Self-resetting anti-seismic energy-dissipation anchor rod and anchoring method

Abstract

The application discloses a self-resetting anti-seismic energy-dissipation anchor rod and an anchoring method, and belongs to the technical field of anti-seismic geotechnical engineering. The anchor rod comprises a viscous damper and an anchor rod, and the two are in a separated modular structure. The head of the viscous damper is fixed in a concrete structure through a pre-embedded part and a bolt, and the tail thereof is connected with the anchor rod body. The anchor head of the anchor rod is provided with double-layer elastic anchor pieces with concave curvature, and is reinforced in cooperation with injected anchoring slurry. During an earthquake, the high-strength spring and viscous damping liquid in the viscous damper are cooperatively energy-dissipated, so that the structural deformation and speed are effectively reduced; after the earthquake, the high-strength spring drives the anchor rod to self-reset, thereby reducing residual deformation. The application has the advantages of high anti-seismic energy-dissipation efficiency, self-resetting after the earthquake, reliable anchoring, strong applicability of the modular design and the like, and is suitable for anti-seismic reinforcement of geotechnical engineering such as tunnels and slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic resistance technology in geotechnical engineering, and in particular to a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor and its anchoring method. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering projects such as slope protection, tunnel construction, and foundation pit construction, anchor bolts serve as a primary support component, playing a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the soil and rock mass and ensuring structural safety. However, traditional anchor bolt systems have significant shortcomings in seismic performance. When dynamic loads such as earthquakes act on the soil and rock mass, anchor bolts often lack effective energy dissipation mechanisms, leading to excessive plastic deformation or even fracture under repeated tensile and compressive forces, resulting in support failure. Furthermore, the irreversible residual deformation of anchor bolts after an earthquake prevents the soil and rock mass or the supported structure from returning to or approaching its initial equilibrium position, severely affecting its long-term stability and significantly increasing the difficulty and cost of post-earthquake detection, assessment, and repair.

[0003] Therefore, developing a new type of anchor system that can effectively dissipate seismic energy, control deformation rate, and achieve automatic reset after an earthquake, thereby reducing residual deformation and improving the overall seismic toughness of engineering structures, has become a technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor and anchoring method, which solves the defects of existing anchor technology in terms of seismic performance. Under seismic action, this invention can efficiently dissipate energy through the built-in viscous damper, reduce the deformation of the supported structure and reduce its deformation rate. After the earthquake, it can achieve automatic reset by relying on elastic restoring force, effectively reducing the long-term impact of residual deformation on the engineering structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor, comprising a viscous damper and an anchor; the head of the viscous damper is fixed in the concrete structure by embedded parts and bolts; the tail of the viscous damper is connected to the rod body of the anchor; the anchor head of the anchor is provided with double-layer elastic anchor plates, the double-layer elastic anchor plates having an inwardly concave arc, used to fix in stable rock and soil at the distal end, and the anchor head is reinforced by injecting anchoring grout; wherein, under seismic action, the anchor absorbs seismic energy through the viscous damper, and after the earthquake, the anchor gradually self-resets.

[0006] Preferably, the viscous damper includes a housing, a high-strength spring, a viscous damping fluid, and a push rod piston; the housing has bolt holes for inserting the embedded part to fix the viscous damper; the high-strength spring is sleeved on the rod of the push rod piston, and one end of the high-strength spring is fixedly connected to the push rod piston; the viscous damping fluid fills the inner cavity of the housing; the push rod piston is movably disposed in the inner cavity of the housing, and the extended push rod of the push rod piston is connected to the anchor rod; the push rod piston has multiple through holes for the flow of the viscous damping fluid.

[0007] Preferably, the embedded part is a high-strength steel bar, which is welded to the steel bars inside the concrete structure.

[0008] Preferably, the free end of the anchor rod is threaded, and the free end of the anchor rod is connected to the tail of the viscous damper through the thread; the anchor rod has an axial through hole inside, and the axial through hole is used to inject the anchoring grout.

[0009] Preferably, the viscous damper and the anchor bolt are separate structures, both of which are modularly manufactured and assembled according to engineering and geological conditions.

[0010] Preferably, the head of the viscous damper is further provided with a rubber water-stopping gasket.

[0011] Preferably, the double-layer elastic anchor plate includes a first layer of anchor plate and a second layer of anchor plate, and each layer of anchor plate contains multiple discrete anchor plate units.

[0012] Preferably, the viscous damping fluid is a non-Newtonian fluid.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for anchoring a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor, comprising the following steps: S1. Embed the anchor head of the anchor rod into the stable original rock and soil at the far end, and use double-layer elastic anchor plates for auxiliary fixation. Then, inject anchoring grout through the axial through hole inside the anchor rod to reinforce the anchor head. S2. Connect the tail of the viscous damper to the rod of the anchor bolt; S3. Fix the head of the viscous damper and the rubber waterstop gasket in the reinforced concrete structure using embedded parts and bolts; or, fix the head of the viscous damper and the rubber waterstop gasket by driving high-strength bolts into the reinforced concrete structure.

[0014] Therefore, the self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor and anchoring method of the present invention, using the above-described structure, have the following beneficial effects: (1) During an earthquake, the high-strength spring and viscous damping fluid inside the viscous damper work together. The viscous damping fluid flows through the through-hole on the push rod piston, generating viscous resistance, which efficiently dissipates the earthquake input energy and effectively reduces the deformation rate of the supported structure. At the same time, the high-strength spring provides elastic restoring force, absorbs some energy, and limits excessive deformation. This dual-mechanism energy dissipation method significantly improves the seismic toughness of the anchor system.

[0015] (2) After the earthquake, the elastic potential energy stored in the high-strength spring is released, driving the anchor and connected structure to gradually return to or approach the initial position, effectively eliminating the residual displacement caused by the plastic deformation of the anchor, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the support system, and reducing the amount of post-earthquake maintenance work.

[0016] (3) The anchor head provided by the present invention adopts a design of double-layer elastic anchor plates with concave arc. When the anchor is subjected to pull force, the anchor plates open outward and embed into the surrounding rock due to obstruction. Combined with the subsequent injection of anchoring grout, a dual anchoring mechanism of "mechanical locking" and "grouting bonding" is formed, which greatly improves the anchoring force and ensures the stability of the anchoring end under dynamic load.

[0017] (4) The viscous damper and the anchor body of the present invention adopt a separate modular structure. The anchor length, diameter, spring stiffness and damping coefficient can be flexibly selected and combined according to different engineering geological conditions (such as soft rock large deformation tunnel, high intensity hard rock tunnel, broken rock slope, etc.). This facilitates standardized production, transportation and on-site installation, and has strong applicability.

[0018] (5) The self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor provided by the present invention is not only applicable to tunnel engineering, but also applicable to the seismic reinforcement of various geotechnical engineering such as slopes, foundation pits, and underground caverns, and has good application prospects.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor rod according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end structure of the viscous damper according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The following is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor head according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view of the anchor head and (b) is an end view of the anchor head; Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the working principle of the viscous damper under seismic action according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the state of the viscous damper under tension during an earthquake, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the state of the viscous damper under compression during an earthquake. Figure Labels 1-Viscous damper; 101-Steel sleeve shell; 102-Damper end sealing plate; 103-Bolt hole; 2-Anchor rod body; 3-Anchoring grout; 4-Anchor head; 401-First layer anchor plate; 402-Second layer anchor plate; 5-High-strength spring; 6-Push rod piston with hole; 7-Viscous damping fluid; 8-Bolt; 9-Embedded part; 10-Reinforced concrete structure; 11-Anchor rod connection joint; 12-Rubber waterstop gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] Example like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor rod, including a viscous damper 1 and an anchor rod. When an earthquake occurs, the anchor rod absorbs seismic energy through the high-strength spring 5 and viscous damping fluid 7 in the viscous damper 1, reducing the deformation of the reinforced concrete structure 10 and lowering the deformation rate of the structure. After the earthquake, the anchor rod gradually self-resets, reducing the impact of the earthquake on the structure.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the viscous damper 1 includes a steel sleeve shell 101, a high-strength spring 5, a viscous damping fluid 7, and a perforated push rod piston 6. A bolt hole 103 is pre-drilled on the end cap 102 of the damper, and a rubber water-stop gasket 12 is installed below it. An embedded part 9 is inserted through the gasket, and the viscous damper 1 is secured with bolts 8. The high-strength spring 5 is sleeved on the rod of the perforated push rod piston 6, and one end of the high-strength spring 5 is fixedly connected to the perforated push rod piston 6 to withstand tension or pressure, reducing large deformations in the structure. The viscous damping fluid 7 is a non-Newtonian fluid that absorbs instantaneous energy, reducing the deformation rate of the structure. The perforated push rod piston 6 moves axially within the viscous damper 1. The push rod of the perforated push rod piston 6 penetrates the steel sleeve shell 101 and is connected to the anchor rod 2. The piston has multiple small holes for the viscous damping fluid 7 to flow. The embedded part 9 is a high-strength steel bar, which is welded to the steel bar inside the reinforced concrete structure 10 to fix the viscous damper 1 to the reinforced concrete structure 10.

[0025] The head of the viscous damper 1 is fixed in the reinforced concrete structure 10 by embedded parts 9 and bolts 8; the tail of the viscous damper 1 is connected to the anchor rod body 2 by anchor rod connection joint 11; as Figure 3 As shown in (a) of the present invention, it illustrates a side view of the anchor head 4 according to a specific embodiment. The anchor head 4 is welded with a double layer of elastic anchor plates. The first layer of anchor plates 401 and the second layer of anchor plates 402 each contain three anchor plates. Each anchor plate has an inwardly concave arc. When the anchor head 4 is inserted into the rock hole, it will not hinder its advancement. However, when pulled back, the anchor plates open and embed themselves into the rock and soil due to their inherent elasticity, thereby increasing the anchoring force and firmly fixing the anchor head 4 in the stable undisturbed rock and soil at the far end. The anchor is hollow inside, and the anchor head 4 is reinforced by injecting anchoring grout 3. Figure 3 As shown in (b) of the present invention, it shows a schematic diagram of the end view structure of the anchor head 4 of the anchor rod in a specific embodiment of the present invention. When the anchor head 4 is subjected to a pull-out force, the anchor plate opens outward and embeds into the rock and soil due to the obstruction. Combined with the subsequently injected anchoring grout, a dual anchoring mechanism of "mechanical locking" and "grouting bonding" is formed, which greatly improves the anchoring force.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown in (a) of the embodiment of the present invention, the viscous damper 1 is under tension during an earthquake. At this time, the perforated push rod piston 6 inside the viscous damper 1 is pulled, the high-strength spring 5 is stretched, and the viscous damping fluid 7 flows through the through hole on the piston, generating viscous resistance to dissipate earthquake energy; Figure 4 As shown in (b) of the present invention, the state of the viscous damper 1 under the action of earthquake is shown in the schematic diagram. At this time, the push rod piston 6 with holes is pushed and the high-strength spring 5 is compressed. Similarly, the energy is consumed by the flow of damping fluid, realizing bidirectional seismic energy dissipation and effectively reducing the deformation rate of the supported structure. When an earthquake occurs, the seismic anchor absorbs seismic energy through the high-strength spring 5 and viscous damping fluid 7 inside the viscous damper 1. The viscous damper 1 is subjected to both tension and compression, which reduces the deformation of the reinforced concrete structure 10 and lowers the deformation rate of the reinforced concrete structure 10. After the earthquake, the seismic anchor gradually self-resets under the action of the high-strength spring 5, reducing the impact of the earthquake on the structure.

[0027] The viscous damper 1 and the anchor body are separate structures, both manufactured modularly. Appropriate anchor lengths, diameters, and high-strength spring stiffness parameters are selected based on actual engineering and geological conditions, and then the components are assembled. In a specific embodiment of this invention, in soft rock tunnels with large deformation, an anchoring length of 4.5–6.0 m is used to enhance adhesion to the deep, stable surrounding rock. An anchor diameter of 32 mm is used to increase tensile bearing capacity. A medium-low spring stiffness of 80–100 kN / m ensures that gradual pressure relief does not hinder surrounding rock deformation. A high damping coefficient of 150–200 kN·s / m is used to dissipate large deformation energy and prevent overloading of the support structure. In hard rock tunnels in high seismic intensity zones, a medium anchorage length of 2–3 m is used to meet the anchorage requirements of hard rock. Anchor bolt diameter of 28 mm is used to balance strength and ease of construction. High spring stiffness of 180–220 kN / m provides strong support and resistance against seismic impact. A high damping coefficient of 200–250 kN·s / m is used to rapidly dissipate seismic energy, with the spring elastically returning to its original position after the earthquake. For general fractured rock slopes: slope height 15–20 m, localized rockfalls, and seismic intensity VII, an anchorage length of 3–4.5 m is recommended, adapted to the thickness of the fractured zone, to anchor firmly into the intact rock mass. A moderate diameter of 32 mm is chosen to balance strength and drilling convenience. A medium-stiffness spring of 130–160 kN / m balances the pressure and support, preventing instability of the fractured rock. A medium-to-high damping coefficient of 180–220 kN·s / m is used to rapidly dissipate seismic energy and reduce the disturbance of the fractured rock mass.

[0028] This invention also provides a method for anchoring a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor, comprising the following steps: S1. Drill a hole to embed the anchor head 4 into the stable undisturbed soil at the far end. Double-layered elastic anchor plates on the anchor head 4 assist in initial fixation. Subsequently, anchoring grout 3 is injected into the hole through the hollow channel inside the anchor rod to permanently reinforce the anchor head 4.

[0029] S2. Reserve or install embedded parts 9 at the designed location of the reinforced concrete structure 10 (if not reserved, use post-installed high-strength bolts). Connect the tail of the viscous damper 1 to the end of the anchor rod 2 by means of threaded connection.

[0030] S3. Align the head (damper end sealing plate 102) of the viscous damper 1 with the rubber waterstop gasket 12 and the embedded part 9, insert the bolt 8 and tighten it, thereby firmly fixing the viscous damper 1 to the reinforced concrete structure 10. If the embedded part cannot be used on site, post-installed chemical anchors or mechanical anchors can be driven into the concrete structure and then fixed.

[0031] During installation, the anchor head 4 is first embedded into the stable undisturbed soil and rock at the far end, and then reinforced by injecting anchoring grout 3. Next, the tail of the viscous damper 1 is connected to the anchor rod body 2 via the anchor rod connection joint 11; finally, the head of the viscous damper 1 and the rubber waterstop gasket 12 are fixed to the reinforced concrete structure 10 using embedded parts 9 and bolts. If it is not possible to install embedded parts 9, high-strength bolts are driven into the reinforced concrete structure 10 for fixation.

[0032] It should be noted that the self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor of the present invention is applicable to tunnel engineering, slope engineering, etc.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor, characterized in that, It includes a viscous damper and an anchor rod; the head of the viscous damper is fixed in the concrete structure by embedded parts and bolts; the tail of the viscous damper is connected to the rod body of the anchor rod; the anchor head of the anchor rod is provided with a double-layer elastic anchor plate, the double-layer elastic anchor plate is concave inward arc, used to fix it in the stable rock and soil at the far end, and the anchor head is reinforced by injecting anchoring grout; Under earthquake action, the anchor absorbs earthquake energy through the viscous damper, and after the earthquake, the anchor self-resets under the action of elastic force.

2. The self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viscous damper includes a housing, a high-strength spring, a viscous damping fluid, and a push rod piston. The housing has bolt holes for inserting the embedded part to fix the viscous damper. The high-strength spring is sleeved on the rod of the push rod piston, and one end of the high-strength spring is fixedly connected to the push rod piston. The viscous damping fluid fills the inner cavity of the housing. The push rod piston is movably disposed within the inner cavity of the housing, and its extended push rod is connected to the anchor rod. The push rod piston has multiple through holes for allowing the viscous damping fluid to flow.

3. The self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rod of the push rod piston is connected to the rod of the anchor rod by a thread.

4. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, Another high-strength spring is also provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell. One end of the other high-strength spring is connected to the push rod piston, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell.

5. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded part is a high-strength steel bar, which is welded to the steel bars inside the concrete structure.

6. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The free end of the anchor rod is threaded, and the free end of the anchor rod is connected to the tail of the viscous damper through the thread; the interior of the anchor rod is provided with an axial through hole for injecting the anchoring grout.

7. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viscous damper and the anchor are separate structures, both of which are modularly manufactured and assembled according to engineering and geological conditions.

8. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The head of the viscous damper is also provided with a rubber water-stopping gasket, which is disposed between the head of the viscous damper and the concrete structure.

9. A self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double-layer elastic anchor plate includes a first layer of anchor plate and a second layer of anchor plate, each layer of anchor plate containing multiple separate anchor plate units; the anchoring grout is injected through the axial through hole inside the anchor rod and fills the soil and rock voids around the anchor head of the anchor rod.

10. A method for anchoring a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor, applied to a self-resetting seismic energy dissipation anchor as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Embed the anchor head of the anchor rod into the stable original rock and soil at the far end, and use double-layer elastic anchor plates for auxiliary fixation. Then, inject anchoring grout through the axial through hole inside the anchor rod to reinforce the anchor head. S2. Connect the tail of the viscous damper to the rod of the anchor bolt; S3. Fix the head of the viscous damper and the rubber waterstop gasket in the reinforced concrete structure using embedded parts and bolts; or, fix the head of the viscous damper and the rubber waterstop gasket by driving high-strength bolts into the reinforced concrete structure.

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