An online monitoring system for ring main unit based on internet of things technology

Abstract

The application relates to the field of online monitoring technology of ring network cabinets, and discloses an online monitoring system of a ring network cabinet based on Internet of Things technology, characterized by comprising a ring network cabinet, a detection frame, a gear ring and a positioning disc; the side wall of the ring network cabinet is provided with the gear ring, the detection frame is arranged on the outer wall of the ring network cabinet and is provided with a sun gear at the inner end face, a planetary gear is arranged in mesh between the gear ring and the sun gear, a sampling disc is arranged at the end of the planetary gear, the positioning disc is located in the ring network cabinet and coaxial with the planetary gear, a plurality of supports are arranged on the side wall of the sampling disc, a supporting arm is slidably arranged in the middle of the support, a detection head is arranged at the end of the supporting arm, the detection head penetrates through the positioning disc and probes into the ring network cabinet, and a plurality of annular sliding rails are arranged on the inner side face of the sampling disc. The sampling disc simultaneously performs revolution and rotation movement through the planetary gear, the detection head realizes multi-directional movement of revolution coverage in the horizontal plane, rotation movement along the sliding rails and lifting and stretching in the radial direction of the cushion block, and thus multi-directional and multi-depth detection of the inside of the ring network cabinet is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of online monitoring technology for ring main units, and specifically to an online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Background Technology

[0002] A ring main unit (RMU) is an electrical device consisting of a set of power transmission and distribution equipment housed in a metal or non-metal insulated cabinet or assembled into a modular ring network power supply unit. It is mainly used in substations and prefabricated substations in load centers such as urban residential areas, high-rise buildings, large public buildings, and factories. The internal operating environment parameters of the RMU, such as temperature, humidity, and gas concentration, directly affect the safe and stable operation of the equipment. Therefore, real-time online monitoring of the internal environment of the RMU is necessary to promptly detect potential faults and ensure power supply safety.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, Chinese patent application CN202310316240.1 discloses a ring main unit capable of position monitoring. This ring main unit monitors the status of three-position switches by setting a viewing window and indicator lights on the cabinet. However, the monitoring method of this type of prior art is static fixed-point monitoring, which has a limited monitoring coverage. The monitoring equipment in this type of prior art is fixed in position and cannot be actively moved inside the ring main unit. It can only monitor specific fixed positions and cannot realize the detection of different spatial positions inside the ring main unit. The detection probes in this type of existing technology cannot move and scan in the horizontal plane, resulting in a single detection dimension. The relative position of the monitoring equipment and the cabinet is fixed, making it impossible to achieve radial extension and retraction of the detection head. Furthermore, the detection head is always at a fixed detection depth, making it difficult to penetrate deeper into the ring network cabinet to obtain environmental parameter information. This results in insufficient monitoring capability for deep areas inside the cabinet and an inability to meet the differentiated detection needs at different depths.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies suffer from limited monitoring coverage, single detection dimensions, and insufficient detection depth, making it difficult to meet the actual needs for comprehensive, three-dimensional, and efficient online monitoring of environmental parameters inside ring main units. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology to solve the aforementioned problems. This system uses planetary gears to cause the sampling disk to simultaneously revolve and rotate. Combined with the lifting of pads on the positioning disk's slide rail, the detection head can cover the annular detection area inside the ring main unit during its revolution and move along the slide rail to the pad position for deep detection during its rotation. This achieves multi-directional movement of the detection head, including horizontal revolution coverage, rotational movement along the slide rail, and radial lifting and extension. Thus, under the action of a single drive source, it enables multi-directional and multi-depth detection of the ring main unit's interior, obtaining richer and more comprehensive information on the internal environmental parameters of the ring main unit, as detailed below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an online monitoring system for a ring main unit based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, characterized in that it includes a ring main unit, a detection frame, a gear ring, and a positioning disk; the ring main unit has a gear ring on its side wall, the detection frame is mounted on the outer wall of the ring main unit and has a sun gear on its inner end face, planetary gears mesh between the gear ring and the sun gear, a sampling disk is provided at the end of the planetary gears, and the positioning disk is located inside the ring main unit and is coaxial with the planetary gears; The sampling tray has multiple supports on its side wall. Each support has a sliding arm in the middle, and a detection head is provided at the end of the arm. The detection head penetrates the positioning tray and extends into the ring network cabinet. The inner side of the sampling tray has multiple annular slide rails. Each slide rail has a through groove in the middle to accommodate the detection head. Each slide rail has two pads fixed in the middle, which are distributed around the through groove. The detection head moves along the slide rail and is lifted by the pads to penetrate deep into the ring network cabinet for detection.

[0007] The above-mentioned IoT-based online monitoring system for ring main units utilizes a motor output shaft to drive a sun gear to rotate during online monitoring of the ring main unit's interior. The sun gear, through meshing with planetary gears, drives the planetary gears to revolve around the sun gear. Simultaneously, the planetary gears rotate on their own axes under the constraint of meshing with a gear ring. This, in turn, drives a sampling disk to rotate around the sun gear, achieving the sampling disk's revolution within the ring main unit. This movement of the sampling disk, along with multiple detection heads, allows for the detection of different locations within the ring main unit. During the revolution of the sampling disk, it rotates synchronously under the influence of the planetary gears. Multiple supports on the sidewall of the sampling disk rotate with the disk, driving the support arms slidably positioned in the middle of the supports and the detection heads to move along the slide rails on the inner side of the positioning disk. When the detection head reaches the position of the pad in the middle of the slide rail, the washer in the middle of the support arm contacts the lifting surface of the pad, utilizing the pushing action of the pad on the washer. The detection head extends outward and into the ring main unit along the sliding direction of the support arm, thereby increasing the detection depth. When the detection head passes the descending surface of the pad, it retracts inward along the support arm under the elastic force of the spring, returning the detection head to its initial position. Since multiple sets of pads are staggered on the slide rail, multiple detection heads pass through pads at different positions in sequence during the rotation of the sampling disk, thereby realizing the sequential lifting and retraction of multiple detection heads. This avoids mutual interference caused by multiple detection heads performing deep detection at the same time, ensuring that each detection head works independently and orderly. Since the slide rails are concentrically set and the diameter increases from the inside to the outside, different detection heads correspond to slide rails with different radii, and each set of pads is located on slide rails with different radii. This makes the path length of the detection head passing through the pads different at different positions, and thus makes the dwell time of different detection heads at the deep detection position different, in order to adapt to the different detection time requirements of detection heads with different functions. During the rotation of the sun gear, the sun gear drives the coaxially fixed rocker arm to rotate. The rocker arm drives the end plate to rotate around the sun gear axis. The cleaning brush fixed on the inner wall of the support plate rotates with the support plate and intermittently sweeps across the surface of the positioning plate to clean the dust and impurities attached to the surface of the positioning plate, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the slide rail and through groove, and preventing impurities from affecting the movement of the detection head. The probe fixed on the outer wall of the support plate rotates with the rocker arm. Since the probe is located on the support plate at the end of the rocker arm, the probe has the largest rotation radius, which allows the probe to have a wider detection range inside the ring main unit, enabling large-scale scanning and detection inside the ring main unit. Combined with the deep detection of multiple detection heads on the sampling plate, multi-level online monitoring of the inside of the ring main unit can be achieved.

[0008] Preferably, a spring is sleeved in the middle section of the support, and a limiting plate is fixed at the end of the support to restrict the movement of the spring. A retaining sleeve is provided at the end of the support arm near the support, and the middle section of the support is located inside the retaining sleeve and is engaged with the retaining sleeve through the limiting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the inner wall of the ring main unit is provided with a positioning frame coaxial with the gear ring, the positioning disk is slidably disposed on the side wall of the positioning frame, multiple slide rails are concentric and their diameters increase sequentially from the inside to the outside, the through groove is adapted to the diameter of the slide rails and divides the positioning disk body, and a connecting frame connecting all the disk bodies is fixed on the side wall of the positioning disk.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting frame protrudes into the ring main unit, and multiple connecting arms with end-connecting positioning plates are fixed to the side wall of the connecting frame.

[0011] Preferably, the pads are arranged in groups of two, each group of pads is adapted to the slide rail, and multiple groups of pads are staggered. One end of the pad has an inclined lifting surface, and the other end of the pad has a lowering surface. The sampling disk rotates and drives the detection head to pass through the lifting surface, the lowering surface and the slide rail in sequence.

[0012] Preferably, a washer is fixed in the middle section of the support arm, and the side wall of the washer is curved to fit the pad block.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning frame is annular with a curved cross-section. The positioning frame has a convex section in the middle, and the sampling disk is guided by the positioning frame to fit the inner wall of the convex section. The positioning frame has a concave section on the side near the positioning disk, and the side wall of the concave section has a positioning groove. The side wall of the positioning disk has multiple positioning plates, and the positioning plates pass through the positioning groove and fit against the side wall of the positioning frame. The side wall of the positioning frame is clamped between the positioning plates and the positioning disk and guides the positioning disk.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling disk has a docking groove fixed to its side wall, and the positioning disk has a connector that is slidably connected to the docking groove in the middle section fixed to its side wall.

[0015] Preferably, the end of the testing frame is coaxially fixed with a rocker arm via a sun gear, and the end of the rocker arm is fixed with a support plate that extends laterally to the outer edge of the gear ring. The support plate is parallel to the positioning plate, and a cleaning brush is fixed to the inner side wall of the support plate. A probe with its end extending to the end of the support plate is fixed to the outer side wall of the support plate.

[0016] Preferably, a motor is fixed to the outer wall of the testing frame, the output shaft of the motor is fixed to the end of the sun gear, multiple heat dissipation holes are opened in the middle of the side wall of the ring network cabinet, and a cabinet door is provided on the front side of the ring network cabinet, with a handle in the middle of the cabinet door.

[0017] The beneficial effects are as follows: 1. This invention uses planetary gears to make the sampling disk rotate and revolve simultaneously, and combined with the lifting of the pad on the positioning disk slide rail, the detection head can cover the annular detection area inside the ring main unit during the revolution, and can move along the slide rail to the pad position to achieve deep detection during the rotation. This realizes the multi-directional movement of the detection head in the horizontal plane, the rotational movement along the slide rail, and the radial lifting and extension. Thus, under the action of a single drive source, it can realize multi-directional and multi-depth detection inside the ring main unit, and can obtain richer and more comprehensive environmental parameter information inside the ring main unit.

[0018] 2. By rotating the sun gear, the planetary gears simultaneously revolve and rotate under the meshing constraint of the gear ring, thereby driving the sampling disk to achieve a compound motion of revolution and rotation inside the ring network cabinet. This allows multiple detection heads on the sampling disk to perform detection at different positions inside the ring network cabinet, significantly expanding the detection coverage and improving the comprehensiveness of the internal status monitoring of the ring network cabinet. 3. By setting a pad on the slide rail of the positioning plate, the lifting surface of the pad pushes the washer at the end of the detection head, so that the detection head slides outward along the support arm and extends into the ring network cabinet, thereby realizing the deep detection function of the detection head. Compared with the traditional fixed depth detection method, it effectively increases the detection depth and can obtain environmental information of deeper positions inside the ring network cabinet. 4. By staggering multiple sets of pads along the circumference of the slide rail, multiple detection heads are lifted and detected sequentially by passing through pads at different positions during the rotation of the sampling disk, rather than being lifted simultaneously. This avoids the mutual interference caused by multiple detection heads performing deep-level detection at the same time, ensuring that each detection head can complete the detection work independently and in an orderly manner, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection data. 5. By setting multiple concentric slide rails with diameters increasing from the inside to the outside, the detection heads at different radial positions correspond to slide rails of different radii, and each group of pads is located on slide rails of different radii. This results in different path lengths for different detection heads through the pads, achieving differentiation in the dwell time of different detection heads at deep detection positions. This can adapt to the differentiated detection time requirements of different functional detection heads such as temperature, humidity, and gas concentration, improving the pertinence and adaptability of detection. 6. By setting a gently sloping lifting surface and a steeply sloping descending surface at both ends of the pad, the gentle slope of the lifting surface allows the detection head to rise slowly when it moves along the slide rail to the pad position, avoiding vibration caused by rapid lifting that would affect detection accuracy. The steep slope of the descending surface allows the detection head to quickly reset when it moves away from the pad, and the spring releases quickly to generate vibration, which can shake off dust and other contaminants attached to the detection head, realizing the self-cleaning function of the detection head and extending the service life of the detection head. 7. By fixing a rocker arm coaxially at the end of the sun gear and setting a support plate with a cleaning brush at the end of the rocker arm, the rotation of the sun gear drives the cleaning brush to intermittently sweep across the surface of the positioning plate, automatically removing dust and impurities attached to the surface of the positioning plate, especially the slide rail and through groove, ensuring the smooth movement path of the detection head, avoiding impurities from obstructing the extension or retraction of the detection head or scratching the detection head, eliminating the need for regular manual cleaning and reducing maintenance costs; 8. By fixing the probe on the outer wall of the support plate, since the support plate is located at the end of the rocker arm, the probe has the largest rotation radius and can obtain the largest scanning range inside the ring main unit. Combined with the deep positioning detection of multiple detection heads on the sampling plate, a multi-level monitoring mode combining large-area scanning and deep detection is formed, realizing three-dimensional monitoring of the environmental parameters inside the ring main unit. 9. By setting a docking groove on the side wall of the sampling plate and a sliding connector inserted into the docking groove on the side wall of the positioning plate, the sliding cooperation between the connector and the docking groove guides and limits the movement of the sampling plate relative to the positioning plate, ensuring that the slide rail on the sampling plate and the through groove on the positioning plate are accurately aligned, so that the detection head can pass through the through groove smoothly. At the same time, it avoids the support arm from being stressed due to the guide and positioning of the sampling plate by the support arm, thus ensuring the smooth sliding movement of the support arm. 10. By setting a positioning groove on the positioning frame and setting a positioning plate that penetrates the positioning groove on the side wall of the positioning disk, the positioning plate and the positioning groove are used to restrict the rotation of the positioning disk, while allowing the positioning disk to slide along the positioning frame to adjust its position. This ensures that the positioning disk can always maintain a parallel alignment with the sampling disk, ensuring the stability of the detection head's movement path and improving the structural stability of the detection system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed ring and positioning frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural disassembly diagram of the gear ring and positioning frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the positioning disk and rocker arm of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the positioning disk of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the washer of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rocker arm and washer of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the gear ring of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a partial structural disassembly diagram of the gear ring of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning disk of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning frame of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1. Ring main unit; 101. Ventilation vent; 102. Cabinet door; 103. Handle; 2. Detection frame; 201. Sun gear; 202. Motor; 3. Gear ring; 301. Planetary gear; 302. Sampling tray; 303. Connecting groove; 304. Support; 304a. Spring; 304b. Limiting plate; 305. Support arm; 305a. Washer; 306. Detection head; 307. Clamping sleeve; 4. Positioning frame; 401, outward protruding section; 402, inward concave section; 403, positioning groove; 5, positioning plate; 501, connector; 502, positioning plate; 503, connecting frame; 503a, connecting arm; 504, slide rail; 504a, through groove; 505, pad; 505a, lifting surface; 505b, lowering surface; 6, rocker arm; 601, support plate; 601a, cleaning brush; 602, probe. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this invention, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "lateral," "longitudinal," and "center," are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and connections between components in a specific state (as shown in the accompanying drawings). They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0026] See Figures 1-14 As shown, this invention provides an online monitoring system for a ring main unit based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, including a ring main unit 1, a detection frame 2, a gear ring 3, and a positioning disk 5; the gear ring 3 is fixed to the side wall of the ring main unit 1. The detection frame 2 is installed on the outer wall of the ring main unit 1, and its inner end face facing the inside of the ring main unit 1 is provided with a sun gear 201 via a bearing. A planetary gear 301 meshes between the sun gear 201 and the gear ring 3. The axle of the planetary gear 301 is fixed to the detection frame 2, and the planetary gear 301 can rotate around its own axis. A sampling disk 302 is fixed to the end of the planetary gear 301 facing the inside of the ring main unit 1 (see details). Figure 4 , Figure 10 When the planetary gear 301 rotates, it drives the sampling disk 302 to rotate synchronously. The positioning disk 5 is located inside the ring network cabinet 1, and its disk surface is coaxial with the rotation axis of the planetary gear 301.

[0027] The sidewall of the sampling disk 302 is fixed with multiple supports 304 evenly distributed along its circumference (see details). Figure 11 The support 304 has a support arm 305 that slides radially through the sampling disk 302 in the middle. A detection head 306 is fixed to the end of the support arm 305 facing the inside of the ring network cabinet 1. When the support arm 305 slides, it drives the detection head 306 to move radially along the sampling disk 302. The detection head 306 penetrates the positioning disk 5 and extends into the internal cavity of the ring network cabinet 1. Multiple annular slide rails 504, concentric with the sampling disk 302, are provided on the inner side of the sampling disk 302 facing the positioning disk 5. A through groove 504a is provided on the positioning disk 5 corresponding to the position of each annular slide rail 504 (see details). Figure 12 The through slot 504a is used to accommodate the detection head 306 passing through. Two pads 505, symmetrically distributed around the corresponding through slot 504a, are fixed in the middle of each slide rail 504 (see details). Figures 7-8 The detection head 306 can move along the slide rail 504. When the detection head 306 moves to the position of the pad 505, its bottom is pushed by the pad 505, causing the detection head 306 to slide outward along the support arm 305 and go deeper into the ring main unit 1 to complete the deep detection. After the detection head 306 moves away from the pad 505, it slides inward along the support arm 305 and returns to the initial position under the action of the reset spring 304a.

[0028] As an optional implementation, a spring 304a is sleeved in the middle section of the support 304 (see details). Figure 11 A limiting plate 304b is fixed to the other end of the limiting spring 304a near the outer edge of the sampling disk 302 at the end of the support 304 to limit the axial movement of the spring 304a along the support 304. A retaining sleeve 307 with an opening facing the support 304 is provided at the end of the support arm 305 near the support 304. When the support arm 305 slides towards the support 304, the middle section of the support 304 is inserted into the retaining sleeve 307. The opening diameter of the retaining sleeve 307 is smaller than the outer diameter of the limiting plate 304b. When the support arm 305 slides, the limiting plate 304b slides inside the retaining sleeve 307. At this time, the middle section of the support 304 is located inside the retaining sleeve 307, and one end of the spring 304a abuts against the inner wall of the retaining sleeve 307, compressing the spring 304a. Between the limiting plate 304b and the inner wall of the clamping cylinder 307, the elastic force of the spring 304a acts on the support arm 305 through the clamping cylinder 307, providing a restoring force to retract the support arm 305 and the detection head 306 inward. When the detection head 306 moves along the slide rail 504 to the position of the pad 505 and is lifted, the detection head 306 drives the support arm 305 to slide outward against the elastic force of the spring 304a. The spring 304a is further compressed and stored energy, and the detection head 306 can fit against the pad 505. When the detection head 306 moves away from the pad 505, the compressed spring 304a releases its elastic force, pushing the clamping cylinder 307 and the support arm 305 fixed thereto to slide inward, thereby driving the detection head 306 to retract to the initial position.

[0029] A ring-shaped positioning frame 4, coaxial with the gear ring 3, is fixed to the inner wall of the ring main unit 1. The positioning disk 5 is attached to the side wall of the positioning frame 4 through multiple sliding parts on its side wall, so that the positioning disk 5 can slide along the side wall of the positioning frame 4 while ensuring that it does not rotate. Multiple slide rails 504 are provided on the positioning disk 5 and are concentric with the positioning disk 5. The diameter of the slide rails 504 increases from the inside to the outside to accommodate the movement path of the detection head 306 at different radial positions. The width of the through groove 504a is adapted to the diameter of the corresponding slide rail 504. The through groove 504a completely penetrates the positioning disk 5 body radially, thereby dividing the complete positioning disk 5 body into multiple concentric ring disks. To maintain the structural connection of each ring disk, a connecting frame 503 connecting all the ring disks is fixed to the side wall of the positioning disk 5 facing the outside of the ring main unit 1 (see details). Figure 7 The connecting frame 503 protrudes inward toward the interior of the ring network cabinet 1 to provide space for the inward extension of the detection head 306. Multiple connecting arms 503a are fixed radially on the side wall of the connecting frame 503, and the end of each connecting arm 503a is fixedly connected to a corresponding annular disc. The pads 505 are arranged in pairs, with each pair of pads 505 fixed to the middle sides of the corresponding slide rail 504. Multiple pairs of pads 505 are staggered along the circumference of their respective slide rails 504, rather than aligned. The end of each pad 505 closest to the side facing the direction of rotation of the sampling disk 302 has a gently sloping lifting surface 505a (see details). Figure 8 When the detection head 306 rotates with the sampling disk 302 and moves along the slide rail 504 to the position of the pad 505, the washer 305a in the middle section of the support arm 305 first contacts the lifting surface 505a of the pad 505. As the sampling disk 302 continues to rotate, the arc surface of the washer 305a slides slowly along the gently sloping lifting surface 505a to avoid rapid lifting causing vibration of the detection head 306 and affecting the detection. The lifting surface 505a of the pad 505 generates an upward pushing force on the washer 305a. This pushing force is transmitted to the detection head 306 through the washer 305a and the support arm 305, overcoming the elastic force of the spring 304a and forcing the detection head 306 to slide outward along the support arm 305. The other end of the pad 505 has a steeply sloped descending surface 505b. When the detection head 306 has finished extending and needs to be reset, the sampling disk 302 drives the detection head 306 to continue rotating, so that its washer 305a quickly transitions from the top of the pad 505 through the descending surface 505b into the slide rail 504. At the same time, the spring 304a contracts, causing the support arm 305 to quickly reset and generate vibration. This vibration cleans the dust and other contaminants that the detection head 306 may have been contaminated. The compressed spring 304a releases its elasticity, pushing the support arm 305 and the washer 305a to move inward. The arc surface of the washer 305a slides down along the descending surface 505b, thereby guiding the detection head 306 to retract. The sampling tray 302 has a docking groove 303 fixed radially on its side wall (see details). Figure 10The positioning plate 5 has a corresponding connector 501 fixed on its side wall (see details). Figure 12 The middle section of the connector 501 is slidably inserted into a corresponding docking groove 303. When the sampling disk 302 is driven by the planetary gear 301 to perform a combined rotation and revolution motion, the sampling disk 302 drives the docking groove 303 on it to move. The inner wall of the docking groove 303 contacts and slides with the side of the middle section of the connector 501. By utilizing the sliding cooperation between the connector 501 and the docking groove 303, the movement of the sampling disk 302 relative to the positioning disk 5 in the rotation plane is guided and limited, ensuring that the slide rail 504 on the sampling disk 302 and the through groove 504a on the positioning disk 5 are accurately aligned, so that the detection head 306 can pass smoothly through the through groove 504a. At the same time, it avoids the alignment of the sampling disk 302 and the positioning disk 5 through components such as the support arm 305, ensuring that the support arm 305 is not subjected to force.

[0030] The positioning frame 4 has a ring structure with a curved cross-section. The ring of the positioning frame 4 has an outwardly protruding section 401 in the middle (see details). Figure 14 The outer edge of the sampling disk 302 is located within the annular space of the inner wall of the convex section 401. When the sampling disk 302 rotates, its outer edge rolls or slides along the inner wall of the convex section 401 as the planetary gear 301 revolves and rotates. The inner wall of the convex section 401 constrains and guides the radial movement of the sampling disk 302, ensuring that the movement trajectory of the sampling disk 302 is concentric with the gear ring 3. The positioning frame 4 has an inwardly recessed section 402 on the side near the positioning disk 5. The side wall of the recessed section 402 has an annular positioning groove 403 along the circumferential direction. Multiple positioning plates 502 are fixed to the side wall of the positioning disk 5 (see details). Figure 5 During installation, the positioning plate 502 passes through and penetrates the positioning groove 403, so that the end of the positioning plate 502 is located on the other side of the positioning frame 4. The plate body of the positioning plate 502 slides and engages with the groove wall of the positioning groove 403. The positioning plate 502 restricts the rotation of the positioning disk 5. The side wall of the positioning plate 502 contacts the side of the concave section 402 of the positioning frame 4, while the body of the positioning disk 5 is attached to the opposite side of the positioning frame 4. At this time, the side wall of the positioning frame 4 is clamped between the outwardly acting positioning plate 502 and the inwardly acting positioning disk 5 body. When the position of the positioning disk 5 needs to be adjusted, force is applied to the positioning disk 5 along the axial direction of the positioning frame 4. The positioning disk 5 slides in the positioning groove 403 through its positioning plate 502. The groove wall of the positioning groove 403 guides the sliding of the positioning plate 502, thereby ensuring the stable movement of the positioning disk 5 along the positioning frame 4 and always maintaining its parallel alignment with the sampling disk 302 without rotating. The rotation of the sampling disk 302 allows the detection head 306 to pass through different areas of the positioning disk 5 in sequence.

[0031] A rocker arm 6 is fixed coaxially to the end of the testing frame 2 and the axis of rotation of the sun gear 201. When the sun gear 201 rotates, it drives the rocker arm 6 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the sun gear 201. A support plate 601 is fixed to the end of the rocker arm 6 away from the sun gear 201. The support plate 601 extends laterally, and its end extends beyond the outer edge of the gear ring 3. The surface of the support plate 601 is parallel to the surface of the positioning disk 5. A cleaning brush 601a is fixed to the inner wall of the support plate 601 facing the positioning disk 5. When the rocker arm 6 drives the support plate 601 to rotate, the cleaning brush 601a is cleaned. The cleaning brush 601a revolves around the axis of the sun gear 201 along with the support plate 601. The bristles of the cleaning brush 601a intermittently sweep across the surface of the positioning disk 5. When the cleaning brush 601a sweeps across the surface of the positioning disk 5, the bristles rub against the disk surface, thereby cleaning and removing dust and impurities attached to the surface of the positioning disk 5, especially in the slide rail 504 and the through groove 504a, ensuring the smooth movement path of the detection head 306 and preventing impurities from obstructing the extension or retraction of the detection head 306 or scratching the detection head 306. A probe 602 is fixed to the outer wall of the support plate 601 away from the positioning disk 5. The sensing end of the probe 602 faces the inside of the ring main unit 1, and its end extends to a position close to the end of the support plate 601. Since the support plate 601 is fixed to the end of the rocker arm 6, when the probe 602 rotates with the support plate 601, the radius of its motion trajectory is close to the length of the rocker arm 6, thereby obtaining a scanning radius close to the maximum inside the ring main unit 1. When the rocker arm 6 rotates, it drives the probe 602 to move along a circular path centered on the sun wheel 201. During its movement, the probe 602 scans and detects the corresponding area inside the ring main unit 1. When the sun wheel 201 continues to rotate, the probe 602 performs uninterrupted circular motion with the rocker arm 6 and the support plate 601, thereby realizing a large-scale and continuous environmental parameter scanning and monitoring of the internal space of the ring main unit 1. This monitoring, combined with the deep detection performed by multiple detection heads 306 on the sampling disk 302, constitutes a multi-layer monitoring coverage.

[0032] A motor 202 is fixed to the outer wall of the detection frame 2 via a mounting base. The output shaft of the motor 202 passes through the housing of the detection frame 2 and is connected and fixed to the end of the shaft of the sun gear 201 via a coupling. When the motor 202 starts, its output shaft directly drives the sun gear 201 to rotate around its own axis. When the sun gear 201 rotates, on the one hand, through the meshing of its teeth with the planet gears 301, it drives the planet gears 301 to revolve around the sun gear 201 and rotate on their own axis constrained by the gear ring 3. On the other hand, through the coaxially fixed rocker arm 6, it drives the support plate 601 and the cleaning brush 601a on it to rotate synchronously with the probe 602. Multiple evenly distributed heat dissipation holes 101 are provided in the middle area of ​​the side wall of the ring main unit 1. The heat dissipation holes 101 connect the internal cavity of the ring main unit 1 with the external environment. When the equipment inside the cabinet generates heat during operation, the internal hot air is discharged through the heat dissipation holes 101 by convection, and external cold air can also be introduced through the heat dissipation holes 101 to form an air circulation, which helps to reduce the internal working temperature of the ring main unit 1. A cabinet door 102 is hinged at the front opening of the ring main unit 1. The cabinet door 102 is used to close or open the passage for inspection and maintenance of the inside of the ring main unit 1. A handle 103 is fixed in the middle of the outward-facing panel of the cabinet door 102. Applying force to the handle 103 can pull the cabinet door 102 to rotate around its hinge, thereby opening or closing the cabinet door 102.

[0033] Using the above structure, when performing online monitoring inside the ring main unit 1, the output shaft of the motor 202 drives the sun gear 201 to rotate. The sun gear 201, through meshing with the planet gears 301, drives the planet gears 301 to revolve around the sun gear 201. Simultaneously, the planet gears 301 rotate on their own axis under the constraint of meshing with the gear ring 3. This, in turn, drives the sampling disk 302 to rotate around the sun gear 201, thus achieving the revolution motion of the sampling disk 302 inside the ring main unit 1. This causes the sampling disk 302 to drive multiple detection heads 306 to move inside the ring main unit 1, thereby monitoring the internal components of the ring main unit 1. During the revolution of the sampling disk 302, the sampling disk 302 rotates synchronously under the action of the planetary gear 301. Multiple supports 304 on the sidewall of the sampling disk 302 rotate with the sampling disk 302, driving the support arm 305 slidably disposed in the middle of the support 304 and the detection head 306 to move along the slide rail 504 on the inner side of the positioning disk 5. When the detection head 306 moves to the position of the pad 505 in the middle of the slide rail 504, the washer 305a in the middle of the support arm 305 contacts the lifting surface 505a of the pad 505, utilizing the pad 505 to lift the washer 305a. The pushing action causes the detection head 306 to extend outward and penetrate deeper into the ring main unit 1 along the sliding direction of the support arm 305, thereby increasing the detection depth of the detection head 306. When the detection head 306 passes the descending surface 505b of the pad 505, the detection head 306 retracts inward along the support arm 305 under the elastic force of the spring 304a, returning the detection head 306 to its initial position. Since multiple sets of pads 505 are staggered on the slide rail 504, during the rotation of the sampling disk 302, multiple detection heads 306 pass through pads 505 at different positions in sequence, thereby realizing the sequential lifting and detection of multiple detection heads 306. The measurement and retraction reset prevents multiple detection heads 306 from interfering with each other during deep detection, ensuring that each detection head 306 works independently and orderly. Since the slide rails 504 are concentrically arranged and their diameters increase from the inside to the outside, different detection heads 306 correspond to slide rails 504 with different radii, and each set of pads 505 is located on slide rails 504 with different radii. This results in different path lengths for detection heads 306 at different positions through pads 505, and thus different dwell times for different detection heads 306 at the deep detection position, in order to adapt to the different detection time requirements of detection heads 306 with different functions. During the rotation of the sun gear 201, the sun gear 201 drives the coaxially fixed rocker arm 6 to rotate. The rocker arm 6 drives the end support plate 601 to rotate around the axis of the sun gear 201. The cleaning brush 601a fixed on the inner wall of the support plate 601 rotates with the support plate 601 and intermittently sweeps across the surface of the positioning disk 5 to clean the dust and impurities attached to the surface of the positioning disk 5, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the slide rail 504 and the through groove 504a, and preventing impurities from affecting the movement of the detection head 306. The probe 602 fixed on the outer wall of the support plate 601 rotates with the rocker arm 6. Since the probe 602 is located on the support plate 601 at the end of the rocker arm 6, the probe 602 has the largest rotation radius, which allows the probe 602 to have a wider detection range inside the ring network cabinet 1, so as to perform large-scale scanning detection inside the ring network cabinet 1. Combined with the deep detection of multiple detection heads 306 on the sampling disk 302, multi-level online monitoring of the inside of the ring network cabinet 1 can be realized. The planetary gear 301 causes the sampling disk 302 to simultaneously revolve and rotate. Combined with the lifting of the pad 505 on the slide rail 504 of the positioning disk 5, the detection head 306 can cover the annular detection area inside the ring main unit 1 during its revolution. During its rotation, it can move along the slide rail 504 to the position of the pad 505 to achieve deep detection. This realizes the multi-directional movement of the detection head 306, including its revolution coverage in the horizontal plane, its rotational movement along the slide rail 504, and its radial lifting and extension. Thus, under the action of a single drive source, it can achieve multi-directional and multi-depth detection inside the ring main unit 1, and obtain richer and more comprehensive environmental parameter information inside the ring main unit 1. The rotation of the sun gear 201 causes the planet gear 301 to simultaneously revolve and rotate under the meshing constraint of the gear ring 3. This, in turn, drives the sampling disk 302 to achieve a compound motion of revolve and rotation inside the ring network cabinet 1. This allows multiple detection heads 306 on the sampling disk 302 to perform detection at different positions inside the ring network cabinet 1, significantly expanding the detection coverage and improving the comprehensiveness of the internal status monitoring of the ring network cabinet 1. By setting a pad 505 on the slide rail 504 of the positioning plate 5, the lifting surface 505a of the pad 505 pushes the washer 305a at the end of the detection head 306, causing the detection head 306 to slide outward along the support arm 305 and penetrate into the ring main unit 1, thereby realizing the deep detection function of the detection head 306. Compared with the traditional fixed-depth detection method, the detection depth is effectively increased, and environmental information at deeper locations inside the ring main unit 1 can be obtained. By staggering multiple sets of pads 505 on the circumference of the slide rail 504, multiple detection heads 306 are lifted and detected sequentially by passing through pads 505 at different positions during the rotation of the sampling disk 302, rather than being lifted simultaneously. This avoids the mutual interference problem caused by multiple detection heads 306 performing deep detection at the same time, ensuring that each detection head 306 can complete the detection work independently and in an orderly manner, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection data. By setting multiple concentric slide rails 504 with diameters increasing from the inside to the outside, the detection heads 306 at different radial positions correspond to slide rails 504 with different radii, and each set of pads 505 is located on slide rails 504 with different radii. This results in different path lengths for different detection heads 306 through pads 505, achieving differentiation in the dwell time of different detection heads 306 at deep detection positions. This can adapt to the differentiated detection time requirements of different functional detection heads 306 for temperature, humidity, gas concentration, etc., and improve the pertinence and adaptability of detection. By setting a gently sloping lifting surface 505a and a steeply sloping descending surface 505b at both ends of the pad 505, the gentle slope of the lifting surface 505a allows the detection head 306 to slowly rise when it moves along the slide rail 504 to the position of the pad 505, avoiding vibration caused by rapid lifting that would affect detection accuracy. The steep slope of the descending surface 505b allows the detection head 306 to quickly reset when it moves away from the pad 505, and the spring 304a releases quickly to generate vibration, which can shake off dust and other contaminants attached to the detection head 306, realizing the self-cleaning function of the detection head 306 and extending the service life of the detection head 306. By coaxially fixing the rocker arm 6 at the end of the sun gear 201 and setting the support plate 601 with a cleaning brush 601a at the end of the rocker arm 6, the rotation of the sun gear 201 drives the cleaning brush 601a to intermittently sweep across the surface of the positioning disk 5, automatically removing dust and impurities attached to the surface of the positioning disk 5, especially in the slide rail 504 and through groove 504a, ensuring the smooth movement path of the detection head 306, and preventing impurities from obstructing the extension, retraction or scratching of the detection head 306. No manual cleaning is required, reducing maintenance costs. By fixing the probe 602 to the outer wall of the support plate 601, since the support plate 601 is located at the end of the rocker arm 6, the probe 602 has the largest rotation radius and can obtain the largest scanning range inside the ring network cabinet 1. Combined with the deep positioning detection of multiple detection heads 306 on the sampling plate 302, a multi-level monitoring mode combining large-area scanning and deep detection is formed, realizing three-dimensional monitoring of the environmental parameters inside the ring network cabinet 1. By setting a docking groove 303 on the side wall of the sampling plate 302 and a connector 501 that is slidably inserted into the docking groove 303 on the side wall of the positioning plate 5, the sliding cooperation between the connector 501 and the docking groove 303 guides and limits the movement of the sampling plate 302 relative to the positioning plate 5, ensuring that the slide rail 504 on the sampling plate 302 and the through groove 504a on the positioning plate 5 are accurately aligned, so that the detection head 306 can pass smoothly through the through groove 504a. At the same time, it avoids the support arm 305 from being stressed due to guiding and positioning the sampling plate 302 through the support arm 305, thus ensuring the smooth sliding movement of the support arm 305. By setting a positioning groove 403 on the positioning frame 4 and a positioning plate 502 that penetrates the positioning groove 403 on the side wall of the positioning disk 5, the sliding fit between the positioning plate 502 and the positioning groove 403 restricts the rotation of the positioning disk 5, while allowing the positioning disk 5 to slide and adjust its position along the positioning frame 4. This ensures that the positioning disk 5 can always maintain a parallel alignment with the sampling disk 302, ensuring the stability of the movement path of the detection head 306 and improving the structural stability of the detection system.

[0034] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, characterized in that: The device includes a ring main unit (1), a testing frame (2), a gear ring (3), and a positioning disk (5); the ring main unit (1) has a gear ring (3) on its side wall, the testing frame (2) is located on the outer wall of the ring main unit (1) and has a sun gear (201) on its inner end face, a planet gear (301) meshes between the gear ring (3) and the sun gear (201), a sampling disk (302) is provided at the end of the planet gear (301), and the positioning disk (5) is located inside the ring main unit (1) and is coaxial with the planet gear (301); The sampling tray (302) has multiple supports (304) on its side wall. A support arm (305) is slidably provided in the middle of the support (304). A detection head (306) is provided at the end of the support arm (305). The detection head (306) penetrates the positioning tray (5) and enters the ring network cabinet (1). Multiple annular slide rails (504) are provided on the inner side of the sampling tray (302). A through groove (504a) is provided in the middle of the slide rail (504) to accommodate the detection head (306). Two pads (505) are fixed in the middle of each slide rail (504) and are distributed around the through groove (504a). The detection head (306) moves along the slide rail (504) and is lifted by the pads (505) to penetrate into the ring network cabinet (1) for detection.

2. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring (304a) is sleeved in the middle section of the support (304), and a limiting plate (304b) is fixed at the end of the support (304) to restrict the movement of the spring (304a). A retaining sleeve (307) is provided at the end of the support arm (305) near the support (304). The middle section of the support (304) is located inside the retaining sleeve (307) and is engaged with the retaining sleeve (307) through the limiting plate (304b).

3. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the ring main unit (1) is provided with a positioning frame (4) coaxial with the toothed ring (3). The positioning disk (5) is slidably disposed on the side wall of the positioning frame (4). Multiple slide rails (504) are concentric and their diameters increase sequentially from the inside to the outside. The through groove (504a) is adapted to the diameter of the slide rail (504) and divides the disk body of the positioning disk (5). The side wall of the positioning disk (5) is fixed with a connecting frame (503) that connects all the disk bodies.

4. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting frame (503) protrudes into the ring network cabinet (1), and multiple connecting arms (503a) with end-connecting positioning discs (5) are fixed on the side wall of the connecting frame (503).

5. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pads (505) are arranged in pairs, each pair of pads (505) is adapted to the slide rail (504), and multiple pairs of pads (505) are staggered. One end of the pad (505) has an inclined lifting surface (505a), and the other end of the pad (505) has a lowering surface (505b). The sampling disk (302) rotates and drives the detection head (306) to pass through the lifting surface (505a), the lowering surface (505b) and the slide rail (504) in sequence.

6. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: A washer (305a) is fixed in the middle section of the support arm (305), and the side wall of the washer (305a) is arc-shaped to fit the pad block (505).

7. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning frame (4) is annular and its cross-section is curved. The positioning frame (4) has an outward protrusion section (401) in the middle. The sampling disk (302) is guided by the positioning frame (4) to fit against the inner wall of the outward protrusion section (401). The positioning frame (4) has an inward concave section (402) on the side near the positioning disk (5). The side wall of the inward concave section (402) has a positioning groove (403). The side wall of the positioning disk (5) has multiple positioning plates (502). The positioning plates (502) pass through the positioning groove (403) and fit against the side wall of the positioning frame (4). The side wall of the positioning frame (4) is clamped between the positioning plates (502) and the positioning disk (5) and guides the positioning disk (5).

8. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling disk (302) has a docking groove (303) fixed on its side wall, and the positioning disk (5) has a connector (501) that is slidably connected to the docking groove (303) in the middle section fixed on its side wall.

9. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the testing frame (2) is coaxially fixed with a rocker arm (6) via a sun gear (201). The end of the rocker arm (6) is fixed with a support plate (601) that extends laterally to the outer edge of the gear ring (3). The support plate (601) is parallel to the positioning disk (5). A cleaning brush (601a) is fixed on the inner side wall of the support plate (601), and a probe (602) whose end extends to the end of the support plate (601) is fixed on the outer side wall of the support plate (601).

10. The online monitoring system for ring main units based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer wall of the testing frame (2) is fixed with a motor (202), the output shaft of the motor (202) is fixed to the end of the sun gear (201), the middle of the side wall of the ring network cabinet (1) is provided with multiple heat dissipation holes (101), and the front side of the ring network cabinet (1) is provided with a cabinet door (102), and the middle of the cabinet door (102) is provided with a handle (103).

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