A collapsible-slope protection structure and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of easy collapse slope protection structure and its construction method, belong to slope protection technical field.The protection structure includes: anchoring structure, the anchoring structure is installed on the anchoring point at the intersection of slope face and protection surface, anchoring structure is obliquely pierced and inserted into stable rock layer in weak interlayer, wherein, the protection surface is flush with the bottom surface of weak interlayer;Retaining wall, the retaining wall is vertically arranged at the retaining wall point of protection surface edge;Anti-slide tenon, the anti-slide tenon is uniformly arranged on the protection surface between retaining wall and anchoring structure, the bottom of the anti-slide tenon is embedded in stable rock layer;Slag counterpressure layer, the slag counterpressure layer is filled between retaining wall and slope face.The application can realize efficient management to the rock slope collapse of weak interlayer bedding rock slope, and is economical and practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular relates to a slope protection structure prone to landslides and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, my country's infrastructure projects are progressing steadily, with highway construction gradually extending into mountainous and hilly areas, leading to increasingly complex geological conditions. In rock slope construction, weak interlayers at the bottom are often overlooked in preliminary investigations due to issues such as the accuracy of surveys and the concealment of geological features. When the weak interlayers align with the slope direction, bedding rock slopes are easily formed, and the rock mass is highly susceptible to sliding along these weak interlayers. This not only delays construction progress but also poses serious safety hazards during the project's operation. Once a slope collapse occurs, landslide control is extremely difficult and can easily result in casualties and property damage.

[0003] Currently, most methods for treating landslides on bedding rock slopes involve single-structure construction, which has many shortcomings and is difficult to adapt to the treatment needs of bedding rock slopes with weak interlayers: single anti-slide retaining walls can only passively withstand landslide thrust and cannot act on weak interlayers, resulting in extremely poor control over interlayer slippage and difficulty in curbing the slippage trend at its root; conventional anchoring beams or anchors and cables can only anchor shallow rock masses and cannot improve the problem of insufficient friction between the counterweight fill and the original rock and soil layers, so the risk of interlayer slippage still exists; traditional counterweight fill relies solely on its own weight to achieve slope stabilization, and the contact surfaces between fill layers and between fill and rock are smooth, resulting in limited anti-slide force and shear strength, which cannot block the slippage channel at weak interlayers, and the treatment effect is not lasting, making it easy for slope instability to recur in the later stages. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slope protection structure and its construction method for easily collapsible slopes, in order to solve the problem that existing slope protection structures cannot achieve long-term and stable reinforcement of bedding rock slopes containing weak interlayers.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a slope protection structure prone to landslides, comprising:

[0007] An anchoring structure is installed at the anchoring point where the slope and the protective surface meet. The anchoring structure is inclined to penetrate the weak interlayer and insert into the stable rock layer, wherein the protective surface is flush with the bottom surface of the weak interlayer.

[0008] A retaining wall, wherein the retaining wall is vertically installed at the retaining wall point at the edge of the protective surface;

[0009] Anti-slip tenons are evenly distributed on the protective surface between the retaining wall and the anchoring structure, and the bottom of the anti-slip tenons is embedded in a stable rock layer.

[0010] A slag back pressure layer is filled between the retaining wall and the slope.

[0011] The anchoring structure includes an anchoring beam and an anchor rod. An anchoring point is drilled with an anchoring hole facing the stable rock stratum. Concrete is poured into the anchoring hole. The anchoring beam consists of an anchoring beam skeleton surrounded by several steel bars and the concrete filling inside it. The anchor rod passes through the anchoring beam skeleton and is bonded to the anchoring beam through concrete.

[0012] The anchoring beam frame is a pentagonal prism frame structure. The first side of the anchoring beam is attached to the protective surface, the second side is attached to the slope, the third side is horizontal, the fourth side is perpendicular to the anchor rod, and the fifth side is vertical.

[0013] The upper part of the anti-slip tenon is provided with a reverse tilt angle, and the slope of the reverse tilt angle is 0~1:5.

[0014] The retaining wall includes a base and a wall set on the base. The base is equipped with reinforcing anchor rods to anchor and reinforce the retaining wall to the stable rock layer at the bottom.

[0015] The top surface of the slag counterpressure layer includes a first transition slope and a first transition platform. The starting height of the first transition slope is flush with or slightly lower than the top surface of the retaining wall. A water interception ditch is excavated at the connection between the first transition platform and the slope. The slope ratio of the first transition slope is in the range of 1:2.4 to 1:2.9.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention provides a construction method for a slope protection structure prone to landslides, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Obtain the location of cracks and weak interlayers within the target area, and determine the anchoring points, retaining wall points, and the area to be cleared based on the location of cracks and weak interlayers.

[0018] All soil and debris in the area to be cleared were removed to form a slope and protective surface;

[0019] Drill anchor holes and anchor beam installation slots at the anchor points along a preset angle, place the anchor rods and anchor beams in the anchor holes and anchor beam installation slots, and then pour concrete.

[0020] A retaining wall was poured at the specified retaining wall point, and reinforced anchor bolts were used to anchor the retaining wall to the bottom stable rock layer.

[0021] Anti-slip tenons are evenly arranged within the protective surface between the retaining wall and the anchoring structure;

[0022] Backfill the space between the retaining wall and the slope with slag.

[0023] When all the soil and debris in the area to be cleared are removed, the method of cutting steps is used to excavate layer by layer, and the weak interlayers below the collapsed area and the easily collapsed area are cleared along the direction of the weak interlayer.

[0024] Beneficial effects

[0025] This invention achieves efficient treatment of landslides on bedding rock slopes with weak interlayers through the synergistic effect of a triple structure, possessing multiple practical advantages: First, it significantly improves overall stability, with anti-sliding tenons increasing interlayer friction, anchor beams restraining rock mass slippage, and anti-sliding retaining walls strengthening the slope toe defense line, comprehensively blocking the slippage path and completely resolving the hidden danger of slope landslides; Second, construction is convenient and controllable, requiring no complex construction equipment or professional technical operations, with layered construction and continuous procedures, effectively shortening the construction period and reducing construction difficulty; Third, it combines economy and practicality, requiring no additional high costs, providing long-lasting treatment effects, and minimizing post-construction maintenance. It is suitable for slope pre-control in new projects as well as for the repair and treatment of existing slope defects, adapting to the slope protection needs of infrastructure projects under various complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the slope protection structure for easy landslides according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the retaining wall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-slip tenon of the present invention.

[0030] 1-Anchoring structure; 11-Anchoring beam; 12-Anchor rod; 2-Anti-slip tenon; 3-Retaining wall; 31-Base; 32-Wall; 33-Reinforced anchor rod; 4-Slag back pressure layer; 5-Protective surface; 6-Slope; 7-Weak interlayer; 8-Stable rock layer; 9-Area to be cleared; 10-Crack. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a slope protection structure prone to landslides includes:

[0034] Anchoring structure 1 is installed at the anchoring point where the slope surface 6 and the protective surface 5 intersect. Anchoring structure 1 obliquely penetrates the weak interlayer 7 and inserts into the stable rock layer 8. The protective surface 5 is flush with the bottom surface of the weak interlayer 7.

[0035] Retaining wall 3, which is vertically installed at the retaining wall point along the edge of the protective surface 5.

[0036] Anti-slip tenons 2 are evenly distributed on the protective surface 5 between the retaining wall 3 and the anchoring structure 1.

[0037] Slag back pressure layer 4, which is filled between retaining wall 3 and slope 6.

[0038] Anchoring structure 1 includes: an anchoring beam 11 and anchor rods 12. Anchor rods 12 pass through the anchoring beam 11 and are inserted into anchor holes with a diameter of not less than 50 mm. The anchor rods 12 form a 40° angle with the horizontal plane. The ends of anchor rods 12 are threaded and locked with nuts and anchor plates. After the ends of anchor rods 12 are coated with anti-corrosion agent, anchor caps are installed. The pull-out resistance of anchor rods 12 is not less than 180 kN. Anchoring beam 11 consists of an anchoring beam skeleton surrounded by several steel bars and filled with concrete. The anchoring beam skeleton is a pentagonal prism frame structure filled with concrete. The first side of anchoring beam 11 is attached to the protective surface 5, the second side is attached to the slope surface 6, the third side is horizontal, the fourth side is perpendicular to the anchor rods 12, and the fifth side is vertical. Anchoring beam 11 and anchor holes are filled with concrete. Anchor rods 12 penetrate the weak interlayer 7 and are anchored to the stable rock layer 8, binding the slope into a whole, restraining the rock mass from sliding along the bedding plane, and improving the overall stiffness of the slope.

[0039] Anti-slip tenon 2 is a concrete block with a reverse slope angle. The slope ratio of the upper reverse slope angle is between 0 and 1:5 (inclusive). Setting a certain reverse slope angle can increase the anti-slip cross section and improve the anti-slip capacity of anti-slip tenon 2. The upper limit of the slope ratio is controlled at 1:5. According to Article 5.2.1 of the "Highway Subgrade Design Specification" JTG D30-2015 and the subgrade filling construction requirements, limiting the slope ratio to ≤1:5 can avoid the problems of increased construction difficulty and difficulty in controlling compaction quality during the filling of counterweight soil, and ensure the stability and construction economy of the subgrade filling. The bottom of anti-slip tenon 2 is lower than the protective surface 5 and embedded in the stable rock layer 8 below, which is conducive to the stability of anti-slip tenon 2.

[0040] The retaining wall 3 includes a base 31 and a wall 32 mounted on the base 31. The base 31 is equipped with reinforcing anchor rods 33 to anchor and reinforce the retaining wall 3 to the stable rock layer 8 at the bottom, enhancing the retaining wall 3's resistance to landslide thrust. The wall 32 can be an inclined structure or a vertical structure. The base 31 and the wall 32 can be connected by an integral concrete pour or by bolts or other fixing methods. It should be noted that the height of the retaining wall 3 and the distance between the retaining wall 3 and the anchor beam 11 are closely related to the geological conditions of the landslide-prone area and need to be specifically set according to the specific circumstances. All settings regarding the height of the retaining wall 3 and the distance between the retaining wall 3 and the anchor beam 11 based on the landslide-prone slope protection structure of this invention are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0041] The top surface of the slag counterpressure layer 4 includes a first transition slope and a first transition platform. The starting height of the first transition slope is flush with or slightly lower than the top surface of the retaining wall 3. A water interception ditch is excavated at the connection between the first transition platform and the slope 6. The slag back pressure layer 4 is compacted to further ensure the stability of the protective structure and prevent landslides; the slope ratio of the first transition slope is 1:2.4 to 1:2.9; a layer of planting soil can be laid on top of the slag back pressure layer 4, and grass seeds suitable for the growth of this area can be sown in the planting soil. After the grass survives, shrubs suitable for the growth of this area are planted, and after the shrubs survive, trees suitable for the growth of this area are planted. In this way, the herbaceous plants (roots can reach 20-30cm) can prevent rainwater from eroding the slope 6, and the well-developed root systems of shrubs (roots can reach 60-70cm) and trees (roots can reach 100-150cm or more) can fix the slope 6, reduce water evaporation in the slope, maintain the water balance in the slope, effectively protect the slope, and green the slope 6.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A construction method for a slope protection structure prone to landslides includes the following steps:

[0044] Obtain the location of crack 10 and weak interlayer 7 within the target area. Determine the anchoring point, retaining wall point, and the range of area 9 to be cleared based on the location of crack 10 and weak interlayer 7. Area 9 to be cleared includes the collapsed area, the easily collapsed area, and the weak interlayer 7 below the collapsed area and the easily collapsed area. The easily collapsed area includes the first easily collapsed area between the location of crack 10 above the weak interlayer and the collapsed area, and the second easily collapsed area between the location of crack 10 above the weak interlayer and the slope 6.

[0045] All soil and debris in the area to be cleared 9 are removed to form a slope 6 and a protective surface 5. The intersection of the slope 6 and the protective surface 5 is the anchor point. The retaining wall point is located at the edge of the protective surface 5 below the anchor point. The protective surface 5 is flush with the bottom surface of the remaining weak interlayer. During the clearing process, it is necessary to excavate layer by layer by cutting steps, taking into account the site geology and slope height. The weak interlayer 7 below the collapsed area and the easily collapsed area is cleared along the direction of the weak interlayer 7. The slope ratio of the slope 6 is preset according to the site exploration. The slope ratio of the protective surface 5 is the same as the slope ratio of the weak interlayer. In this embodiment, the slope ratio of the slope 6 is set to 1:0.75.

[0046] Anchor holes and installation slots for anchor beam 11 are drilled at the anchor point along a preset angle. Anchor rod 12 and anchor beam 11 are placed in the anchor holes and installation slots for anchor beam 11, and concrete is poured. In this embodiment, the anchor rod 12 is 6m long and 32mm in diameter. The distance between adjacent anchor rods 12 in the lateral direction is 2m, and the anchor rod 12 makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal direction.

[0047] The retaining wall 3 is constructed by pouring concrete at the edge of the protective surface 5 and anchoring it to the bottom stable rock layer 8 using reinforcing anchor rods 33. The retaining wall 3 bears the landslide thrust and prevents soil deformation at the slope toe. The top elevation of the retaining wall 3 is flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the weak interlayer 7 after excavation, increasing with the thickness of the weak interlayer 7 to ensure that the retaining wall 3 meets the requirements for landslide prevention. In this embodiment, the overall height of the retaining wall 3 is 3m, the base 31 is 1m high, the wall 32 is 2m high, the reinforcing anchor rods 33 have a diameter of 32mm and a length of 150cm, and the spacing between adjacent reinforcing anchor rods 33 is 75cm, vertically inserted into the stable rock layer 8.

[0048] Anti-slip tenons 2 are evenly arranged within the protective surface 5 between the retaining wall 3 and the anchoring structure 1. The interlocking characteristics of the anti-slip tenons 2 increase the friction and shear strength between the soil layers. In this embodiment, the anti-slip tenon 2 has a reverse slope of 1:10, a top height of 75cm, a bottom height of 85cm, is embedded 25cm into the stable rock layer, and is spaced 10m apart from adjacent anti-slip tenons 2. It is constructed using C30 strength concrete.

[0049] In this embodiment, slag is backfilled between retaining wall 3 and slope 6. The slope ratio of the first transition slope of slag counterweight layer 4 is 1:2.47.

[0050] This invention achieves efficient treatment of landslides on bedding rock slopes with weak interlayers through the synergistic effect of a triple structure, possessing multiple practical advantages: First, it significantly improves overall stability, with anti-sliding tenons increasing interlayer friction, anchor beams restraining rock mass slippage, and anti-sliding retaining walls strengthening the slope toe defense line, comprehensively blocking the slippage path and completely resolving the hidden danger of slope landslides; Second, construction is convenient and controllable, requiring no complex construction equipment or professional technical operations, with layered construction and continuous procedures, effectively shortening the construction period and reducing construction difficulty; Third, it combines economy and practicality, requiring no additional high costs, providing long-lasting treatment effects, and minimizing post-construction maintenance. It is suitable for slope pre-control in new projects as well as for the repair and treatment of existing slope defects, adapting to the slope protection needs of infrastructure projects under various complex geological conditions.

[0051] It can be implemented using conventional geotechnical engineering construction techniques and can be widely applied to rock slope treatment in highways, railways, municipal engineering, and other fields. It is particularly valuable for the treatment of soft, interlayered, bedding slopes in mountainous areas. In actual projects, the dimensions of the anti-slide mortise and tenon joints, the spacing of the anchor beams, and the specifications of the anti-slide retaining walls can be flexibly adjusted according to the slope height, parameters of the soft interlayer, and the magnitude of the landslide thrust to adapt to the treatment needs of different working conditions. It has broad application prospects in the field of infrastructure slope protection in the future.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope protection structure prone to landslides, characterized in that, include: An anchoring structure is installed at the anchoring point where the slope and the protective surface meet. The anchoring structure is inclined to penetrate the weak interlayer and insert into the stable rock layer, wherein the protective surface is flush with the bottom surface of the weak interlayer. A retaining wall, wherein the retaining wall is vertically installed at the retaining wall point at the edge of the protective surface; Anti-slip tenons are evenly distributed on the protective surface between the retaining wall and the anchoring structure, and the bottom of the anti-slip tenons is embedded in a stable rock layer. A slag back pressure layer is filled between the retaining wall and the slope.

2. The slope protection structure for easy landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring structure includes an anchoring beam and an anchor rod. An anchoring point is drilled with an anchoring hole facing the stable rock stratum. Concrete is poured into the anchoring hole. The anchoring beam consists of an anchoring beam skeleton surrounded by several steel bars and the concrete filling inside it. The anchor rod passes through the anchoring beam skeleton and is bonded to the anchoring beam through concrete.

3. The slope protection structure for easy landslides according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchoring beam frame is a pentagonal prism frame structure. The first side of the anchoring beam is attached to the protective surface, the second side is attached to the slope, the third side is horizontal, the fourth side is perpendicular to the anchor rod, and the fifth side is vertical.

4. The slope protection structure for easily collapsing landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the anti-slip tenon is provided with a reverse tilt angle, and the slope of the reverse tilt angle is 0~1:

5.

5. The slope protection structure for easily collapsing landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining wall includes a base and a wall set on the base. The base is equipped with reinforcing anchor rods to anchor and reinforce the retaining wall to the stable rock layer at the bottom.

6. The slope protection structure for easy landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the slag counterpressure layer includes a first transition slope and a first transition platform. The starting height of the first transition slope is flush with or slightly lower than the top surface of the retaining wall. A water interception ditch is excavated at the connection between the first transition platform and the slope. The slope ratio of the first transition slope is in the range of 1:2.4 to 1:2.

9.

7. A construction method for a slope protection structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the location of cracks and weak interlayers within the target area, and determine the anchoring points, retaining wall points, and the area to be cleared based on the location of cracks and weak interlayers. All soil and debris in the area to be cleared were removed to form a slope and protective surface; Drill anchor holes and anchor beam installation slots at the anchor points along a preset angle, place the anchor rods and anchor beams in the anchor holes and anchor beam installation slots, and then pour concrete. A retaining wall was poured at the specified retaining wall point, and reinforced anchor bolts were used to anchor the retaining wall to the bottom stable rock layer. Anti-slip tenons are evenly arranged within the protective surface between the retaining wall and the anchoring structure; Backfill the space between the retaining wall and the slope with slag.

8. The construction method of the slope protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, When all the soil and debris in the area to be cleared are removed, the method of cutting steps is used to excavate layer by layer, and the weak interlayers below the collapsed area and the easily collapsed area are cleared along the direction of the weak interlayer.

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