blank is controlled at 2.0-2.5g / cm³ to reduce the gap between powder particles and improve the reaction mass transfer efficiency. High-temperature reduction carbonization: Place the crucible in a graphite resistance furnace or vacuum furnace, and evacuate to a vacuum level. Pa, or argon / nitrogen protection; heat to 1600-2000℃ at a heating rate of 5-10℃ / min, hold for 2-6 hours; the reduction carbonization reaction occurs as follows: +3C=TiC+2CO↑; Post-processing: After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was crushed and ball-milled. It was then acid-washed for 2-4 hours with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid (volume ratio 3:1) to remove unreacted free carbon and... After filtration, the sample was washed with deionized water until neutral, dried at 100-120℃, and sieved to obtain TiC powder with a particle size of 50-100μm.

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