A method and device for assisting rock breaking by microwave irradiation in a hole
By integrating drill rods and coaxial waveguides onto the tunnel boring machine, microwave fracturing within the borehole was achieved, solving the problems of shallow microwave fracturing depth and low energy utilization efficiency, and enabling rock breaking at greater depths and with higher efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEASTERN UNIV CHINA
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, microwave fracturing has a shallow fracturing depth in rocks, low energy utilization efficiency, difficulty in efficient coordination with mechanical tunneling, and difficulty in integration with tunneling machines.
A perforation is provided at the end of the cutting head of the tunneling machine, with an internal placement frame and lifting and telescopic components. The drill rod and coaxial waveguide are integrated. After drilling, the wire is fed into the coaxial waveguide to perform microwave fracturing inside the hole. The rigid waveguide diffuses the microwave energy, and the flexible waveguide is connected to the microwave generator.
It achieves greater microwave fracturing depth and higher energy utilization, and integrates drilling-microwave-tunneling, thus improving tunneling efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122106608A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of assisted rock breaking technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for assisted rock breaking by microwave irradiation inside a borehole. Background Technology
[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Microwave fracturing is a physical fracturing technique that uses the electromagnetic energy of microwaves to convert into thermal energy inside the rock, causing micro-cracks and a significant reduction in strength through thermal stress damage. It belongs to the category of "non-contact rock weakening technology" and is different from traditional blasting (chemical energy) and mechanical impact (mechanical energy) fracturing.
[0004] The most common type of "microwave fracturing" is "surface microwave fracturing," which uses a standard or horn-shaped planar microwave radiator that is placed close to the rock surface. The radiator and the microwave generator are connected by a transmission line. When the microwave generator is started, microwave energy diffuses from the radiator to the rock surface in a planar manner, thereby weakening or peeling off the surface rock.
[0005] However, the fracturing depth of "surface microwave fracturing" is usually shallow (usually ≤0.4m, and can only act on the surface), and some of the energy is scattered by the air and reflected by the surface. It is usually deployed independently and is difficult to integrate into the tunneling machine.
[0006] Chinese utility model patent application CN203961781U discloses a downhole microwave-assisted rock-breaking drill bit, which barely manages to integrate "surface microwave fracturing" into the drill bit. However, because it uses a "surface microwave fracturing" method and the microwave energy is only located in the middle of the drill bit, and considering actual working conditions, it has the following limitations: First, microwave energy is easily reflected and attenuated when irradiated on the rock wall surface, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency and a limited cracking range; second, the process connection is relatively simple, making it difficult to achieve efficient synergy between microwave fracturing and mechanical tunneling. Therefore, the actual effect of this "microwave fracturing" is inevitably less than expected.
[0007] Based on this, this application proposes a method and apparatus for borehole microwave irradiation-assisted rock breaking to solve such problems. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings by providing a method and apparatus for borehole microwave irradiation-assisted rock breaking.
[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for microwave-assisted rock breaking in boreholes includes: S1. A through hole is made at the rotation center of the end of the cutting head of the tunneling machine, and the through hole passes through the cutting head and the main shaft of the tunneling machine; S2. A placement frame is installed inside the main shaft of the tunneling machine. Drill rods and coaxial waveguides are placed side by side in the placement frame. The placement frame can rotate synchronously with the main shaft. The drill rods and coaxial waveguides are slidably adapted to the placement frame and can rotate together with the placement frame. S3. A lifting component and a telescopic component are installed inside the main shaft of the tunneling machine. The lifting component is used to drive the placement frame to move radially along the main shaft, so that the drill rod and the coaxial waveguide are aligned with the borehole. The telescopic component is used to push one end of the drill rod or coaxial waveguide aligned with the borehole out of the cutting head. Microwave fracturing in the borehole is performed by drilling first and then sending one end of the coaxial waveguide into the borehole. The coaxial waveguide is a rigid waveguide with multiple openings on its periphery that penetrate the interior. Microwaves diffuse outward through the openings. The coaxial waveguide is connected to the microwave generator through a flexible waveguide.
[0010] An auxiliary rock-breaking device is used in the above-mentioned borehole microwave irradiation-assisted rock-breaking method and is placed inside the main shaft of a tunneling machine, including the above-mentioned placement frame, lifting component and telescopic component. The placement frame is provided with two placement slots, which are used to place drill rods and coaxial waveguides respectively. The two ends of the placement slots are open to allow drill rods and coaxial waveguides to enter and exit. The lifting component is located between the placement frame and the inner wall of the main shaft, and is used to drive the placement frame to move in the radial direction of the main shaft, so that the drill rod and the coaxial waveguide are respectively aligned with the perforation. The telescopic component is located inside the main shaft, and its telescopic end can extend into the placement frame to push one end of the drill rod or coaxial waveguide aligned with the perforation to extend out of the cutting head. It also includes a first pair of connectors and a second pair of connectors. The first pair of connectors is fixed to the drill pipe and the coaxial waveguide at the ends facing the telescopic component, respectively. The second pair of connectors is located at the telescopic end of the telescopic component and is used to dock with the first pair of connectors. It can also be separated from the first pair of connectors when the telescopic end of the telescopic component is removed from the placement frame.
[0011] Furthermore, each placement slot has a first sliding groove on its sidewall along the length of the placement slot. The first connector is provided with a slider that slides with the first sliding groove at the position of the corresponding first sliding groove. The first connector drives the corresponding drill rod and coaxial waveguide to slide on the placement frame and rotate with the placement frame through the cooperation of the slider and the first sliding groove.
[0012] Furthermore, the first pair of connectors is cylindrical with its opening facing the side where the telescopic component is located. An annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the first pair of connectors away from the telescopic component. At least one guide groove communicating with the annular groove and penetrating the opening of the cylinder is also provided on the inner wall of the first pair of connectors. The second pair of connectors includes a sliding rod, a sliding sleeve, and a damping element. One end of the sliding rod is connected to the sliding sleeve and can rotate with the sliding sleeve. The other end of the sliding rod is provided with a docking block. The docking block corresponds one-to-one with the guide groove and can enter the annular slot along the guide groove. It rotates under the drive of the sliding sleeve to achieve docking with the first pair of connectors. The end of the sliding sleeve away from the sliding rod is rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic component. The damping element is provided between the sliding sleeve and the telescopic end of the telescopic component to provide damping for the rotation of the sliding sleeve. A guide block is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve. The guide block is spirally ascending. Two sets of latches are provided on the end of the placement frame facing the telescopic component. The two sets of latches are respectively arranged at the positions of the two placement slots. The latches are used to match the guide block when the sliding sleeve is inserted into the placement frame, so as to drive the sliding sleeve to rotate. When one end of the guide block enters the latch, the docking block has already entered the annular slot through the guide groove.
[0013] Furthermore, one end of the slide rod is slidably disposed within the sliding sleeve and can rotate together with the sliding sleeve. A first elastic element is provided between the slide rod and the sliding sleeve, and the first elastic element is used to push the slide rod to slide away from the end of the sliding sleeve.
[0014] Furthermore, the damping element includes a damping groove and an ejector, one of which is disposed on the outer side of the telescopic end and the other is disposed on the inner side of the sliding sleeve. At least two damping grooves are provided, and the ejector cooperates with the damping groove and switches between the two damping grooves when the sliding sleeve rotates.
[0015] Furthermore, the lifting component includes a power assembly and multiple rotating cross assemblies. Each cross assembly includes two intersecting connecting rods, the middle of which are rotatably connected together. One end of the connecting rod is slidably connected to the corresponding placement frame. One end of the connecting rod away from the placement frame is rotatably connected to the main shaft or cutting head, and the other end of the connecting rod away from the placement frame is slidably disposed. The power assembly includes a power component and a drive rod. One end of the drive rod is connected to the power component, and the other end of the drive rod is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting rod that is away from the placement frame and is slidably disposed therein. The power component is used to drive the drive rod to move linearly back and forth, change the shape of each rotating cross component, and realize the lifting and lowering of the placement frame.
[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a winding device and a flexible waveguide. The winding device includes two winding wheels, and the flexible waveguide is wound around the two winding wheels in an "∞" shape. One end of the flexible waveguide is connected to a coaxial waveguide, and the other end is connected to a microwave generator. The two take-up rollers are rotatably disposed within the main shaft, and the rotation axis of the take-up rollers is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft. The ends of the take-up rollers are slidably disposed within the main shaft, so that the distance between the two take-up rollers is adjustable. The system also includes a third elastic element, which is used to push the take-up rollers to move so that the distance between the two rollers increases.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: This invention integrates "microwave fracturing" into a tunneling machine, achieving a highly integrated device that combines drilling, microwave, and tunneling, resulting in high tunneling efficiency. Unlike surface microwave fracturing, in-hole microwave fracturing has a greater depth, allowing for a longer distance of rock breaking and higher energy utilization. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cutting head of a tunneling machine; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary rock-breaking device inside the cutting head (the winding wheel, drill rod, and coaxial waveguide are omitted). Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second connectors in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the damping component described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the winding reel described in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial waveguide described in this invention.
[0019] In the picture: 1. Cutting head; 11. Perforation; 12. Main shaft; 121. Third slide groove; 122. Sliding seat; 123. Third elastic element; 13. Rewinding wheel; 2. Placement rack; 21. Placement slot; 211. First slide rail; 22. Bayonet; 23. Second slide rail; 3. Drill pipe; 4. Coaxial waveguide; 41. Opening; 42. Connector; 5. Lifting components; 51. Rotating cross assembly; 52. Power components; 53. Drive rod; 6. Telescopic components; 7. Flexible waveguide; 71. Rotary joint; 8. First connector; 81. Slider; 82. Annular groove; 83. Guide groove; 9. Second joint; 91. Slide rod; 911. Connecting block; 912. Limiting block; 92. Sliding sleeve; 921. Guide block; 922. Limiting groove; 93. Damping component; 931. Damping groove; 932. Ejector; 94. First elastic component. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Please see Figure 1-7 This invention discloses a method for microwave-assisted rock breaking in boreholes, comprising: S1. A through hole 11 is made at the rotation center of the end of the cutting head 1 of the tunneling machine, and the through hole 11 passes through the cutting head 1 and the main shaft 12 of the tunneling machine. S2. A placement frame 2 is installed inside the main shaft 12 of the tunneling machine so that the placement frame 2 can rotate synchronously with the main shaft 12 and can move in the radial direction of the main shaft 12. A drill rod 3 and a coaxial waveguide 4 are placed side by side in the placement frame 2. The drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 can rotate together with the placement frame 2 and can slide along the length direction of the placement frame 2. S3. A lifting component 5 and a telescopic component 6 are installed inside the main shaft 12 of the tunneling machine. The lifting component 5 is used to drive the placement frame 2 to move in the radial direction of the main shaft 12, so that the drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 are respectively aligned with the through hole 11. The telescopic component 6 is used to push one end of the drill rod 3 or the coaxial waveguide 4 aligned with the through hole 11 out of the cutting head 1 to drill or to send one end of the coaxial waveguide 4 into the drill hole. Microwave fracturing in the hole is performed by drilling first and then sending one end of the coaxial waveguide 4 into the drill hole. The coaxial waveguide 4 is a rigid waveguide. Multiple openings 41 that penetrate the interior are opened on the periphery of the rigid waveguide. Microwaves diffuse to the surroundings through the openings 41. The coaxial waveguide 4 is connected to the microwave generator (not shown in the figure) through the flexible waveguide 7.
[0022] In practice, when the tunneling machine encounters a rock layer with high hardness (such as granite, basalt, quartzite, etc.), the perforation 11 on the cutting head 1 is aligned with the target rock. Then, the telescopic component 6 drives the placement frame 2 to move radially within the main shaft 12, aligning the drill rod 3 with the perforation 11. The telescopic component 6 then pushes the drill rod 3, aligned with the perforation 11, out of the cutting head 1. Since the placement frame 2 rotates synchronously with the main shaft 12, the drill rod 3 rotates together with the placement frame 2. Therefore, the rotating cutting head 1 or the main shaft 12 drives the drill rod 3 to rotate, drilling the target rock. After drilling is completed, the position of the cutting head 1 remains unchanged, the drill rod 3 is retracted, and then the telescopic component 6 drives the placement frame 2 to move so that the coaxial waveguide 4 is aligned with the perforation 11. Then, the coaxial waveguide 4 enters the borehole under the push of the telescopic component 6. Then, the microwave generator is started, and the microwaves diffuse outward through the openings 41 around the coaxial waveguide 4 to induce microwave fracturing in the borehole. Considering that the drilling depth will be greater than 1 meter, a winding device can be installed inside the main shaft 12 of the tunneling machine to wind up and unwind the flexible waveguide.
[0023] This invention integrates "microwave fracturing" into a tunneling machine, achieving a highly integrated device that combines drilling, microwave, and tunneling, resulting in high tunneling efficiency. Unlike surface microwave fracturing, in-hole microwave fracturing has a greater depth, allowing for a longer distance of rock breaking and higher energy utilization.
[0024] It should be noted that both rigid and flexible waveguides are existing products available on the market and are common knowledge to those skilled in the art, so they will not be discussed further here.
[0025] Preferably, this application can use a high-power microwave generator. Considering the size and heat dissipation of the high-power microwave generator, the microwave generator should be set on the outside of the main shaft 12 and connected to the coaxial waveguide 4 located inside the main shaft 12 through a flexible waveguide. Since the coaxial waveguide 4 will rotate synchronously with the main shaft 12, a rotating joint 71 (the rotating joint 71 is an existing technology and a mature product that can be purchased on the market) can be set between the flexible waveguide 7 and the coaxial waveguide 4. Alternatively, the flexible waveguide 7 can be divided into two sections, and the two sections of the flexible waveguide can be rotatably connected through the rotating joint 71. The rotating joint 71 is set at the rotation center of the main shaft 12 (the rotating joint 71 is fixed at the rotation center of the main shaft 12 by a bracket).
[0026] Preferably, in order to enable the placement frame 2 to rotate synchronously with the main shaft 12, the placement frame 2 can be made into a rectangle, and then a rectangular sliding cavity can be provided in the main shaft 12 for the placement frame 2 to slide, so that the placement frame 2 can rotate synchronously with the main shaft 12 and can move in the radial direction of the main shaft 12. Of course, other methods can also be used to achieve this, such as opening a sliding groove in the main shaft 12, and having a part of the placement frame 2 extend into the sliding groove to slide and engage with it. There are many solutions that can achieve "the placement frame 2 rotates synchronously with the main shaft 12 and can move in the main shaft 12", which will not be listed here.
[0027] This application also discloses an auxiliary rock-breaking device, applied in the above-mentioned borehole microwave irradiation-assisted rock-breaking method, and placed inside the main shaft 12 of the tunnel boring machine, comprising: The mounting frame 2 has two mounting slots 21 arranged radially on the main shaft 12, which are used to mount the drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 respectively. The two ends of the mounting slots 21 are open to allow the drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 to enter and exit. The lifting component 5 is located between the placement frame 2 and the inner wall of the main shaft 12. It is used to drive the placement frame 2 to move in the radial direction of the main shaft 12, so that the drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 are respectively aligned with the through hole 11. The telescopic component 6 is installed inside the main shaft 12. Its telescopic end can extend into the placement frame 2 and push one end of the drill rod 3 or coaxial waveguide 4, which is aligned with the perforation 11, to extend out of the cutting head 1. The first pair of connectors 8 are respectively fixed to the drill rod 3 and the coaxial waveguide 4 at the end facing the telescopic component 6; The second pair of connectors 9 is located at the telescopic end of the telescopic component 6, for docking with the first pair of connectors 8, and can be separated from the first pair of connectors 8 when the telescopic end of the telescopic component 6 exits the placement frame 2.
[0028] Preferably, the first pair of connectors 8 is fixed to the corresponding drill rod 3 and coaxial waveguide 4 by a detachable method (such as threaded connection, bolt connection, snap-fit) (the specific fixing structure is not shown in the figure).
[0029] Preferably, the telescopic component 6 is an electric telescopic rod; more preferably, a multi-stage telescopic electric telescopic rod is selected.
[0030] In one embodiment, the sidewall of each placement slot 21 is provided with a first sliding groove 211 along the length direction of the placement slot 21. The first connector 8 is provided with a slider 81 that slides and engages with the first sliding groove 211 at the position of the corresponding first sliding groove 211. The first connector 8 drives the corresponding drill rod 3 and coaxial waveguide 4 to slide on the placement frame 2 and rotate together with the placement frame 2 through the engagement of the slider 81 and the first sliding groove 211.
[0031] In one embodiment, although the first pair of connectors 8 and the second pair of connectors 9 can be connected by magnetic attraction, plug-in engagement, negative pressure engagement, etc., these methods either have too little pulling force, making it difficult to pull the drill rod 3 or coaxial waveguide 4 back to the placement frame 2 once it gets stuck in the borehole, or they require an additional negative pressure source, which is costly and not conducive to simplifying the equipment. Therefore, this application adopts the following solution: The first pair of connectors 8 is cylindrical, with its opening facing the side where the telescopic component 6 is located. An annular groove 82 is provided on the inner wall of the first pair of connectors 8 away from the telescopic component 6 (the annular groove 82 can be circular or semi-circular; when it is semi-circular, there can be multiple semi-circular grooves 82). At least one guide groove 83 is also provided on the cylindrical wall of the first pair of connectors 8, which communicates with the annular groove 82 and passes through the opening of the cylinder. The second pair of connectors 9 includes a slide rod 91, a slide sleeve 92, and a damping element 93. One end of the slide rod 91 is connected to the slide sleeve 92 and can rotate with the slide sleeve 92. The other end of the slide rod 91 is provided with a docking block 911, which corresponds one-to-one with the guide groove 83. It can enter the annular slot 82 along the guide groove 83 and rotate under the drive of the slide sleeve 92 to achieve docking with the first pair of connectors 8. The end of the slide sleeve 92 away from the slide rod 91 is rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic component 6. The damping element 93 is provided between the slide sleeve 92 and the telescopic end of the telescopic component 6 to provide damping for the rotation of the slide sleeve 92. The outer side of the sliding sleeve 92 is provided with a guide block 921, which is spirally upward. The end of the placement frame 2 facing the telescopic component 6 is provided with two sets of latches 22, which are respectively arranged at the positions of the two placement slots 21. The latches 22 are used to match the guide block 921 when the sliding sleeve 92 is inserted into the placement frame 2, so as to drive the sliding sleeve 92 to rotate. When one end of the guide block 921 enters the latch 22, the docking block 911 has already entered the annular latch 82 through the guide groove 83.
[0032] During operation, the telescopic end of the telescopic component 6 extends, driving the sliding sleeve 92 and the sliding rod 91 to move into the placement frame 2. The mating block 911 on the sliding rod 91 first enters the first mating joint 8 through the guide groove 83 until the mating block 911 on the sliding rod 91 enters the annular slot 82. Then, the sliding sleeve 92 enters the placement frame 2. At the same time as the sliding sleeve 92 enters the placement frame 2, one end of the guide block 921 enters the slot 22 and engages with the slot 22. The telescopic end continues to extend, and the guide block 921 continues to move, causing the sliding sleeve 92 to rotate. The rotating sliding sleeve 92 drives the sliding rod 91 to rotate synchronously, thus achieving docking with the first mating joint 8. When the telescopic end retracts, the guide block 921 first engages with the slot 22 to rotate the sliding sleeve 92. The rotating sliding sleeve 92 drives the sliding rod 91 to rotate synchronously, causing the mating block 911 to rotate in the annular slot 82 and align with the guide groove 83 until it is aligned. Then, when the telescopic end continues to retract, the mating block 911 separates from the first mating joint 8 through the guide groove 83.
[0033] In one embodiment, one end of the slide rod 91 is slidably disposed within the slide sleeve 92 and can rotate together with the slide sleeve 92. A first elastic element 94 is provided between the slide rod 91 and the slide sleeve 92, and the first elastic element 94 is used to push the slide rod 91 to slide away from the end of the slide sleeve 92.
[0034] In practical implementation, the use of springs serves two purposes. First, it increases the initial length of the sliding rod 91 extending from the sliding sleeve 92 to accommodate cylindrical first connectors 8 of different depths. Second, it compensates for the first connector 8 not being fully reset, ensuring that the mating block 911 on the sliding rod 91 has entered the annular groove 82 before one end of the guide block 921 enters the bayonet 22. Third, because the extension movement of the telescopic end is uniform and controllable, while the movement speed of the first connector 8 is affected by vibrations, obstacles, etc., it is prone to lurching forward. Before the sliding rod 91 rotates, it cannot be ensured that the mating block 911 remains stably in the annular groove 82. The elastic element ensures that the end of the sliding rod 91 is always in contact with the inner surface of the first connector 8. The joint abuts to ensure that the connecting block 911 remains stably in the annular groove 82 before the slide rod 91 rotates. In addition, during the drilling process of the drill rod 3, the use of the first elastic element 94 can block and reduce the transmission of vibration during drilling, thereby improving the service life of the telescopic component 6. When encountering uneven rock layer distribution in the drilling direction (i.e., hard-soft-hard interlayer rock mass structure), the first elastic element 94 can also provide a certain amount of retraction margin for the drill rod 3 when facing the harder rock layer, avoiding damage to the drill rod 3. When facing the softer rock layer, the compression amount of the first elastic element 94 beforehand (i.e., the first elastic element 94 will have a certain amount of compression during normal drilling) can be released, accelerating the drilling progress of the softer rock layer, thereby improving the overall drilling efficiency.
[0035] In specific implementation, a limiting block 912 is provided at one end of the corresponding sliding sleeve 92 of the sliding rod 91. A long strip-shaped limiting groove 922 is opened in the sliding sleeve 92 along its length direction. The limiting block 912 is adapted to the limiting groove 922 to make the sliding sleeve 92 and the sliding rod 91 rotate synchronously and to prevent the sliding rod 91 from sliding out of the sliding sleeve 92. Of course, there are many similar ways to prevent the sliding rod 91 from sliding out of the sliding sleeve 92 (for example, a limiting baffle is provided at the end of the sliding rod 91, and the diameter of the end of the sliding sleeve 92 corresponding to the sliding rod 91 is smaller than the size of the limiting baffle). There are also many ways to make the sliding sleeve 92 and the sliding rod 91 rotate synchronously (for example, the cross section of the sliding rod 91 is not circular, so that the sliding sleeve 92 and the sliding rod 91 can rotate synchronously). These will not be listed here, and no specific limitation is made.
[0036] In one embodiment, the damping member 93 includes a damping groove 931 and an ejector 932. One of the damping groove 931 and the ejector 932 is disposed on the outer side of the telescopic end, and the other is disposed on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 92. At least two damping grooves 931 are provided. The ejector 932 cooperates with the damping groove 931 and switches between the two damping grooves 931 when the sliding sleeve 92 rotates.
[0037] Specifically, the ejector 932 is disposed on the outer side of the telescopic end, including at least one telescopic hole opened on the outer side of the telescopic end, a top bead is slidably disposed in the telescopic hole, and a second elastic member is disposed between the top bead and the telescopic hole, the second elastic member being used to push one end of the top bead out of the telescopic hole. The damping groove 931 is located on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 92. The damping groove 931 is adapted to the top ball. Before and after the sliding sleeve 92 rotates, the top ball switches from one damping groove 931 to another. The damping element 93 is configured to provide damping for the rotation of the sliding sleeve 92, which can prevent the sliding sleeve 92 from rotating automatically under conditions such as vibration.
[0038] In one embodiment, although the lifting component 5 can be directly lifted using an electric telescopic rod, considering the limited space inside the main shaft 12, this application adopts the following structure: The lifting component 5 includes a power component and multiple rotating cross components 51. Each cross component includes two intersecting connecting rods. The middle parts of the connecting rods are rotatably connected together. One end of the corresponding placement frame 2 is slidably connected to the placement frame 2. One end of one connecting rod away from the placement frame 2 is rotatably connected to the main shaft 12 or the cutting head 1, and the other end of the connecting rod away from the placement frame 2 is slidably set. The power assembly includes a power component 52 and a drive rod 53. One end of the drive rod 53 is connected to the power component 52, and the other end of the drive rod 53 is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting rod that is away from the placement frame 2 and is slidably disposed therein. The power component 52 is used to drive the drive rod 53 to move linearly back and forth, change the shape of each rotating cross component 51, and realize the lifting and lowering of the placement frame 2.
[0039] In specific implementation, the bottom of the placement rack 2 is provided with a second sliding groove 23 that slides and adapts to the connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod can slide and adapt to the second sliding groove 23, or a roller can be provided at the end of the connecting rod to roll and adapt to the second sliding groove 23. The power component 52 is an electric telescopic rod, which is located inside the main shaft 12 and away from the placement rack 2. The above-mentioned lifting component 5 structure can achieve lifting and lowering of the placement rack 2 while minimizing the space occupied at the bottom of the placement rack 2, thus reserving sufficient space for lifting and lowering the placement rack 2.
[0040] Preferably, the drive rod 53 is plate-shaped, with a relief groove at the corresponding position of the connecting rod. The side walls on both sides of the relief groove can contact the side of the connecting rod, guiding the connecting rod during rotation. Of course, the drive rod 53 can also be a conventional rod-shaped rod.
[0041] In one embodiment, the device also includes a winding device and a flexible waveguide 7 (the flexible waveguide 7 in the figure is only a schematic diagram). The winding device includes two winding wheels 13. The flexible waveguide 7 is wound around the two winding wheels 13 in an "∞" shape. One end of the flexible waveguide 7 is connected to the coaxial waveguide 4, and the other end is connected to the microwave generator. The two take-up rollers 13 are rotatably disposed within the main shaft 12, and the rotation axis of the take-up rollers 13 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft 12. The ends of the take-up rollers 13 are slidably disposed within the main shaft 12, so that the distance between the two take-up rollers 13 is adjustable. The shaft also includes a third elastic element 123, which is used to push the take-up rollers 13 to move so that the distance between the two increases.
[0042] In specific implementation, the coaxial waveguide 4 is provided with a connection port 42 on one side of the corresponding first pair of connectors 8, which is connected to the flexible waveguide 7. A rotating connector 71 can be provided between the connection port 42 and the flexible waveguide 7, or the rotating connector 71 can be omitted here. The connection port 42 should be inclined to reduce the angle between the connector of the flexible waveguide 7 and the coaxial waveguide 4. The inner wall of the main shaft 12 is provided with a third sliding groove 121 on both sides along the length of the main shaft 12. A sliding seat 122 is slidably provided in the third sliding groove 121. The two ends of the take-up wheel 13 are rotatably connected to the sliding seats 122 in the third sliding groove 121 on both sides. The third elastic member 123 is located between the sliding seat 122 and the third sliding groove 121, pushing the sliding seat 122 to slide in the third sliding groove 121, so that the distance between the two increases.
[0043] During operation, the telescopic end pushes the coaxial waveguide 4 to move outward of the cutting head 1. At this time, the flexible waveguide 7 receives tension, which will drive the distance between the two winding wheels 13 to shorten and compress the third elastic element 123. When the coaxial waveguide 4 retracts, the distance between the two winding wheels 13 automatically increases under the push of the third elastic element 123, and the relaxed flexible waveguide 7 is wound up.
[0044] Preferably, the flexible waveguide 7 can be divided into two sections, and the two flexible waveguide sections are rotatably connected by a rotating joint 71, and the rotating joint 71 is set at the rotation center of the main shaft 12 (the rotating joint 71 is fixed at the rotation center of the main shaft 12 by a bracket).
[0045] Preferably, the take-up roller 13 can be configured to be composed of multiple rollers arranged in a ring, with baffles at both ends of the multiple rollers. The flexible waveguide 7 passes through the outer surface of the multiple rollers, thereby reducing the resistance of the flexible waveguide 7.
[0046] Preferably, the first elastic element 94, the second elastic element, and the third elastic element 123 are all springs.
[0047] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0048] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0049] Additionally, "multiple" refers to two or more.
[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for breaking rocks with microwave irradiation inside a borehole, characterized in that, include: S1. A through hole (11) is made at the rotation center of the end of the cutting head (1) of the tunneling machine, and the through hole (11) passes through the cutting head (1) and the main shaft (12) of the tunneling machine; S2. A placement frame (2) is set inside the main shaft (12) of the tunneling machine. Drill rods (3) and coaxial waveguides (4) are placed side by side in the placement frame (2). The placement frame (2) can rotate synchronously with the main shaft (12). The drill rods (3) and coaxial waveguides (4) are slidably adapted to the placement frame (2) and can rotate together with the placement frame (2). S3. A lifting component (5) and a telescopic component (6) are installed inside the main shaft (12) of the tunneling machine. The lifting component (5) is used to drive the placement frame (2) to move in the radial direction of the main shaft (12) so that the drill rod (3) and the coaxial waveguide (4) are aligned with the perforation (11) respectively. The telescopic component (6) is used to push one end of the drill rod (3) or the coaxial waveguide (4) aligned with the perforation (11) out of the cutting head (1). Microwave fracturing in the hole is performed by drilling first and then sending one end of the coaxial waveguide (4) into the hole. The coaxial waveguide (4) is a rigid waveguide. Multiple openings (41) are opened on the periphery of the rigid waveguide and penetrate the interior. Microwaves diffuse to the surroundings through the openings (41). The coaxial waveguide (4) is connected to the microwave generator through the flexible waveguide (7).
2. An auxiliary rock-breaking device, characterized in that, It is applied to the borehole microwave irradiation-assisted rock breaking method described in claim 1 and placed inside the main shaft (12) of the tunneling machine, including the placement frame (2), lifting component (5) and telescopic component (6) as described in claim 1; The placement rack (2) is provided with two placement slots (21) for placing the drill rod (3) and the coaxial waveguide (4) respectively. The two ends of the placement slots (21) are open for the drill rod (3) and the coaxial waveguide (4) to enter and exit. The lifting component (5) is located between the inner wall of the placement frame (2) and the main shaft (12), and is used to drive the placement frame (2) to move in the radial direction of the main shaft (12) so that the drill rod (3) and the coaxial waveguide (4) are aligned with the through hole (11) respectively. The telescopic component (6) is located inside the main shaft (12), and its telescopic end can extend into the placement frame (2) to push one end of the drill rod (3) or coaxial waveguide (4) aligned with the perforation (11) out of the cutting head (1); It also includes a first pair of connectors (8) and a second pair of connectors (9). The first pair of connectors (8) are fixed to the drill rod (3) and the coaxial waveguide (4) at one end facing the telescopic component (6), respectively. The second pair of connectors (9) is set at the telescopic end of the telescopic component (6) for docking with the first pair of connectors (8) and can be separated from the first pair of connectors (8) when the telescopic end of the telescopic component (6) exits the placement frame (2).
3. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each placement slot (21) has a first sliding groove (211) on its sidewall along the length of the placement slot (21). The first connector (8) is provided with a slider (81) that slides with the first sliding groove (211) at the position of the corresponding first sliding groove (211). The first connector (8) drives the corresponding drill rod (3) and coaxial waveguide (4) to slide on the placement frame (2) and rotate together with the placement frame (2) through the cooperation of the slider (81) and the first sliding groove (211).
4. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first connector (8) is cylindrical with its opening facing the side where the telescopic component (6) is located. An annular groove (82) is provided on the inner wall of the first connector (8) away from the telescopic component (6). At least one guide groove (83) is also provided on the inner wall of the first connector (8) that communicates with the annular groove (82) and passes through the opening of the cylinder. The second pair of connectors (9) includes a slide rod (91), a slide sleeve (92), and a damping element (93). One end of the slide rod (91) is connected to the slide sleeve (92) and can rotate with the slide sleeve (92). The other end of the slide rod (91) is provided with a docking block (911). The docking block (911) corresponds one-to-one with the guide groove (83) and can enter the annular slot (82) along the guide groove (83) and rotate under the drive of the slide sleeve (92) to achieve docking with the first pair of connectors (8). The end of the slide sleeve (92) away from the slide rod (91) is rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic component (6). The damping element (93) is provided between the slide sleeve (92) and the telescopic end of the telescopic component (6) to provide damping for the rotation of the slide sleeve (92). A guide block (921) is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve (92). The guide block (921) is spirally ascending. Two sets of latches (22) are provided at one end of the placement frame (2) facing the telescopic component (6). The two sets of latches (22) are respectively arranged at the positions of the two placement slots (21). The latches (22) are used to match the guide block (921) when the sliding sleeve (92) is inserted into the placement frame (2) to drive the sliding sleeve (92) to rotate. When one end of the guide block (921) enters the latch (22), the docking block (911) is located in the annular slot (82).
5. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the slide rod (91) is slidably disposed in the slide sleeve (92) and can rotate together with the slide sleeve (92). A first elastic element (94) is provided between the slide rod (91) and the slide sleeve (92). The first elastic element (94) is used to push the slide rod (91) to slide away from the end of the slide sleeve (92).
6. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The damping element (93) includes a damping groove (931) and an ejector (932). One of the damping groove (931) and the ejector (932) is located on the outer side of the telescopic end, and the other is located on the inner side of the sliding sleeve (92). There are at least two damping grooves (931). The ejector (932) cooperates with the damping groove (931) and switches between the two damping grooves (931) when the sliding sleeve (92) rotates.
7. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting component (5) includes a power component and multiple rotating cross components (51). Each cross component includes two intersecting connecting rods. The middle parts of the connecting rods are rotatably connected together. One end of the corresponding placement frame (2) of the connecting rod is slidably connected to the placement frame (2). One end of one connecting rod away from the placement frame (2) is rotatably connected to the main shaft (12) or the cutting head (1), and the other end of the connecting rod away from the placement frame (2) is slidably set. The power assembly includes a power component (52) and a drive rod (53). One end of the drive rod (53) is connected to the power component (52), and the other end of the drive rod (53) is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting rod that is away from the placement frame (2) and is slidably disposed thereon. The power component (52) is used to drive the drive rod (53) to move linearly back and forth, change the shape of each rotating cross component (51), and realize the lifting and lowering of the placement frame (2).
8. The auxiliary rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a winding device and a flexible waveguide (7). The winding device includes two winding wheels (13). The flexible waveguide (7) is wound around the two winding wheels (13) in an "∞" shape. One end of the flexible waveguide (7) is connected to the coaxial waveguide (4), and the other end is connected to the microwave generator. The two take-up rollers (13) are rotatably disposed within the main shaft (12), and the rotation axis of the take-up rollers (13) is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main shaft (12). The ends of the take-up rollers (13) are slidably disposed within the main shaft (12), so that the distance between the two take-up rollers (13) is adjustable. The system also includes a third elastic element (123), which is used to push the take-up rollers (13) to move so that the distance between the two rollers increases.