Vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration biological filter wetland system

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system, which comprises a comprehensive water inlet pipe gallery arranged at the upstream of the wetland, a water outlet pool arranged at the downstream of the wetland and a lower microbial filter arranged between the comprehensive water inlet pipe gallery and the water outlet pool, and the top of the lower microbial filter is provided with an upper subsurface flow wetland structure; the comprehensive water inlet pipe gallery comprises a comprehensive water inlet pool with an opening facing upwards, and a plurality of columnar water inlet holes are formed in the side wall of the comprehensive water inlet pool close to the lower microbial filter; the lower microbial filter is filled with porous medium carrier fillings; the whole wetland system adopts a double-layer cooperative purification design, the lower microbial filter completes the core degradation of organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage, and the upper subsurface flow wetland structure performs deep purification on residual pollutants, so that the two layers of structures perform their respective functions and cooperatively treat the sewage, and the overall purification effect of the sewage and the pollutant removal rate are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological wetland technology, specifically to a vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of ecological wetland wastewater treatment, traditional treatment systems often employ subsurface flow wetlands or microbial filters independently, lacking a reasonable synergistic design. This results in limited wastewater purification efficiency and difficulty in achieving deep degradation of pollutants. Existing wetland systems only have simple filtration structures at the inlet, failing to achieve gradient interception of impurities of different particle sizes. This easily leads to blockage of subsequent pipes and packing layers, and the lack of effective real-time water quality monitoring mechanisms prevents dynamic adjustment of treatment strategies based on influent pollutant concentrations, resulting in a rigid treatment approach. Microbial filters typically use packing materials of a single particle size or ratio, with an unreasonable pore structure and a lack of water flow distribution and control mechanisms. The water infiltration path within the filter is fixed, hindering the treatment of high-pollution, high-carbon wastewater. The treatment efficiency of low-concentration wastewater varies greatly, and its adaptability is poor. The subsurface flow wetland has a simple packing layer configuration and mostly uses a single planting pattern, resulting in insufficient purification levels. In addition, the proportion of shallow-rooted plants is too high, and the purification effect drops significantly in low-temperature environments. At the same time, the subsurface flow velocity in the wetland cannot be precisely controlled, which easily leads to "short-flow phenomenon," resulting in insufficient contact between wastewater and packing material and plant roots, and incomplete degradation of residual pollutants. Direct influent flow into the filter bed can easily cause uneven water distribution, and high-speed water flow can also impact the packing layer, causing packing material loss or disordered distribution, affecting the purification effect of the filter bed. Furthermore, traditional systems lack a return flow treatment mechanism at the effluent end, and direct discharge of substandard water can easily cause secondary pollution, making it difficult to guarantee the effluent compliance rate.

[0003] To address the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies, there is an urgent need to design an ecological wetland system that is structurally coordinated, precisely regulated, highly efficient in purification, and highly adaptable, so as to achieve deep integration of microbial filter beds and subsurface flow wetlands, and at the same time solve problems such as influent filtration, water quality monitoring, water flow regulation, low temperature adaptation, and effluent recirculation, thereby improving the overall effect and practicality of sewage treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system, which is an ecological wetland system with synergistic structure, precise regulation, high purification efficiency and strong adaptability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system includes an integrated inlet pipe gallery located upstream of the wetland, an outlet pool located downstream of the wetland, and a lower microbial filter located between the integrated inlet pipe gallery and the outlet pool. The upper subsurface flow wetland structure is located on top of the lower microbial filter. The integrated water intake corridor includes an integrated water intake pool with its opening facing upwards. Multiple row-shaped water intake holes are opened on the side wall of the integrated water intake pool near the lower microbial filter. Multiple long-distance water intake delivery pipes extending into the lower microbial filter are provided at the bottom of the integrated water intake pool. The lower microbial filter is filled with porous media carrier packing material. The lower microbial filter is equipped with multiple biological filter baffles that are parallel to each other and arranged along the vertical plane. The biological filter baffles are perpendicular to the wetland water flow infiltration direction. The upper subsurface flow wetland structure includes multiple closely spaced subsurface flow wetland modules. Each subsurface flow wetland module includes a separate wetland module pool with its opening facing upwards. The separate wetland module pool is filled with a composite ecological cover layer.

[0006] Preferably, the integrated water intake tank is provided with a primary filtration mechanism, which includes multiple primary filter plates arranged horizontally near the top opening in the integrated water intake tank. The primary filter plates have multiple primary filter through holes that run vertically through them. Multiple primary filter plates are arranged vertically in the integrated water intake tank, and the pore size of the primary filter holes on each primary filter plate decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0007] Description: The primary filtration mechanism uses multiple horizontally arranged primary filter plates that are ordered vertically. Through the primary filter holes with progressively decreasing apertures from top to bottom, it achieves multi-stage gradient interception of suspended impurities in the incoming water. It can effectively filter impurities of different particle sizes, completely preventing large-particle impurities from entering subsequent pipes and lower microbial filter tanks and causing blockages. At the same time, the horizontally arranged filter plates will not excessively obstruct the water flow, maintaining a stable inlet water flow efficiency while ensuring filtration effect.

[0008] Preferably, an inlet monitoring mechanism is provided in the integrated inlet pool. The inlet monitoring mechanism includes an inlet monitoring support pipe that is fixed in the integrated inlet pool and extends vertically. Multiple monitoring and receiving partitions are fixed inside the inlet monitoring support pipe, and a monitoring and receiving chamber is formed between two adjacent monitoring and receiving partitions. The side wall of the water inlet monitoring support pipe is provided with a water flow hole that is connected to the monitoring chamber. Each monitoring chamber is equipped with a water quality monitoring sensor.

[0009] Note: The influent monitoring system can achieve stratified and multi-indicator real-time monitoring of the influent water. Compared with the traditional single-point monitoring method, the monitoring data is more comprehensive and accurate, and can promptly grasp the overall changes in the influent water quality. This provides accurate water quality data support for subsequent operations such as filter water flow distribution and subsurface flow velocity control, enabling the system to achieve water quality-adaptive dynamic purification. At the same time, the relatively closed monitoring chamber can provide a stable working environment for the sensors and extend their service life.

[0010] Preferably, the split-type water inlet is provided with a water inlet slow-flow mechanism, which includes multiple slow-flow baffles disposed in the split-type water inlet. The plane of the slow-flow baffle is perpendicular to the axial direction of the split-type water inlet, and multiple slow-flow holes are formed on the slow-flow baffle along the axial direction of the split-type water inlet.

[0011] Description: This inlet flow slowing mechanism features multiple slowing baffles perpendicular to the axis of the inlet holes within the split inlet holes. Water must pass through the slowing flow holes on each baffle in sequence before entering the lower microbial filter. This effectively reduces the flow velocity of the inlet water, preventing high-speed water from directly impacting the porous media carrier packing in the filter, thus preventing packing loss, uneven distribution, or pore blockage. At the same time, the multiple slowing baffles allow the water flow to be fully dispersed within the inlet holes, achieving uniform water distribution and ensuring balanced water intake in all areas of the lower microbial filter. This prevents excessive load on localized filter areas, improving the overall purification effect and service life of the filter.

[0012] Preferably, the biological filter partition is provided with a filter water flow distribution mechanism, and a split biological filter is formed between two adjacent biological filter partitions. The filter water flow distribution mechanism includes an upper water flow distribution pipe and a lower water flow distribution pipe respectively provided near the top and near the bottom of the biological filter partition. Both the upper and lower water flow distribution pipes are connected to the two adjacent separate biological filter tanks. An upper distribution control valve is installed on the upper water flow distribution pipe, and a lower distribution control valve is installed on the lower water flow distribution pipe.

[0013] Description: The filter water flow distribution mechanism is equipped with upper and lower water flow distribution pipes near the top and bottom of the biofilter partition, and is equipped with a distribution control valve with adjustable opening and closing degree. It can realize independent water flow exchange regulation between the top and bottom of adjacent separate biofilters. According to the pollutant concentration data of the influent monitoring device, the opening and closing degree of the control valve can be flexibly adjusted to change the water flow infiltration path and flow rate in the lower microbial filter. This design realizes the filter to accurately adapt to the treatment of different water quality wastewater, and greatly improves the treatment flexibility and applicability of the lower microbial filter.

[0014] Preferably, the composite ecological cover layer includes, from bottom to top, a bottom support layer, a middle composite layer, and a cover surface layer; The bottom support layer is made of gravel with a particle size of 15~30mm; The intermediate composite layer is composed of 10-15mm ceramsite, 5-10mm volcanic rock, and 5-8mm zeolite from bottom to top. A layer of permeable geotextile is laid between the ceramsite and volcanic rock, and between the volcanic rock and zeolite. It is paved with river pebbles with a surface diameter of 10-20mm.

[0015] Description: The composite ecological cover layer adopts a bottom-up gradient filler layer design. The particle size and type of filler in each layer can be flexibly adapted to the needs of water infiltration and pollutant adsorption. The permeable geotextile between the layers effectively avoids the mixing of different fillers, ensuring that each layer has independent functions, realizing the organic combination of sewage treatment and ecological landscape, and taking into account both purification function and ecological value.

[0016] Preferably, a subsurface flow control mechanism is provided between two adjacent wetland module sub-pools. The subsurface flow control mechanism includes a subsurface flow control partition disposed between the side walls of the two wetland module sub-pools perpendicular to the wetland subsurface flow direction. The subsurface flow control partition is placed along a vertical plane. The subsurface flow control partition has a sliding plate connecting cavity inside. A subsurface flow sliding control plate is slidably disposed in the sliding plate connecting cavity along the vertical direction. The subsurface flow control baffle has multiple subsurface flow conveying holes that are perpendicular to its vertical plane, and the subsurface flow sliding control plate has multiple subsurface flow control mating holes that are connected along both sides. The sidewall of the wetland module split pool perpendicular to the direction of wetland undercurrent flow is a porous, hollow structure with internal and external connections. A lifting drive fixed cylinder with an upward opening is fixed to the top of the subsurface control baffle. A lifting drive sliding cylinder with a downward opening is slidably fitted on the lifting drive fixed cylinder. The lifting drive sliding cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the subsurface sliding control plate through a lifting drive connecting rod. The lifting drive fixed cylinder is equipped with a submersible control drive rod for driving the lifting drive sliding cylinder to move up and down. The submersible control drive rod is an existing electric telescopic rod driven by a servo motor. The outer end of the submersible control drive rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting drive fixed cylinder, and the inner end of the submersible control drive rod is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting drive sliding cylinder.

[0017] Explanation: By sliding the subsurface flow control plate vertically, the overlap between the subsurface flow conveying orifice and the subsurface flow control orifice is adjusted to achieve precise electronic control of the opening and closing of the subsurface flow channel. This allows for flexible control of the subsurface flow speed and flow rate between adjacent wetland module pools. The subsurface flow speed can be adjusted according to the concentration of residual pollutants in the wastewater, effectively avoiding the "short-flow phenomenon" caused by excessively fast subsurface flow. This ensures that the wastewater is in full contact with the composite ecological cover layer and plant roots, thereby improving the purification effect of the subsurface flow wetland.

[0018] Preferably, the porous media carrier packing material is divided into a bottom layer, a middle layer, and an upper layer from bottom to top in the lower microbial filter tank; The bottom layer of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 20~30mm; The middle layer of the filler is composed of ceramsite with a particle size of 20-30mm and ceramsite with a particle size of 5-10mm, which are uniformly mixed and laid in a volume ratio of 3:1. The upper layer of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 5-10mm and volcanic rock with a particle size of 5-10mm, which are uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and laid out.

[0019] Description: The porous media carrier packing adopts a bottom-up gradient layered design. The bottom layer of the packing consists of large-diameter ceramsite to ensure smooth water flow at the bottom of the filter bed and prevent water accumulation and packing layer blockage. The middle layer of the packing consists of a mixture of large and small-diameter ceramsite, forming a gradient pore structure that provides more attachment sites for microorganisms while maintaining stable water flow efficiency. The top layer of the packing consists of a mixture of small-diameter ceramsite and volcanic rock. The porous structure of the volcanic rock further enhances the amount of microorganisms attached, and the synergistic effect of ceramsite and volcanic rock adapts to the living environment of different functional microorganisms such as heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria, enhancing the degradation and fixation effect of microorganisms on organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The layered design creates a gradient in the porosity and microorganism attachment of the packing layer from top to bottom, which is highly compatible with the bottom-up infiltration direction of the water body, greatly improving the overall degradation efficiency of the microbial filter.

[0020] Preferably, an effluent return pump is installed at the bottom of the effluent pool, and the output end of the effluent return pump is connected to the interior of the integrated influent pool through a remote return pipe. An auxiliary water delivery pump is installed near the top of the water outlet pool, and an auxiliary water discharge pipe is installed at the output end of the auxiliary water delivery pump.

[0021] Note: The effluent tank adopts a dual-pump, separately controlled effluent mode. The effluent auxiliary transfer pump is located near the top in the qualified water zone, which can quickly discharge the purified water that meets the standards into natural water bodies or reuse processes through the effluent auxiliary discharge pipe, ensuring the system's wastewater treatment efficiency. The effluent return transfer pump is located at the bottom of the tank, which can transport water that does not meet the water quality test to the upstream integrated intake tank through a remote return pipe, achieving cyclic purification treatment until the water quality meets the standards. This effectively avoids secondary pollution caused by the direct discharge of non-compliant water and significantly improves the system's effluent qualification rate.

[0022] Preferably, the bottom of the lower microbial filter is provided with a sludge sedimentation tank, and a sedimentation discharge pipe is laid at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank. A sedimentation discharge collection tank with an upward opening is provided on one side of the effluent tank. One end of the sedimentation discharge pipe is connected to the inside of the sedimentation discharge collection tank through a sedimentation discharge pump pipe. A sludge conveying pump is provided on the sedimentation discharge pump pipe. Multiple small holes connected to the inside of the sludge sedimentation tank are opened at the bottom of the lower microbial filter. Multiple sedimentation conveying holes are provided on the side wall of the sedimentation outlet pipe and are connected to its interior.

[0023] Explanation: The small holes at the bottom of the lower microbial filter allow solid pollutants such as aging and detached biofilm, unintercepted fine suspended particles, and microbial metabolic byproducts to continuously settle into the sludge sedimentation tank below under gravity, achieving solid-liquid separation. This prevents pollutants from accumulating at the bottom of the porous media carrier packing, thus preventing pore blockage and maintaining stable water flow efficiency and a suitable environment for microbial attachment and growth within the lower microbial filter.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects: 1. The present invention is reasonably designed. The wetland adopts a two-layer synergistic purification design with a lower microbial filter and an upper subsurface flow wetland structure. This achieves deep synergy between microbial degradation and plant packing purification. The lower microbial filter completes the core degradation of organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the sewage, while the upper subsurface flow wetland structure performs deep purification of residual pollutants. The two layers perform their respective functions and work together to significantly improve the overall purification effect and pollutant removal rate of the sewage. 2. The water inlet of this invention is equipped with a multi-stage gradient primary filtration mechanism, which effectively intercepts impurities of different particle sizes, preventing blockage of subsequent pipes and packing layers from the source. Combined with a multi-level inlet water monitoring mechanism, it realizes real-time and comprehensive monitoring of inlet water quality, providing accurate data support for subsequent water flow distribution, subsurface flow control and other operations, and realizing dynamic and intelligent purification of the system. 3. The water flow control of this invention is precise and can be well adapted to different water quality treatments. The inlet slow flow mechanism can achieve uniform water distribution and avoid the porous media carrier packing being impacted by the water flow. The filter water flow distribution mechanism can regulate the water flow infiltration path and flow rate in the lower microbial filter. The subsurface flow control mechanism can precisely regulate the subsurface flow speed and flow rate. The two work together to flexibly adjust the treatment strategy according to the concentration of pollutants in the inlet water, realize the adaptive treatment of high and low concentration sewage, and solve the problem of rigid treatment methods in traditional systems. 4. The porous media carrier packing of the present invention adopts a gradient layered ratio design, which can well adapt to the survival and attachment of different functional microorganisms, enhance the core degradation effect, and the composite ecological cover layer adopts a gradient packing and deep and shallow root plant three-dimensional planting mode, which can realize multi-layer adsorption of pollutants, while improving the low temperature adaptability of the system, ensuring the purification effect in low temperature environment, and also having ecological landscape value. 5. The closed-loop effluent design of this invention can effectively avoid secondary pollution. The effluent tank adopts a dual-pump separate control design for reflux and discharge. The qualified water is quickly discharged, and the unqualified water is circulated and purified through a remote reflux pipe until the water quality meets the standards, forming a closed-loop sewage treatment mode. This effectively avoids secondary pollution caused by the direct discharge of unqualified water and greatly improves the effluent qualification rate of the system. 6. The system of the present invention adopts a modular design for each component. The integrated inlet pipe gallery, the lower microbial filter, the upper subsurface flow wetland structure and the outlet pool are independent yet coordinated. Each functional component can be disassembled, replaced and maintained individually, making operation convenient and reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, the number of modules can be flexibly adjusted according to the scale of sewage treatment, making it highly adaptable and widely applicable to sewage treatment in different scenarios such as rivers, lakes, residential areas and industrial parks. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the primary filtration mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water ingress monitoring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water outlet pool of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the porous media carrier packing of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow distribution mechanism for the filter bed of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the subsurface flow wetland module of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet slow-flow mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the subsurface flow control mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram, 10-integrated inlet pipe gallery, 11-integrated inlet pool, 12-separated inlet holes, 13-long-distance inlet delivery pipe, 14-primary filtration mechanism, 141-primary filter plate, 1410-primary filter through hole, 15-inlet water monitoring mechanism, 151-inlet water monitoring support pipe, 152-monitoring containment partition, 153-monitoring containment chamber, 154-monitoring water flow hole, 155-inlet water quality monitoring sensor, 20-outlet pool. 21-Effluent return pump, 210-Remote return pipe, 22-Auxiliary effluent pump, 220-Auxiliary effluent drain pipe, 30-Lower microbial filter, 301-Biological filter baffle, 300-Separate biological filter, 31-Porous media carrier packing, 311-Bottom packing layer, 312-Middle packing layer, 313-Upper packing layer, 32-Filter water flow distribution mechanism, 321-Upper water flow distribution pipe, 3210-Upper distribution control valve 322-Lower water flow distribution pipe, 3220-Lower distribution control valve, 40-Upper subsurface flow wetland structure, 41-Subsurface flow wetland module, 410-Wetland module separate pool, 42-Composite ecological cover layer, 421-Bottom support layer, 422-Middle composite layer, 423-Cover surface layer, 50-Inlet slow flow mechanism, 51-Slow flow barrier plate, 510-Slow flow orifice, 60-Subsurface flow control mechanism, 61-Subsurface flow control baffle plate, 610 - Sliding plate connecting cavity, 611- Subsurface flow conveying circulation hole, 62- Subsurface flow sliding control plate, 621- Subsurface flow control mating hole, 631- Lifting drive fixed cylinder, 632- Lifting drive sliding cylinder, 633- Lifting drive connecting rod, 634- Subsurface flow control drive rod, 70- Sludge sedimentation tank, 71- Sedimentation discharge pipe, 710- Sedimentation conveying circulation hole, 72- Sedimentation discharge collection tank, 73- Sedimentation discharge pumping pipe, 74- Sludge conveying pump. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following is combined with Figures 1-10 The present invention will be described in detail. For ease of description, the orientations mentioned below are defined as follows: The directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back mentioned below are consistent with the directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back in the projection relationship of the respective main view or structural schematic diagram.

[0028] Example 1: Vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland systems, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an integrated water intake pipe gallery 10 located upstream of the wetland, an outlet pool 20 located downstream of the wetland, and a lower microbial filter pool 30 located between the integrated water intake pipe gallery 10 and the outlet pool 20. The lower microbial filter pool 30 is topped with an upper subsurface flow wetland structure 40. The integrated water intake corridor 10 includes an integrated water intake pool 11 with its opening facing upwards. Multiple row-type water intake holes 12 are provided on the side wall of the integrated water intake pool 11 near the lower microbial filter 30. Multiple remote water intake delivery pipes 13 extending into the lower microbial filter 30 are provided at the bottom of the integrated water intake pool 11. The lower microbial filter 30 is filled with porous media carrier packing 31. The lower microbial filter 30 is provided with multiple parallel biological filter partitions 301 arranged along the vertical plane. The biological filter partitions 301 are perpendicular to the wetland water flow infiltration direction. The inlet remote delivery pipe 13 is equipped with multiple remote discharge short pipes 131 that are connected to its interior. The remote discharge short pipes 131 are arranged one-to-one between the partition plates 301 of each adjacent biological filter. like Figure 6 As shown, the porous media carrier packing 31 is divided into a bottom layer 311, a middle layer 312, and an upper layer 313 from bottom to top in the lower microbial filter 30. The thickness ratio of the bottom layer 311, the middle layer 312, and the top layer 313 of the packing is 5:3:3; The bottom layer of filler 311 is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 20~30mm; The middle layer 312 of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 20~30mm and ceramsite with a particle size of 5~10mm, which are uniformly mixed and laid in a volume ratio of 3:1. The upper layer 313 of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 5~10mm and volcanic rock with a particle size of 5~10mm, which are uniformly mixed and laid in a volume ratio of 1:1. The upper subsurface flow wetland structure 40 includes multiple closely arranged subsurface flow wetland modules 41. Each subsurface flow wetland module 41 includes a wetland module split pool 410 with its opening facing upwards. The wetland module split pool 410 is filled with a composite ecological cover layer 42. like Figure 8 As shown, the composite ecological cover layer 42 includes, from bottom to top, a bottom support layer 421, a middle composite layer 422, and a cover surface layer 423. The thickness ratio of the bottom support layer 421, the intermediate composite layer 422 and the covering surface layer 423 is 2:3:1; The bottom support layer 421 is made of gravel with a particle size of 15~30mm; The intermediate composite layer 422 is composed of 10-15mm ceramsite, 5-10mm volcanic rock, and 5-8mm zeolite from bottom to top. A layer of permeable geotextile is laid between the ceramsite and volcanic rock, and between the volcanic rock and zeolite. The thickness ratio of ceramsite, volcanic rock and zeolite in the intermediate composite layer 422 is 3:2:2; The surface is covered with 423 river pebbles with a particle size of 10~20mm; In the composite ecological cover layer 42, 60% of the plants are deep-rooted plants with a root depth of 1.0-1.5m, including reeds, cattails, and sweet flag; and 40% of the plants are shallow-rooted cold-resistant plants with a root depth of 0.5-0.8m, including Siberian iris, loosestrife, and water onion.

[0029] Example 2: Based on Example 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, a primary filtration mechanism 14 is provided in the integrated water intake tank 11. The primary filtration mechanism 14 includes multiple primary filter plates 141 arranged horizontally near the top opening in the integrated water intake tank 11. The primary filter plates 141 have multiple primary filter through holes 1410 that extend vertically through the primary filter. Multiple primary filter plates 141 are arranged vertically in the integrated water inlet tank 11, and the diameter of the primary filter holes 1410 on each primary filter plate 141 decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0030] Example 3: Based on Example 2, such as Figure 1 As shown, the integrated inlet pool 11 is equipped with an inlet water monitoring device 15, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the water inlet monitoring mechanism 15 includes a water inlet monitoring support pipe 151 that is fixed in the integrated water inlet pool 11 and extends vertically. Multiple monitoring and receiving partitions 152 are fixed inside the water inlet monitoring support pipe 151, and a monitoring and receiving chamber 153 is formed between two adjacent monitoring and receiving partitions 152. The side wall of the water inlet monitoring support pipe 151 is provided with a water flow hole 154 that communicates with the monitoring containment chamber 153. Each monitoring containment chamber 153 is provided with a water quality monitoring sensor 155.

[0031] Example 4: Based on Example 3, such as Figure 9 As shown, a water inlet slowing mechanism 50 is provided inside the split-type water inlet hole 12. The water inlet slowing mechanism 50 includes multiple slowing flow baffles 51 disposed inside the split-type water inlet hole 12. The plane of the slowing flow baffles 51 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the split-type water inlet hole 12. Multiple slowing flow holes 510 are provided on the slowing flow baffles 51 that pass through the axial direction of the split-type water inlet hole 12.

[0032] Example 5: Based on Example 4, a filter water flow distribution mechanism 32 is provided on the biological filter partition 301, and a split biological filter 300 is formed between two adjacent biological filter partitions 301. The filter water flow distribution mechanism 32 includes an upper water flow distribution pipe 321 and a lower water flow distribution pipe 322 respectively provided near the top and near the bottom of the biological filter partition 301. Both the upper water flow distribution pipe 321 and the lower water flow distribution pipe 322 are connected to the two adjacent separate biological filter tanks 300. An upper distribution control valve 3210 is provided on the upper water flow distribution pipe 321, and a lower distribution control valve 3220 is provided on the lower water flow distribution pipe 322.

[0033] Example 6: Based on Example 5, such as Figure 10 As shown, a subsurface flow control mechanism 60 is provided between two adjacent wetland module sub-pools 410. The subsurface flow control mechanism 60 includes a subsurface flow control partition 61 disposed between the side walls of the two wetland module sub-pools 410 perpendicular to the wetland subsurface flow direction. The subsurface flow control partition 61 is placed along a vertical plane. The subsurface flow control partition 61 has a sliding plate connecting cavity 610 inside. A subsurface flow sliding control plate 62 is slidably fitted in the sliding plate connecting cavity 610 along the vertical direction. The subsurface flow control baffle 61 has multiple subsurface flow conveying holes 611 that are perpendicular to its vertical plane, and the subsurface flow sliding control plate 62 has multiple subsurface flow control mating holes 621 that are through both sides. The sidewall of the wetland module split pool 410, perpendicular to the direction of wetland undercurrent flow, is a porous, hollow structure with internal and external connections. A lifting drive fixed cylinder 631 with an upward opening is fixed on the top of the subsurface control baffle 61. A lifting drive sliding cylinder 632 with a downward opening is slidably fitted on the lifting drive fixed cylinder 631. The lifting drive sliding cylinder 632 is fixedly connected to the top of the subsurface sliding control plate 62 through a lifting drive connecting rod 633. The lifting drive fixed cylinder 631 is provided with a submerged flow control drive rod 634 for driving the lifting drive sliding cylinder 632 to move up and down. The submerged flow control drive rod 634 is an existing electric telescopic rod driven by a servo motor. The outer rod end of the submerged flow control drive rod 634 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting drive fixed cylinder 631, and the inner rod end of the submerged flow control drive rod 634 is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting drive sliding cylinder 632.

[0034] Example 7: Based on Example 6, such as Figure 5 As shown, a water return pump 21 is provided at the bottom of the water outlet pool 20. The output end of the water return pump 21 is connected to the interior of the integrated water inlet pool 11 through a remote return pipe 210. An auxiliary water delivery pump 22 is installed near the top of the water outlet pool 20, and an auxiliary water discharge pipe 220 is installed at the output end of the auxiliary water delivery pump 22.

[0035] Example 8: Based on Example 7, such as Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the lower microbial filter 30 is equipped with a sludge sedimentation tank 70. A sedimentation discharge pipe 71 is laid at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank 70. A sedimentation discharge collection tank 72 with an upward opening is provided on one side of the effluent tank 20. One end of the sedimentation discharge pipe 71 is connected to the inside of the sedimentation discharge collection tank 72 through a sedimentation discharge pump pipe 73. A sludge conveying pump 74 is provided on the sedimentation discharge pump pipe 73. The bottom of the lower microbial filter 30 has multiple small holes with a diameter of 10mm that are connected to the inside of the sludge sedimentation tank 70. The sedimentation discharge pipe 71 has multiple sedimentation transport and flow holes 710 on its side wall that are connected to its interior.

[0036] In practical application, the polluted initial water flows in from the top of the integrated water inlet tank 11 and is filtered by multiple primary filter plates 141 to intercept larger debris in the water and prevent blockage of subsequent pipes. The water body in the integrated water intake pool 11 is monitored by the water inlet monitoring device 15. The water body can enter the monitoring and receiving chamber 153 through the monitoring water flow hole 154. The water quality monitoring sensor 155 in the chamber is used to monitor the water quality in real time, so as to facilitate real-time control of the changes in the water quality. The water quality monitoring sensor 155 includes existing water temperature sensor, pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, conductivity sensor, turbidity sensor, oxidation-reduction potential sensor, chemical oxygen demand sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor, total phosphorus sensor, total nitrogen sensor, and suspended solids sensor. Water in the integrated inlet tank 11 enters the lower microbial filter tank 30 through the various inlet holes 12. The bottom of the wetland module split tank 410 has multiple 2mm permeation holes. Water in the lower microbial filter tank 30 can enter the interior of each wetland module split tank 410 from bottom to top through the permeation holes at the bottom of the wetland module split tank 410. Water in each wetland module split tank 410 can also permeate horizontally along the direction from the integrated inlet tank 11 to the outlet tank 20. The water in the integrated inlet pool 11 can also enter the inlet remote delivery pipe 13 and enter each separate biological filter pool 300 through each remote discharge short pipe 131; The side wall of the effluent pool 20 near the lower microbial filter pool 30 has multiple effluent communication holes that are connected to the lower microbial filter pool 30. After the water is purified by the wetland as a whole, it finally enters the effluent pool 20 through the effluent communication holes. The water collected in the effluent pool 20 can be directly discharged into rivers and lakes. In each of the 300 separate biological filters, the expanded clay and volcanic rock work together to provide attachment sites for functional microorganisms such as heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. The microorganisms form a biofilm on the surface of the packing material and decompose organic pollutants in the wastewater into CO2 and H2O through physiological processes such as aerobic respiration and anaerobic denitrification. They also convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate and nitrite and then reduce it to N2 for release. At the same time, they adsorb and fix phosphorus elements, thus completing the core degradation of pollutants. The filter water flow distribution mechanism 32 of the biofilter partition 301 provides regulation for the water flow exchange of each separate biofilter 300. The upper water flow distribution pipe 321 and the lower water flow distribution pipe 322 connect adjacent separate biofilters 300. According to the influent water quality monitoring data, the opening degree of the upper distribution control valve 3210 and the lower distribution control valve 3220 can be adjusted to change the infiltration path and flow rate of the water in the lower microbial filter 30 near the top and near the bottom. For example, when encountering high-concentration organic wastewater, the flow rate of the upper water flow distribution pipe 321 can be increased while the flow rate of the lower water flow distribution pipe 322 can be reduced, prolonging the residence time of wastewater in the porous media carrier packing 31 and improving the microbial degradation efficiency. When encountering low-concentration wastewater, the flow rate of the upper water flow distribution pipe 321 and the lower water flow distribution pipe 322 can be increased at the same time to improve the treatment efficiency and achieve better water quality-adaptive purification. After the water seeps into the wetland module split pool 410 from bottom to top, the composite ecological cover layer 42 is planted with aquatic plants in a ratio of 60% deep-rooted plants and 40% shallow-rooted cold-resistant plants, forming a three-dimensional plant purification system. It can work with rhizosphere microorganisms to complete the degradation of pollutants. The roots of the deep-rooted plants penetrate deep into the composite ecological cover layer 42. They can not only directly absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the sewage for their own growth, but also form an aerobic-anaerobic alternating micro-ecological environment around the roots through rhizosphere oxygen secretion, providing survival conditions for various types of microorganisms and promoting the degradation of residual pollutants by rhizosphere microorganisms. Shallow-rooted, cold-resistant plants cover the surface layer 423, which can not only absorb pollutants in the surface water, but also improve the cold resistance of the system, ensure the purification effect in low-temperature environments, and at the same time play an ecological landscape role. Furthermore, the subsurface flow control mechanism 60 between two adjacent wetland module split pools 410 can achieve precise control of the subsurface flow velocity and flow rate within the wetland, ensuring the effective residence time of the water within the wetland. The sidewall of the wetland module split pool 410 perpendicular to the subsurface flow direction has a porous and hollow structure, allowing sewage to flow orderly between adjacent subsurface flow wetland modules 41. When the subsurface flow conveying hole 611 and the subsurface flow control mating hole 621 are coaxially aligned, a subsurface flow channel can be formed. When the subsurface flow conveying hole 611 and the subsurface flow control mating hole 621 are misaligned, the opening and closing degree of the subsurface flow channel can be controlled. The extension or retraction of the inner rod of the submersible control drive rod 634 can drive the lifting drive fixed cylinder 631 to rise or fall. The lifting drive fixed cylinder 631 then drives the submersible sliding control plate 62 to rise or fall together with it through the lifting drive connecting rod 633. The submersible sliding control plate 62 in the submersible control partition 61 slides up or down in the vertical direction, thereby controlling the degree of overlap between the submersible conveying flow hole 611 and the submersible control mating hole 621, which determines the opening and closing degree of the submersible channel. Based on the influent water quality and the effluent from the filter, the opening and closing degree of the subsurface flow channel is adjusted to control the subsurface flow velocity. When encountering wastewater with high concentrations of residual pollutants, the opening and closing degree is reduced to extend the retention time. When encountering wastewater with low concentrations, the opening and closing degree is increased to improve treatment efficiency. At the same time, this design can avoid the "short-flow phenomenon" caused by excessively fast subsurface flow velocity, ensuring that the wastewater is in full contact with the packing material and plant roots, thereby achieving effective purification of polluted water bodies.

[0037] The water body that meets the water quality standards after purification is discharged by the auxiliary water delivery pump 22 in the water outlet tank 20 into natural water bodies or subsequent reuse stages through the auxiliary water outlet pipe 220. Non-compliant water recycling: The effluent recycling pump 21 installed at the bottom of the effluent pool 20 can transport the non-compliant water back to the upstream integrated intake pool 11 through the remote recycling pipe 210 if the effluent water quality test fails to meet the discharge standards. The water will then re-enter the system to complete the full-process recycling treatment until the water quality meets the standards, thus avoiding the direct discharge of non-compliant water and preventing wider water pollution.

[0038] The small holes at the bottom of the lower microbial filter 30 allow solid pollutants such as aged and detached biofilm, unintercepted fine suspended particles, and microbial metabolic byproducts to continuously settle into the sludge sedimentation tank 70 below under gravity, achieving solid-liquid separation. This prevents pollutants from accumulating at the bottom of the porous media carrier packing 31, thus preventing pore blockage and maintaining a stable water flow efficiency and microbial attachment and growth environment within the lower microbial filter 30. The sedimentation discharge pipe 71 laid at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank 70 has multiple sets of sedimentation conveying flow holes 710 evenly opened on its side wall, which can make the sludge deposited at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank 70 flow evenly into the sedimentation discharge pipe 71, avoiding local sludge caking and accumulation. The sludge is provided with conveying power by the sludge conveying pump 74, and the collected sludge is continuously conveyed to the sedimentation discharge collection tank 72 for centralized treatment through the sedimentation discharge pumping pipe 73.

Claims

1. A vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system, characterized in that, It includes an integrated water intake pipe gallery (10) located upstream of the wetland, an outlet pool (20) located downstream of the wetland, and a lower microbial filter (30) located between the integrated water intake pipe gallery (10) and the outlet pool (20). The lower microbial filter (30) is provided with an upper subsurface flow wetland structure (40) on top. The integrated water intake corridor (10) includes an integrated water intake pool (11) with its opening facing upwards. The integrated water intake pool (11) has multiple row-type water intake holes (12) on its side wall near the lower microbial filter (30). The bottom of the integrated water intake pool (11) is provided with multiple water intake remote delivery pipes (13) extending into the lower microbial filter (30). The lower microbial filter (30) is filled with porous media carrier packing (31), and the lower microbial filter (30) is provided with multiple biological filter partitions (301) that are parallel to each other and arranged along the vertical plane. The biological filter partitions (301) are perpendicular to the wetland water flow infiltration direction. The upper subsurface flow wetland structure (40) includes multiple closely arranged subsurface flow wetland modules (41), each subsurface flow wetland module (41) including a wetland module split pool (410) with its opening facing upwards, and the wetland module split pool (410) is filled with a composite ecological cover layer (42).

2. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated water intake tank (11) is provided with a primary filtration mechanism (14). The primary filtration mechanism (14) includes multiple primary filter plates (141) arranged horizontally near the top opening in the integrated water intake tank (11). The primary filter plates (141) have multiple primary filter through holes (1410) that run vertically through the primary filter. Multiple primary filter plates (141) are arranged vertically in the integrated water inlet tank (11), and the aperture of the primary filter through holes (1410) on each primary filter plate (141) decreases sequentially from top to bottom.

3. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated water intake pool (11) is equipped with a water intake monitoring mechanism (15). The water intake monitoring mechanism (15) includes a water intake monitoring support pipe (151) that is fixed in the integrated water intake pool (11) and extends vertically. Multiple monitoring and receiving partitions (152) are fixed in the water intake monitoring support pipe (151). A monitoring and receiving chamber (153) is formed between two adjacent monitoring and receiving partitions (152). The side wall of the water inlet monitoring support pipe (151) is provided with a monitoring water flow hole (154) that communicates with the monitoring containment chamber (153). Each monitoring containment chamber (153) is provided with a water quality monitoring sensor (155).

4. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split-type water inlet (12) is provided with a water inlet slow flow mechanism (50), which includes multiple slow flow baffles (51) disposed in the split-type water inlet (12). The plane of the slow flow baffles (51) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the split-type water inlet (12), and multiple slow flow holes (510) are provided on the slow flow baffles (51) that extend along the axial direction of the split-type water inlet (12).

5. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological filter partition (301) is provided with a filter water flow distribution mechanism (32), and a split biological filter (300) is formed between two adjacent biological filter partitions (301). The filter water flow distribution mechanism (32) includes an upper water flow distribution pipe (321) and a lower water flow distribution pipe (322) respectively disposed near the top and near the bottom of the biological filter partition (301). The upper water flow distribution pipe (321) and the lower water flow distribution pipe (322) are both connected to the two adjacent split biological filter tanks (300); The upper water flow distribution pipe (321) is provided with an upper distribution control valve (3210), and the lower water flow distribution pipe (322) is provided with a lower distribution control valve (3220).

6. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite ecological cover layer (42) includes, from bottom to top, a bottom support layer (421), a middle composite layer (422), and a cover surface layer (423). The bottom support layer (421) is made of gravel with a particle size of 15~30mm; The intermediate composite layer (422) is composed of 10-15 mm ceramsite, 5-10 mm volcanic rock, and 5-8 mm zeolite from bottom to top, and a layer of permeable geotextile is laid between the ceramsite and volcanic rock, and between the volcanic rock and zeolite. The surface covering (423) is made of river pebbles with a particle size of 10~20mm.

7. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A subsurface flow control mechanism (60) is provided between two adjacent wetland module split pools (410). The subsurface flow control mechanism (60) includes a subsurface flow control partition (61) disposed between the side walls of the two wetland module split pools (410) perpendicular to the wetland subsurface flow direction. The subsurface flow control partition (61) is placed along a vertical plane. The subsurface flow control partition (61) has a sliding plate connecting cavity (610) inside. A subsurface flow sliding control plate (62) is slidably fitted in the sliding plate connecting cavity (610) along the vertical direction. The subsurface flow control baffle (61) has multiple subsurface flow conveying holes (611) that are perpendicular to its vertical plane, and the subsurface flow sliding control plate (62) has multiple subsurface flow control mating holes (621) that are through both sides. The sidewall of the wetland module split pool (410) perpendicular to the wetland undercurrent flow direction is a porous hollow structure with internal and external connections. The top of the subsurface control baffle (61) is fixed with an upward-facing lifting drive fixed cylinder (631), and the lifting drive fixed cylinder (631) is slidably fitted with a downward-facing lifting drive sliding cylinder (632). The lifting drive sliding cylinder (632) is fixedly connected to the top of the subsurface sliding control plate (62) through a lifting drive connecting rod (633). The lifting drive fixed cylinder (631) is provided with a submersible control drive rod (634) for driving the lifting drive sliding cylinder (632) to move up and down.

8. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous media carrier packing (31) is divided into a bottom layer (311), a middle layer (312) and an upper layer (313) from bottom to top in the lower microbial filter (30). The bottom layer of the filler (311) is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 20~30mm; The middle layer (312) of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 20~30mm and ceramsite with a particle size of 5~10mm, which are uniformly mixed and laid in a volume ratio of 3:1; The upper layer (313) of the filler is made of ceramsite with a particle size of 5~10mm and volcanic rock with a particle size of 5~10mm, which are uniformly mixed and laid in a volume ratio of 1:

1.

9. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the outlet pool (20) is provided with an outlet return pump (21), and the output end of the outlet return pump (21) is connected to the interior of the integrated inlet pool (11) through a remote return pipe (210); An auxiliary water delivery pump (22) is provided near the top of the water outlet pool (20), and an auxiliary water discharge pipe (220) is provided at the output end of the auxiliary water delivery pump (22).

10. The vertical subsurface flow and intermittent aeration microbial filter wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower microbial filter (30) is provided with a sludge sedimentation tank (70) at the bottom. A sedimentation discharge pipe (71) is laid at the bottom of the sludge sedimentation tank (70). A sedimentation discharge collection tank (72) with its opening facing upward is provided on one side of the effluent tank (20). One end of the sedimentation discharge pipe (71) is connected to the interior of the sedimentation discharge collection tank (72) through a sedimentation discharge pump pipe (73). A sludge conveying pump (74) is provided on the sedimentation discharge pump pipe (73). The lower microbial filter (30) has multiple small holes at the bottom that are connected to the interior of the sludge sedimentation tank (70). The sediment discharge pipe (71) has multiple sediment transport and flow holes (710) on its side wall that are connected to its interior.

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