A tunnel structure connecting node capable of crossing an earthquake fault zone

Abstract

The application relates to a tunnel structure connecting joint capable of crossing an earthquake fracture zone, which comprises a hole body, a lining and a waterproof protective layer, the lining is composed of a plain concrete layer and a steel plate layer, the steel plate layer comprises an outer steel plate, a rubber layer and an inner steel plate, the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate are tightly attached to the rubber layer respectively but are not fixedly connected, the steel plate layer is arranged in the center of the plain concrete layer and is continuously arranged along the tunnel section, the concrete strength grade of the joint area is lower than that of the non-joint area, so that the ductility and energy consumption capacity are enhanced, compared with the prior art, under the action of small earthquakes and medium earthquakes, the steel plate layer and the plain concrete layer work together to ensure the overall rigidity and strength of the joint, under the action of large earthquakes and extremely rare earthquakes, the two longitudinal steel plates can relatively slide to drive the expansion and contraction of the concrete layer in the joint, the two transverse steel plates can extrude the rubber layer to dislocate and deform, tunnel fracture and damage are avoided, and post-earthquake repair is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering and seismic design technology, and in particular to a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. Background Technology

[0002] In seismically active regions, tunnel projects often need to traverse active fault zones. The displacement of these faults causes significant longitudinal tensile and compressive deformation and lateral displacement deformation in the tunnel, which conventional rigid linings cannot withstand, easily leading to cracking, misalignment, or even fracture failure. Current designs often address fault displacement by increasing lining strength or installing expansion joints, but both methods have shortcomings: increased rigidity results in insufficient structural ductility, leading to severe and irreparable damage once the seismic intensity exceeds the design limit; while expansion joints offer some deformation capacity, they suffer from poor waterproofing, insufficient durability, and difficulty in post-earthquake repair. Furthermore, the uniform strength grade of traditional lining concrete makes it difficult to create ductile energy-dissipating zones at joints.

[0003] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. It can maintain sufficient stiffness during minor and moderate earthquakes, and avoid tunnel structure failure under major and extremely rare earthquakes through longitudinal slippage, lateral deformation, and energy dissipation mechanisms. At the same time, it takes into account construction feasibility, economy, and waterproof performance, and achieves the seismic design goal of "no damage in minor earthquakes, repairable in moderate earthquakes, and no collapse in major earthquakes". Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones. This addresses the problems of lining cracking, structural damage, and difficult repair caused by fault displacement in traditional tunnel structures within earthquake fault zones. This node utilizes a steel plate lining structure capable of both longitudinal sliding and lateral deformation, along with a ductile concrete design. It maintains an elastic working state under minor and moderate earthquakes, and dissipates energy through adaptive expansion and contraction deformation under major and extremely rare earthquakes, preventing structural fracture. It also possesses good repairability and waterproofing performance. The node has a rational structure, is easy to construct, and is suitable for tunnel projects with various cross-sectional shapes, significantly improving the safety and durability of tunnel structures in earthquake fault zones. The inner and outer steel plates of this invention can achieve longitudinal sliding, resulting in higher energy dissipation efficiency under seismic loading and preventing brittle fracture of the lining.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones, including a tunnel body, a lining, and a waterproof protective layer. The lining is arranged continuously in a circumferential direction along the cross-section of the tunnel body, and the waterproof protective layer covers the outside of the lining. The lining includes a plain concrete layer and a steel plate layer, with the steel plate layer embedded in the plain concrete layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the steel plate layer comprises an outer steel plate, a rubber layer, and an inner steel plate arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.

[0007] Furthermore, the steel plate layer is continuously arranged around the tunnel structure cross-section; the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate are respectively set on both sides of the rubber layer, and the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate are not fixedly connected to the rubber layer.

[0008] Furthermore, both the outer and inner steel plates are assembled in a circumferential manner to form a closed loop, and the joints are connected by overlapping or bolt limiting methods, which not only ensures the circumferential integrity of the steel plate layer, but also allows for free longitudinal sliding.

[0009] Furthermore, the thickness of the rubber layer is 15-30 cm; when the tunnel structure undergoes lateral displacement deformation under major earthquakes and extremely rare earthquakes, the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate can compress the rubber layer and generate relative displacement or torsion, preventing the tunnel body from collapsing.

[0010] Furthermore, both the outer and inner steel plates are coated with an isolation coating, which is in close contact with the rubber layer but not fixed to it.

[0011] Furthermore, an isolation coating is provided between the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate to reduce frictional resistance and improve the adaptive expansion and contraction deformation performance of the node under seismic action.

[0012] Furthermore, the isolation coating is made of graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene, with a friction coefficient controlled between 0.05 and 0.1 to improve the adaptive stretching performance.

[0013] Furthermore, the isolation coating is applied to one side of the outer steel plate, and the isolation coating on the outer steel plate is in close contact with the rubber layer but not fixedly connected.

[0014] Furthermore, the isolation coating is applied to one side of the inner steel plate, and the isolation coating on the inner steel plate is in close contact with the rubber layer but not fixedly connected.

[0015] Furthermore, the tunnel structure includes a connecting node area and a conventional lining area; the connecting node area is located in the region where the tunnel crosses an earthquake fault zone, and the conventional lining area is located on both longitudinal sides of the connecting node area and connected to the connecting node area; both the connecting node area and the conventional lining area include the tunnel body, the lining, and the waterproof protective layer arranged sequentially from the inside out; wherein, in the connecting node area, the lining includes a plain concrete layer and a steel plate layer embedded therein, and the plain concrete layer is made of high-ductility concrete material; in the conventional lining area, the plain concrete layer in the lining is made of ordinary concrete material.

[0016] Furthermore, the plain concrete layer in the ordinary lining area uses ordinary concrete material with a strength of not less than C30, while the plain concrete layer in the connection node area uses high-ductility concrete material. The compressive strength grade of the high-ductility concrete material is 1 to 2 grades lower than that of the ordinary lining area, and its ultimate tensile strain is not less than 1%, which is used to dissipate seismic input energy by generating multiple microcracks under seismic loading.

[0017] Furthermore, the waterproof protective layer is disposed on the outside of the plain concrete layer.

[0018] Furthermore, the waterproof protective layer is made of rubber waterproof membrane or polymer waterproof coating, which effectively prevents groundwater from seeping into the steel plate layer and is used to prevent water seepage and corrosion at the sliding interface between the outer and inner steel plates.

[0019] Furthermore, the outer and inner steel plates are 10-20 mm thick and meet the design requirements for bending and shear resistance.

[0020] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the steel plate layer is consistent with the cross-section of the tunnel body; the cross-sectional shape of the steel plate layer can be circular or polygonal (such as rectangular).

[0021] Furthermore, after the node is damaged by an earthquake, the outer steel plate and the inner steel plate can be replaced by replacing the outer steel plate, the rubber layer, the inner steel plate, or making local repairs to quickly restore the structural function, significantly improving the repairability and economy of the node.

[0022] Furthermore, the plain concrete layer provides the main bearing and enclosure functions for the connection node; the core seismic resistance system formed by the steel plate layer can provide sufficient stiffness during minor earthquakes and dissipate energy through sliding during strong earthquakes; the waterproof protective layer ensures the durability and waterproof performance of the node; and the concrete strength grading further optimizes the mechanical properties and seismic toughness of the connection node area.

[0023] Furthermore, under minor and moderate earthquakes, the outer and inner steel plates do not slip relative to each other, jointly providing sufficient stiffness and strength for the connection node area. The steel plate layer is continuously arranged around the tunnel body, effectively enhancing the tunnel body's bending and shear resistance in the transverse direction; in the longitudinal direction, it works in conjunction with the plain concrete layer in the connection node area to prevent cracking or crushing of the lining. At this time, the connection node area is in the elastic working stage, the structure remains intact, and the function is unaffected.

[0024] Furthermore, under the influence of major and extremely rare earthquakes, when the seismic force exceeds the elastic limit of the connecting node area, the outer steel plate, rubber layer, and inner steel plate undergo longitudinal relative slippage, causing the plain concrete layer in the connecting node area to expand and contract; the outer and inner steel plates compress the rubber layer, resulting in relative displacement or torsion. The connecting node area uses high-ductility concrete with a strength grade 1-2 grades lower than that of ordinary lining areas, which can dissipate energy through microcracks under seismic action while avoiding brittle failure. The slip interface of the steel plate layer is treated with a low-friction coefficient material to ensure a smooth and reliable slippage process. Through the controllable slippage of the steel plate layer and the ductile deformation of the plain concrete layer, the tunnel structure connecting node can effectively dissipate seismic input energy and prevent fracture failure of the tunnel body.

[0025] Furthermore, as the seismic forces weaken, the tunnel structure's connection nodes gradually return to their initial state. After inspection, the connection node areas can be quickly restored to their functional state if necessary by replacing local steel plates or repairing the concrete.

[0026] This invention relates to a tunnel structural connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones, comprising a tunnel body, lining, and a waterproof protective layer. The lining consists of a plain concrete layer and a steel plate layer. The steel plate layer includes an outer steel plate, a rubber layer, and an inner steel plate. The outer and inner steel plates are respectively in close contact with the rubber layer but not rigidly connected. The steel plate layer is arranged in the center of the plain concrete layer and continuously around the tunnel cross-section. The concrete strength grade in the node area is lower than that in the non-node areas to enhance ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Under minor and moderate earthquakes, the steel plate layer and the plain concrete layer work together to ensure the overall stiffness and strength of the node. Under major and extremely rare earthquakes, the two steel plates can slide relative to each other longitudinally, causing the concrete layer within the node to expand and contract. Laterally, the two steel plates can compress the rubber layer to deform, preventing tunnel fracture and facilitating post-earthquake repair. This invention is applicable to various tunnel cross-sections, such as circular and polygonal (e.g., rectangular), and has the ability to adapt to longitudinal expansion and contraction and withstand lateral displacement, significantly improving the safety and durability of tunnels traversing fault zones.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The present invention provides a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. By setting an outer steel plate and an inner steel plate that can slide relative to each other, the stiffness and strength of the node under minor and moderate earthquakes are guaranteed. In addition, it can effectively dissipate energy through interface sliding and rubber layer isolation in major and extremely rare earthquakes, which significantly improves the adaptability and seismic resistance of the tunnel structure in earthquake fault zones.

[0028] 2) The present invention provides a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. It adopts a design with differentiated transition sections and material grades, which greatly improves the deformation capacity and energy dissipation performance of the area, effectively avoids stress concentration and brittle failure, and extends the service life of the structure.

[0029] 3) The present invention provides a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones, with a waterproof protective layer to effectively prevent groundwater infiltration and steel corrosion, ensuring that the node still has good sealing and durability after long-term use and multiple earthquakes.

[0030] 4) The present invention provides a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. It is applicable to various tunnel cross-sections such as circular and polygonal (e.g., rectangular). The steel plates are assembled in sections, overlapped or bolted together, which is convenient for construction and has strong compatibility with conventional tunnel lining technology, and has a wide range of engineering application prospects.

[0031] 5) The present invention provides a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones. The main lateral force resisting and energy dissipation components are designed as replaceable parts. If damage occurs after an earthquake, they can be partially replaced or repaired (compared to traditional tunnel structures, only the steel plates and concrete in the node area need to be replaced, and the entire tunnel does not need to be repaired), which greatly reduces repair costs and time and improves the sustainability and economy of tunnel engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view (front view) of a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a BB cross-sectional view (side view) of a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a detailed cross-sectional view of the steel plate and concrete layer of a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a CC cross-sectional view (top view) of a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones according to the present invention under normal use, minor earthquake or moderate earthquake.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal slippage of a tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones under the action of major and extremely rare earthquakes according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the steel plate layer of the tunnel structure connection node that can traverse earthquake fault zones according to the present invention, showing the lateral deformation under the action of major earthquakes and extremely rare earthquakes.

[0038] Numbering on the map: 1. Tunnel body; 2. Lining; 3. Waterproof protective layer; 21. Plain concrete layer; 22. Steel plate layer; 221. Outer steel plate; 222. Rubber layer; 223. Inner steel plate; 4. Isolation coating; 5. Connection node area; 6. Ordinary lining area. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, and other features not explicitly described in this invention are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0040] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0043] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, this invention proposes a tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones, comprising a tunnel body 1, a lining 2, and a waterproof protective layer 3. The lining 2 is continuously arranged circumferentially along the cross-section of the tunnel body 1, and the waterproof protective layer 3 covers the outside of the lining 2. The lining 2 consists of a plain concrete layer 21 and a steel plate layer 22, with the steel plate layer 22 embedded in the plain concrete layer 21. The steel plate layer 22 consists of an outer steel plate 221, a rubber layer 222, and an inner steel plate 223 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.

[0044] Specifically, the waterproof protective layer 3 covers the outer surface of the plain concrete layer 21. The thickness of the waterproof protective layer 3 is 1.5mm to 4.0mm, and it is composed of rubber waterproof membrane or polymer waterproof coating, which effectively prevents groundwater from seeping into the steel plate layer 22.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer steel plate 221, the rubber layer 222 and the inner steel plate 223 are continuously arranged around the cross-section of the tunnel body 1. The outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 are assembled in a circumferential block manner to form a closed loop. The joints are connected by overlapping or bolt limiting, which ensures circumferential integrity and allows the steel plate layer 22 to slide freely in the longitudinal direction.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 are not fixedly connected to the rubber layer 222. An isolation coating 4 is provided between the outer steel plate 221, the rubber layer 222, and the inner steel plate 223 to reduce frictional resistance and improve the adaptive expansion and contraction deformation performance of the node under seismic loading. The isolation coating 4 is applied to one side of the outer steel plate 221, and is in close contact with but not fixedly connected to the rubber layer 222. The isolation coating 4 is also applied to one side of the inner steel plate 223, and is in close contact with but not fixedly connected to the rubber layer 222. The isolation coating 4 is made of graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene, and the coefficient of friction is controlled between 0.05 and 0.1.

[0047] The tunnel structure includes a connecting node area 5 and a conventional lining area 6. The connecting node area 5 is located in the region where the tunnel crosses a seismic fault zone, and the conventional lining area 6 is located on both longitudinal sides of the connecting node area 5 and connected to it. Both the connecting node area 5 and the conventional lining area 6 include, from the inside out, the tunnel body 1, the lining 2, and the waterproof protective layer 3. Within the connecting node area 5, the lining 2 includes a plain concrete layer 21 and a steel plate layer 22 embedded therein, and the plain concrete layer 21 is made of high-ductility concrete. Within the conventional lining area 6, the plain concrete layer 21 in the lining 2 is made of ordinary concrete. The plain concrete layer 21 of the connecting node area 5 is made of high-ductility concrete, and the plain concrete layer 21 of the conventional lining area 6 is made of ordinary concrete. Specifically, the plain concrete layer of the conventional lining area uses ordinary concrete with a strength of not less than C30, and the plain concrete layer of the connecting node area uses high-ductility concrete. The compressive strength grade of high-ductility concrete is 1 to 2 grades lower than that of ordinary lining area, and its ultimate tensile strain is not less than 1%. It is used to dissipate seismic input energy by generating multiple microcracks under seismic action.

[0048] This invention is applicable to tunnel structures with various cross-sectional shapes, including circular and polygonal (such as rectangular) shapes. The cross-sectional shapes of the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 are consistent with the cross-section of the tunnel body 1, and the thickness is 10~20 mm.

[0049] The seismic resistance principle of this invention is to maintain sufficient stiffness in minor and moderate earthquakes through the adaptive sliding of the steel plate layer 22 and the vibration isolation principle of the rubber 223, and to avoid failure of the tunnel structure connection nodes through sliding in major earthquakes, thereby achieving the seismic design goal of "no damage in minor earthquakes, repairable in moderate earthquakes, and no collapse in major earthquakes".

[0050] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, under minor and moderate earthquakes, the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 work together in close contact through the isolation coating 4 and the rubber layer 222, providing sufficient stiffness and strength for the connection node area 5. The steel plate layer 22 is continuously arranged around the tunnel body 1, effectively enhancing the bending and shear resistance of the tunnel structure in the transverse direction and suppressing structural deformation; in the longitudinal direction, it works in conjunction with the plain concrete layer 21 of the connection node area 5 to prevent cracking or crushing of the lining 2. At this time, the connection node area 5 is in the elastic working stage, the structure remains intact, and the function is not affected.

[0051] Under the influence of major and extremely rare earthquakes, when the seismic force exceeds the elastic limit of the connecting node area 5, the outer steel plate 221, rubber layer 222, and inner steel plate 223 undergo longitudinal relative slippage, causing the plain concrete layer 21 of the connecting node area 5 to expand and contract. The outer steel plate 221 and inner steel plate 223 compress the rubber layer 222, resulting in relative displacement or torsion. The plain concrete layer 21 of the tunnel structure connecting node area 5 is made of high-ductility concrete material, which can dissipate energy through microcracks under seismic action while avoiding brittle failure. The slip interface of the steel plate layer 22 is treated with a low-friction coefficient material (isolation coating 4) to ensure a smooth and reliable slippage process. Through the controllable slippage of the steel plate layer 22 and the ductile deformation of the plain concrete layer 21, the tunnel structure connecting node can effectively dissipate seismic input energy and prevent fracture failure of the tunnel body 1.

[0052] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, when the tunnel undergoes lateral displacement deformation under major and extremely rare earthquakes, the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 can compress the rubber layer 222 and generate relative displacement or torsion, preventing the tunnel body 1 from collapsing. Through the longitudinal slippage and lateral displacement deformation of the steel plate layer 22, the connecting node area 5 can effectively dissipate the seismic input energy. The connecting node area 5 uses high-ductility concrete with a strength grade 1-2 grades lower than that of the ordinary lining area 6, which can dissipate energy through microcracks under seismic action, while avoiding brittle failure.

[0053] Specifically, after the seismic action weakens, the connecting node area 5 gradually returns to its initial state. After the earthquake causes damage to the node, the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 can be replaced or local repairs can be made to quickly restore the structural function, significantly improving the repairability and economy of the node.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a tunnel structure connection node, which differs from Example 1 only in that: The outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 are fixedly connected to the rubber layer 222 respectively.

[0055] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example has significant shortcomings in terms of stress mechanism, energy dissipation capacity, and post-earthquake repairability under seismic loading: Under the influence of major and extremely rare earthquakes, because the outer steel plate 221 and the inner steel plate 223 are fixedly connected to the rubber layer 222, longitudinal relative slippage cannot occur within the steel plate layer 22. When the seismic fault zone through which the tunnel passes experiences severe displacement, the structure loses the mechanism of frictional slippage energy dissipation through the low-friction interface of the isolation coating 4 as described in Example 1. The huge longitudinal displacement can only be passively coordinated by the shear deformation of the rubber layer 222 itself. When the longitudinal deformation exceeds the ultimate shear strain of the rubber layer 222, it is very easy for the rubber layer 222 to be torn or for the bonding surface between the rubber layer 222 and the steel plate to peel off and fail.

[0056] Specifically, when the tunnel undergoes lateral displacement deformation under major earthquakes and extremely rare earthquakes, the consolidated steel plate layer 22 exhibits strong rigid coupling as a whole. The outer steel plate 221 and inner steel plate 223 cannot produce relatively independent small-amplitude displacement or torsion when the rubber layer 222 is compressed. This strong rigid coupling leads to extremely high concentrated stress in localized areas, which is directly transmitted to the peripheral connection node area 5. Compared to the stress release mechanism through controlled sliding of the steel plates in Example 1, this comparative example is highly prone to causing premature large-area crushing or severe cracking of the plain concrete layer 21 in the connection node area 5, failing to effectively prevent fracture damage to the tunnel body 1.

[0057] Specifically, during the post-earthquake recovery phase, because the outer steel plate 221, rubber layer 222, and inner steel plate 223 in this comparative example are fixedly connected as a whole, when the earthquake causes damage to this connection node, it is not possible to locally replace the damaged outer steel plate 221, rubber layer 222, or inner steel plate 223 by individually untying the overlap or bolts, as in Example 1. Repairing this requires cutting and removing the entire damaged steel plate layer 22, significantly increasing construction difficulty and maintenance time, and reducing the repairability and economy of the node.

[0058] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing an earthquake fault zone, comprising a tunnel body (1), a lining (2), and a waterproof protective layer (3), wherein the lining (2) is arranged continuously circumferentially along the cross-section of the tunnel body (1), and the waterproof protective layer (3) covers the outside of the lining (2), characterized in that, The lining (2) includes a plain concrete layer (21) and a steel plate layer (22), wherein the steel plate layer (22) is embedded in the plain concrete layer (21).

2. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel plate layer (22) includes an outer steel plate (221), a rubber layer (222), and an inner steel plate (223) from the inside to the outside.

3. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steel plate layer (22) is continuously arranged around the tunnel structure section; The outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) are respectively disposed on both sides of the rubber layer (222), and the outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) are not fixedly connected to the rubber layer (222).

4. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) are assembled in a circumferential manner to form a closed loop. The joints are connected by lap joints or bolts to ensure circumferential integrity and allow longitudinal slippage.

5. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the rubber layer (222) is 15~30 cm; When the tunnel structure undergoes lateral displacement deformation under major earthquakes and extremely rare earthquakes, the outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) squeeze the rubber layer (222) and generate relative displacement or torsion to prevent the tunnel body (1) from collapsing.

6. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tunnel structure includes a connecting node area (5) and a common lining area (6); the connecting node area (5) is located in the area where the tunnel crosses an earthquake fault zone, and the common lining area (6) is located on both sides of the connecting node area (5) and connected to the connecting node area (5); both the connecting node area (5) and the common lining area (6) include the tunnel body (1), the lining (2) and the waterproof protective layer (3) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside; in the connecting node area (5), the lining (2) includes a plain concrete layer (21) and a steel plate layer (22) embedded therein, and the plain concrete layer (21) is made of high ductility concrete material; in the common lining area (6), the plain concrete layer (21) in the lining (2) is made of ordinary concrete material.

7. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waterproof protective layer (3) is provided on the outside of the plain concrete layer (21); The waterproof protective layer (3) is made of rubber waterproof membrane or polymer waterproof coating to prevent water seepage and corrosion at the sliding interface of the outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223).

8. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, An isolation coating (4) is provided between the outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) to reduce frictional resistance and ensure sliding flexibility; The isolation coating (4) is made of graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene, with a friction coefficient controlled at 0.05-0.1 to improve the adaptive stretching performance.

9. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer steel plate (221) and the inner steel plate (223) are 10-20 mm thick.

10. A tunnel structure connection node capable of traversing earthquake fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the steel plate layer (22) is consistent with the cross-section of the tunnel body (1); The cross-sectional shape of the steel plate layer (22) is circular or polygonal.

Images