An experimental device for simulating the falling, accumulation and migration of ore rock scatter

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of experimental device of simulating ore rock bulk blasting, accumulation and migration, belong to mining engineering and mine blasting engineering technical field.It includes experimental warehouse device, vertical throwing device and multi-angle throwing device.The experimental warehouse device is used to construct the geometric space and boundary constraint condition in line with the characteristics of actual underground stope;Vertical throwing device is used to simulate the vertical throwing of ore rock bulk under the action of explosion and gravity after blasting;Multi-angle throwing device can simulate the throwing behavior of ore rock bulk under different blasting energy and throwing direction by adjusting the throwing angle and throwing energy.Through the combination of the above device and the regulation of key parameters, the present application can simulate the motion trajectory, diffusion range, final accumulation form and space-time migration of ore rock bulk under the action of explosion power and multi-throwing direction, so as to provide a repeatable, observable and controllable indoor experimental platform for the similar model experimental study of ore rock bulk accumulation and migration law in underground deep mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an experimental apparatus for simulating the blasting, accumulation, and transport of loose ore and rock, belonging to the technical field of mining engineering and mine blasting engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mining engineering, especially in large-scale underground mining processes such as caving and staged stopes, the blasting of ore and rock, the morphology of the loose material accumulation after caving, and the subsequent transport and release patterns are key scientific issues for designing mining methods, optimizing mining parameters (such as blasting height, outlet location, and bottom structure), predicting ore dilution losses, and ensuring safe and efficient production in the stope. Due to the high cost, high risk, and non-reproducibility of field experiments, using physical similarity simulation experimental devices has become an effective means of obtaining relevant mechanisms and laws.

[0003] Currently, existing physical simulation devices for ore and rock mass transport mainly focus on simulating the ore discharge stage. They typically use fixed-structure experimental chambers (or discharge troughs) to simulate the stope, discharging ore by gravity through bottom or side openings and observing the flow process and final residual morphology of the ore. These devices can, to some extent, simulate the transport behavior of ore under gravity, providing important support for understanding fundamental laws such as the ore discharge ellipsoid theory and the distribution of ore flow fields. However, their core function is limited to "flow simulation after static accumulation," making it difficult to reflect the continuous and complex physical process in actual mining: "blasting dynamic load excitation—ore collapse and throwing—dynamic accumulation formation—release and transport after stabilization." Specifically, existing simulation devices have the following limitations: The simulation of the blasting process is lacking: the existing device cannot simulate the dynamic process of ore and rock being thrown by the blast, and ignores the key influence of the initial velocity and the throwing angle on the accumulation morphology, resulting in experimental conditions that do not match the actual situation.

[0004] The incentive mode is singular: the experiment relies solely on gravity ore release. The blasted ore may have different initial throwing directions and velocities, and may be subject to subsequent blasting vibrations. It cannot simulate multi-angle and multi-form blasting, and it is difficult to reflect the movement law of loose materials under complex mining disturbances.

[0005] Insufficient experimental flexibility: The position and angle of the throwing source are difficult to adjust, which limits the adaptability of the device to different mining site structures and mining processes.

[0006] Poor experimental controllability: The lack of standardized mechanisms for precisely controlling throwing parameters (direction, height, energy) makes it difficult to reproduce experimental conditions and limits the comparability of data. Summary of the Invention

[0007] After thoroughly studying the limitations of existing technologies, this invention provides an experimental device for simulating the blasting, accumulation, and transport of ore and rock fragments. This device integrates a dynamic throwing mechanism with precisely adjustable position, angle, and energy, enabling realistic simulation of the initial throwing effect of dynamic blasting loads on ore and rock, reproducing the entire process from "dynamic throwing" to "dynamic accumulation" and then to "stable release." By parametrically controlling the throwing direction, speed, and energy, the device significantly improves the flexibility, controllability, and repeatability of the experiment, providing an efficient and reliable experimental method for studying the transport patterns of fragments under different mining processes and optimizing mining parameters.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an experimental device for simulating the explosion, accumulation and transport of loose mineral rock, including an experimental chamber device 87, a vertical throwing device 86 and a multi-angle throwing device 85; The vertical throwing device 86 is arranged directly above the main body of the experimental chamber device 87; the two multi-angle throwing devices 85 are respectively movably aligned with the front and rear sides of the main body of the experimental chamber device 87.

[0009] Specifically, the experimental chamber device 87 includes a first ore loading assembly and a ore chamber assembly; the first ore loading assembly includes a first ore loading box 1, a gypsum board base plate 9, a locking device A, an opening plate 16, a rotating device B, a first C-shaped slot 24, and a support plate 26; the first ore loading box 1 is fixedly connected above the first C-shaped slot 24, the gypsum board base plate 9 is placed above the support plate 26, and slides into the first C-shaped slot 24 together with the support plate 26; the opening plate 16 is hinged to one side of the first ore loading box 1 through the rotating device B, and is locked or released from the first ore loading box 1 through the locking device A; Specifically, the ore chamber assembly includes a long crossbeam 2, a diagonal beam 3, a longitudinal beam 4, a short crossbeam 5, an acrylic side panel 6, a No. 1 frame beam 7, a No. 2 frame beam 8, a No. 3 frame beam 22, a throwing port device C, a frame column 23, an ore outlet 25, and a perforated acrylic plate 27. The top of the ore chamber assembly is connected to the bottom of the first C-shaped slot 24 in the first ore loading assembly; two No. 3 frame beams 22 and two No. 2 frame beams 8 are connected to each other through two long crossbeams 2 to form the main frame of the ore chamber; three No. 1 frame beams 7 are respectively connected to the top, middle, and bottom of the No. 2 frame beams 8 on the front and rear sides of the main frame, and the remaining two No. 1 frame beams 7 are respectively connected to the top and bottom of the No. 3 frame beams 22 on the front and rear sides; the acrylic side panel 6 is embedded between the No. 1 frame beams 7 on the left and right sides of the main frame, and the perforated acrylic plate 27 is embedded between the No. 2 frame beams 8 and the No. 3 frame beams 22 on the front and rear sides of the main frame, and the perforated acrylic plate 27 is thrown upwards. A throwing port device C is provided at the throwing port, which is aligned with the multi-angle throwing device 85; the bottom left side of the ore chamber component is connected to the ore outlet 25; the longitudinal beam 4 is connected to the right end of the two long crossbeams 2 at the front and rear, the two ends of the short crossbeam 5 are connected to the middle of the longitudinal beam 4 and the No. 1 frame beam 7 at the top right side of the main frame, and one end of the inclined beam 3 is connected to the middle of the No. 1 frame beam 7 at the top right side of the main frame, and the other end is connected to the end of the longitudinal beam 4; at the intersection of the right side of the main frame longitudinal beam 4 and the right end of the long crossbeam 2, and at the intersection of the top left side of the main frame No. 1 frame beam 7 and the left end of the long crossbeam 2, frame columns 23 are provided, which together form a support structure to enhance the overall stability.

[0010] Specifically, the locking device A includes a first rotating shaft 10, a first fixing plate 11, a hole locking plate 12, a bolt 13, a pad 14, and a nut 15; the first fixing plate 11 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the first ore loading box 1, the hole locking plate 12 is L-shaped, one side of which is rotatably connected to the fixing plate 11 through the first rotating shaft 10; the other side passes through the bolt 13, the nut 15 is installed on one end of the bolt 13, the other end of the bolt 13 is fixedly connected to the pad 14, and the pad 14 is fixedly connected to the opening plate 16.

[0011] Specifically, the rotating device B includes a second rotating shaft 19, five central rotating heads 18, and two end rotating heads 17; wherein, the two end rotating heads 17 and two of the five central rotating heads 18 are respectively installed on the outside of the first C-shaped slot 24, together forming a multi-directional constraint on the second rotating shaft 19; the remaining three central rotating heads 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the opening plate 16.

[0012] Specifically, the throwing port device C includes an L-shaped slot 20 and an L-shaped insert plate 21; the L-shaped slot 20 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower edges of the throwing port of the perforated acrylic plate 27, forming a guide structure that allows the L-shaped insert plate 21 to slide and be inserted laterally.

[0013] Specifically, the vertical throwing device 86 includes a load-bearing frame, a lifting mechanism, a counterweight assembly, and a first sliding positioning mechanism; the load-bearing frame includes a load-bearing horizontal beam 43, a load-bearing vertical beam 44, and two first load-bearing columns 47; the load-bearing horizontal beam 43 and the load-bearing vertical beam 44 are connected and arranged intersectingly, and the two ends of the load-bearing vertical beam 44 are respectively fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding load-bearing column 47, forming a stable portal support structure; Specifically, the lifting mechanism includes a hand crank device F, a load-bearing rope 45, two sets of first guide wheel devices D, two sets of second guide wheel devices J, and a central rotating wheel device E; the two sets of first guide wheel devices D are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44, the two sets of second guide wheel devices J are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the load-bearing cross beam 43, and the central rotating wheel device E is fixedly installed at the intersection of the load-bearing cross beam 43 and the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44; the hand crank device F is fixedly installed on the outside of the first load-bearing column 47; the load-bearing rope 45 sequentially passes through the hand crank device F, the first guide wheel device D, the central rotating wheel device E, and the second guide wheel device J to form a closed loop, constituting a continuous force transmission path; Specifically, the counterweight assembly includes two counterweights 34 and a guide plate 33; the two counterweights 34 are suspended below the load-bearing beam 43 by independent load-bearing ropes 45 passing through the load-bearing beam 43, and the guide plate 33 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the load-bearing beam 43, and a guide channel is formed inside to match the shape of the counterweights 34. Specifically, the first sliding positioning mechanism includes a first pulley device H, a first guide rail 35, a locking device G, and a stop block 46; the first pulley device H is installed at the bottom of each first load-bearing column 47; the first guide rail 35 is laid on the experimental site; the locking device G is connected at both ends to the lower outer edge of the first load-bearing column 47 and the experimental site; the stop block 46 is fixedly installed at both ends of the first guide rail 35 to limit the movement range of the vertical throwing device 86; Specifically, both the first guide wheel device D and the second guide wheel device J structurally include a guide support plate, a third rotating shaft 28, a guide wheel 29, and a nut 15. The guide wheel 29 is fixedly sleeved on the middle of the third rotating shaft 28, and the two ends of the third rotating shaft 28 are rotatably supported between two parallel and spaced guide support plates, with axial positioning achieved by tightening the nut 15. The load-bearing rope 45 is arranged in the circumferential groove of the guide wheel 29. The two sets of first guide wheel devices D each have two first guide support plates 31, which are reinforced and fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44 via connecting plates 30. The two sets of second guide wheel devices J each have two second guide support plates 32, which are fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing crossbeam 43.

[0014] Specifically, the intermediate rotating wheel device E includes a fourth rotating shaft 41, a fixing plate 38, intermediate rotating wheels 39, a support base 42, and ribs 40; the support base 42 is fixedly connected to the cross intersection of the load-bearing cross beam 43 and the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44; four ribs 40 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the support base 42 to enhance its structural stability; the fourth rotating shaft 41 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top surface of the support base 42; two intermediate rotating wheels 39 are rotatably sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft 41; the fixing plate 38 is provided at the top and bottom of the upper intermediate rotating wheel 39 and is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft 41 to prevent the intermediate rotating wheel 39 from axially dislodging.

[0015] Specifically, the first pulley device H includes a T-beam 37, two ninth shafts 84, four pulleys 36, and nuts 15; the T-beam 37 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first load-bearing column 47; the two ninth shafts 84 are laterally fixedly connected to the lower end of the T-beam 37; each pair of pulleys 36 is rotatably fitted onto both ends of a ninth shaft 84; each pair of nuts 15 is tightened onto both ends of the ninth shaft 84 to axially limit the pulleys 36.

[0016] Specifically, the hand crank device F includes a first rotating handle 48, a first rocker arm 49, a first rod head 50, a second fixing plate 52, a fifth rotating shaft 53, a winch 51, and a cover 54; two second fixing plates 52 are fixed to the first load-bearing column 47 at intervals; both ends of the fifth rotating shaft 53 are rotatably supported on the two second fixing plates 52 respectively; the winch 51 is coaxially fixedly sleeved in the middle of the fifth rotating shaft 53 for winding or releasing the load-bearing rope 45; the first rotating handle 48 is fixedly connected to one end of the fifth rotating shaft 53; one end of the first rocker arm 49 is fixedly connected to the rotating handle 48, and the other end is connected to the first rod head 50; the cover 54 is fixedly installed on the other end of the fifth rotating shaft 53.

[0017] Specifically, the locking device G includes a locking rod 56, at least two capless pins 55, and a plurality of locking units arranged continuously along the first guide rail 35; each locking unit includes a base plate 58 and a set of pin plates 57 fixed thereon, each set of pin plates 57 is composed of two parallel spaced plates, and the slot formed therebetween is used to accommodate the locking rod 56; a locking unit is fixed to the lower outer side of each first load-bearing column 47, and the plurality of locking units distributed along the guide rail direction correspond to different locking positions.

[0018] Specifically, the multi-angle throwing device 85 includes a second ore loading assembly M, a multi-angle adjustment assembly, a horizontal hammer assembly, and a second sliding positioning mechanism; the second ore loading assembly M includes a second ore loading box 65, a push plate 59, a second pulley device K, a top cover plate 64, a second C-shaped slot 88, a third C-shaped slot 89, a slide rail plate 62, and a square insert plate 63; the second ore loading box 65 is a box structure with openings in the front, rear, and top directions, with its rear opening aligned with the experimental chamber device 87; two slide rail plates 62 are fixedly installed in parallel on the left and right inner walls of the second ore loading box 65, and the inner surfaces of the two slide rail plates 62 and the inner bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65 are smooth planes, forming a continuous guide rail surface for the push plate 59 to slide; two second pulley devices K are installed on the bottom and left and right sides of the push plate 59, so that the push plate 59 is supported by the second pulley devices K on the inner surface of the slide rail plate 62 and the second ore loading box 65. 5. On the bottom surface, it can move along a continuous guide rail; the inner side of the second ore loading box 65 is provided with two second C-shaped slots 88 and two third C-shaped slots 89, wherein the two third C-shaped slots 89 are fixedly connected to the top of the slide rail plate 62, and the other two second C-shaped slots 88 are simultaneously fixedly connected to the rear end of the slide rail plate 62 and the left and right inner side walls of the second ore loading box 65; multiple top cover plates 64 are detachably inserted into the third C-shaped slots 89 to close the top opening of the second ore loading box 65; square insert plates 63 are detachably inserted into the second C-shaped slots 88 to close the rear opening of the second ore loading box 65; wherein, the second pulley device K includes a sixth rotating shaft 60 and a rotating wheel 61, the sixth rotating shaft 60 is fixedly installed in the assembly slot opened on the push plate 59, and the rotating wheel 61 is rotatably sleeved on the sixth rotating shaft 60, and the outer edge of the rotating wheel 61 forms rolling contact with the inner side of the slide rail plate 62 and the guide surface of the bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65; Specifically, the multi-angle adjustment assembly includes four symmetrically arranged independent lifting units. Each lifting unit includes a telescopic column 68, a seventh rotating shaft 67, two third fixing plates 66, an eighth rotating shaft 69, a second rotating handle 70, a second rocker arm 71, and a second rod head 72. The two third fixing plates 66 are parallel to and fixed to the bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65, forming a slot between them. The top of the telescopic column 68 is inserted into the slot and is rotatably connected to the top of the telescopic column 68 and the two third fixing plates 69 through the seventh rotating shaft 67. Between 6, a hinge structure is formed; the eighth rotating shaft 69 is horizontally inserted through the lower part of the telescopic column 68 and rotatably supported inside it; the second rotating handle 70 is fixedly connected to the extended end of the eighth rotating shaft 69; one end of the second rocker arm 71 is fixedly connected to the second rotating handle 70, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second rod head 72; the telescopic column 68 is a sleeve-type telescopic structure, and its interior is equipped with a spiral lifting mechanism driven by the eighth rotating shaft 69. The rotational motion of the eighth rotating shaft 69 is converted into the lifting motion of the top of the telescopic column 68 through the spiral lifting mechanism; Specifically, the horizontal hammer assembly includes two parallel vertical second bearing columns 79, a load-bearing round rod 76, a rotating rod 77, and a horizontal hammer 78; the two ends of the load-bearing round rod 76 are respectively fixedly connected to the top ends of the two second bearing columns 79, forming a portal-type load-bearing structure; the top end of the rotating rod 77 is rotatably sleeved on the load-bearing round rod 76; the horizontal hammer 78 is connected to the bottom end of the rotating rod 77. Specifically, the second sliding positioning mechanism includes a third pulley device 90 (identical to the first pulley device H), a second guide rail 81, a locking piece 80, a capped pin 82, a stop block 46, a perforated base plate 73, a U-shaped shaft 74, a bottom wheel 75, and a U-shaped brake pad 83; the perforated base plate 73 serves as an integrated support platform, and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic column 68 of the multi-angle adjustment device and the bottom of the second guide rail 81; the third pulley device 90 is installed at the bottom of each second load-bearing column 79; the perforated base plate 73 has multiple positioning holes symmetrically arranged on both sides along its length; the locking piece 80 is a plate-shaped structure with a central protrusion and extended wings on both sides, and its central protrusion is detachable. The ground span is located on the top of the second guide rail 81, and its two side extension wings are flat on the upper surface of the perforated base plate 73. The locking piece 80 can slide along the length of the guide rail. The two side extension wings of the locking piece 80 have through holes corresponding to the positioning holes on both sides of the perforated base plate 73. The capped pin 82 passes through the through holes of the locking piece 80 and the positioning holes of the perforated base plate 73 in sequence to achieve locking. The stop blocks 46 are fixed to both ends of the second guide rail 81. The upper end of the U-shaped shaft 74 is fixedly connected to the four bottom corners of the perforated base plate 73, and the lower end is equipped with a bottom wheel 75. When the whole device moves to the preset working position, the U-shaped brake pad 83 is sleeved on the contact surface of the bottom wheel 75 and the left and right sides of the U-shaped shaft 74.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This device integrates three major functional modules: simulated vertical and multi-angle blasting and throwing, dynamic accumulation and stable release. It realizes the complete reproduction of the entire process chain of ore and rock granules from blasting to ore release in the laboratory environment, effectively overcoming the limitation of existing experimental methods that can only study a single link in isolation. (2) This device ensures the motion synchronization and trajectory accuracy of the double-sided weights during the lifting and release process through precise multi-stage guide wheel system and independent rope transmission path design, effectively avoiding energy loss and experimental deviation caused by uneven load or friction, thus realizing high-fidelity synchronous simulation of the double-sided explosion effect. (3) This device can precisely control the impact energy by setting the height of the hammer, flexibly change the throwing angle and direction by adjusting the support height and moving the positioning, and ensure the consistency of the initial conditions for each experiment; (4) This device innovatively uses a perforable gypsum board as the physical boundary of the simulated blasting fracture surface. Its mechanical properties are controllable and the fracture mode is repeatable. It can truly reflect the sudden change in the state of the ore and rock from a continuous body to a granular body at the moment of blasting, and provides a more realistic physical simulation interface for studying the ore and rock fragmentation and initial movement under blasting action. (5) The lifting mechanism of this device is labor-saving and reliable, the moving module is quickly positioned and locked firmly, and the modular and visual design facilitates maintenance and realizes the visual observation of the entire process of the movement of the loose body; (6) This device combines the horizontal movement positioning of the vertical throwing module with the pitch adjustment of the multi-angle throwing module to realize the flexible combination of the blasting throwing source in space and direction, so as to accurately simulate and study the influence of the spatial distribution of the blasting source on the movement of ore and rock and the formation of ore piles. (7) This device provides an efficient and reliable physical experimental platform for the optimization of mining technology. It can systematically study the influence of blasting, bulk and structural parameters on the ore collapse and ore release laws, and provide direct experimental verification means for engineering design and parameter optimization. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental chamber device at the front of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental chamber device from the rear position of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the central locking device A; Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the rotating device B; Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the throwing port device C; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical throwing device of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the first guide wheel device D; Figure 9 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the E-type rotary drum device; Figure 10 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the front-to-back hand crank mechanism F connection structure from one direction; Figure 11 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the F-connecting structure of the hand crank device in the front and rear directions from another angle; Figure 12 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the second guide wheel device J; Figure 13 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the first pulley device H in the middle; Figure 14 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the locking device G; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-angle throwing device of the present invention; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the second ore loading component M; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged view of the connection structure of the second pulley device K. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example 1: As Figure 1-17 As shown, an experimental device for simulating the explosion, accumulation and transport of loose minerals and rocks includes an experimental chamber device 87, a vertical throwing device 86 and a multi-angle throwing device 85. The experimental device for simulating the blasting, accumulation and transport of loose mineral rock is divided into three main parts: a vertical throwing device 86 is arranged directly above the main body of the experimental chamber device 87; and two multi-angle throwing devices 85 are movably aligned with the front and rear sides of the main body of the experimental chamber device 87.

[0025] The vertical throwing device 86 simulates the vertical blasting process of ore and rock fragments under different blasting energies by adjusting the falling height of the hammer. The multi-angle throwing device 85 simulates the lateral throwing motion of ore and rock fragments under different incident angles and blasting energies by independently adjusting the pitch angle and impact energy. The experimental chamber device 87, as the core loading and observation unit of the system, has the vertical throwing device 86 installed on its top, the multi-angle throwing device 85 connected to its front and rear side walls, and a ore outlet at its bottom for observing and studying the release process of ore and rock fragments. The three devices, through spatial alignment and functional linkage, collaboratively construct a physical experimental system that can completely simulate the entire process of "dynamic blasting - dynamic accumulation - stable ore release".

[0026] Furthermore, the experimental chamber device 87 includes a first ore loading assembly and a ore chamber assembly; the first ore loading assembly includes a first ore loading box 1, a gypsum board base plate 9, a locking device A, an opening plate 16, a rotating device B, a first C-shaped slot 24, and a support plate 26; the first ore loading box 1 is fixedly connected above the first C-shaped slot 24, the gypsum board base plate 9 is placed above the support plate 26, and together with the support plate 26, slides into the first C-shaped slot 24; the opening plate 16 is hinged to one side of the first ore loading box 1 through the rotating device B, and is connected to the first ore loading box 1 through the locking device A. Set A to lock or release with the first ore loading box 1; during ore loading, push the gypsum base plate 9 and the support plate 26 into the bottom along the first C-shaped slot 24, open the locking device A and make the opening plate 16 rotate downward around the rotating device B to open, and carry out the ore and rock bulk filling; after the ore loading is completed, first pull out the support plate, so that the gypsum base plate is suspended and supported on the C-shaped slot, and then start the vertical throwing device 86 corresponding to the first ore loading component. Under the action of hammer force, the ore penetrates the gypsum base plate 9 and is thrown into the ore chamber component to realize the simulation of the vertical blasting process; Furthermore, the mine housing components include a long crossbeam 2, a diagonal beam 3, a longitudinal beam 4, a short crossbeam 5, an acrylic side plate 6, a frame beam 1 7, a frame beam 2 8, a frame beam 3 22, a throwing port device C, a frame column 23, a ore outlet 25, and a perforated acrylic plate 27. The top of the ore chamber assembly is connected to the bottom of the first C-shaped slot 24 in the first ore loading assembly; two No. 3 frame beams 22 and two No. 2 frame beams 8 are connected to each other by two long crossbeams 2 to form the main frame of the ore chamber; three No. 1 frame beams 7 are connected to the top, middle and bottom of the No. 2 frame beams 8 on the front and rear sides of the main frame, respectively, and the other two No. 1 frame beams 7 are connected to the top and bottom of the No. 3 frame beams 22 on the front and rear sides, respectively; acrylic side panels 6 are embedded between the No. 1 frame beams 7 on the left and right sides of the main frame, and perforated acrylic panels 27 are embedded between the No. 2 frame beams 8 and No. 3 frame beams 22 on the front and rear sides of the main frame. The perforated acrylic panel 27 has a throwing port device C at the throwing port, which is aligned with a multi-angle throwing device. The second ore loading box 65 in the 85 has an opening at the rear end, and the throwing port device C is used to open or close the throwing port; the bottom left side of the ore chamber component is connected to the ore outlet 25 for ore extraction and to conduct ore and rock mass transport test research; the longitudinal beam 4 is connected to the right end of the two long crossbeams 2 at the front and rear, and the two ends of the short crossbeam 5 are respectively connected to the longitudinal beam 4 and the No. 1 frame beam 7 at the top right side of the main frame; one end of the inclined beam 3 is connected to the middle of the No. 1 frame beam 7 at the top right side of the main frame, and the other end is connected to the end of the longitudinal beam 4; at the intersection of the right side of the main frame longitudinal beam 4 and the right end of the long crossbeam 2, and at the intersection of the top left side of the main frame No. 1 frame beam 7 and the left end of the long crossbeam 2, frame columns 23 are set to form a support structure that enhances the overall stability.

[0027] Furthermore, the locking device A includes a first rotating shaft 10, a first fixing plate 11, a hole locking plate 12, a bolt 13, a pad 14, and a nut 15; the first fixing plate 11 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the first ore loading box 1, the hole locking plate 12 is L-shaped, and the hole locking plate 12 is rotatably connected to the fixing plate 11 through the first rotating shaft 10; the pad 14 is fixedly connected to the opening plate 16, and the bolt 13 is connected to the pad 14; when locking the opening plate 16, the locking plate 12 is rotated around the first rotating shaft 10 so that its hole passes through the bolt 13, and locking is achieved by tightening the nut 15.

[0028] Furthermore, the rotating device B includes a second rotating shaft 19, five central rotating heads 18, and two end rotating heads 17; the two end rotating heads 17 and two of the central rotating heads 18 are respectively installed on the outside of the first C-shaped slot 24, forming a multi-directional constraint on the second rotating shaft 19; the remaining three central rotating heads 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the opening plate 16; when loading ore, the opening plate 16 can rotate around the second rotating shaft 19 with the help of the central rotating heads 18 to open or close.

[0029] Furthermore, the throwing port device C includes an L-shaped slot 20 and an L-shaped insert 21; the L-shaped slot 20 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower edges of the throwing port of the perforated acrylic plate 27, forming a guide structure that allows the L-shaped insert 21 to slide and be inserted / removed laterally. During the multi-angle throwing experiment, the L-shaped insert 21 is removed from the L-shaped slot 20, leaving the throwing port open. The opening at the rear end of the second ore box 65 in the multi-angle throwing device 85 is aligned with the throwing port for the throwing experiment. After the experiment, the L-shaped insert 21 is reinserted into the L-shaped slot 20, closing the throwing port, thereby achieving the enclosure and protection of the experimental area.

[0030] Furthermore, the vertical throwing device 86 includes a load-bearing frame, a lifting mechanism, a counterweight assembly, and a first sliding positioning mechanism; the load-bearing frame includes a load-bearing horizontal beam 43, a load-bearing vertical beam 44, and two first load-bearing columns 47; the load-bearing horizontal beam 43 and the load-bearing vertical beam 44 are connected and arranged intersectingly, and the two ends of the load-bearing vertical beam 44 are respectively fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding load-bearing column 47, forming a stable portal support structure; Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a hand crank device F, a load-bearing rope 45, two sets of first guide wheel devices D, two sets of second guide wheel devices J, and a central rotating wheel device E; the first guide wheel devices D are symmetrically installed on both sides of the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44, and the second guide wheel devices J are symmetrically installed on both sides of the load-bearing transverse beam 43; the central rotating wheel device E is fixedly installed at the intersection of the load-bearing transverse beam 43 and the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44, used to realize the motion conversion of the load-bearing rope 45 in the longitudinal and transverse directions and the connection of the force transmission path; the hand crank device F... Fixedly installed on the outside of the first load-bearing column 47; the load-bearing rope 45 sequentially passes through the hand crank device F, the first guide wheel device D, the central rotating wheel device E and the second guide wheel device J to form a closed loop, constituting a continuous force transmission path; the first guide wheel device D, the second guide wheel device J and the central rotating wheel device E together form a multi-level spatial guidance system, which controls the movement trajectory of the load-bearing rope 45 through segmented guidance and multi-point constraint, thereby reducing friction loss while ensuring the accuracy and stability of the lifting path, thus realizing efficient and controllable manual lifting operation; Furthermore, the counterweight assembly includes two counterweights 34 and a guide plate 33; the two counterweights 34 are respectively suspended below the load-bearing beam 43 by independent load-bearing ropes 45 passing through the load-bearing beam 43, and the guide plate 33 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the load-bearing beam 43, and a guide channel is formed inside to match the shape of the counterweights 34, which is used to restrain the lateral swaying of the counterweights during the lifting and lowering process, and to ensure that the counterweights move vertically. Furthermore, the first sliding positioning mechanism includes a first pulley device H, a first guide rail 35, a locking device G, and a stop block 46; the first pulley device H is installed at the bottom of each first load-bearing column 47 to support the entire vertical throwing device 86 and enable its horizontal movement; the first guide rail 35 is laid on the experimental site to provide a precise straight-line movement path for the first pulley device H; the locking device G is connected at both ends to the lower outer edge of the first load-bearing column 47 and the experimental site, respectively, to firmly fix the vertical throwing device 86 after it moves to the predetermined experimental position, preventing displacement during the experiment; the stop block 46 is fixedly installed at both ends of the first guide rail 35 to limit the movement range of the vertical throwing device 86 and prevent it from sliding off the guide rail and causing an accident; Furthermore, the transmission path of each load-bearing rope 45 is set independently. It passes through the hand crank device F, the first guide wheel device D on the corresponding side, the central rotating wheel device E, and the second guide wheel device J on the corresponding side in sequence, and then connects downward to the corresponding weight 34. By operating the hand crank device F, the load-bearing rope 45 can be tightened to raise the weight 34 to a set height. After release, the weight 34 falls in the vertical direction constrained by the guide plate 33, and acts on the mineral rock mass laid on the upper part of the experimental chamber device 87 with the set impact energy to simulate the throwing and accumulation process under the action of blasting.

[0031] Furthermore, both the first guide wheel device D and the second guide wheel device J structurally include a guide support plate, a third rotating shaft 28, a guide wheel 29, and a nut 15. The guide wheel 29 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the third rotating shaft 28, and both ends of the third rotating shaft 28 are rotatably supported between two parallel and spaced guide support plates, with axial positioning achieved by tightening the nut 15. The load-bearing rope 45 is arranged in the circumferential groove of the guide wheel 29 and moves along its guide surface to guide the direction of movement. The two sets of first guide wheel devices D each have two first guide support plates 31, which are reinforced and fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44 via connecting plates 30. The two sets of second guide wheel devices J each have two second guide support plates 32, which are fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing crossbeam 43. The installation height of both the first guide support plates 31 and the second guide support plates 32 can be adjusted independently. By selecting support plates of different heights, the center height of the corresponding guide wheel 29 can be precisely matched with the center height of the corresponding intermediate wheel 39 in the intermediate wheel device E, thereby ensuring that the load-bearing rope 45 moves smoothly and is guided accurately throughout the entire transmission path.

[0032] Furthermore, the intermediate rotating wheel device E includes a fourth rotating shaft 41, a fixing plate 38, intermediate rotating wheels 39, a support base 42, and ribs 40; the support base 42 is fixedly connected to the cross intersection of the load-bearing crossbeam 43 and the load-bearing longitudinal beam 44; four ribs 40 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the support base 42 to enhance its structural stability; the fourth rotating shaft 41 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top surface of the support base 42; two intermediate rotating wheels 39 are rotatably sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft 41; the fixing plate 38 is provided at the top and bottom of the upper intermediate rotating wheel 39 and is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft 41 to prevent the intermediate rotating wheel 39 from axially dislodging.

[0033] Furthermore, the first pulley device H includes a T-beam 37, two ninth rotating shafts 84, four pulleys 36, and nuts 15; the T-beam 37 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first load-bearing column 47; the two ninth rotating shafts 84 are laterally fixedly connected to the lower end of the T-beam 37; each pair of pulleys 36 is rotatably fitted onto both ends of one ninth rotating shaft 84; each pair of nuts 15 is tightened onto both ends of the ninth rotating shaft 84 to axially limit the pulleys 36. When the first load-bearing column 47 is driven to move, the T-beam 37 drives the ninth rotating shafts 84 and the pulleys 36 mounted on them to slide as a whole along the preset first guide rail 35.

[0034] Further, the hand crank device F includes a first rotating handle 48, a first rocker arm 49, a first rod head 50, a second fixed plate 52, a fifth rotating shaft 53, a winch 51, and a cover 54; two second fixed plates 52 are fixed to the first load-bearing column 47 at intervals; the two ends of the fifth rotating shaft 53 are rotatably supported on the two second fixed plates 52 respectively; the winch 51 is coaxially fixedly sleeved in the middle of the fifth rotating shaft 53 for winding or releasing the load-bearing rope 45; the first rotating handle 48 is fixedly connected to... At one end of the fifth rotating shaft 53, a rotational torque is input; one end of the first rocker arm 49 is fixedly connected to the rotating handle 48, and the other end is connected to the first rod head 50; the cover 54 is fixedly installed at the other end of the fifth rotating shaft 53 for axial limiting to prevent the fifth rotating shaft 53 from coming off; when performing a vertical throwing experiment, the winch 51 is rotated by rotating the first rocker arm 49 clockwise to achieve the winding of the load-bearing rope 45 to lift the weight 34, and the weight is released by placing the first rocker arm 49 to complete the throwing action.

[0035] Furthermore, the locking device G includes a locking rod 56, at least two capless pins 55, and multiple locking units continuously arranged on the ground along the first guide rail 35; each locking unit includes a base plate 58 and a set of pin plates 57 fixed thereon, each set of pin plates 57 is composed of two parallel spaced plates, and the slot formed therebetween is used to accommodate the locking rod 56; a locking unit is fixed to the lower outer side of each first load-bearing column 47, and the multiple locking units distributed along the guide rail direction correspond to different locking positions; when the vertical throwing device 86 moves to the preset position, the locking units on the first load-bearing columns 47 on both sides are precisely aligned with the corresponding locking units on the ground, the locking rod 56 is simultaneously passed through the slots on the locking units on both sides, and capless pins 55 are inserted at both ends of the locking rod 56 to lock the entire vertical throwing device 86.

[0036] Furthermore, the multi-angle throwing device 85 includes a second ore loading assembly M, a multi-angle adjustment assembly, a horizontal hammer assembly, and a second sliding positioning mechanism; the second ore loading assembly M includes a second ore loading box 65, a push plate 59, a second pulley device K, a top cover plate 64, a second C-shaped slot 88, a third C-shaped slot 89, a slide rail plate 62, and a square insert plate 63; the second ore loading box 65 is a box structure with openings on the front, rear, sides, and top, with its rear opening aligned with the throwing port of the perforated acrylic plate 27 in the experimental chamber device 87; the two slide rail plates 62 are parallel and fixed. The push plate 59 is fixedly installed on the left and right inner walls of the second ore loading box 65. The inner surfaces of the two slide rail plates 62 and the inner bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65 are smooth planes, which together form a continuous guide rail surface for the push plate 59 to slide. Two second pulley devices K are installed on the bottom and left and right sides of the push plate 59, so that the push plate 59 is supported by rolling on the inner surface of the slide rail plate 62 and the bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65 through the second pulley devices K, and can move along the continuous guide rail, thereby pushing out the ore and rock in the second ore loading box 65. The inner side of the second ore loading box 65 is provided with two second C-shaped guide rails. The second loading assembly M consists of a C-shaped slot 88 and two third C-shaped slots 89, with the two third C-shaped slots 89 fixedly connected to the top front of the slide rail plate 62, and the other two second C-shaped slots 88 simultaneously fixedly connected to the rear end of the slide rail plate 62 and the left and right inner side walls of the second loading box 65; multiple top cover plates 64 are detachably inserted into the third C-shaped slots 89 to close the top opening of the second loading box 65; square insert plates 63 are detachably inserted into the second C-shaped slots 88 to close the rear opening of the second loading box 65; the second loading assembly M is connected to the square insert plates 88 via the top cover plates 64 and the square insert plates 89. The insertion and connection of 3 achieves the sealed loading of ore and rock bulk, and the low-resistance sliding mechanism formed by the continuous guide rail surface and the second pulley device K enables the push plate 59 to smoothly push out the ore and rock bulk with minimal friction under the drive of the horizontal hammer assembly; wherein, the second pulley device K includes a sixth rotating shaft 60 and a rotating wheel 61. The sixth rotating shaft 60 is fixedly installed in the assembly groove opened on the push plate 59, and the rotating wheel 61 is rotatably sleeved on the sixth rotating shaft 60. The outer edge of the rotating wheel 61 forms rolling contact with the inner side of the slide rail plate 62 and the guide surface of the bottom surface of the second loading box 65; Furthermore, the multi-angle adjustment assembly includes four symmetrically arranged independent lifting units. Each lifting unit includes a telescopic column 68, a seventh rotating shaft 67, two third fixing plates 66, an eighth rotating shaft 69, a second rotating handle 70, a second rocker arm 71, and a second rod head 72. The two third fixing plates 66 are parallelly fixed to the bottom surface of the second ore loading box 65, forming a slot between them. The top of the telescopic column 68 is inserted into the slot and rotatably connected between the top of the telescopic column 68 and the two third fixing plates 66 via the seventh rotating shaft 67, forming a hinge structure. The eighth rotating shaft 69 is horizontally inserted through the lower part of the telescopic column 68 and rotatably supported therein. The second rotating handle 70 is fixed to the extended end of the eighth rotating shaft 69. The second rocker arm 71... One end is fixedly connected to the second rotating handle 70, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second rod head 72; the telescopic column 68 is a sleeve-type telescopic structure, and its interior is equipped with a screw lifting mechanism driven by the eighth rotating shaft 69. The rotational motion of the eighth rotating shaft 69 is converted into the lifting motion of the top of the telescopic column 68 through the screw lifting mechanism; when loading ore, the second rocker arm 71 of the four sets of lifting units is rotated synchronously to shorten the telescopic column 68, thereby reducing the height of the second ore loading box 65; when conducting multi-angle throwing experiments, the second rocker arm 71 of the two sets of lifting units at the front end is adjusted, and the rear lifting unit is fixed, so that the corresponding telescopic columns 68 of the front and rear sets are at different heights, thereby making the second ore loading box 65 form the required tilt angle and achieving experimental conditions for different throwing angles; Furthermore, the horizontal hammer assembly includes two parallel vertical second support columns 79, a load-bearing circular rod 76, a rotating rod 77, and a horizontal hammer 78; both ends of the load-bearing circular rod 76 are fixedly connected to the tops of the two second support columns 79, forming a portal-type load-bearing structure; the top of the rotating rod 77 is rotatably sleeved on the load-bearing circular rod 76 and can swing freely around the axis of the load-bearing circular rod 76; the horizontal hammer 78 is connected to the bottom end of the rotating rod 77; when conducting a multi-angle throwing experiment, the horizontal hammer 78 is raised... Released at different heights, the hammer can acquire different kinetic energies, thus simulating the throwing effect under different blasting energy levels. During the experiment, the released horizontal hammer 78 falls under the action of gravity and drives the rotating rod 77 to rotate around the load-bearing circular rod 76, accelerating along the arc trajectory to hit the push plate 59. This causes the push plate 59 to slide along the slide rail plate 62 and the inner bottom surface of the second ore box 65, thereby throwing the ore and rock fragments in the second ore box 65 according to the set energy conditions, realizing a quantifiable and controllable blasting throwing power loading process. Further, the second sliding positioning mechanism includes a third pulley device 90 (identical to the first pulley device H), a second guide rail 81, a locking piece 80, a capped pin 82, a stop block 46, a perforated base plate 73, a U-shaped shaft 74, a bottom wheel 75, and a U-shaped brake pad 83; the perforated base plate 73 serves as an integrated support platform, its top being fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic column 68 of the multi-angle adjustment device, the bottom of the second guide rail 81, and the bottom of the stop block 46; the third pulley device 90 is installed at the bottom of each second load-bearing column 79 and supports the entire horizontal hammer assembly; the perforated base plate 73 has multiple positioning holes symmetrically arranged on both sides along its length; the locking piece 80 is a plate-like structure with a central protrusion and two side extension wings, its central protrusion being detachably mounted across the top of the second guide rail 81, and its two side extension wings being flat on the upper surface of the perforated base plate 73, and the locking piece 80 can slide along the length of the guide rail; the two side extension wings of the locking piece 80 have openings similar to those of the first pulley device H. The perforated base plate 73 has corresponding through holes on both sides of the positioning holes. When the horizontal hammer assembly moves to the predetermined experimental position, the two locking plates 80 are slid until their sides are close to the second bearing column 79. At this time, the through holes on both sides of the locking plates 80 are aligned with the corresponding positioning holes on the perforated base plate 73. The capped pins 82 are used to pass through the through holes of the locking plates 80 and the positioning holes of the perforated base plate 73 in sequence to lock the horizontal hammer assembly and prevent it from shifting during the experiment. The stop blocks 46 are fixed to both ends of the second guide rail 81 to form a mechanical limit for the movement of the horizontal hammer assembly and prevent it from slipping out accidentally. The upper end of the U-shaped shaft 74 is fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom of the perforated base plate 73, and the lower end is equipped with a bottom wheel 75, which enables the entire multi-angle throwing device 85 to move flexibly. When the entire device moves to the preset working position, the U-shaped brake pad 83 is sleeved on the contact surface of the bottom wheel 75 and the left and right sides of the U-shaped shaft 74 to achieve reliable braking of the bottom wheel 75 through friction.

[0037] The usage process of the device described in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Experimental preparation and loading: The experimental chamber device 87 is placed stably in the experimental area; the vertical throwing device 86 is moved to the vicinity of the experimental chamber device 87 by the first pulley device H and the first guide rail 35, and the multi-angle throwing device 85 is moved to the vicinity of the experimental chamber device 87 for standby by the bottom wheel 75 rolling around the U-shaped shaft 74; when vertical loading is carried out, the bearing plate 26 and the gypsum bottom plate 9 are pushed into the bottom end of the first ore box 1 along the first C-shaped slot 24, the locking device A is opened and the opening plate 16 is opened to load ore; when lateral loading is carried out, multiple top cover plates 64 are detachably inserted into the third C-shaped slot 89, and the square insert plate 63 is detachably inserted into the second C-shaped slot 88 to form a closed silo. The four sets of second rockers 71 are rotated synchronously to lower the height of the second ore box 65 before loading the ore and rock bulk.

[0038] (2) Device alignment and angle adjustment: Move the vertical throwing device 86 along the first guide rail 35 to the top of the experimental chamber device 87 through the first pulley device H, so that the two weights 34 are aligned with the center area of ​​the first ore box 1, and use the locking device G to lock the vertical throwing device 86 to the ground; according to the experimental plan, rotate the second rocker arm 71 of the front or rear lifting unit of the multi-angle throwing device 85 at the same time to change the height difference of the front and rear telescopic columns 68, so that the second ore box 65 forms the required pitch angle; move the multi-angle throwing device 85 as a whole, so that the discharge port of the second ore box 65 is precisely aligned with the throwing port on the side wall of the experimental chamber device 87, use the locking piece 80 and the capped pin 82 to fix the horizontal hammer assembly, and use the U-shaped brake pad 83 to lock all the bottom wheels 75.

[0039] (3) Dynamic blasting and throwing simulation: When performing vertical blasting simulation, the hand crank device F is operated to lift the hammer 34 to the set height through the load-bearing rope 45, the bearing plate 26 is pulled out so that the ore and rock are supported only by the gypsum base plate 9, and the hammer 34 is released to fall along the guide plate 33 to penetrate the gypsum base plate 9 and throw the ore and rock into the mine assembly vertically; when performing lateral throwing simulation, the L-shaped insert plate 21 corresponding to the throwing port is pulled out, the horizontal hammer 78 is lifted to the set height and then released, the horizontal hammer 78 drives the rotating rod 77 to swing and hit the push plate 59, the push plate 59 slides along the slide rail plate 62 through the second pulley device K, and throws the ore and rock in the second ore box 65 at the set angle and energy.

[0040] (4) Observation of ore and rock movement and ore release: After the throwing experiment is completed, the L-shaped insert plate 21 of each throwing port device C is re-inserted into the L-shaped slot 20 to close the throwing port; the ore and rock granules accumulated in the ore chamber component are controlled and released through the ore outlet 25 at the bottom of the experimental chamber device 87 to simulate the ore release process; the movement, accumulation morphology and release pattern of the ore and rock granules are recorded through the acrylic side plate 6 and the perforated acrylic plate 27.

[0041] (5) End of experiment and reset: After completing the ore discharge study and data recording, stop the discharge of ore and rock from the ore outlet 25; release the locking device G from the vertical throwing device 86 and move it away from the top of the experimental chamber device 87 along the first guide rail 35; release the locking of the U-shaped brake pad 83 and move it away from the side of the experimental chamber device 87; clean the remaining ore and rock in the experimental chamber device 87, the first ore loading box 1 and the second ore loading box 65, check the integrity of each device component, and prepare for the next experiment.

[0042] This invention integrates vertical and multi-angle throwing devices to conduct blasting experiments on ore and rock fragments under different impact energies and throwing angles. With the help of the visual observation and controllable ore release structure of the experimental chamber device, the entire process of dynamic throwing, accumulation formation and subsequent ore release and transportation of ore and rock fragments under blasting is systematically reproduced. Thus, it provides a complete, controllable and observable physical similarity test research system for the ore and rock throwing law that is difficult to reproduce on site in deep underground.

[0043] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive shedding, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral and rock masses, characterized in that: It includes an experimental chamber device (87), a vertical throwing device (86), and a multi-angle throwing device (85). The vertical throwing device (86) is positioned directly above the main body of the experimental chamber device (87); the two multi-angle throwing devices (85) are movably aligned with the front and rear sides of the main body of the experimental chamber device (87).

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental chamber device (87) includes a first ore loading assembly and a ore chamber assembly; The first ore loading assembly includes a first ore loading box (1), a gypsum base plate (9), a locking device A, an opening plate (16), a rotating device B, a first C-shaped slot (24), and a support plate (26). The first ore loading box (1) is fixedly connected above the first C-shaped slot (24), and the gypsum base plate (9) is placed above the support plate (26) and slides into the first C-shaped slot (24) together with the support plate (26). The opening plate (16) is hinged to one side of the first ore loading box (1) through the rotating device B, and is locked or released from the first ore loading box (1) through the locking device (A). The ore chamber assembly includes a long crossbeam (2), a diagonal beam (3), a longitudinal beam (4), a short crossbeam (5), an acrylic side panel (6), a frame beam No. 1 (7), a frame beam No. 2 (8), a frame beam No. 3 (22), a throwing port device C, a frame column (23), an ore outlet (25), and a perforated acrylic plate (27). The top of the ore chamber assembly is connected to the bottom of the first C-shaped slot (24) in the first ore loading assembly. Two frame beams No. 3 (22) and two frame beams No. 2 (8) are connected to each other by two long crossbeams (2) to form the main frame of the ore chamber. Three frame beams No. 1 (7) are connected to the top, middle, and bottom of the frame beams No. 2 (8) on the front and rear sides of the main frame, respectively. The other two frame beams No. 1 (7) are connected to the top and bottom of the frame beams No. 3 (22) on the front and rear sides, respectively. The acrylic side panel (6) is embedded between the frame beams No. 1 (7) on the left and right sides of the main frame, with... The perforated acrylic plate (27) is embedded between the No. 2 frame beam (8) and the No. 3 frame beam (22) on the front and rear sides of the main frame. The perforated acrylic plate (27) is equipped with a throwing port device C at the throwing port, which is aligned with the multi-angle throwing device (85). The bottom left side of the mine assembly is connected to the ore outlet (25). The longitudinal beam (4) is connected to the right end of the two long cross beams (2) at the front and rear. The two ends of the short cross beam (5) are connected to the middle of the longitudinal beam (4) and the No. 1 frame beam (7) at the top right side of the main frame. One end of the inclined beam (3) is connected to the middle of the No. 1 frame beam (7) at the top right side of the main frame, and the other end is connected to the end of the longitudinal beam (4). Frame columns (23) are set at the intersection of the right side longitudinal beam (4) and the right end of the long cross beam (2) of the main frame, and at the intersection of the left end of the No. 1 frame beam (7) at the top left side of the main frame and the left end of the long cross beam (2), which together form a supporting structure.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The locking device A includes a first rotating shaft (10), a first fixing plate (11), a hole locking plate (12), a bolt (13), a pad (14), and a nut (15); the first fixing plate (11) is fixedly connected to the left and right side plates of the first ore loading box (1), the hole locking plate (12) is L-shaped, one side of which is rotatably connected to the fixing plate (11) through the first rotating shaft (10); the other side passes through the bolt (13), the nut (15) is installed on one end of the bolt (13), the other end of the bolt (13) is fixedly connected to the pad (14), and the pad (14) is fixedly connected to the opening plate (16); The rotating device B includes a second rotating shaft (19), five central rotating heads (18), and two end rotating heads (17); wherein, the two end rotating heads (17) and two of the five central rotating heads (18) are respectively installed on the outside of the first C-shaped slot (24) to form a multi-directional constraint on the second rotating shaft (19); the remaining three central rotating heads (18) are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the opening plate (16); The throwing port device C includes an L-shaped slot (20) and an L-shaped insert (21); the L-shaped slot (20) is fixedly connected to the upper and lower edges of the throwing port of the perforated acrylic plate (27), forming a guide structure that allows the L-shaped insert (21) to slide and be inserted and removed laterally.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical throwing device (86) includes a load-bearing frame, a lifting mechanism, a counterweight assembly, and a first sliding positioning mechanism; The load-bearing frame includes a load-bearing crossbeam (43), a load-bearing longitudinal beam (44), and two first load-bearing columns (47); the load-bearing crossbeam (43) is connected to the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44) and arranged in an intersecting manner, and the two ends of the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44) are respectively fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding load-bearing column (47) to form a stable portal support structure. The lifting mechanism includes a hand crank device F, a load-bearing rope (45), two sets of first guide wheel devices D, two sets of second guide wheel devices J, and a central rotating wheel device E; the two sets of first guide wheel devices D are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44), the two sets of second guide wheel devices J are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the load-bearing cross beam (43), and the central rotating wheel device E is fixedly installed at the intersection of the load-bearing cross beam (43) and the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44); the hand crank device F is fixedly installed on the outside of the first load-bearing column (47); the load-bearing rope (45) passes through the hand crank device F, the first guide wheel device D, the central rotating wheel device E and the second guide wheel device J in sequence to form a closed loop, constituting a continuous force transmission path; The weight assembly includes two weights (34) and a guide plate (33); the two weights (34) are suspended below the load-bearing beam (43) by independent load-bearing ropes (45) passing through the load-bearing beam (43), and the guide plate (33) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the load-bearing beam (43), and a guide channel is formed inside to match the shape of the weights (34). The first sliding positioning mechanism includes a first pulley device H, a first guide rail (35), a locking device G, and a stop (46); the first pulley device H is installed at the bottom of each first load-bearing column (47); the first guide rail (35) is laid on the experimental site; the two ends of the locking device G are respectively connected to the lower outer edge of the first load-bearing column (47) and the experimental site; the stop (46) is fixedly set at both ends of the first guide rail (35) to limit the movement range of the vertical throwing device (86).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The first guide wheel device D and the second guide wheel device J both include a guide support plate, a third rotating shaft (28), a guide wheel (29), and a nut (15) in terms of structure. The guide wheel (29) is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the third rotating shaft (28). The two ends of the third rotating shaft (28) are rotatably supported between two parallel and spaced guide support plates, and axial positioning is achieved by tightening the nut (15). The load-bearing rope (45) is arranged in the circumferential groove of the guide wheel (29). The two sets of first guide wheel devices D have two first guide support plates (31) which are reinforced and fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44) by connecting plates (30). The two sets of second guide wheel devices J have two second guide support plates (32) which are fixedly installed at both ends of the load-bearing cross beam (43).

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The intermediate rotating wheel device E includes a fourth rotating shaft (41), a fixing plate (38), an intermediate rotating wheel (39), a support base (42), and ribs (40); the support base (42) is fixedly connected to the cross intersection of the load-bearing crossbeam (43) and the load-bearing longitudinal beam (44); the four ribs (40) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the support base (42); the fourth rotating shaft (41) is fixedly connected to the middle of the top surface of the support base (42); the two intermediate rotating wheels (39) are rotatably sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft (41); the fixing plate (38) is set at the top and bottom of the upper intermediate rotating wheel (39) and is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft (41).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The first pulley device H includes a T-beam (37), two ninth pivots (84), four pulleys (36) and four nuts (15); the T-beam (37) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first load-bearing column (47); the two ninth pivots (84) are respectively horizontally fixedly connected to the lower end of the T-beam (37); each pair of pulleys (36) is rotatably fitted onto the two ends of a ninth pivot (84); each pair of nuts (15) is tightened onto the two ends of the ninth pivot (84).

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating the blasting, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The hand crank device F includes a first rotating handle (48), a first rocker arm (49), a first rod head (50), a second fixed plate (52), a fifth rotating shaft (53), a winch (51), and a cover (54); two second fixed plates (52) are fixed to the first load-bearing column (47) at intervals; the two ends of the fifth rotating shaft (53) are rotatably supported on the two second fixed plates (52); the winch (51) is coaxially fixedly sleeved in the middle of the fifth rotating shaft (53) for winding or releasing the load-bearing rope (45); the first rotating handle (48) is fixedly connected to one end of the fifth rotating shaft (53); one end of the first rocker arm (49) is fixedly connected to the rotating handle (48), and the other end is connected to the first rod head (50); the cover (54) is fixedly installed on the other end of the fifth rotating shaft (53).

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The locking device (G) includes a locking rod (56), at least two capless pins (55), and a plurality of locking units arranged continuously along the first guide rail (35); each locking unit includes a base plate (58) and a set of pin plates (57) fixed thereon, each set of pin plates (57) is composed of two parallel spaced plates, and the slot formed therebetween is used to accommodate the locking rod (56); a locking unit is fixed to the lower outer side of each first load-bearing column (47), and the plurality of locking units distributed along the guide rail direction correspond to different locking positions.

10. The experimental apparatus for simulating the explosive impact, accumulation, and transport of loose mineral rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-angle throwing device (85) includes a second loading assembly M, a multi-angle adjustment assembly, a horizontal hammer assembly, and a second sliding positioning mechanism; The second ore loading assembly M includes a second ore loading box (65), a push plate (59), a second pulley device K, a top cover plate (64), a second C-shaped slot (88), a third C-shaped slot (89), a slide rail plate (62), and a square insert plate (63). The second ore loading box (65) is a box structure with openings in the front, back, and top directions, with its rear opening aligned with the experimental chamber device (87). Two slide rail plates (62) are fixedly installed in parallel on the left and right inner walls of the second ore loading box (65). The inner surfaces of the two slide rail plates (62) and the inner bottom surface of the second ore loading box (65) are smooth planes, forming a continuous guide rail surface for the push plate (59) to slide. Two second pulley devices K are installed on the bottom and left and right sides of the push plate (59), so that the push plate (59) is supported by the second pulley devices K on the inner surface of the slide rail plate (62) and the bottom surface of the second ore loading box (65), and can move along the continuous guide rail. The second ore loading box (65) contains... The side is provided with two second C-shaped slots (88) and two third C-shaped slots (89), of which the two third C-shaped slots (89) are fixedly connected to the top of the slide rail plate (62), and the other two second C-shaped slots (88) are simultaneously fixedly connected to the rear end of the slide rail plate (62) and the left and right inner side walls of the second ore loading box (65); multiple top cover plates (64) are detachably inserted into the third C-shaped slots (89) to close the top opening of the second ore loading box (65); square insert plates (6 3) It can be detachably inserted into the second C-shaped slot (88) to close the rear opening of the second ore box (65); wherein, the second pulley device K includes a sixth rotating shaft (60) and a rotating wheel (61), the sixth rotating shaft (60) is fixedly installed in the assembly slot opened on the push plate (59), the rotating wheel (61) is rotatably sleeved on the sixth rotating shaft (60), and the outer edge of the rotating wheel (61) forms rolling contact with the inner side of the slide rail plate (62) and the bottom surface of the second ore box (65); The multi-angle adjustment assembly includes four symmetrically arranged independent lifting units. Each lifting unit includes a telescopic column (68), a seventh rotating shaft (67), two third fixed plates (66), an eighth rotating shaft (69), a second rotating handle (70), a second rocker arm (71), and a second rod head (72). The two third fixed plates (66) are fixedly connected in parallel to the bottom surface of the second ore box (65), forming a slot between them. The top of the telescopic column (68) is inserted into the slot and is rotatably connected to the top of the telescopic column (68) and the two third fixed plates (66) through the seventh rotating shaft (67). A hinge structure is formed between the eight rotating shafts (69) and the telescopic column (68). The eighth rotating shaft (69) is horizontally inserted through the lower part of the telescopic column (68) and rotatably supported inside it. The second rotating handle (70) is fixedly connected to the extended end of the eighth rotating shaft (69). One end of the second rocker (71) is fixedly connected to the second rotating handle (70), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second rod head (72). The telescopic column (68) is a sleeve-type telescopic structure. It is equipped with a spiral lifting mechanism driven by the eighth rotating shaft (69) inside. The rotational motion of the eighth rotating shaft (69) is converted into the lifting motion of the top of the telescopic column (68) through the spiral lifting mechanism. The horizontal hammer assembly includes two parallel vertical second bearing columns (79), a load-bearing round rod (76), a rotating rod (77), and a horizontal hammer (78); the two ends of the load-bearing round rod (76) are respectively fixedly connected to the top ends of the two second bearing columns (79) to form a portal load-bearing structure; the top end of the rotating rod (77) is rotatably sleeved on the load-bearing round rod (76); the horizontal hammer (78) is connected to the bottom end of the rotating rod (77); The second sliding positioning mechanism includes a third pulley device (90) identical to the aforementioned first pulley device H, a second guide rail (81), a locking piece (80), a capped pin (82), a stop block (46), a perforated base plate (73), a U-shaped shaft (74), a bottom wheel (75), and a U-shaped brake pad (83); the perforated base plate (73) serves as an integrated support platform, and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic column (68) of the multi-angle adjustment device and the bottom of the second guide rail (81); the third pulley device (90) is installed at the bottom of each second load-bearing column (79); the perforated base plate (73) has multiple positioning holes symmetrically arranged on both sides along its length direction; the locking piece (80) is a plate-shaped structure with a central protrusion and two side extending wings, and its central protrusion is detachably spanned. Located on the top of the second guide rail (81), its two side extension wings are flat on the upper surface of the perforated base plate (73), and the locking piece (80) can slide along the length of the guide rail; the two side extension wings of the locking piece (80) are provided with through holes corresponding to the positioning holes on both sides of the perforated base plate (73), and the capped pin (82) passes through the through hole of the locking piece (80) and the positioning hole of the perforated base plate (73) in sequence to achieve locking; the stop block (46) is fixed at both ends of the second guide rail (81); the upper end of the U-shaped shaft (74) is fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom of the perforated base plate (73), and the lower end is equipped with a bottom wheel (75). When the whole device moves to the preset working position, the U-shaped brake pad (83) is sleeved on the contact surface of the bottom wheel (75) and the left and right sides of the U-shaped shaft (74).

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