A high efficiency heat dissipation cable system for electrolytic cells

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-efficiency heat dissipation cable systems for electrolytic cell, including cable core, heat dissipation shell, adaptive support device, cooling circulation system and intelligent monitoring unit.Adaptive support device is located between line core to form variable gap.Shape memory alloy element is contained for driving line core in shell according to temperature to realize position arrangement;Spiral cooling flow channel is arranged on heat dissipation shell, and the inner wall is provided with turbulence structure, and the flow channel is filled with insulating cooling liquid;Intelligent monitoring unit is integrated with temperature control module and safety monitoring module, for real-time monitoring system operating state.The application realizes the adaptive adjustment of heat dissipation channel by shape memory alloy, strengthens heat exchange by spiral structure and turbulence flow channel, realizes electromagnetic current equalization by combining non-magnetic shell, and integrates multi-parameter intelligent monitoring, solves the problem of serious temperature rise of large current cable, electromagnetic vibration and poor safety. Realize the efficient adaptive heat dissipation, electromagnetic compatibility and safety warning of cable system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-current electrical connection technology in electrolytic metallurgy, hydrogen production, and other fields, and specifically to a high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for electrolytic cells. Background Technology

[0002] High-power water electrolysis hydrogen production systems have large operating currents and long operating times, and the power supply cables suffer from problems such as severe overheating, concentrated hot spots, significant electromagnetic vibration, easy aging of insulation, and easy burning of joints.

[0003] Traditional cable layouts are dense, leading to severe heat buildup; they lack temperature-adaptive regulation structures, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency; high-current alternating magnetic fields generate electromagnetic forces, causing cable vibration, which leads to loose joints and insulation wear; conventional cooling methods lack intelligent control, resulting in high cooling energy consumption and poor temperature control accuracy; at the same time, they lack safety protection measures such as leakage and insulation monitoring, resulting in insufficient system reliability.

[0004] Existing technologies fail to integrate adaptive support, spiral enhanced heat dissipation, spiral liquid cooling, electromagnetic vibration reduction, intelligent temperature control, safety monitoring, and joint enhanced heat dissipation to a high degree, thus failing to meet the requirements for long-term, efficient, and safe operation of electrolytic cells.

[0005] For the reasons mentioned above, it is necessary to propose a high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for electrolytic cells to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for electrolytic cells.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell, comprising: The heat dissipation housing is a hollow tubular structure that is fitted over the outside of the cable core and is made of non-magnetic material; the heat dissipation housing is a sealed structure as a whole, and a heat dissipation cavity is formed between its inner wall and the cable core. An adaptive support device is installed inside the heat dissipation cavity to support the cable core and create a variable gap between the cable cores or between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing. The cooling circulation system includes a spiral cooling channel disposed inside the heat dissipation housing, which is thermally coupled to the heat dissipation housing and is used to introduce insulating coolant to remove heat. The intelligent monitoring unit includes a temperature control module and a safety monitoring module. The temperature control module consists of temperature sensors and controllers distributed at the cable temperature measurement points, while the safety monitoring module consists of an insulation conductivity monitoring unit and a leakage monitoring sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the cable core is covered with a cable sheath microstructure heat dissipation layer on the conductor surface. The microstructure heat dissipation layer consists of multiple microgrooves or microbumps formed by laser etching or molding, with a depth or height of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the adaptive support device includes a core support member supported by a shape memory alloy, wherein the core support member is arranged in a spiral coil on the outer wall of the core cable. The cable core support includes an inner spiral band, an outer spiral band, and deformation support ribs. Several V-shaped deformation support ribs are evenly spaced between the inner and outer spiral bands. One end of each deformation support rib is connected to the inner spiral band, and the other end is connected to the outer spiral band. The outer spiral band has a mesh structure, which gives it axial elongation freedom. When the cable core is at low temperature, the deformation support rib is in a contracted state, and the outer spiral band is close to the inner spiral band; When the cable core is at high temperature, the deformation support ribs elongate, pushing the outer spiral band away from the inner spiral band, thus increasing the gap between two adjacent cable cores.

[0010] Furthermore, the adaptive support device is provided with a support foot between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing. The support foot includes a shape memory spring and a return spring, and the shape memory spring and the return spring are arranged in parallel or nested structure. An adaptive support device is installed at preset intervals along the cable axis. Each adaptive support device includes three support feet distributed in a 120° circle.

[0011] Furthermore, a main flow channel and an auxiliary flow channel are arranged in parallel within the heat dissipation housing. The cross-sectional area of ​​the main flow channel is larger than that of the auxiliary flow channel. Both the main flow channel and the auxiliary flow channel are spiral flow channels. The spiral flow channels are provided with multiple independent temperature control sections along the cable axis. Each temperature control section is provided with a set of adaptive flow adjustment mechanisms corresponding to the main flow channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the adaptive flow regulation mechanism includes at least two shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures, each corresponding to a different temperature threshold; the shape memory alloy valves are made of shape memory alloy and their surfaces are coated with a fluoroplastic anti-corrosion layer; the two shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures include a first SMA valve and a second SMA valve, the phase change temperature of the first SMA valve is set to 50℃±2℃, and the phase change temperature of the second SMA valve is set to 60℃±2℃.

[0013] Furthermore, the spiral cooling channel is filled with an insulating coolant, which is a fluorinated liquid, transformer oil, or deionized water. The conductivity of the insulating coolant is controlled below 1 μS / cm. The cooling circulation system is a closed loop, including a cooling pump, a radiator, an expansion tank, and a pressure sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the cable core is connected to a cable connector at its end, and the cable connector is covered with an independent connector heat exchange cavity; the connector heat exchange cavity is filled with phase change material, and the outer wall of the connector heat exchange cavity is surrounded by a heat exchange coil, which is thermally connected to the cooling system to enhance the cooling of the cable end connector.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat dissipation housing is made of titanium or titanium alloy, or of stainless steel with an alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is distributed at least at one location on the surface of the cable core and on the inner and outer walls of the heat dissipation housing, and collects temperature signals in real time and transmits them to the controller; the controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the leakage sensor, the insulation conductivity monitoring electrode and the cooling system respectively, and is used to adjust the power of the cooling system according to the temperature signal and issue an alarm according to the leakage signal. The insulation conductivity monitoring electrode is disposed on the inner wall of the heat dissipation housing or the surface of the adaptive support device, and is used to monitor the insulation resistance value between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing in real time. When the conductivity exceeds the threshold, an alarm signal is triggered. The leakage sensor is disposed at the lowest position of the heat dissipation housing or at the joint, and is used to detect coolant leakage and issue an alarm.

[0017] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Adaptive thermal management: Utilizing an adaptive support structure, the heat dissipation channel automatically adjusts with temperature, ensuring a compact structure at low temperatures while forcibly forming an efficient convection gap at high temperatures.

[0018] 2. Multiple Enhanced Heat Transfer: Combining microstructure sheath (surface radiation), spiral arrangement (flow channel optimization), spiral flow channel (convection enhancement), and turbulence structure (turbulence enhancement), a three-dimensional heat dissipation network is formed.

[0019] 3. Electromagnetic compatibility and protection: The non-magnetic shell reduces eddy currents, and the electromagnetic current equalization design reduces local overheating caused by the skin effect; the mechanical constraint of the spiral structure also plays a role in shock absorption.

[0020] 4. Intelligent and safe: The integrated temperature control, leakage and insulation monitoring transforms the heat dissipation system from passive to active prevention, greatly improving the operational safety of the electrolytic cell.

[0021] 5. Heat-free design: The independent heat dissipation cavity of the connector solves the industry pain point of easy burn-out of the connection parts. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single cable core winding core support component in this invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the relative positions of the conductor support members for multiple cable conductors in this invention. Figure 4 It corresponds Figure 3 Structural diagrams of sections A and B; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the double-layer spiral cooling channel in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting foot structure in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Heat dissipation shell; 2. Heat dissipation cavity; 3. Adaptive support device; 4. Cable core; 5. Spiral cooling channel; 6. Core support; 7. Inner spiral band; 8. Outer spiral band; 9. Deformation support rib; 10. Mesh structure; 11. Support foot; 12. Shape memory spring; 13. Return spring; 14. Main flow channel; 15. Auxiliary flow channel; 16. Temperature control section; 17. Adaptive flow regulation mechanism; 18. First SMA valve; 19. Second SMA valve; 20. Cable connector; 21. Connector heat exchange cavity; 22. Phase change material; 23. Heat exchange coil; 24. Liquid supply pipe; 25. Liquid return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to examples. These examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for electrolytic cells, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, the system includes: a cable structure, a composite sheath layer, a heat dissipation shell 1, an adaptive support device 3, a double-helix cooling channel 5, and an intelligent monitoring unit.

[0025] Specifically, the cable structure includes multiple conductor cable cores 4 for energizing the electrolytic cell. Optionally, a composite sheath layer is provided around the cable cores 4 to form a microstructure heat dissipation layer. This microstructure heat dissipation layer creates micron-level uneven structures (such as microgrooves or lattices) on the surface of the cable cores 4, increasing the heat dissipation area and disrupting the laminar boundary layer, thus improving both bare radiation and convection. The cable cores 4 are covered with a cable sheath microstructure heat dissipation layer on the conductor surface. This microstructure heat dissipation layer consists of multiple microgrooves or microprotrusions formed by laser etching or molding, with a depth or height of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0026] Cable core 4 is composed of multiple tinned copper strands, with a rated current carrying capacity of 5000A-50000A. The composite sheath layer consists of an ethylene propylene rubber insulation layer from the inside out, and an alkali-resistant sheath layer with a microstructured heat dissipation layer on the outer surface.

[0027] The heat dissipation housing 1, a hollow tubular structure, is fitted over the cable core 4. It is made of a non-magnetic material, which offers advantages such as not being induced by eddy currents, not generating heat, and not being magnetized. The heat dissipation housing 1 is a sealed structure, with a heat dissipation cavity 2 formed between its inner wall and the cable core 4. Specifically, the heat dissipation housing 1 employs a welded sealing structure, with end caps at both ends for the cable core 4 to pass through. The passage of the cable core 4 is sealed to prevent leakage of the insulating coolant inside the heat dissipation cavity 2. Specifically, it is made of titanium or titanium alloy, or a stainless steel substrate covered with an alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The heat dissipation housing 1 employs a welded sealing structure to reduce eddy current losses.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the heat dissipation shell 1 is made of TA2 industrial pure titanium with a wall thickness of 8mm-12mm, and the entire structure adopts an argon arc welded fully sealed structure. The titanium alloy shell has a corrosion rate of <0.01mm / year in a 30% KOH solution at 90℃, which fully meets the environmental requirements of the alkaline electrolytic cell.

[0029] An adaptive support device 3 is disposed in the heat dissipation cavity 2 between the cable core 4 and the heat dissipation housing 1. It is used to support the cable core 4 and to form a variable gap between the cable cores 4 or between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing 1. It includes a shape memory alloy element and a return spring 13 for driving the core to achieve a variable helical arrangement in the housing. Furthermore, a spiral cooling channel 5 is provided inside the heat dissipation housing 1. The spiral cooling channel 5 has multiple independent temperature control sections 16 arranged along the cable axis. Each temperature control section 16 is provided with a set of adaptive flow regulation mechanisms 17. The adaptive flow regulation mechanism 17 is provided with a liquid supply pipe 24 and a liquid return pipe 25 corresponding to each temperature control section 16, and the liquid supply pipe 24 and the liquid return pipe 25 are connected to the cooling circulation system, through which the cooling medium is circulated to each temperature control section.

[0030] Cooling circulation system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a spiral cooling channel 5 disposed inside the heat dissipation housing 1, which is thermally coupled to the heat dissipation housing 1 and is used to guide the introduction of insulating coolant to remove heat; so that the heat dissipation cavity 2 is filled with insulating coolant, which can be fluorinated liquid, transformer oil or deionized water, and the conductivity of the insulating coolant is controlled below 1μS / cm. The cooling circulation system is a closed loop, including a cooling pump, radiator, expansion tank and pressure sensor.

[0031] Cooling medium: High-purity deionized water is used, with conductivity controlled below 0.5 μS / cm and pH value between 6.5 and 7.5. In the event of a minor leak, the deionized water will only dilute the alkaline electrolyte and will not cause a violent reaction or short circuit.

[0032] The cooling circulation system also includes a circulating pump and a heat exchanger. The circulating pump can be an explosion-proof magnetically driven pump with an explosion-proof rating of Ex d IIB T4 and a flow rate range of 0.5-5 m³ / h. 3 / h. The heat exchanger can be a titanium plate heat exchanger, which exchanges heat with the plant's circulating cooling water system.

[0033] This system also includes an intelligent monitoring unit, which comprises a temperature control module and a safety monitoring module. The temperature control module consists of temperature sensors and a controller distributed at the cable temperature measurement points. The safety monitoring module consists of an insulation conductivity monitoring unit and a leakage detection sensor. The temperature sensors are distributed at least at one location on the surface of the cable core 4 and on the inner and outer walls of the heat dissipation housing 1, and collect temperature signals in real time and transmit them to the controller. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensors, the leakage sensor, the insulation conductivity monitoring electrode, and the cooling system, and is used to adjust the power of the cooling system according to the temperature signal and issue an alarm according to the leakage signal. The insulation conductivity monitoring electrode is disposed on the inner wall of the heat dissipation housing 1 or on the surface of the adaptive support device 3, and is used to monitor the insulation resistance value between the cable core 4 and the heat dissipation housing 1 in real time. When the conductivity exceeds the threshold, an alarm signal is triggered. The leakage sensor is disposed at the lowest position of the heat dissipation housing 1 or at the joint, and is used to detect coolant leakage and issue an alarm.

[0034] The sensor layout can be as follows: PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensors are arranged on the surface of cable core 4, at the 11 support feet, and at the inlet and outlet of the housing; a photoelectric leakage sensor is installed at the lowest point of the heat dissipation housing 1. A ring-shaped conductivity monitoring electrode is set between the heat dissipation housing 1 and the cable core 4, and a 24V DC voltage is applied.

[0035] Control Logic: In normal mode, when the cable core temperature is <50℃, the circulating pump operates at 30% of its rated speed. In enhanced mode, when the core temperature is >60℃, or the detected temperature rise rate is >5℃ / min, the circulating pump runs at full speed, and the external fan is activated simultaneously. In alarm mode, if the leakage sensor activates, or the insulation conductivity monitoring value is >1μS / cm (indicating coolant leakage or insulation damage), the system immediately cuts off the main circuit and issues an audible and visual alarm.

[0036] The controller adjusts the coolant circulation pump flow or starts the external fan based on the temperature signal, forming a closed-loop intelligent temperature control unit. The safety monitoring module includes a leakage sensor located at the lowest point of the heat sink housing 1 or at the flow channel joint of the heat exchange chamber 21, and an insulation conductivity monitoring electrode located between the heat sink housing 1 and the cable core 4. Once a coolant leak or a decrease in insulation performance is detected, the system immediately issues an alarm.

[0037] In practice: Temperature sensors are installed on the surface of the cable core 4 in each temperature control section 16, on the inner wall of the heat sink housing 1, and at the inlet and outlet of the coolant, respectively, using PT100 platinum resistance thermometers with an accuracy of ±0.1℃.

[0038] Leakage sensor: An optical leakage sensor is installed at the lowest point of the heat sink housing 1 and below each valve group, with a response time of <1 second.

[0039] Insulation conductivity monitoring electrode: A ring-shaped titanium electrode is set between the heat dissipation housing 1 and the cable core 4. A 12V DC voltage is applied to monitor the insulation resistance in real time. The alarm threshold is set to 1MΩ.

[0040] Controller: Adopts intrinsically safe PLC with explosion-proof rating Ex ib IIB T4, integrates PID control algorithm, adjusts the speed of circulating pump according to temperature signal, and records the number of times each valve core moves.

[0041] Example 2: In this embodiment, targeted heat dissipation is provided at the cable connector 20 at the end of the cable core 4, as described in the previous embodiment. An independent heat dissipation chamber 2 is provided at the cable connector 20 where the cable end connects to the electrolytic cell. This heat exchange chamber 21 is filled with phase change material 22. This chamber encloses the cable connector 20 and is connected to the main circulating cooling system or a separate small phase change radiator is installed to eliminate the thermal bottleneck at the connector.

[0042] The end of the cable core 4 is connected to a cable connector 20, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cable connector 20 is externally covered by an independent connector heat exchange cavity 21. The connector heat exchange cavity 21 is filled with phase change material 22, and a heat exchange coil 23 is wound around the outer wall of the connector heat exchange cavity 21, which is connected to the cooling circulation system to enhance the cooling of the cable end connector. Specifically, the cable end is connected to a cable connector 20, which is externally covered by an independent connector heat exchange cavity 21. The connector heat exchange cavity 21 is made of copper, with fins machined on the inner wall, and is filled with a composite phase change material 22 of paraffin wax and expanded graphite, with a phase change temperature of 55℃ and a latent heat of 200J / g. A titanium alloy heat exchange coil 23 is welded to the outer wall of the connector heat exchange cavity 21 and is connected to the cooling circulation system to ensure that there is no heat bottleneck in the connector area.

[0043] Specific working process: The outer wall of the copper cavity of the heat exchange chamber 21 of the joint is welded with a heat exchange coil 23 connected to the main cooling system. During normal operation, the main system's ring cooling system cools and removes heat; when the main system fails or the instantaneous inrush current is too large, the phase change material 22 melts and absorbs the peak heat, providing an emergency thermal buffer time of about 10 minutes.

[0044] Example 3: This embodiment is a first embodiment of the adaptive support device 3. Specifically, the adaptive support device 3 includes a wire core support member 6 supported by a shape memory alloy. The cable core 4 support member is spirally wound on the outer wall of the cable core 4. Figure 2 , 3 As shown, specifically: The cable core 4 support includes an inner spiral band 7, an outer spiral band 8, and deformation support ribs 9. At least the outer spiral band 8 and deformation support ribs 9 are made of shape memory alloy (SMA), while the inner spiral band 7 can be made of flexible, non-stretchable stainless steel strip. The inner spiral band 7 is spirally coiled and attached to the cable core 4. Furthermore, the deformation support ribs can be designed in a V-shape or an interlaced X-shape. In this embodiment, a V-shaped deformation support rib 9 is used as an example. Figure 2-4 As shown, several V-shaped deformation support ribs 9 are evenly spaced between the inner spiral band 7 and the outer spiral band 8. One end of the deformation support rib 9 is connected to the inner spiral band 7 and the other end is connected to the outer spiral band 8. The outer spiral band 8 has a grid structure 10, which gives it axial elongation freedom. In addition, due to the spaced arrangement of the deformation support ribs 9, the insulating coolant can pass through the core support member 6 when flowing along the axial direction of the cable core 4, so that the insulating coolant can directly contact the surface of the cable core 4 for heat exchange.

[0045] When the cable core 4 is at low temperature, the deformation support rib 9 is in a contracted state, and the outer spiral band 8 is close to the inner spiral band 7; When the cable core 4 is at high temperature, the deformation support rib 9 is in an elongated state, pushing the outer spiral band 8 away from the inner spiral band 7, thus increasing the gap between two adjacent cable cores 4. Understandably, during the radial elongation or contraction of the deformation support rib 9 driving the outer spiral band 8, the outer spiral band 8, which also uses a thermosensitive shape memory alloy, undergoes elongation at high temperatures and contraction at low temperatures, thus forming a variable diameter on the outer ring. Furthermore, since the core support 6 is spirally wound, mutual pushing forces are formed between the cable cores 4, thereby increasing the spacing between the cable cores 4. This increases the distance between adjacent cores at high temperatures, allowing the cable cores 4 to move closer together with a larger gap, which in turn increases the flow of cooling circulation and reduces the possibility of the cable continuing to accumulate heat.

[0046] In actual setup, the inner spiral band 7 of the core support 6 is attached to the surface of the cable core 4 and wound and fixed according to the designed pitch. After the inner spiral band 7 and the outer spiral band 8 are supported by the deformation support rib 9, the outer spiral band 8 and the inner spiral band 7 form a concentric circle structure in the cross section. In actual use, the deformation support rib 9 can apply radial elastic support to the cable core 4, thereby coping with the cable vibration caused by the electromagnetic force generated by the high current alternating magnetic field of the cable core 4. During vibration, it can obtain sufficient support and buffer through the deformation support rib 9. In this embodiment, the adaptive support device 3 can also deform according to the temperature change. That is, when the temperature is high, the two ends of the deformation support rib 9 extend, pushing the outer spiral band 8 outward. Since the outer spiral band 8 is a mesh structure 10 that can be extended, this embodiment is particularly suitable for the case of multiple cable cores 4 laid in parallel (i.e., the cable wiring of the electrolytic cell). The cable core 4 of the electrolytic cell adopts a "multi- The structure of "fine strands + independent insulation" is used to suppress the skin effect and circulating current. When multiple fine cable cores 4 are connected in parallel, the changing magnetic field generated by current fluctuations causes the cables to vibrate against each other. As mentioned above, the core support 6 is used to spread the adjacent cable cores 4 apart to form an elastic support, which can effectively buffer the mutual vibration between the cables. In addition, when the temperature of the cable cores 4 rises, the outer diameter of the core support 6 changes, causing the cable cores 4 to push each other apart, increasing the spacing between the cable cores 4. In conjunction with the heat dissipation shell 1 in Embodiment 1, its heat dissipation cavity 2 provides sufficient deformation space for the changes between the multiple cable cores 4. In conjunction with the cooling circulation system, a large amount of insulating coolant can flow between the cable cores 4, thereby effectively avoiding the cable accumulation effect (in the prior art, multiple cables are usually tightly attached, resulting in heat accumulation inside the cable and poor cooling effect). Furthermore, since the core support 6 is spirally wound on the cable cores 4, such as Figure 3As shown, when multiple cable cores 4 are connected in parallel, a suitable winding pitch can be designed so that the cable cores 4 form a screw-like meshing state through the core support member 6. This design can prevent relative axial movement between the cable cores 4. In addition, in the radial direction, the outer spiral band 8 can support the surface of other cable cores 4, thereby forming mutual support between them, which in turn widens the gap between adjacent cable cores 4. When the temperature rises, the parallel cable cores 4 can be evenly dispersed in all directions, thereby increasing the uniform mutual spacing between the cable cores 4 and providing good support. At the same time, the axial flow of the insulating coolant is also well maintained (it can pass through the gap between the deformation support ribs 9), which can quickly remove the heat of the cable cores 4.

[0047] Example 4: This embodiment is a second embodiment of the adaptive support device 3. The adaptive support device 3 is provided with a support foot 11 between the cable core 4 and the heat sink housing 1. The support foot 11 includes a shape memory spring 12 and a return spring 13. The shape memory spring 12 and the return spring 13 are arranged in parallel or nested structure.

[0048] An adaptive support device 3 is installed at preset intervals along the cable axis. Each set of adaptive support devices 3 includes three support feet 11 distributed in a 120° circle. Figure 6 As shown, specifically, a set of adaptive support devices 3 is installed every 400mm along the cable axis. Each set includes three support feet 11 distributed in a 120° circle. Each support foot 11 consists of the following parts: a shape memory spring 12: made of shape memory alloy, with a wire diameter of 2.5mm, a spring mean diameter of 15mm, and a phase change temperature set at 45℃. The alloy has wide thermal hysteresis characteristics and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in alkaline environments. a return spring 13: made of Hastelloy C-276 wire, coaxially nested with an SMA spring to form a bidirectional drive unit. a guide sleeve: made of polytetrafluoroethylene-filled material with a smooth inner wall to ensure smooth axial movement of the support foot 11 and prevent jamming. an anti-corrosion coating: the entire support foot 11 is covered with FEP heat shrink tubing with a thickness of 0.3mm to isolate it from alkaline mist corrosion.

[0049] The shape memory alloy element is a nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy spring with a phase transition temperature set between 40°C and 60°C. The return spring 13 is a Hastelloy spring or a stainless steel spring. Both are coated with a fluoroplastic anti-corrosion layer. The shape memory alloy element and the return spring 13 are coaxially sleeved to form a bidirectional drive structure: when the temperature is below the phase transition temperature, the elastic force of the return spring 13 dominates; when the temperature reaches or exceeds the phase transition temperature, the shape memory alloy element generates a phase transition driving force, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 13 and driving the cable core 4 to move radially to expand the heat dissipation gap. The SMA element (such as an SMA spring or spring sheet) has the characteristic of generating a deformation driving force as the temperature rises. The support foot 11 also includes a return spring 13 connected in parallel or nested with the SMA element. When the temperature drops, the return spring 13 assists the SMA element in restoring its deformation, forming a double-insurance drive structure to ensure that the heat dissipation channel can reliably open and close during thermal cycling.

[0050] In this embodiment, the adaptive support device 3 is arranged with a set of support units every 40 cm along the cable axis between the cable core 4 and the heat dissipation housing 1. Each set of support units includes three support feet 11 distributed in a 120-degree circle.

[0051] The support foot 11 is composed of an SMA compression spring and a coaxial ordinary return spring 13 stacked together, and is externally wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating sleeve.

[0052] Dimensions and Materials: The SMA spring is made of nickel-titanium alloy with a phase transition temperature set at 45℃. At room temperature, the spring length is 10mm. The return spring 13 is made of 304 stainless steel, and its stiffness is slightly less than the driving stiffness of the SMA spring at high temperatures.

[0053] Working principle: When the cable temperature is below 45℃, the SMA spring is relatively soft, and the cable core 4 is in a contracted state under the slight action of the return spring 13, with a small gap between it and the shell. When the temperature exceeds 45℃, the SMA spring begins to return to its original shape, generating a thrust of about 50N, which overcomes the resistance of the return spring 13 and lifts the cable core 4 5mm towards the center of the shell, forming a heat dissipation channel.

[0054] Example 5: The spiral cooling channel 5 includes a main channel 14 and an auxiliary channel 15 arranged in parallel, such as Figure 5 As shown, the cross-sectional area of ​​the main flow channel 14 is larger than that of the auxiliary flow channel 15; both the main flow channel 14 and the auxiliary flow channel 15 are spiral flow channels, and similarly, the spiral cooling flow channel 5 is provided with multiple independent temperature control sections 16 along the cable axis direction, and each temperature control section 16 is provided with a set of adaptive flow adjustment mechanisms 17 installed on the main flow channel 14.

[0055] Specifically: Two independent spiral cooling channels 5 are set within the wall thickness of the heat dissipation housing 1. Main channel 14: The spiral direction is opposite to that of the cable spiral, used for high-flow forced cooling. Auxiliary channel 15: The spiral direction is the same as that of the main channel 14, used to maintain circulation pressure and basic insulation. Along the cable axis, the interior of the housing is evenly divided into 5 independent temperature control zones 16 (I, II, III, IV, V, ...). Figure 1 (Only three temperature control sections are shown in the figure). The length of each section is optimized according to the heat distribution of the cable. In this embodiment, the length of the hot spot area (the three middle sections) is 800mm, and the length of the two end sections is 600mm.

[0056] Two shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures are connected in parallel on the liquid supply pipe 24, each corresponding to a different temperature threshold. The valve core of the shape memory alloy valve is an SMA valve core, and its surface is coated with a fluoroplastic anti-corrosion layer. The adaptive flow regulation mechanism 17 also includes a filter screen disposed at the inlet of the flow channel of the liquid supply pipe 24. The flow channel is filled with insulating coolant (such as deionized water or special insulating heat transfer oil), and the spiral flow channel enhances the disturbance between the coolant and the wall through centrifugal force, thereby enhancing heat transfer. The inner wall of the spiral cooling flow channel 5 is provided with a turbulence structure (such as raised turbulence columns or guide plates) to disrupt the laminar boundary layer and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The two parallel shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures include a first SMA valve 18 and a second SMA valve 19. The phase change temperature of the first SMA valve 18 is set to 50℃±2℃, and the phase change temperature of the second SMA valve 19 is set to 60℃±2℃.

[0057] Alternatively, it can be configured as follows: a dual-threshold flow regulating valve assembly is installed at the inlet of the main flow channel 14 of the liquid supply pipe 24 in the temperature control section 16. This dual-threshold flow regulating valve assembly includes two parallel SMA valve cores: the first valve core is made of shape memory alloy with a wire diameter of 1.5 mm and a phase change temperature set at 50℃±2℃. The second valve core is also made of shape memory alloy with a wire diameter of 1.8 mm and a phase change temperature set at 60℃±2℃; similar technical effects can be achieved. When the temperature in this section is < 50℃: both SMA valve cores are in the martensitic phase and remain closed under the action of the return spring 13. The main flow channel 14 is cut off, and only the auxiliary flow channel 15 maintains a small flow circulation to maintain system pressure and prevent medium sedimentation. When 50℃ ≤ temperature < 60℃: the first valve core reaches the phase change temperature, generating a driving force to overcome the spring force and open, the main flow channel 14 in this section is put into operation, the coolant flow increases, and early warning-level heat dissipation is achieved. When the temperature is ≥ 60℃: the second valve core also reaches the phase change temperature and opens, the main flow channel 14 is fully open, and the auxiliary flow channel 15 may participate in auxiliary heat dissipation to achieve the maximum heat dissipation power of the over-temperature level.

[0058] Specifically, each valve core is equipped with: a guide sleeve made of ceramic material with an inner diameter tolerance of H7, ensuring precise valve core movement; a stainless steel return spring (13) made of 316L stainless steel with a passivated surface treatment; and an anti-corrosion coating, with a 50μm thick PFA coating on the valve core surface and a pinhole rate of <1 / m. 2 A 200-mesh sintered titanium alloy filter screen is installed at the valve assembly inlet to prevent impurities from entering.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell, characterized in that, include: The heat dissipation housing is a hollow tubular structure that is fitted over the outside of the cable core and is made of non-magnetic material; the heat dissipation housing is a sealed structure as a whole, and a heat dissipation cavity is formed between its inner wall and the cable core. An adaptive support device is installed inside the heat dissipation cavity to support the cable core and create a variable gap between the cable cores or between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing. The cooling circulation system includes a spiral cooling channel disposed inside the heat dissipation housing, which is thermally coupled to the heat dissipation housing and is used to introduce insulating coolant to remove heat. The intelligent monitoring unit includes a temperature control module, a safety monitoring module, and a controller. The temperature control module includes temperature sensors distributed at the cable temperature measurement points, and the safety monitoring module includes an insulation conductivity monitoring unit and a leakage monitoring sensor.

2. The high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable core has a cable sheath microstructure heat dissipation layer covering the conductor surface. The microstructure heat dissipation layer consists of multiple microgrooves or microbumps formed by laser etching or molding, with a depth or height of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

3. The high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive support device includes a core support member supported by a shape memory alloy, wherein the core support member is arranged in a spiral coil on the outer wall of the core cable. The cable core support includes an inner spiral band, an outer spiral band, and deformation support ribs. Several V-shaped deformation support ribs are evenly spaced between the inner and outer spiral bands. One end of each deformation support rib is connected to the inner spiral band, and the other end is connected to the outer spiral band. The outer spiral band has a mesh structure, which gives it axial elongation freedom. When the cable core is at low temperature, the deformation support rib is in a contracted state, and the outer spiral band is close to the inner spiral band; When the cable core is at high temperature, the deformation support ribs elongate, pushing the outer spiral band away from the inner spiral band, thus increasing the gap between two adjacent cable cores.

4. The high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive support device is a support foot disposed between the cable core and the heat dissipation shell. The support foot includes a shape memory spring and a return spring, and the shape memory spring and the return spring are arranged in parallel or nested structure. An adaptive support device is installed at preset intervals along the cable axis. Each adaptive support device includes three support feet distributed in a 120° circle.

5. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation housing has a main flow channel and an auxiliary flow channel connected in parallel. The cross-sectional area of ​​the main flow channel is larger than that of the auxiliary flow channel. Both the main flow channel and the auxiliary flow channel are spiral flow channels. The spiral flow channels are provided with multiple independent temperature control sections along the cable axis. Each temperature control section is provided with a set of adaptive flow adjustment mechanisms corresponding to the main flow channel.

6. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adaptive flow regulation mechanism includes at least two shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures, each corresponding to a different temperature threshold. The shape memory alloy valves are made of shape memory alloy and their surfaces are coated with a fluoroplastic anti-corrosion layer. The two shape memory alloy valves with different phase change temperatures include a first SMA valve and a second SMA valve. The phase change temperature of the first SMA valve is set to 50℃±2℃, and the phase change temperature of the second SMA valve is set to 60℃±2℃.

7. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spiral cooling channel is filled with an insulating coolant, which is a fluorinated liquid, transformer oil, or deionized water. The conductivity of the insulating coolant is controlled below 1 μS / cm. The cooling circulation system is a closed loop and includes a cooling pump, a radiator, an expansion tank, and a pressure sensor.

8. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable core is connected to a cable connector at its end, and the cable connector is covered with an independent connector heat exchange cavity. The connector heat exchange cavity is filled with phase change material, and a heat exchange coil is wrapped around the outer wall of the connector heat exchange cavity. It is thermally connected to the cooling system to enhance the cooling of the cable end connector.

9. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation housing is made of titanium or titanium alloy, or of stainless steel with an alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating.

10. A high-efficiency heat dissipation cable system for an electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature sensor is distributed at least at one location on the surface of the cable core and on the inner and outer walls of the heat dissipation housing, and collects temperature signals in real time and transmits them to the controller; the controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the leakage sensor, the insulation conductivity monitoring electrode and the cooling system, and is used to adjust the power of the cooling system according to the temperature signal and issue an alarm according to the leakage signal. The insulation conductivity monitoring electrode is disposed on the inner wall of the heat dissipation housing or the surface of the adaptive support device, and is used to monitor the insulation resistance value between the cable core and the heat dissipation housing in real time. When the conductivity exceeds the threshold, an alarm signal is triggered. The leakage sensor is disposed at the lowest position of the heat dissipation housing or at the joint, and is used to detect coolant leakage and issue an alarm.

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