Structure adaptive limit protection device
By using an adaptive limit protection device with reverse Scottish yoke mechanism and centrifugal force control, the problems of irreversible fracture, fixed threshold and narrow adaptation of existing devices are solved, realizing interference-free operation during minor earthquakes and reliable protection during major earthquakes, thus improving the seismic performance of bridges and building structures.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHIJIAZHUANG TIEDAO UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Current limit protection devices in bridges and building structures suffer from irreversible fracture, fixed trigger thresholds, interference with structural stiffness, and narrow applicability. They are difficult to adapt to different vibration characteristics and failure mechanisms, and have high maintenance costs, making them inflexible in application.
The structure adopts an adaptive limit protection device, which uses a reverse Scottish yoke mechanism and centrifugal force in conjunction with a telescopic mechanism (such as an SMA spring). It does not affect the normal operation of the structure during small displacements, and forms a rigid connection by self-locking during large earthquakes to provide protection. It can also be reused.
It achieves normal operation without interference during minor earthquakes and reliable protection during major earthquakes. The device has a compact structure, fast vibration response, simple unlocking, and is reusable, thus improving the seismic performance of the structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN122105956A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of structural engineering technology, specifically to a structural adaptive limit protection device. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of structural engineering, bridges are prone to excessive reciprocating displacement between beams and piers under seismic loads. Similarly, structures used in building structures for limiting displacement in conjunction with seismic isolation layers (hereinafter referred to as building limiting structures) may also experience uncontrolled displacement and structural failure under seismic or wind loads. Therefore, both types of structures urgently require reliable limiting protection devices.
[0003] Traditional limiting protection schemes often draw inspiration from the shear pin type devices commonly used in bridge seismic isolation bearings. However, these devices still have significant limitations: First, the pin breaks irreversibly after triggering, requiring replacement to restore functionality, resulting in high maintenance costs. Second, the trigger threshold is fixed, making it unsuitable for the vibration characteristics of different scenarios such as bridges and building limiting structures, easily leading to false triggering with small displacements or delayed triggering with high-speed displacements. Third, the structural design interferes with the stiffness of the original components, disrupting the force transmission path under normal working conditions in bridges and building limiting structures. Furthermore, these devices rely heavily on displacement triggering mechanisms, making it difficult to match different failure mechanisms such as the misalignment of bridge load-bearing components and building limiting structures, and their applicable scenarios are narrow, failing to flexibly meet the diverse needs of bridge and building limiting structures.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a limit protection device that is adaptable to various scenarios such as bridges and building limit structures, can operate without interference under small displacement conditions, can be triggered adaptively based on speed, can provide rigid support after triggering, and can be reused, in order to solve the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a structural adaptive limit protection device that can achieve the dual functions of small displacement vibration isolation without interference and large earthquake adaptive self-locking.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] This application provides a structural adaptive limit protection device, including:
[0008] Support, which is fixed to the lower end face of the structure;
[0009] The yoke has a vertical slot with an opening at the top, and one side of the yoke is fixed to the upper surface of the structure by a connecting rod; the upper surface of the structure is the lower side of the bridge beam, and the lower surface of the structure is the upper side of the bridge pier; or, the upper surface and the lower surface of the structure are the upper and lower sides of the structure used in conjunction with the seismic isolation layer for limiting the position in the building structure.
[0010] A locking structure, wherein the locking structure is fixed to the upper end face of the structure;
[0011] A rotating disk and a disk housing, wherein the rotating disk is rotatably connected to the support, the rotating disk is coaxially connected to the disk housing, the top of the disk housing is provided with an opening corresponding to the position of the locking structure, and the rotating disk is provided with a radial groove;
[0012] The inner slider and the outer slider are connected to the radial groove via a telescopic mechanism and can slide within the radial groove. The outer slider is rotatably connected to the inner slider and can slide within the vertical groove.
[0013] In some embodiments, the support includes a base and a ring disposed on the base, and the structural adaptive limiting protection device further includes a shaft segment; the ring of the support is nested on the shaft segment and fixedly connected to the shaft segment; the disc shell is nested on the shaft segment and fixedly connected to the shaft segment.
[0014] In some embodiments, the front end of the shaft segment is nested in the inner ring of the first bearing, the rotating disk is nested on the outer ring of the first bearing, and the rotating disk is rotatably disposed on the shaft segment via the first bearing.
[0015] In some embodiments, the disc housing is barrel-shaped, the rotating disc is located at the bottom of the disc housing, the opening is located on the side wall of the disc housing, and is located directly below the locking structure.
[0016] In some embodiments, the depth of the disk outer shell is the same as the thickness of the rotating disk.
[0017] In some embodiments, the system further includes two second bearings, with the inner slider and the outer slider respectively nested on the outer rings of the two second bearings, the inner rings of the two second bearings connected by a shaft segment, and the inner slider and the outer slider rotatably connected by the second bearings.
[0018] In some embodiments, the inner slider includes an inner slider body and a locking head disposed on the upper part of the inner slider body, and a retractable mechanism capable of extending and retracting along the length of the radial groove of the rotating disk is provided at the bottom of the radial groove; the inner slider body is connected to the retractable mechanism and is slidably disposed in the radial groove of the rotating disk through the retractable mechanism.
[0019] In some embodiments, the locking structure is a one-way locking structure, including a receiving cavity and a latch. The receiving cavity is used to receive the lock head. The latch opens when the lock head is impacted, and locks after the lock head enters the receiving cavity to prevent the lock head from popping out of the receiving cavity.
[0020] In some embodiments, the telescopic mechanism is an SMA spring, with one end of the SMA spring fixed in the radial groove and the other end connected to the inner slider body.
[0021] In some embodiments, the material of the structural adaptive limit protection device, except for the telescopic mechanism (7), is Q235 steel.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application compared with the prior art include:
[0023] When an earthquake occurs, the upper end face drives the yoke to reciprocate synchronously. The yoke drives the outer slider to slide in the vertical groove of the yoke, and the outer slider drives the inner slider to slide along the radial groove of the rotating disk, thereby driving the rotating disk to rotate. As the rotational speed of the rotating disk increases, the centrifugal force on the inner slider gradually increases. When this centrifugal force exceeds the constraint tension threshold of the telescopic mechanism, the inner slider disengages from the radial groove of the rotating disk, flies out from the opening of the disk shell, and locks with the locking structure above. This creates a rigid connection between the upper and lower end faces with relative motion, achieving limit protection.
[0024] This application utilizes a reverse Scottish yoke mechanism to convert motion, centrifugal force combined with a retractable mechanism to control triggering, and a locking structure to achieve self-locking as its core mechanism. This ensures that it does not affect the normal operation of bridges or structures used in buildings for seismic isolation during small-amplitude vibrations or frequent earthquakes, while also providing reliable protection during major earthquakes, balancing normal structural operation and risk mitigation. Furthermore, the device has a compact structure that can be directly integrated into bridge load-bearing components or into structures used in buildings for seismic isolation, making full use of installation space. The components work smoothly together, resulting in a fast vibration response and ensuring structural stability. Unlocking is simple after extreme conditions, and the device is reusable. During locking, the SMA spring provides additional damping force, further enhancing the structure's seismic performance. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the adaptive limit protection device provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional image;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the rotating disk and disk housing provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the disc shell provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the inner slider locking structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional image;
[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the adaptive limit protection device provided in this application embodiment in the locked state. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present application will be described more clearly below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the function of the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0035] See Figures 1 to 7 This application provides a structural adaptive limit protection device, including a support 1, a yoke 6, a rotating disk 2, a disk shell 3, an inner slider 12, and an outer slider 8.
[0036] The support 1 is fixed to the lower end face of the structure. The yoke 6 has a vertical slot with an opening at the top, and one side of the yoke is fixed to the upper end face of the structure by a connecting rod. The locking structure 10 is fixed to the upper end face of the structure. The rotating disk 2 is rotatably connected to the support 1, and the rotating disk 2 is coaxially connected to the disk shell 3. The top of the disk shell 3 has an opening corresponding to the position of the locking structure 10, and the rotating disk 2 has a radial slot. The inner slider 12 is connected to the radial slot through a telescopic mechanism and can slide within the radial slot. The outer slider 8 is rotatably connected to the inner slider 12 and can slide within the vertical slot.
[0037] The upper surface of the aforementioned structure can be the lower side of the bridge beam, and the lower surface of the aforementioned structure can be the upper side of the bridge pier; or, the upper and lower surfaces of the aforementioned structure can be the upper and lower sides of the structure used in conjunction with the seismic isolation layer in a building structure for limiting displacement. This application can be applied to any structure that may experience displacement loss of control and lead to structural failure under earthquake or wind loads, and there is no limitation on this.
[0038] When an earthquake occurs, the upper end face drives the yoke 6 to reciprocate synchronously. The yoke 6 drives the outer slider 8 to slide in the vertical groove of the yoke 6. The outer slider 8 drives the inner slider 12 to slide along the radial groove of the rotating disk 2, thereby driving the rotating disk 2 to rotate. The reciprocating motion of the yoke 6 drives the rotating disk 2 to rotate. As the rotational speed of the rotating disk 2 increases, the centrifugal force on the inner slider 12 gradually increases. When this centrifugal force exceeds the constraint tension threshold of the retractable mechanism 7, the inner slider 12 disengages from the radial groove of the rotating disk 2 (the inner slider 12 is always connected to the retractable mechanism 7), flies out from the opening of the disk shell 3, and locks with the locking structure 10 above (as shown). Figure 7 As shown in the figure, this allows the upper and lower end faces with relative motion to form a rigid connection, thereby achieving limit protection.
[0039] Optionally, the support 1 may include a base and a ring disposed on the base, and the structural adaptive limiting protection device may further include a shaft segment 5. The ring of the support 1 is nested on the shaft segment 5 and fixedly connected to the shaft segment 5. The disc outer shell 3 is nested on the shaft segment 5 and fixedly connected to the shaft segment 5.
[0040] Optionally, the front end of the shaft segment 5 is nested in the inner ring of the first bearing 4, and the rotating disk 2 is nested on the outer ring of the first bearing 4. The rotating disk 2 is rotatably mounted on the shaft segment 5 via the first bearing 4.
[0041] The core function of the first bearing 4 is to reduce the coefficient of friction during movement and ensure rotational accuracy. It mainly consists of an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling elements, and a cage. The inner ring fits tightly with the shaft and rotates with it. The outer ring is usually fixed to the bearing housing or machine body for support. The rolling elements (such as steel balls or rollers) are located between the inner and outer rings, significantly reducing friction by replacing sliding with rolling. The cage is used to isolate the rolling elements, prevent them from colliding with each other, and guide their smooth rolling. In this device, the first bearing 4 causes the rotating disk 2 and the shaft segment 5 to rotate relative to each other and bears the relative force between them.
[0042] Optionally, the disc housing 3 is barrel-shaped, the rotating disc 2 is located at the bottom of the disc housing 3, and the opening is located on the side wall of the disc housing 3 and directly below the locking structure 10.
[0043] Specifically, the outer shell 3 and the rotating disk 2 are coaxially connected on the shaft segment 5. The opening direction is consistent with the groove direction of the radial groove of the rotating disk 2, which restricts the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 to fly out radially upward and enter the locking structure 10.
[0044] Optionally, the depth of the outer shell 3 is the same as the thickness of the rotating disk 2, the rotating disk 2 is placed in the outer shell 3, and the outer edge of the outer shell 3 is flush with the outer surface of the rotating disk 2.
[0045] Optionally, the adaptive limit protection device further includes two second bearings 11. The inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 are respectively nested on the outer rings of the two second bearings 11, and the inner rings of the two second bearings 11 are connected by a shaft segment. The inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 are rotatably connected by the second bearings 11.
[0046] Optionally, the inner slider 12 includes an inner slider body 121 and a locking head 122 disposed on the upper part of the inner slider body 121. The bottom of the radial groove of the rotating disk 2 is provided with a telescopic mechanism 7 that can extend and retract along the length of the radial groove. The inner slider body 121 is connected to the telescopic mechanism 7 and is slidably disposed in the radial groove of the rotating disk 2 through the telescopic mechanism 7.
[0047] For example, the lock head 122 can be a spherical protrusion or a cylindrical protrusion with a circular cross-section; the specific shape of the lock head 122 is not limited.
[0048] Optionally, the locking structure 10 is a one-way locking structure, including a receiving cavity 101 and a latch 102. The receiving cavity 101 is used to receive the lock head 122. The latch 102 opens when it is hit by the lock head 122, and locks after the lock head 122 enters the receiving cavity 101, preventing the lock head 122 from popping out of the receiving cavity 101.
[0049] When the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 fly out of the rotating disk 2 and enter the locking structure 10, the cylindrical protrusion (lock head 122) above the inner slider 12 hits the middle movable part (lock 102) of the locking structure 10, causing it to rotate and open the lock 102 to allow the cylindrical protrusion of the inner slider 12 to enter. The middle movable part then falls due to gravity, and the lock 102 closes to lock, forming a rigid connection.
[0050] Optionally, the retractable mechanism 7 is an SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) spring, with one end of the SMA spring fixed in the radial groove and the other end connected to the inner slider body 121.
[0051] When the rotational speed of the rotating disk 2 exceeds a threshold, the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 fly out of the rotating disk 2 and enter the locking structure 10, locking the device. Specifically, the critical condition for triggering the locking of the device is that the centrifugal force Fc on the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 is equal to the maximum constraint force Fs of the SMA spring on the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8. The centrifugal force Fc = mw 2 r and m are the masses of the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8, r is the rotation radius of the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8, and w is the angular velocity of the rotating disk 2.
[0052] The linear displacement x generated by the motion of the upper end face driving the yoke 6 is related to the rotation angle θ of the rotating disk 2 as x = Rsinθ, where R is the crank radius. Differentiating the linear displacement x, the linear velocity v is related to the angular velocity w of the rotating disk 2 as w = v / (Rcosθ). When the inner slider 12 and the outer slider 8 are at their farthest points, cosθ takes the value of 1, i.e., w = v / R.
[0053] Substituting w=v / R into the centrifugal force formula Fc=mw 2 r 2 Thus, we obtain Fc = m(v / R). 2 When the critical condition for device lock-up is reached, Fc = Fs, therefore m(v / R) 2 r=Fs, which is the critical value of linear velocity v generated by the motion of the upper end face driving the yoke 6. 临 =R(Fs / mr) 1 / 2 .
[0054] In this embodiment, the retractable mechanism 7 is made of shape memory alloy, while the rest of the parts can be made of Q235 steel.
[0055] This application utilizes a reverse Scottish yoke mechanism to convert motion, centrifugal force combined with a retractable mechanism (such as an SMA spring) to control triggering, and a locking structure to achieve self-locking as its core mechanism. This ensures that it does not affect the normal operation of bridges or structures used in buildings for seismic isolation during small-amplitude vibrations or frequent earthquakes, while also providing reliable protection during major earthquakes, balancing normal structural operation and risk mitigation. Furthermore, the device has a compact structure that can be directly integrated into bridge load-bearing components or into structures used in buildings for seismic isolation, making full use of installation space. The components work smoothly together, resulting in a fast vibration response and ensuring structural stability. Unlocking is simple after extreme conditions, and the device is reusable. During locking, the SMA spring provides additional damping force, further enhancing the structure's seismic performance.
[0056] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A structurally adaptive limit protection device, characterized in that, include: Support (1), said support (1) is fixed on the lower end face of the structure; Yoke (6), the yoke (6) has a vertical slot with an opening at the top, and one side of the yoke is fixed to the upper end face of the structure by a connecting rod; the upper end face of the structure is the lower side face of the bridge beam, and the lower end face of the structure is the upper side face of the bridge pier; or, the upper end face of the structure and the lower end face of the structure are the upper and lower sides of the structure in the building structure that are used in conjunction with the seismic isolation layer for limiting the position. A locking structure (10) is fixed to the upper end face of the structure; A rotating disk (2) and a disk housing (3) are provided. The rotating disk (2) is rotatably connected to the support (1). The rotating disk (2) is coaxially connected to the disk housing (3). The top of the disk housing (3) is provided with an opening corresponding to the position of the locking structure (10). The rotating disk (2) is provided with a radial groove. The inner slider (12) and the outer slider (8) are connected to the radial groove through a telescopic mechanism (7). The inner slider (12) can slide in the radial groove. The outer slider (8) is rotatably connected to the inner slider (12). The outer slider (8) can slide in the vertical groove.
2. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support (1) includes a base and a ring disposed on the base. The structure adaptive limit protection device also includes a shaft segment (5). The ring of the support (1) is nested on the shaft segment (5) and is fixedly connected to the shaft segment (5). The disc shell (3) is nested on the shaft segment (5) and is fixedly connected to the shaft segment (5).
3. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the shaft segment (5) is nested in the inner ring of the first bearing (4), and the rotating disk (2) is nested on the outer ring of the first bearing (4). The rotating disk (2) is rotatably mounted on the shaft segment (5) via the first bearing (4).
4. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disc shell (3) is barrel-shaped, the rotating disc (2) is located at the bottom of the disc shell (3), and the opening is located on the side wall of the disc shell (3) and directly below the locking structure (10).
5. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The depth of the outer shell (3) of the disk is the same as the thickness of the rotating disk (2).
6. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes two second bearings (11), the inner slider (12) and the outer slider (8) are respectively nested on the outer ring of the two second bearings (11), the inner rings of the two second bearings (11) are connected by a shaft segment, and the inner slider (12) and the outer slider (8) are rotatably connected by the second bearings (11).
7. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner slider (12) includes an inner slider body (121) and a lock head (122) disposed on the upper part of the inner slider body (121). The bottom of the radial groove of the rotating disk (2) is provided with a retractable mechanism (7) that can extend and retract along the length of the radial groove. The inner slider body (121) is connected to the retractable mechanism (7) and is slidably disposed in the radial groove of the rotating disk (2) through the retractable mechanism (7).
8. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The locking structure (10) is a one-way locking structure, including a receiving cavity (101) and a latch (102). The receiving cavity (101) is used to receive the lock head (122). The latch (102) opens when it is hit by the lock head (122). After the lock head (122) enters the receiving cavity (101), the latch (102) locks to prevent the lock head (122) from popping out of the receiving cavity (101).
9. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The retractable mechanism (7) is an SMA spring, with one end of the SMA spring fixed in the radial groove and the other end connected to the inner slider body (121).
10. The structural adaptive limit protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The material of the structure adaptive limit protection device, except for the telescopic mechanism (7), is Q235 steel.