A roadway support and surrounding rock reinforcement system and method for deep mining of a mine

Abstract

The application discloses a roadway supporting and surrounding rock reinforcing system and method for deep mining of a mine, relates to the field of mine supporting, and comprises a plurality of mine supports, first anchor rods, tensile steel cables and protective boxes, the protective boxes are internally provided with steel cable connectors matched with the tensile steel cables, and the middle portions of the steel cable connectors are provided with pressure sensors; when the adjacent supports are relatively displaced due to deformation of surrounding rocks, the hinged structure of the steel cable connector will pull the tensile steel cable, the tension acting on the steel cable connector will change, at this time, the U-shaped arm will slightly rotate around the hinge point, the T-shaped seat will be slightly displaced, the sensor will be squeezed, the pressure sensor can realize real-time sensing and measurement of the pressure change transmitted by the sensor sleeve, the health condition of the whole supporting system can be efficiently evaluated, the monitoring cost, construction complexity and post-maintenance difficulty are greatly reduced, and the pain point of difficult maintenance of the deeply-buried sensor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to mine tunnel support technology, specifically to a tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system and method for deep mining. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral resources are an important material foundation for industrial and social development. With the increasing depletion of shallow resources, venturing into the deep earth and safely and efficiently acquiring deep mineral resources has become an inevitable strategic choice to ensure national resource and energy security. Deep mining aims to extend the service life of mines and replace resource reserves, but the geological environment it faces is completely different from that of shallow mines. As the throat and lifeline of mine mining, the long-term stability of roadways is a prerequisite for the safe extraction of deep resources.

[0003] To assess the support condition, existing technologies often rely on deploying a wide variety of sensors, such as load sensors for monitoring the stress on the support structure, strain sensors for detecting the deformation of the concrete sprayed layer, displacement gauges and stress sensors embedded in the surrounding rock, as well as various device status sensors. This multi-sensor distributed deployment not only leads to complex monitoring system equipment, difficult wiring, and significantly increased initial investment and long-term operation and maintenance costs, but also makes it extremely difficult, or even impossible, to replace or maintain a large number of sensors deeply buried in the rock or concrete once they fail or are damaged, seriously affecting the reliability and lifespan of the monitoring system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a roadway support and surrounding rock reinforcement system and method for deep mining, in order to solve the problem that in the prior art, a large number of sensors are buried deep inside the rock or concrete, and once they fail or are damaged, replacement and maintenance are extremely difficult or even impossible, which seriously affects the reliability and life cycle of the monitoring system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a roadway support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining, comprising a plurality of roadway supports distributed along the mining path, a plurality of first anchor bolts installed on the roadway supports, a plurality of tensile steel cables evenly distributed between the plurality of roadway supports, a protective box installed between each of the plurality of tensile steel cables located between two adjacent roadway supports, a steel cable connector for matching the tensile steel cables installed inside the protective box, and a pressure sensor installed in the middle of the steel cable connector;

[0006] The steel cable connector includes a sensor sleeve and a T-shaped seat located in the middle of the inner cavity of the protective box. U-shaped arms are symmetrically hinged at the left and right ends of the T-shaped seat. Steel cable sleeves are hinged at the middle of the front end between the two U-shaped arms. Steel cable connectors are symmetrically fixed on the outer walls of the left and right sides of the sensor sleeve. A limiting hole for matching the pressure sensor is opened in the middle of the front wall of the T-shaped seat.

[0007] Furthermore, the mine tunnel support includes an arch-shaped support, with I-shaped support feet fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the arch-shaped support, and several anchor bolt holes evenly distributed on the side wall of the arch-shaped support. Several first threaded sleeves matching the anchor bolt holes are fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the arch-shaped support, and several through holes are evenly distributed on the front wall of the arch-shaped support.

[0008] Furthermore, the first anchor rod includes a tension rod inserted into the anchor rod hole. A tension end is fixedly installed at the upper end of the tension rod. Several annular grooves are formed on the outer wall of the tension end. An anti-detachment head is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tension rod. An internal thread groove matching the first threaded sleeve is formed in the middle of the top surface of the anti-detachment head.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective box includes a fixed base plate, the rear wall of the T-shaped seat is fixedly connected to the middle of the front wall of the fixed base plate, the box body is fixedly installed on the middle of the front wall of the fixed base plate, the box cover is snapped on the middle of the front wall of the box body, several fixing bolts are threaded between the box body and the box cover, the box cover has a threaded hole in the middle, the middle of the left and right sides of the front wall of the fixed base plate is fixedly installed with a second threaded sleeve, the second anchor rod is inserted into the second threaded sleeve, and the outer walls of the left and right sides of the box body are symmetrically provided with steel cable holes for matching tensile steel cables.

[0010] Furthermore, the front end of the pressure sensor is provided with threads, and the pressure sensor is fixedly installed by the threads and the threaded hole, and the rear end of the pressure sensor is located in the limiting hole.

[0011] A mine safety monitoring method includes system construction and monitoring initialization steps:

[0012] The excavated tunnel walls are covered with wire mesh and sprayed with concrete to form a preliminary support layer.

[0013] Multiple mine roadway supports are evenly arranged along the roadway path. The first anchor rod is drilled into the surrounding rock to a predetermined depth through the anchor rod hole on the arch-shaped support, and high-pressure grouting is carried out. Before the grout initially sets, the tensile rod of the first anchor rod is inserted into the borehole and rotated so that the inner thread groove of its anti-detachment head is threaded with the first threaded sleeve on the inner side of the arch-shaped support to complete the anchoring.

[0014] Multiple tensile steel cables are sequentially threaded through the through holes of adjacent mine tunnel supports;

[0015] In the middle of the section between two adjacent mine roadway supports, a protective box is installed for each tensile steel cable: first, the fixed base plate is fixed to the roadway wall by the second anchor rod, and then the box body is fixed to the fixed base plate.

[0016] Install the steel cable connector: Sleeve the two steel cable sleeves onto the tensile steel cable at the predetermined positions, cut off the excess steel cable in the middle, and connect and fix the two ends of the steel cable to the steel cable connectors on both sides of the sensor sleeve.

[0017] Tension the connected tensile steel cables to achieve the designed pre-tension state;

[0018] Install the pressure sensor: Screw the pressure sensor into the threaded hole of the cover and fix it in place, so that its rear detection part is inserted into the limiting hole of the T-shaped seat, and then seal the cover and the box body together.

[0019] Connect all pressure sensors to the monitoring terminal, perform initial calibration, and complete the construction of the monitoring system.

[0020] Furthermore, the method also includes a real-time early warning step based on pressure sensors:

[0021] Set multi-level pressure warning thresholds, including safety thresholds corresponding to normal system operation, warning thresholds that require attention, and alarm thresholds that require immediate intervention;

[0022] Data from each pressure sensor is acquired in real time and then filtered and preprocessed.

[0023] The processed real-time pressure data is compared with multi-level early warning thresholds, and its changing trend over time is analyzed.

[0024] Early warnings are triggered based on comparison and trend analysis results: when pressure data first exceeds the warning threshold, it is marked as a Level 1 warning and recorded; when pressure data continuously exceeds the warning threshold or momentarily exceeds the alarm threshold, a Level 2 warning is triggered; and when pressure data continuously exceeds the alarm threshold or experiences a precipitous drop, a Level 3 alarm is triggered.

[0025] Furthermore, the method also includes safety response steps linked to the warning level:

[0026] When a Level 1 warning is triggered, the location information of the corresponding protection box will be automatically highlighted on the monitoring interface, and the data collection frequency at that location will be increased.

[0027] When a Level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm notification containing the specific location, pressure data, and trend of change is automatically sent to the preset safety management personnel terminal, prompting them to conduct an on-site inspection.

[0028] When a Level 3 alarm is triggered, an audible and visual alarm will be automatically broadcast to the associated work area, and suggested emergency measures will be generated, including suspending work in the area, checking the integrity of adjacent support components, and activating the supplementary support plan.

[0029] Record all early warning events, response actions, and handling results, and use them to update the adaptive optimization model for multi-level pressure early warning thresholds.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system and method for deep mining. When adjacent supports undergo relative displacement due to surrounding rock deformation, the hinged structure of the steel cable connector pulls the tensile steel cable, causing a change in the tensile force acting on the cable connector. At this time, the U-shaped arm rotates slightly around the hinge point, causing a small displacement of the T-shaped seat, which in turn compresses the sensor. The pressure sensor senses and measures the pressure change transmitted from the sensor sleeve in real time. This pressure value is correlated with the actual tension of the tensile steel cable. The monitoring terminal continuously receives data from all pressure sensors, displaying the key linear stress state of the entire tunnel support network in real time. By monitoring the core parameter of tensile steel cable tension, the health status of the entire support system can be efficiently assessed. This system has fewer sensors, concentrated deployment locations, and simple wiring, significantly reducing monitoring costs, construction complexity, and post-maintenance difficulty, solving the pain point of difficult maintenance of deeply buried sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a mine tunnel support structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first anchor bolt structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protective box structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded protective box structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective box structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded structure of a steel cable connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1. Mine tunnel support; 101. Arch-shaped support; 102. I-shaped support leg; 103. Anchor bolt hole; 104. Through bolt hole; 105. First threaded sleeve;

[0041] 2. First anchor bolt; 201. Tension rod; 202. Tension end; 203. Anti-detachment head; 204. Internal thread groove; 205. Annular groove;

[0042] 3. Tensile steel cable;

[0043] 4. Protective box; 401. Fixed base plate; 402. Box body; 403. Box cover; 404. Fixing bolt; 405. Threaded hole; 406. Steel cable hole; 407. Second threaded sleeve; 408. Second anchor bolt;

[0044] 5. Steel cable connector; 501. T-shaped seat; 502. U-shaped arm; 503. Steel cable sleeve; 504. Sensor sleeve; 505. Steel cable connector head; 506. Limiting hole;

[0045] 6. Pressure sensor; 601. Thread. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown:

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] A tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining includes several tunnel supports 1 distributed along the mine tunnel opening path. Each tunnel support 1 is equipped with several first anchor bolts 2 for anchoring the tunnel support 1 to the tunnel wall. Several tensile steel cables 3 are sequentially threaded between adjacent tunnel supports 1 to form an overall stress net. In the middle of the section between two adjacent tunnel supports 1, a protective box 4 is installed. The protective box 4 is equipped with a steel cable connector 5 for connecting the tensile steel cables 3. A pressure sensor 6 is installed in the middle of the steel cable connector 5 for real-time monitoring of the stress state of the steel cable.

[0050] The mine tunnel support 1 adopts an arch-shaped support 101 structure, with I-shaped support feet 102 welded to the bottom to enhance the vertical load-bearing capacity and anti-slipping ability of the support. Several anchor bolt holes 103 are evenly opened on the side wall of the arch-shaped support 101 for inserting the first anchor bolt 2. A first threaded sleeve 105 is welded to the inner side of the support corresponding to the anchor bolt hole 103 for threaded connection with the anti-detachment head 203 of the first anchor bolt 2. Several through holes 104 are opened on the front wall of the arch-shaped support 101 for inserting tensile steel cables 3.

[0051] The first anchor rod 2 includes a tension rod 201. The upper end of the tension rod 201 is provided with a tension end 202, and several annular grooves 205 are opened on its surface to enhance the adhesion with the grouting body. The lower end of the tension rod 201 is provided with an anti-detachment head 203, and an internal thread groove 204 is opened on its top to engage with the first threaded sleeve 105 to realize the rapid installation and fastening of the anchor rod.

[0052] The protective box 4 consists of a fixed base plate 401, a box body 402 and a box cover 403. The fixed base plate 401 is fixed to the roadway wall by a second anchor rod 408. The box body 402 is welded to the fixed base plate 401. The box cover 403 is sealed to the box body 402 by a fixing bolt 404. A threaded hole 405 is opened in the middle of the box cover 403 for installing the pressure sensor 6.

[0053] The box body 402 has steel cable holes 406 on the left and right sides for tensile steel cables 3 to pass through. The T-shaped seat 501 of the steel cable connector 5 is located in the middle of the front wall of the fixed base plate 401. The two U-shaped arms 502 are respectively hinged to the left and right ends of the T-shaped seat 501. The front end of the U-shaped arm 502 is hinged to the steel cable sleeve 503. The sensor sleeve 504 has steel cable connectors 505 on the left and right sides. The front wall of the T-shaped seat 501 has limiting holes 506.

[0054] Working principle:

[0055] First, a metal mesh is laid on the roadway wall after it has been excavated and the initial hazard removal is completed, and a layer of high-strength quick-setting concrete is sprayed to form a preliminary protective layer. Then, multiple arch-shaped supports 101 are evenly arranged at certain intervals along the roadway extension direction. Through the anchor bolt holes 103, boreholes of different depths are drilled into the surrounding rock of the roadway. After the drilling is completed, high-pressure grouting is immediately carried out to consolidate the broken rock mass and improve the overall strength of the surrounding rock. Before the grout initially sets, the first anchor bolt 2 of the appropriate length is selected according to the drilling depth and inserted. The anchor bolt is rotated so that the inner thread groove 204 of its anti-detachment head 203 is screwed and tightened with the first threaded sleeve 105 on the support, thereby firmly anchoring the mine roadway support 1 to the surrounding rock.

[0056] After all the mine tunnel supports 1 are installed in place, the overall stress net is constructed. Several tensile steel cables 3 are passed through the through holes 104 on the front wall of the arch-shaped support 101 of the adjacent supports in sequence. A protective box 4 is installed in the middle of each tensile steel cable 3 located between two adjacent supports.

[0057] The installation and steel cable connection process for protective box 4 is as follows:

[0058] First, select the installation location, and anchor the fixed base plate 401 of the protective box 4 to the roadway wall using the second anchor rod 408 [which also requires pre-drilling and grouting]. When connecting the tensile steel cable 3, first symmetrically put two steel cable sleeves 503 on the steel cable at the predetermined position and weld them firmly. Then cut off the excess steel cable section between the two steel cable sleeves 503, and insert the remaining two ends of the steel cable into the steel cable connectors 505 on both sides of the sensor sleeve 504 and weld them firmly.

[0059] Then, the end of the steel cable segment with the steel cable sleeve 503 is hinged to the front end of the U-shaped arm 502 of the steel cable connector 5. Finally, the tensioning equipment is used to tension the connected tensile steel cable 3 as a whole to achieve the design pre-tension force, thereby forming a pre-tensioned spatial flexible support network between all the supports.

[0060] Finally, the pressure sensor 6 is screwed into the threaded hole 405 in the middle of the cover 403 of the protective box 4 through the thread 601 at its front end. The detection part at the rear end of the pressure sensor 6 is inserted into the limiting hole 506 on the T-shaped seat 501. Then, the cover 403 and the box body 402 are sealed and fastened with the fixing bolt 404 to form protection for the internal connector. All pressure sensors 6 are connected to the centralized monitoring terminal in the tunnel or on the ground through cables to complete the system initialization and calibration.

[0061] After being tensioned, the tensile steel cable 3 connects all the discrete mine tunnel supports 1 into a continuous, flexible network. When the local surrounding rock deforms or stress concentrates, the force will be transmitted to the tensile steel cable 3 through the support and redistributed along the cable network, thus avoiding excessive stress concentration on a single support.

[0062] The hinge structure of the steel cable connector 5 [U-shaped arm 502 hinged to T-shaped seat 501, steel cable sleeve 503 hinged to U-shaped arm 502] will pull the tensile steel cable 3 when the adjacent supports are relatively displaced due to the deformation of the surrounding rock, causing the magnitude of the tensile force acting on the steel cable connector 5 to change. At this time, the U-shaped arm 502 rotates slightly around the hinge point, causing the T-shaped seat 501 to produce a slight displacement [pressing the pressure sensor 6 between the T-shaped seat 501 and the cover 403], and directly transmitting the change of force to the detection end of the pressure sensor 6 that is in close contact with it;

[0063] Pressure sensor 6 senses and measures the pressure changes transmitted from sensor sleeve 504 in real time. This pressure value is related to the actual tension of the tensile steel cable 3. The monitoring terminal continuously receives data from all pressure sensors 6 and displays the key linear stress state of the entire tunnel support network in real time. Once the tension of the steel cable increases abnormally (indicating local stress concentration) or decreases abnormally (indicating anchorage failure or cable slack), the system can immediately issue an early warning to guide personnel to locate, verify, and intervene.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] A mine safety monitoring method includes system construction and monitoring initialization steps:

[0066] The excavated tunnel walls are covered with wire mesh and sprayed with concrete to form a preliminary support layer.

[0067] Multiple mine roadway supports 1 are evenly arranged along the roadway path. The first anchor rod 2 is drilled into the surrounding rock to a predetermined depth through the anchor rod hole 103 on the arch-shaped support 101 and high-pressure grouting is performed. Before the grout initially sets, the tensile rod 201 of the first anchor rod 2 is inserted into the borehole and rotated so that the inner thread groove 204 of its anti-detachment head 203 is threadedly engaged with the first threaded sleeve 105 on the inner side of the arch-shaped support 101 to complete the anchoring.

[0068] Multiple tensile steel cables 3 are sequentially threaded between the through holes 104 of adjacent mine tunnel supports 1;

[0069] In the middle of the section between two adjacent mine roadway supports 1, a protective box 4 is installed for each tensile steel cable 3: first, the fixed base plate 401 is fixed to the roadway wall by the second anchor rod 408, and then the box body 402 is fixed to the fixed base plate 401.

[0070] Install steel cable connector 5: Sleeve two steel cable sleeves 503 onto the tensile steel cable 3 at predetermined positions, cut off the excess steel cable in the middle, and connect and fix the two ends of the steel cable to the steel cable connectors 505 on both sides of the sensor sleeve 504 respectively.

[0071] Tension the connected tensile steel cable 3 to achieve the designed pre-tension state;

[0072] Install pressure sensor 6: Screw pressure sensor 6 into threaded hole 405 of cover 403 and fix it, so that its rear detection part is inserted into limiting hole 506 of T-shaped seat 501, and then seal and assemble cover 403 and box body 402.

[0073] Connect all pressure sensors 6 to the monitoring terminal, perform initial calibration, and complete the construction of the monitoring system;

[0074] Real-time warning steps for pressure sensor 6:

[0075] Set multi-level pressure warning thresholds, including safety thresholds corresponding to normal system operation, warning thresholds that require attention, and alarm thresholds that require immediate intervention;

[0076] Data from each pressure sensor 6 is collected in real time and then filtered and preprocessed.

[0077] The processed real-time pressure data is compared with multi-level early warning thresholds, and its changing trend over time is analyzed.

[0078] Early warnings are triggered based on comparison and trend analysis results: when pressure data first exceeds the warning threshold, it is marked as a Level 1 warning and recorded; when pressure data continuously exceeds the warning threshold or momentarily exceeds the alarm threshold, a Level 2 warning is triggered; when pressure data continuously exceeds the alarm threshold or experiences a precipitous drop, a Level 3 alarm is triggered.

[0079] Safety response steps for coordinated early warning levels:

[0080] When a Level 1 warning is triggered, the location information of the corresponding protection box 4 will be automatically highlighted on the monitoring interface, and the data collection frequency at that location will be increased.

[0081] When a Level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm notification containing the specific location, pressure data, and trend of change is automatically sent to the preset safety management personnel terminal, prompting them to conduct an on-site inspection.

[0082] When a Level 3 alarm is triggered, an audible and visual alarm will be automatically broadcast to the associated work area, and suggested emergency measures will be generated, including suspending work in the area, checking the integrity of adjacent support components, and activating the supplementary support plan.

[0083] Record all early warning events, response actions, and handling results, and use them to update the adaptive optimization model for multi-level pressure early warning thresholds.

[0084] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining, characterized in that: The system includes several mine tunnel supports (1) distributed along the mine tunnel opening path. Several first anchor bolts (2) are installed on the mine tunnel supports (1). Several tensile steel cables (3) are evenly distributed between the mine tunnel supports (1). Protective boxes (4) are installed between two adjacent mine tunnel supports (1) for each tensile steel cable (3). A steel cable connector (5) matching the tensile steel cable (3) is installed inside the protective box (4). A pressure sensor (6) is installed in the middle of the steel cable connector (5). The steel cable connector (5) includes a sensor sleeve (504) and a T-shaped seat (501) located in the middle of the inner cavity of the protective box (4). The left and right ends of the T-shaped seat (501) are symmetrically hinged with U-shaped arms (502). The front end of each of the two U-shaped arms (502) is hinged with a steel cable sleeve (503). The left and right outer walls of the sensor sleeve (504) are symmetrically fixed with steel cable connectors (505). The front wall of the T-shaped seat (501) is provided with a limiting hole (506) for use with the pressure sensor (6).

2. The tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mine tunnel support (1) includes an arch-shaped support (101), an I-shaped support foot (102) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the arch-shaped support (101), a number of anchor bolt holes (103) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the arch-shaped support (101), a number of first threaded sleeves (105) matching the anchor bolt holes (103) are fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the arch-shaped support (101), and a number of through holes (104) are evenly distributed on the front wall of the arch-shaped support (101).

3. The tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The first anchor rod (2) includes a tensile rod (201) inserted into the anchor rod hole (103). A tensile end (202) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the tensile rod (201). A plurality of annular grooves (205) are opened on the outer wall surface of the tensile end (202). An anti-detachment head (203) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the tensile rod (201). An internal thread groove (204) matching the first threaded sleeve (105) is opened in the middle of the top surface of the anti-detachment head (203).

4. The tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective box (4) includes a fixed base plate (401), the rear wall of the T-shaped seat (501) is fixedly connected to the middle of the front wall of the fixed base plate (401), a box body (402) is fixedly installed in the middle of the front wall of the fixed base plate (401), a box cover (403) is snapped onto the middle of the front wall of the box body (402), a number of fixing bolts (404) are threaded between the box body (402) and the box cover (403), a threaded hole (405) is opened in the middle of the box cover (403), a second threaded sleeve (407) is fixedly installed in the middle of the left and right sides of the front wall of the fixed base plate (401), a second anchor rod (408) is passed through the second threaded sleeve (407), and steel cable holes (406) for matching tensile steel cables (3) are symmetrically opened on the outer walls of the left and right sides of the box body (402).

5. A tunnel support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (6) has a thread (601) on its front outer wall surface. The pressure sensor (6) is fixedly installed with the threaded hole (405) through the thread (601), and the rear end of the pressure sensor (6) is located in the limiting hole (506).

6. A mine safety monitoring method, used in the roadway support and surrounding rock reinforcement system for deep mining as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: This includes the system's construction and monitoring initialization steps: S61. Wire mesh is hung on the excavated tunnel wall and shotcrete is applied to form a preliminary support layer. S62. Multiple mine roadway supports (1) are evenly arranged along the roadway opening path. The first anchor rod (2) is drilled into the surrounding rock to a predetermined depth through the anchor rod hole (103) on the arch-shaped support (101), and high-pressure grouting is performed. Before the grout initially sets, the tensile rod (201) of the first anchor rod (2) is inserted into the borehole and rotated so that the inner thread groove (204) of its anti-detachment head (203) is threadedly engaged with the first threaded sleeve (105) on the inner side of the arch-shaped support (101) to complete the anchoring. S63. Pass multiple tensile steel cables (3) sequentially between the threading holes (104) of adjacent mine tunnel supports (1); S64. In the middle of the section between two adjacent mine roadway supports (1) for each tensile steel cable (3), install a protective box (4): first fix the fixed base plate (401) to the roadway wall through the second anchor rod (408), and then fix the box body (402) to the fixed base plate (401); S65. Install the steel cable connector (5): Sleeve and fix the two steel cable sleeves (503) on the tensile steel cable (3) at the predetermined positions. After cutting off the excess steel cable in the middle, connect and fix the steel cable ends at both ends to the steel cable connectors (505) on both sides of the sensor sleeve (504). S66. Tension the completed tensile steel cable (3) to achieve the designed pre-tightening state; S67. Install the pressure sensor (6): Screw the pressure sensor (6) into the threaded hole (405) of the cover (403) and fix it, so that its rear detection part is inserted into the limiting hole (506) of the T-shaped seat (501), and then seal and assemble the cover (403) and the box body (402). S68. Connect all pressure sensors (6) to the monitoring terminal, perform initial calibration, and complete the construction of the monitoring system.

7. A mine safety monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method also includes a real-time early warning step based on the pressure sensor (6): S71. Set multi-level pressure warning thresholds, including safety thresholds corresponding to normal system operation, warning thresholds that require attention, and alarm thresholds that require immediate intervention; S72. Real-time acquisition of data from each pressure sensor (6), followed by filtering and preprocessing; S73. Compare the processed real-time pressure data with the multi-level early warning threshold and analyze its changing trend over time. S74. Triggering early warnings based on comparison and trend analysis results: When pressure data exceeds the early warning threshold for the first time, it is marked as a Level 1 early warning and recorded. When pressure data continuously exceeds the early warning threshold or momentarily exceeds the alarm threshold, a Level 2 early warning is triggered. When pressure data continuously exceeds the alarm threshold or experiences a precipitous drop, a Level 3 alarm is triggered.

8. A mine safety monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method also includes a safety response step that is linked to the warning level: S81. When a Level 1 warning is triggered, the location information of the corresponding protective box (4) will be automatically highlighted on the monitoring interface, and the data collection frequency of that location will be increased. S82. When a Level 2 warning is triggered, an alarm notification containing the specific location, pressure data, and trend of change is automatically sent to the preset safety management personnel terminal, and a prompt is made to conduct an on-site inspection. S83. When a Level 3 alarm is triggered, an audible and visual alarm is automatically broadcast to the associated work area, and suggested emergency measures are generated, including suspending work in the area, checking the integrity of adjacent support components, and activating the supplementary support plan. S84. Record all early warning events, response operations, and handling results, and use them to update the adaptive optimization model of the multi-level pressure early warning threshold.

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