Circularly polarized antenna elements, phased array antennas, and terminal equipment

Abstract

This application provides a circularly polarized antenna element, a phased array antenna, and a terminal device, relating to the field of communication technology. The circularly polarized antenna element provided in this application includes a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a ground plane, a radiating patch, and a first feed line. The ground plane is located between the first and second dielectric layers. A notched annular slot is provided on the side of the ground plane away from the second dielectric layer. The radiating patch is located on the side of the first dielectric layer away from the ground plane. The first feed line is located on the side of the second dielectric layer away from the ground plane. The first feed line has a first feed port, which is configured to allow electromagnetic waves to enter the slot. The slot is configured to couple the electromagnetic waves to the radiating patch to generate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. This application achieves broadband operation with a single-layer radiating patch, requiring only two dielectric layers, thereby reducing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a circularly polarized antenna element, a phased array antenna, and a terminal device. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array antennas offer advantages such as beam agility, low profile, and easy conformal design, making them widely used in spaceborne and ground terminals of broadband satellite communication systems. To reduce signal attenuation and multipath effects in the atmosphere and improve signal transmission quality and stability, broadband satellite communication systems typically employ circularly polarized phased array antennas, which also require good axial ratio performance over a wide scanning range.

[0003] Currently, phased array antennas typically employ antenna elements containing two layers of patches (radiating patches and parasitic patches) to achieve broadband performance, and use dual-slot coupled dual-port feeding combined with a 90° bridge to achieve wide-angle circular polarization. This antenna structure is simple and easy to manufacture, and has been widely used. However, this type of antenna is relatively expensive, and its radiation efficiency still needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To alleviate, reduce, or eliminate the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a circularly polarized antenna element, a phased array antenna, and a terminal device, thereby reducing costs.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a circularly polarized antenna element, comprising:

[0006] First dielectric layer;

[0007] The second dielectric layer is disposed opposite to the first dielectric layer;

[0008] A grounding plate, located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, has an annular slit with a notch on the side of the grounding plate away from the second dielectric layer;

[0009] A radiating patch is located on the side of the first dielectric layer away from the ground plane; and

[0010] A first feed line is located on the side of the second dielectric layer away from the ground plane. The first feed line has a first feed port configured to allow electromagnetic waves to enter the gap.

[0011] The slit is configured to couple the electromagnetic wave to the radiating patch to generate a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a phased array antenna, including the circularly polarized antenna element described in the first aspect.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides a terminal device including the phased array antenna described in the second aspect.

[0014] It should be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this application; they are incorporated into and constitute a part of this application. The drawings illustrate embodiments of this application and, together with this specification, serve to explain the principles of this application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shape of a gap provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another gap shape provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the shape of another gap provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of a feed antenna and a slot, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feed point of a circularly polarized antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of another feed antenna and slot provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation curve of the reflection coefficient of a circularly polarized antenna element as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation curve of the axial ratio of a circularly polarized antenna element in the direction perpendicular to the antenna aperture as a function of frequency, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation curve of the axial ratio of a circularly polarized antenna element in the direction perpendicular to the antenna aperture as a function of the elevation angle, according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The principles of this application will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to help those skilled in the art to understand and implement this application, and do not impose any limitation on the scope of this application. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in ways other than those described below.

[0027] In the following description, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0028] References to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," etc., in this application indicate that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment needs to include specific features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with an exemplary embodiment, whether explicitly described or not, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a feature, structure, or characteristic affects its association with other embodiments.

[0029] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” used in this application also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “a group of elements” or “a set of elements” as used in this application are intended to include one or more elements. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “possessing,” “including,” and / or “comprising,” when used in this application, specify the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] As used herein, the term "communication system" refers to a network system that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), New Radio (NR), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), etc. Furthermore, communication between terminal devices and network devices in a communication system can be performed according to any suitable generation of communication protocol, including but not limited to first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G), and future sixth-generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of this application can be applied to satellite node communication systems. Considering the rapid development in communications, future types of communication technologies and systems will naturally exist, and this application can be implemented using these technologies and systems. It should not be considered that the scope of this application is limited to the aforementioned systems.

[0031] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. As an example and not a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). This terminal device may include, but is not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop installed devices (LMEs), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless subscriber equipment (CPEs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronics devices, relay nodes, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. The mobile terminal (MT) portion of an IAB node can perform the functions of a "terminal device" and therefore can operate as a terminal device. In the following description, the terms "terminal device," "terminal," "user equipment," and "UE" are used interchangeably.

[0032] Currently, commonly used frequency bands for satellite services include the C (4-8GHz) band, Ku (12-18GHz) band, and Ka (24-40GHz) band. Taking the Ka band as an example, the Ka band broadband satellite communication system has an operating bandwidth of over 12% and can achieve a scanning range of -70° to +70° in the elevation direction. Therefore, the antenna element is required to have wide bandwidth and angular circular polarization capability.

[0033] In satellite communication systems, phased array antennas in terminal equipment typically employ antenna elements containing two layers of patches (radiating patches and parasitic patches) to achieve broadband performance. Their fabrication requires at least three layers of dielectric substrates, increasing antenna manufacturing costs. Furthermore, wide-angle circular polarization performance is usually achieved using a dual-slot coupled dual-port feed combined with a 90° bridge. The introduction of the 90° bridge increases antenna loss; for example, in the Ka band, a 90° bridge can introduce a loss of 0.5–1 dB.

[0034] Circular polarization can be achieved using single-port feeding, and the specific implementation schemes include the following two:

[0035] 1) By using methods such as chamfering and gap loading to change the surface current distribution of the radiating patch, two orthogonal mode currents with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference are excited to achieve circular polarization.

[0036] 2) By adopting slot coupling feeding, the shape of the coupling slot is changed from a straight line or an I-shaped shape to an L-shaped or cross-shaped shape. Two orthogonal mode currents are excited on the radiating patch through slot coupling, which can be equivalent to providing two feeding points with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference to the radiating patch, thus realizing circular polarization.

[0037] In the first scheme, both the antenna's operating bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth are narrow, which cannot meet the requirements of Ka-band broadband satellite communication systems. Although the second scheme has significantly improved both the antenna's operating bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth compared to the first scheme, the axial ratio bandwidth is still less than 10%, and the axial ratio beamwidth cannot cover the range of -70° to +70°.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the circularly polarized antenna element 100 includes a radiating patch 101, a first dielectric layer 102, a ground plane 103, a second dielectric layer 104, and a first feed line 105. The radiating patch 101 is located on the side of the first dielectric layer 102 away from the ground plane 103. The shape of the radiating patch 101 can be elliptical, circular, polygonal, or other shapes.

[0039] Ground plane 103 is located between first dielectric layer 102 and second dielectric layer 104. Ground plane 103 has a slot 1031 on the side near the radiating patch 101. The slot 1031 is annular with a notch. It should be understood that the term "annular" as used herein does not necessarily mean circular. For example, the slot 1031 may be an elliptical annular or a circular annular shape with a notch, such as... Figure 2 As shown. For example, the shape of gap 1031 can be a polygonal ring with a notch, such as a four-sided ring, a five-sided ring, or a six-sided ring. Figure 3 As shown. For example, the shape of the gap 1031 is an elliptical ring with a notch, or a mixture of a circular ring and a polygonal ring, as shown. Figure 4 As shown. The width of the gap 1031 at different locations may be the same or different. In one embodiment, the gap 1031 may be formed by etching a thin metal layer on the ground plane 103, and the depth of the gap 1031 may be the thickness of the thin metal layer on the ground plane 103.

[0040] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the line connecting the two ends of the notch to the length of the gap is less than or equal to 0.25, such as 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, or 0.1. For example, if the length of the gap 1031 is J, then the length of the line connecting the two ends of the notch is less than or equal to 0.25J, such as 0.25J, 0.2J, 0.15J, or 0.1J.

[0041] In some embodiments, the length of the slot 1031 is approximately 1.5 times the wavelength of the slot waveguide at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element 100, i.e., 1.5 × λ. g ,in, λ is the slot guide wavelength at the center frequency of the operating frequency band, λ0 is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element, and ε eff Let be the equivalent dielectric constant of the gap. It should be understood that, as used herein, the term "approximate" refers to an equal relationship that takes into account the range of manufacturing process errors.

[0042] In some embodiments, the center point of the projection of the radiating patch 101 onto the ground plane 103 coincides with the center point of the slot 1031. Alternatively or additionally, the projection of the radiating patch 101 onto the ground plane 103 at least covers the inner edge of the slot 1031, that is, the inner edge of the slot 1031 lies within the projection of the radiating patch 101 onto the ground plane 103, or both the outer and inner edges of the slot 1031 lie within the projection of the radiating patch 101 onto the ground plane 103. In this document, the term "center point" may refer to the geometric center.

[0043] The first feeder line 105 is located on the side of the second dielectric layer 104 away from the ground plane 103. Please refer to the reference. Figure 5 The first feed line 105 has a first feed port 1051. The first feed port 1051 is configured to allow electromagnetic waves to enter the slot 1031, wherein the slot 1031 is configured to couple electromagnetic waves to the radiating patch 101 to generate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0044] During application, electromagnetic waves enter the slot 1031 from the first feed port 1051, exhibiting a standing wave distribution within the slot 1031. These waves are coupled to the radiating patch 101 through the slot 1031. The electromagnetic waves distributed along the slot 1031 have a phase difference, providing multiple feed points with different phases for the radiating patch 101, thereby generating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves that radiate into free space. In some embodiments, four feed points with phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° can be provided to the radiating patch 101. Compared to L-shaped or cross-shaped slot-coupled antennas where the coupling slot provides two feed points with phases of 0° and 90° for the radiating patch, the antenna in this embodiment has a wider axial ratio bandwidth and axial ratio beamwidth. Furthermore, this embodiment avoids the losses caused by the 90° bridge, improving antenna radiation efficiency.

[0045] By way of example and not limitation, the first feed line 105 may be a microstrip feed line or a stripline feed line. In some embodiments, please refer to the references. Figure 7The first feeder line 105 has a first straight segment 1052, such as a straight line or an L-shape, etc., with a first feeder port 1051 located at one end of the first straight segment 1052. The first projection of the first straight segment 1052 on the ground plane 103 intersects the gap 1031 at a first intersection point, with one end of the first projection located outside the ring containing the gap 1031 and the other end located inside the ring containing the gap 1031. When the projection of the first feeder port 1051 on the ground plane 103 is located outside the ring containing the gap 1031, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the length L of the portion of the projection of the first feed line 105 onto the ground plane 103 that lies within the ring containing the slot 1031 is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the first feed line 105 at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element. When the projection of the first feed port 1051 onto the ground plane 103 lies within the ring containing the slot 1031, the length of the portion of the projection of the first feed line 105 onto the ground plane 103 that lies outside the ring containing the slot 1031 is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the first feed line 105 at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

[0046] The first projection of the first straight line segment 1052 onto the ground plane 103 intersects the gap 1031 perpendicularly at the first intersection point. For example, if the gap 1031 is a notched annular ring, the perpendicular intersection of the first projection and the gap 1031 at the first intersection point means that the first projection is perpendicular to the external tangent of the annular ring at the first intersection point. Similarly, if the gap 1031 is a notched polygonal annular ring, the perpendicular intersection of the first projection and the gap 1031 at the first intersection point means that the first projection is perpendicular to the side where the first intersection point is located.

[0047] In this embodiment, the line connecting the center point of the annulus containing the gap 1031 and the center point of its notch is defined as the centerline X. The angle θ between the first projection of the first straight line segment 1052 on the ground plane 103 and the centerline X, pointing towards the notch of the gap 1031, is 90°-135°, such as 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, 130°, 135°, etc. Please refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 The angle θ between the first projection of the first straight line segment 1052 on the ground plane 103 and the center line X toward the notch of the gap 1031 is 90°.

[0048] The relative positions of the first feed line 105 and the slot 1031 determine the rotation direction of the circularly polarized wave radiated by the circularly polarized antenna element. Please refer to... Figure 6 , Figure 6In the embodiment shown in (a), the electromagnetic wave distributed along the slot 1031 has a phase of 90° at the first intersection point, a phase of 0° at the gap closer to the first intersection point, a phase of 180° at the intersection point of the slot 1031 and the center line X, and a phase of 270° at the position symmetrical about the center line X at the first intersection point, so that the circularly polarized antenna element radiates a right-hand circularly polarized wave. Figure 6 In the embodiment shown in (b), the circularly polarized antenna element radiates a left-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0049] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna element 100 may include a plurality of feed lines, thereby realizing multiple circularly polarized waves through a plurality of feed ports. Please refer to the reference. Figure 7 The circularly polarized antenna element also includes a second feed line 106 that does not intersect with the first feed line 105. The second feed line 106 is also located on the side of the second dielectric layer 104 away from the ground plane 103. An example configuration of the second feed line 106 can be found with reference to the first feed line 105, and will not be described in detail here.

[0050] In some embodiments, the second projection of the second straight segment 1061 of the second feed line 106 onto the ground plane 103 intersects the slot 1031 at a second intersection point. The second intersection point and the first intersection point can be symmetrical about the center line X, such as the first feed line 105 and the second feed line 106 being symmetrically arranged about the center line X, so that the circularly polarized antenna element can radiate right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized waves, achieving dual circular polarization.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first feed line 105 has a first broken line segment 1053 connected to one end of the first straight segment 1052 facing the annulus containing the gap 1031, and the second feed line 106 has a second broken line segment 1062 connected to one end of the second straight segment 1061 facing the annulus containing the gap 1031. The first broken line segment 1053 and the second broken line segment 1062 may have the same or different orientations. By setting the broken line segments, the embodiments of this application can make the first feed line 105 and the second feed line 106 as close as possible without intersecting, thereby improving the isolation between the two feed ports.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first dielectric layer 102 and the second dielectric layer 104 may be dielectric substrates, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 104 is greater than that of the first dielectric layer 102. In some embodiments, the first dielectric layer 102 may also be air, and the radiating patch 101 is fixed to the side of the ground plane 103 away from the second dielectric layer 104 through an intermediate suspended structure. This embodiment of the application achieves broadband operation with a single-layer radiating patch, requiring only two dielectric substrates. Compared to the traditional method of achieving broadband operation with a two-layer patch including a radiating patch and a parasitic patch, this reduces the use of one dielectric substrate and parasitic patch, thereby reducing costs.

[0053] In one example embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna element includes only one feed line, such as only the first feed line 105. In this circularly polarized antenna element, the first feed line 105 is straight with a width of 0.358 mm; the radiating patch 101 is a circular patch with a radius of 1.55 mm; the slot 1031 on the ground plane 103 is a notched annular slot with a radius of 1.3 mm, a notch circumference of 0.2 mm, and a slot width of 0.12 mm; the first dielectric layer 102 has a thickness of 1.016 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.6; the second dielectric layer 104 has a thickness of 0.254 mm and a dielectric constant of 6.15.

[0054] Based on the circularly polarized antenna element in the above example embodiment, assuming the circularly polarized antenna element operates in the Ka band, such as Figures 8-10 Provide the corresponding simulation results. Figure 8 and Figure 9 Simulated curves showing the reflection coefficient (S11) and axial ratio perpendicular to the antenna aperture of the circularly polarized antenna element as a function of frequency are presented. Figure 8 As can be seen, within the frequency range of 25-29 GHz, S11 is less than -15 dB. From... Figure 9 As can be seen, in the frequency range of 25-29 GHz, the antenna axial ratio is less than 3 dB, and the axial ratio bandwidth is about 14.8%. Figure 10 The simulated curves of the axial ratio (perpendicular to the antenna aperture) of this circularly polarized antenna element as a function of the elevation angle (Theta) are shown. From... Figure 10 As can be seen, at the three frequency points of 25GHz, 27GHz, and 29GHz, with azimuth angles (Phi) of 0° and 90° respectively, the antenna axial ratio is less than 5dB within the elevation angle Theta range of ±70°. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna element provided in this application has a wider operating bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth compared to existing circularly polarized antenna elements, while its axial ratio beamwidth can cover the range of -70° to +70°.

[0055] While several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these details should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0056] Although this application has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological behavior, it should be understood that the application as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or behaviors described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized antenna element, characterized in that, include: First dielectric layer; The second dielectric layer is disposed opposite to the first dielectric layer; A grounding plate, located between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, has an annular slit with a notch on the side of the grounding plate away from the second dielectric layer; A radiating patch is located on the side of the first dielectric layer away from the ground plane; as well as A first feed line is located on the side of the second dielectric layer away from the ground plane. The first feed line has a first feed port configured to allow electromagnetic waves to enter the gap. The slit is configured to couple the electromagnetic wave to the radiating patch to generate a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.

2. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first feeder line has a first straight segment, and the first feeder port is located at one end of the first straight segment; The first projection of the first straight line segment on the ground intersects the gap at a first intersection point, and one end of the first projection is located outside the ring, while the other end is located inside the ring.

3. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The projection of the first feed port on the ground plane is located outside the ring, and the length of the portion of the projection of the first feed wire on the ground plane located inside the ring is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the first feed wire at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

4. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The projection of the first feed port on the ground plane is located inside the ring, and the length of the portion of the projection of the first feed wire on the ground plane located outside the ring is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the first feed wire at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

5. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The first projection intersects the gap perpendicularly at the first intersection point, and the angle between the first projection and the center line toward the gap is 90°-135°, wherein the center line is the line connecting the center point of the ring and the center point of the gap.

6. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the line connecting the two ends of the notch to the length of the gap is less than or equal to 0.

25.

7. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The length of the slot is approximately 1.5 times the slot waveguide wavelength at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

8. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The projection of the radiant patch onto the ground plane covers the inner edge of the gap.

9. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The center point of the projection of the radiation patch onto the ground plane coincides with the center point of the gap.

10. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is greater than that of the first dielectric layer.

11. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first dielectric layer is air.

12. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, It also includes a second feeder line, which is located on the side of the second dielectric layer away from the ground plane, and the second feeder line does not intersect with the first feeder line; The second feed line has a second feed port, which is configured to allow electromagnetic waves to enter the gap.

13. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The second feeder line has a second straight segment, and the second feeder port is located at one end of the second straight segment; The second projection of the second straight line segment on the ground intersects the gap at a second intersection point, and one end of the second projection is located outside the ring, while the other end is located inside the ring.

14. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The projection of the second feed port on the ground plane is located outside the ring, and the length of the portion of the projection of the second feed wire on the ground plane located inside the ring is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the second feed wire at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

15. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The projection of the second feed port on the ground plane is located inside the ring, and the length of the portion of the projection of the second feed wire on the ground plane located outside the ring is approximately one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength of the second feed wire at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna element.

16. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 13-15, characterized in that, The second projection intersects the gap perpendicularly at the second intersection point, and the angle between the second projection and the center line toward the gap is 90°-135°, wherein the center line is the line connecting the center point of the ring and the center point of the gap.

17. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 12-16, characterized in that, The first feeder line and the second feeder line are symmetrical about the center line, wherein the center line is the line connecting the center point of the ring and the center point of the gap.

18. The circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 17, characterized in that, The first feeder line also has a first broken line segment, which is connected to one end of the first straight line segment facing the inside of the ring; The second feeder line also has a second broken line segment, which is connected to one end of the second straight line segment facing the inside of the ring.

19. A phased array antenna, characterized in that, Includes the circularly polarized antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-18.

20. A terminal device, characterized in that, Includes the phased array antenna as described in claim 19.

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