A facility agriculture temperature and humidity regulation teaching and training device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural teaching, and discloses a facility agriculture temperature and humidity regulation teaching practical training device, which comprises a teaching practical training greenhouse cabin, a central electrical control cabinet and a practical training interactive terminal, the greenhouse cabin is enclosed by a metal frame and a transparent PC durable plate, and is provided with a three-dimensional space adjustable sensor arrangement structure; the structure comprises four groups of symmetrically distributed double-mode lifting mechanisms, two groups of orthogonal horizontal guide rails, a universal adjusting assembly and a flexible sensor card seat, the double-mode lifting mechanism is composed of an electric lifting group and a manual lifting group which are connected through active transmission, and can realize flexible adjustment of the temperature and humidity sensor in three-dimensional space; the present application solves the problems of fixed and rigid sensor of the existing practical training device and poor teaching adaptability, realizes low-level basic practical teaching through manual mode, meets high-level intelligent agricultural practical training demand through electric mode, can truly restore the difference of temperature and humidity space distribution of the facility greenhouse, strengthens the practical ability of the trainees, and efficiently connects theoretical teaching and field operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural teaching technology, specifically to a teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture. Background Technology

[0002] Facility agriculture, as a core model of intensive and efficient production in modern agriculture, breaks through the limitations of natural climate by artificially controlling parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation in enclosed cultivation environments like greenhouses and polytunnels. This enables off-season planting of crops with high quality and yield, and is a key support for the current transformation of agricultural modernization and the development of smart agriculture. Temperature and humidity, as core environmental factors affecting the growth and development of facility crops, directly determine the efficiency of photosynthesis, water metabolism, the probability of pests and diseases, and the final yield and quality. Precise temperature and humidity monitoring and dynamic control technology is a core skill in facility agriculture production management. With the advancement of modern agricultural vocational education, agricultural technology extension training, and practical training in agricultural majors in universities, there is an urgent need for dedicated temperature and humidity control teaching and training devices. These devices will help trainees quickly master practical skills such as the logic of facility agriculture environmental monitoring, sensor deployment specifications, setting control parameters, and troubleshooting. This will bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and field practice, meeting the urgent need for training skilled personnel in modern agricultural technology.

[0003] Existing temperature and humidity control teaching and training devices for facility agriculture commonly used in the market and in colleges and universities generally suffer from core design flaws and are severely lacking in optimization to specifically adapt to practical teaching scenarios. The core problem is that the sensor deployment is completely fixed, completely lacking adaptability to real production scenarios. The temperature and humidity sensors in existing devices are all installed with single-point fixed installation or rigid installation at a few pre-set fixed points. Once the sensor position is installed, it cannot be flexibly adjusted. It can only realize the collection of temperature and humidity data at a single fixed location within the device, and cannot simulate the complex spatial monitoring needs of real facility greenhouses. In actual production, there are significant differences in canopy temperature and humidity for crops of different heights, temperature and humidity differences between the top and side walls of the greenhouse, and microenvironmental temperature and humidity distribution between crop rows and plants. The sensors need to be flexibly adjusted in deployment height and spatial orientation according to crop variety, growth cycle, and cultivation density. However, the existing fixed deployment mode completely severs the connection between training and real production. Meanwhile, this deficiency directly leads to a significant reduction in the effectiveness of practical training. During the training, trainees can only passively read static temperature and humidity data from a single fixed point. They are unable to independently conduct sensor deployment operations at different heights, orientations, and cultivation scenarios. They cannot understand the core logic and practical methods of sensor point selection and layout optimization in real greenhouses, nor can they grasp the impact of spatial temperature and humidity differences on control strategies. The training content is divorced from actual production, and trainees' hands-on skills and adaptability to different scenarios are not effectively developed. The practicality and relevance of the training are seriously insufficient. Therefore, we have proposed a teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture, which solves the aforementioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture, comprising a teaching and training greenhouse chamber and a central electrical control cabinet, wherein the teaching and training greenhouse chamber is fixedly installed on the central electrical control cabinet, and a training interactive terminal electrically connected thereto is fixedly installed on one side of the central electrical control cabinet; the teaching and training greenhouse chamber is composed of a rectangular three-dimensional hollow metal frame enclosed by a transparent PC endurance board, and further includes: A three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure is set within a metal frame and includes a dual-mode lifting structure, two horizontal rails, multiple horizontal sliders, multiple horizontal rails, multiple horizontal sliders, a universal ball joint damping connecting shaft, and a sensor mounting structure. The dual-mode lifting structure comprises four groups symmetrically distributed at the four corners on both sides of the metal frame. The dual-mode lifting structure consists of an electric lifting group and a manual lifting group, which are connected by an active transmission mechanism. The manual lifting group includes a lifting block that can freely move along the height direction of the metal frame. One horizontal rail is fixedly connected between two symmetrically distributed lifting blocks on both sides, and the horizontal rail is parallel to the length direction of the metal frame. Multiple horizontal sliding blocks are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail. Multiple horizontal rails are fixedly connected between two symmetrically distributed horizontal sliding blocks on both sides, and the horizontal rails are parallel to the width direction of the metal frame. Multiple horizontal sliding blocks are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail. A universal ball joint damping connecting shaft is fixedly installed at the bottom of each horizontal sliding block. The degrees of freedom of the universal ball joint damping connecting shaft are all provided with sensor bracket structures. Multiple temperature and humidity sensors are detachably assembled in each sensor card holder structure and electrically connected to the central electrical control cabinet.

[0006] Preferably, the dual-mode lifting structure further includes a scale indicator structure for determining the height of the temperature and humidity sensor; A scale indicator structure and a positioning structure are provided between the horizontal rail one and the horizontal slider one, as well as between the horizontal rail two and the horizontal slider two. The positioning structure is used to fix the horizontal slider one and the horizontal slider two after they slide, and the scale indicator structure two is used to determine the specific position of each temperature and humidity sensor on the two-dimensional horizontal plane.

[0007] Preferably, the number of horizontal sliding blocks 1 on each horizontal rail 1 is not less than two, and the number of horizontal sliding blocks 2 on each horizontal rail 2 is not less than two.

[0008] Preferably, the electric lifting group in the dual-mode lifting structure includes a limiting vertical plate, a vertical lead screw, a second lifting block, and a stepper motor. The top frame of the metal frame is fixedly installed with horizontal base blocks at the four corners. Each base block has two limiting vertical plates fixedly installed on its bottom outer wall. The two limiting vertical plates are perpendicular to the base blocks and symmetrically distributed. A vertical track cavity is formed between the two sets of limiting vertical plates. Each of the base blocks has a vertical screw rod rotatably installed on its bottom outer wall. The vertical screw rod is located at the center of the track cavity. The vertical screw rod is at the same height as the limiting vertical plate. Lifting blocks 2 are threaded onto the vertical screw rods at the four corners. The lifting blocks 2 are slidably engaged in the track cavity and slidably attached to the limiting vertical plates on both sides. Each of the base blocks is fixedly mounted on its top with a stepper motor, and the output shaft of the stepper motor passes through the base block and is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical lead screw below.

[0009] Preferably, the manual lifting assembly in the dual-mode lifting structure further includes a vertical rail rod, a limiting vertical groove, a threaded hole, and a bolt. Vertical rail rods are fixedly installed on the opposite bottom ends of the two base blocks on both sides of the metal frame in the length direction. The vertical rail rods are at the same height as the vertical lead screw, and the vertical rail rods are parallel and spaced apart from the rail cavity. The cross-section of the lifting block one is U-shaped and the opening side faces the lifting block two. The lifting block one is slidably engaged on the vertical track rod. Limiting vertical grooves are opened on both outer walls of the vertical track rod that are parallel to the limiting vertical plate. An integrated inner protrusion one is fixed on both inner walls of the vertical screw, and the inner protrusion one is slidably engaged in the limiting vertical groove. Both sides of the lifting block have threaded holes through the inner protrusion, and bolts are threaded into the threaded holes. The lifting block can be manually raised and lowered along the vertical track rod and positioned by screwing the bolts on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting groove.

[0010] Preferably, the second lifting block protrudes from the track cavity on one side facing the vertical track rod, and both sides of the first lifting block protrude from both sides of the vertical track rod and fit against the protruding parts of the second lifting block. The second lifting block has a pin hole 1 on both sides of the protruding part, and the first lifting block also has a pin hole 2 on both sides, and the pin hole 2 overlaps with and communicates with the pin hole 1. Movable pin rods are inserted into both sides of the first lifting block through the pin hole 2, and the ends of the movable pin rods pass through the pin hole 2 and are adapted to be inserted into the pin hole 1.

[0011] Preferably, in the dual-mode lifting structure, the scale indicator structure includes a vertical scale line, a vertical plate and a pointer. The vertical outer wall of the opposite side of the vertical track rods on both sides in the length direction of the metal frame is engraved with a vertical scale line. The bottom end of the closed side of the lifting block is fixedly installed with a vertical plate, and the bottom end of the vertical plate is fixedly installed with a pointer pointing to the vertical scale line. The pointer is always at the same height as the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning structure between the first horizontal rail and the first horizontal sliding slider is the same as that between the second horizontal rail and the second horizontal sliding slider. The positioning structure includes a limiting horizontal groove, a threaded hole, and a bolt. The first and second horizontal sliding sliders are both U-shaped. The opening side of the first horizontal sliding slider on both sides faces the front and back sides of the teaching and training greenhouse, respectively. The opening side of the second horizontal sliding slider on the second horizontal rail faces the top of the teaching and training greenhouse. Limiting horizontal grooves are provided at the top and bottom of the first horizontal rail. Limiting horizontal grooves are provided on both sides of the second horizontal rail. The top and bottom of the first horizontal sliding slider are fixed with an inner protrusion that slides and engages with the upper limit horizontal groove of the first horizontal rail. The inner sides of the second horizontal sliding slider are fixed with an inner protrusion that slides and engages with the upper limit horizontal groove of the second horizontal rail. The top and bottom of the horizontal sliding block 1 are provided with threaded holes 2 through the inner protrusion 2, and bolts 2 are threaded into the threaded holes 2. The horizontal sliding block 1 can be positioned after sliding along the horizontal rail 1 by screwing the threaded holes 2 on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting horizontal groove. Both sides of the transverse slider two are also provided with threaded holes two through the inner protrusion two, and bolts two are threaded into the threaded holes two. The transverse slider two can be positioned after sliding along the horizontal rail two by screwing the threaded holes two on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove.

[0013] Preferably, the scale indication structure 2 between the horizontal rail 1 and the horizontal slider 1 is the same as that between the horizontal rail 2 and the horizontal slider 2, and the scale indication structure 2 includes a horizontal scale line and a pointer 2. The horizontal sides of the two horizontal rails 1 that are opposite to each other are engraved with horizontal scale lines, and the open side of the horizontal slider 1 is fixedly installed with a pointer 2 that can slide along the length direction of the horizontal rail 1, and the tip of the pointer 2 points to the horizontal scale line. The top of the horizontal rail 2 is engraved with a horizontal scale line, and the open side of the horizontal slider 2 is fixedly installed with a pointer 2 that can slide along the length of the horizontal rail 2, with the tip of the pointer 2 pointing to the horizontal scale line.

[0014] Preferably, the sensor holder structure includes a horizontal base plate, a hollow plate, a pressing rod, a horizontal shaft, a sliding block, a spring, and an elastic component. The free end of the universal ball joint damping connecting shaft is fixedly installed with the horizontal base plate. Rectangular grooves are distributed on both sides of the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate, and the horizontal shaft is fixedly installed in the rectangular grooves. Slide blocks are slidably sleeved on both sides of the horizontal shaft, and the slide blocks are slidably engaged with the rectangular grooves. A spring sleeved on the horizontal shaft is fixedly connected between the slide blocks and the inner wall of the rectangular groove. The rectangular grooves, slide blocks, horizontal shafts and springs on both sides are symmetrically distributed about the bottom center line of the horizontal base plate. Both sides of the sliding block have an integrated hollow plate fixedly connected to their bottom ends. The hollow plates on both sides slide against the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate. The hollow plates on both sides are symmetrically distributed and their opposite ends are flush with the top and bottom of the sliding block, respectively. The hollow plate has a rectangular cavity, and the rectangular cavities on opposite ends of the two hollow plates are open. Multiple sets of parallel and closely distributed extrusion rods are slidably engaged in the rectangular cavity. The two extrusion rods are symmetrical to each other and their ends extend out of the rectangular cavity. The ends of the extrusion rods are semi-circular and fixedly pasted with soft pads. The temperature and humidity sensor is snapped between multiple sets of extrusion rods on both sides and compresses the spring to deform. The extrusion rod is fixedly connected to an elastic element between the middle end of the rectangular cavity and the inner wall of the closed end of the rectangular cavity. The elastic element is composed of multiple elastic rings fixedly connected together in a straight line.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture, which has the following beneficial effects: This invention, through overall structural optimization and tiered instructional design, achieves multiple targeted benefits, comprehensively fills the gaps in existing technologies, and effectively meets the core needs of modern agricultural vocational education, agricultural technology extension training, and practical training for agricultural majors in universities. Firstly, this device completely overcomes the core drawback of traditional training devices where sensors are rigidly fixed at a single point and cannot be flexibly adjusted. It achieves full-dimensional flexible adjustment of the temperature and humidity monitoring components in three-dimensional space. Based on the simulated crop variety, plant height, growth cycle, and planting density, the sensor's deployment height, horizontal orientation, and monitoring angle can be freely adjusted. This fully reproduces the complex spatial temperature and humidity distribution differences within a real greenhouse, including the crop canopy, greenhouse top and side walls, and between crop rows and plants. It completely solves the problem of existing devices only being able to collect data from a single fixed point and being completely disconnected from real production scenarios, allowing the training environment to closely match actual facility agriculture production sites and achieving seamless integration between training scenarios and field practice from the root. Secondly, this device features a unique dual-mode adjustment architecture, specifically designed to meet the tiered training needs of modern agricultural education. For the basic teaching stage, a manual adjustment mode is provided, which is simple and easy to learn. Students with no prior experience can manually perform sensor height positioning, horizontal sliding, and angle adjustment, intuitively perceiving the impact of spatial location on temperature and humidity monitoring. This allows them to solidly grasp the basic mechanical principles and operational procedures of sensor deployment, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of existing devices that cannot conduct basic manual operations and where students struggle to understand spatial monitoring logic. For the advanced professional teaching stage, an electric automated adjustment mode is provided, adapting to the teaching needs of smart agriculture and intelligent environmental control. This mode enables precise batch control and automated point-to-point debugging of sensors, helping advanced students master the practical applications of electromechanical transmission and intelligent control in facility agriculture. It establishes a bridge between basic practical training and advanced professional skills. One device caters to the learning needs of students at different teaching stages and with varying levels of experience, significantly improving teaching adaptability and equipment utilization, and addressing the pain points of existing devices' insufficient teaching focus and inability to cover all stages of talent cultivation. Furthermore, this device, through its accompanying quantitative indication and positioning structure, achieves precise quantification and stable locking of sensor deployment positions. All adjustment parameters can be read intuitively and recorded accurately, ensuring the reproducibility and comparability of training data. Trainees are no longer passively receiving static data but can independently design sensor deployment schemes, conduct multi-point monitoring, and analyze spatial temperature and humidity differences. This significantly enhances trainees' hands-on skills, adaptability to different scenarios, and problem-solving abilities, fundamentally changing the current situation of hollow training content and insufficient practical training for trainees. It truly shifts practical teaching from theoretical instruction to hands-on engagement, comprehensively improving the practicality and relevance of teaching. Simultaneously, this device employs a flexible adaptive sensor component clamping structure, compatible with multiple specifications of temperature and humidity monitoring components. It is easy to assemble and disassemble without rigid damage. Combined with a stable and reliable overall load-bearing structure and a dual-mode switching structure, it operates stably with a low failure rate, meeting the high-frequency usage requirements of frequent point adjustments and component replacements in teaching and training. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-mode lifting structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-mode lifting structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the dual-mode lifting structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the connection between lifting block one and lifting block two of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the horizontal rail and the lifting blocks on both sides of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between horizontal rail one and horizontal rail two of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the horizontal rail 2 and the horizontal sliding slider 2 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the connection shaft between the transverse slider 2 and the universal ball joint damping of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sensor holder structure of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified view of part A in the diagram.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Teaching and training greenhouse chamber; 2. Central electrical control cabinet; 3. Metal frame; 4. Lifting block one; 5. Horizontal rail one; 6. Horizontal slider one; 7. Horizontal rail two; 8. Horizontal slider two; 9. Universal ball joint damping connecting shaft; 10. Sensor mounting structure; 11. Temperature and humidity sensor; 12. Base block; 13. Limiting vertical plate; 14. Vertical lead screw; 15. Lifting block two; 16. Stepper motor; 17. Vertical track rod; 18. Limiting vertical groove; 19. Pin hole one 20. Pin Hole Two; 21. Movable Pin Rod; 22. Threaded Hole One; 23. Bolt Part One; 24. Vertical Scale Line; 25. Vertical Plate Part; 26. Pointer One; 27. Limiting Horizontal Slot; 28. Threaded Hole Two; 29. ​​Bolt Part Two; 30. Horizontal Scale Line; 31. Pointer Two; 32. Horizontal Base Plate; 33. Hollow Plate; 34. Rectangular Cavity; 35. Extrusion Rod; 36. Rectangular Slot; 37. Horizontal Shaft Part; 38. Slide Block; 39. Spring; 40. Elastic Part; 41. Soft Pad. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-13A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture includes a teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1 and a central electrical control cabinet 2. The teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1 is fixedly installed on the central electrical control cabinet 2, and a training interactive terminal electrically connected to it is fixedly installed on one side of the central electrical control cabinet 2. The central electrical control cabinet 2 is a mature and general-purpose electrical control device in the field of facility agriculture teaching and training and small intelligent training equipment, which belongs to the prior art and is not the innovation of this invention. It adopts a closed cabinet structure formed by cold-rolled steel sheet metal, and has a built-in switching power supply module, PLC programmable control module, temperature and humidity data acquisition module, stepper motor drive module, short circuit and overload protection module, RS485 communication module and terminal block. It is equipped with a cooling fan and power switch. The core functions of the device are to realize the stable power supply, electrical control signal transmission and reception, precise control of stepper motor start / stop / forward and reverse rotation, temperature and humidity data reception and transmission, and circuit safety protection. The training interactive terminal is fixedly installed on one side of the cabinet. The interactive terminal is a conventional touch-screen training operation screen, electrically connected to the central electrical control cabinet 2. It enables input of training commands, real-time visualization of temperature and humidity data, and adjustment of electrical control parameters, fully adapting to the general electrical control requirements of teaching and training equipment. The teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1 is enclosed by a rectangular, three-dimensional, hollow metal frame 3 and a transparent PC endurance board. The overall enclosed structure simulates the cultivation environment of a real facility agriculture greenhouse. The transparent PC endurance board allows trainees to directly observe the deployment of internal sensors, structural adjustments, and the entire process of temperature and humidity changes. The metal frame 3 serves as the overall load-bearing base, ensuring the overall stability of the adjustable structure during operation and preventing data distortion caused by shaking or displacement. The central electrical control cabinet 2, as the core of the entire device's control and data processing, provides stable power to all electric and sensor components, receives temperature and humidity data, and visualizes it through the interactive training terminal. It also supports trainees issuing control commands and includes: A three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure is set in a metal frame 3 and includes a dual-mode lifting structure, two horizontal rails 5, multiple horizontal sliders 6, multiple horizontal rails 7, multiple horizontal sliders 8, a universal ball joint damping connecting shaft 9, and a sensor mounting structure 10. The dual-mode lifting structure consists of four groups symmetrically distributed at the four corners on both sides of the metal frame 3. The dual-mode lifting structure comprises an electric lifting group and a manual lifting group, which are connected by an active transmission. The manual lifting group includes a lifting block 4 that can freely move along the height direction of the metal frame 3. Two horizontal rails 5 are fixedly connected between the symmetrically distributed lifting blocks 4 on both sides, and the horizontal rails 5 are parallel to the length direction of the metal frame 3. Multiple horizontal sliders 6 are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail 5. Multiple horizontal rails 7 are fixedly connected between the symmetrically distributed horizontal sliders 6 on both sides, and the horizontal rails 7 are parallel to the width direction of the metal frame 3. Multiple horizontal sliders 8 are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail 7. A universal ball joint damping connecting shaft 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the transverse slider 2 8. This universal ball joint damping connecting shaft 9 is a mature and universally used damping universal connector in the fields of precision training equipment and mechanical adjustment. It belongs to the prior art and is not the innovation of this invention. The core consists of a ball socket base, a precision ball head, a wear-resistant damping friction pad, and a damping preload structure. The ball socket base is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the transverse slider 2, and the damping friction pad is embedded inside. The precision ball head is movably engaged in the ball socket base. The two form a constant friction fit through the damping pad. The ball head and ball socket base are made of stainless steel and high wear-resistant POM engineering plastic respectively. The surface is polished, and the adjustment is smooth and without jamming. The damping pre-tightening structure can ensure constant damping force without the need for additional locking parts. It has the ability to adjust pitch, yaw and 360° rotation with multiple degrees of freedom. When the external force is adjusted, the angle can be flexibly changed. After the external force is removed, it will automatically lock and position itself by the damping friction force. It will not cause angle deviation or shaking due to its own weight or slight external force. The degrees of freedom of the universal ball head damping connecting shaft 9 are all equipped with sensor bracket structure 10. Multiple temperature and humidity sensors 11 are detachably assembled in each sensor card holder structure 10 and electrically connected to the central electrical control cabinet 2. The specific model is DHT22 (AM2302). This model is a commonly selected component for agricultural training devices. The temperature measurement range is -40℃~80℃ with a measurement accuracy of ±0.5℃, and the humidity measurement range is 0~99.9%RH with a measurement accuracy of ±2%RH. It adopts single-bus digital signal output, has strong compatibility with the data acquisition module of the central electrical control cabinet 2, moderate anti-interference ability, and is easy to disassemble and debug. It fully meets the monitoring accuracy and practical needs of temperature and humidity teaching and training in facility agriculture. It is a well-known and mature sensor component that can transmit the collected temperature and humidity data from different points to the central electrical control cabinet 2 in real time to achieve multi-point synchronous monitoring.

[0020] Furthermore, the dual-mode lifting structure also includes a scale indicator structure one, used to determine the height of the temperature and humidity sensor 11; a scale indicator structure two and a positioning structure are provided between the horizontal rail one 5 and the horizontal slider one 6, and between the horizontal rail two 7 and the horizontal slider two 8. The positioning structure is used to fix the horizontal slider one 6 and the horizontal slider two 8 after sliding, and the scale indicator structure two is used to determine the specific position of each temperature and humidity sensor 11 on the two-dimensional horizontal plane; the scale indicator structure one is synchronously linked with the dual-mode lifting structure, and whether adjusted manually or electrically, the vertical height of the temperature and humidity sensor 11 can be quantitatively displayed in real time, completely solving the problem of existing training equipment. To address the errors caused by the lack of quantization and visual estimation in sensor height adjustment, this device ensures that training data is reproducible and comparable. The second scale indicator structure, working in conjunction with the horizontal sliding structure, precisely marks the sensor's two-dimensional coordinates in the length and width directions of the greenhouse chamber. Used in conjunction with the positioning structure, it allows for rapid locking after sliding, preventing the horizontal slider from shifting or moving due to its own weight or external forces during training. This ensures the monitoring point remains fixed, and the quantized coordinates directly correspond to the spatial orientation within a real greenhouse, making the training content fully aligned with actual production. This overcomes the core technical deficiencies of existing devices, such as the lack of positioning and quantization indicators, and enhances the rigor and standardization of training.

[0021] Furthermore, each horizontal rail 5 has at least two horizontal sliding sliders 6, and each horizontal rail 7 has at least two horizontal sliding sliders 8. The configuration of multiple sets of horizontal sliding sliders 6 and 8 allows for the simultaneous installation of multiple temperature and humidity sensors 11 on the same horizontal guide rail, forming a multi-point, gridded monitoring network covering the entire interior of the teaching and training greenhouse 1, rather than monitoring a single fixed point. Trainees can simultaneously deploy multiple sensors to different spatial points to compare and collect temperature and humidity data from different areas such as the crop canopy, between rows, between plants, greenhouse sidewalls, and vents, and intuitively analyze the differences in spatial temperature and humidity distribution. At the same time, it can meet the teaching needs of group training and comparative training. One device can be operated simultaneously by multiple trainees, improving teaching efficiency. This quantity setting ensures that the horizontal adjustment range covers the entire horizontal plane of the greenhouse, with no monitoring blind spots, solving the problems of existing devices having a small number of sensors, single monitoring points, and the inability to simulate the temperature and humidity distribution across the entire area.

[0022] Furthermore, the electric lifting assembly in the dual-mode lifting structure includes a limiting vertical plate 13, a vertical lead screw 14, a lifting block 15, and a stepper motor 16. The stepper motor 16 adopts a commercially available and mature 42-stepper motor commonly used in existing teaching and training equipment, specifically model 17HS4401 (NEMA17 standard type). This model is a commonly selected component for training lifting transmission mechanisms, offering stable operation, moderate control precision, and low cost. It is suitable for lifting and adjustment scenarios with small vertical lead screw drives, and its wiring and drive debugging are simple, perfectly meeting the dual needs of both basic and advanced professional teaching. The requirement is for a mature and universally applicable power component. The top frame of the metal frame 3 has horizontally oriented base blocks 12 fixedly installed at each of the four corners. Each base block 12 has two vertically oriented limiting plates 13 fixedly installed on its bottom outer wall. These two plates are perpendicular to the base block 12 and symmetrically spaced, forming a vertical track cavity between the two sets of limiting plates 13. Each base block 12 also has a vertically oriented lead screw 14 rotatably installed on its bottom outer wall. The lead screw 14 is located at the center of the track cavity, and is at the same height as the limiting plates 13. The vertical leads screws at the four corners... A lifting block 15 is threaded onto rod 14. The lifting block 15 is slidably engaged in the track cavity and slidably fitted against the limiting vertical plates 13 on both sides. A stepper motor 16 is fixedly installed on the top of each base block 12, and the output shaft of the stepper motor 16 passes through the base block 12 and is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical lead screw 14 below. When the electric lifting assembly is running, the central electrical control cabinet 2 synchronously drives the four sets of stepper motors 16 to rotate in the same direction at a uniform speed through the stepper motor drive module. The output shaft of the stepper motor 16 drives the vertical lead screw 14 to rotate in a specific direction, and the threaded transmission driving force drives the lifting block 15 along the track cavity. The track cavity enclosed by the limiting vertical plates 13 moves vertically in a straight line. The limiting vertical plates 13 on both sides are in contact with the limit throughout the entire process, preventing horizontal deflection, shaking or jamming of the lifting block 15 during the lifting process, ensuring the linear accuracy and stability of the vertical movement. This electric drive structure is suitable for advanced smart agriculture teaching, and can realize the automation, precision and batch adjustment of the sensor height. It solves the problem that the existing device does not have electric lifting function and cannot be connected to intelligent training. At the same time, the threaded drive has a self-locking characteristic. After the power is cut off, the lifting block 15 can be automatically locked to prevent it from falling and improve the safety of the device operation.

[0023] Furthermore, the manual lifting assembly in the dual-mode lifting structure also includes a vertical rail rod 17, a limiting vertical groove 18, a threaded hole 22, and a bolt 23. Vertical rail rods 17 are fixedly installed on the opposite bottom ends of the base blocks 12 on both sides of the metal frame 3 along the length direction. The vertical rail rods 17 are at the same height as the vertical screw 14, and are parallel and spaced apart from the rail cavity. The lifting block 4 has a U-shaped cross-section with its opening facing the lifting block 15. The lifting block 4 is slidably engaged with the vertical rail rod 17. Limiting vertical grooves 18 are provided on both outer walls of the vertical rail rod 17 that are parallel to the limiting vertical plate 13. An integrated inner protrusion is fixed on both inner walls of the vertical screw 14, and the inner protrusion is slidably engaged in the limiting vertical groove 18. Threaded holes 22 penetrating the inner protrusion are provided on both outer walls of the lifting block 4, and bolts 23 are threaded into the threaded holes 22. The lifting block 4 can... The manual lifting and lowering of the lifting block 4 along the vertical track rod 17 is achieved by screwing the bolts 23 on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove 18. The manual lifting assembly is designed for basic teaching. The engagement between the inner protrusion and the limiting vertical groove 18 provides directional constraint for the vertical sliding of the lifting block 4, allowing it to move only in the vertical direction and preventing lateral swaying or forward and backward deviation, thus ensuring the stability of manual adjustment. When the trainee loosens the bolt 23, the bolt end separates from the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove 18, and the lifting block 4 can slide freely along the vertical track rod 17. The operation is simple and easy to learn, suitable for students with no prior experience to master the basic principles of mechanical adjustment. When the bolt 23 is tightened, the bolt end presses against the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove 18 to generate static friction, achieving gapless locking and a firm, non-loose positioning. This manual structure does not require electric drive, solving the problem that existing devices lack manual lifting function and students cannot practice basic spatial positioning.

[0024] Furthermore, lifting block 2 15 protrudes from the track cavity on one side facing the vertical track rod 17, and both sides of lifting block 1 4 protrude from both sides of the vertical track rod 17 and fit against the protruding parts of lifting block 2 15. Pin holes 19 are provided on both sides of the protruding parts of lifting block 2 15, and pin holes 20 are also provided on both sides of lifting block 1 4. Pin holes 20 overlap and communicate with pin holes 19. Movable pin rods 21 are inserted into both sides of lifting block 1 4 through pin holes 20, and the ends of the movable pin rods 21 pass through pin holes 20 and are fitted into pin holes 19. This structure is the core linkage structure for dual-mode switching, achieving seamless switching between electric and manual modes through the movable pin rods 21. The switching and plugging operations are convenient and do not require auxiliary tools, adapting to the needs of quickly switching training modes in teaching settings. After inserting the movable pin 21, lifting block 1 4 and lifting block 2 15 are completely locked together. The electric lifting group can synchronously drive the manual lifting group and the overall horizontal guide rail structure to lift, realizing the electric linkage mode and meeting the needs of advanced automated training. After pulling out the movable pin 21, the two are completely separated. Lifting block 1 4 can be adjusted manually independently, and the electric lifting group is not disturbed, realizing the manual independent mode and meeting the needs of basic training. The switching between the two does not affect the stability of operation, solving the problem that existing devices cannot take into account both manual basic teaching and electric advanced teaching, and the mode switching is cumbersome.

[0025] Furthermore, the scale indication structure in the dual-mode lifting structure includes a vertical scale line 24, a vertical plate 25, and a pointer 26. Vertical scale lines 24 are engraved on the opposite sides of the vertical track rods 17 on both sides of the metal frame 3 along its length. A vertical plate 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the closed side of the lifting block 4, and a pointer 26 pointing to the vertical scale line 24 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vertical plate 25. The pointer 26 is always at the same height as the temperature and humidity sensor 11. The scale indication structure adopts a follow-up indication design. The vertical plate 25 is fixedly connected to the lifting block 4, and the pointer 26 rises and falls synchronously with the lifting block 4, always maintaining the same height as the temperature and humidity sensor 11. No conversion is needed when reading the value; the actual installation height of the sensor can be accurately obtained by directly reading the value of the vertical scale line 24 corresponding to the pointer 26, making the reading intuitive.

[0026] Furthermore, the positioning structure between horizontal rail 5 and horizontal slider 6 is the same as that between horizontal rail 7 and horizontal slider 8, and the positioning structure includes a limiting horizontal groove 27, a threaded hole 28, and a bolt 29. Both horizontal slider 6 and horizontal slider 8 are U-shaped, and the opening side of horizontal slider 6 on both sides of horizontal rail 5 faces the front and back sides of the teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1, respectively. The opening side of horizontal slider 8 on horizontal rail 7 faces the top of the teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1. The top and bottom of the horizontal rail 1 5 are provided with limiting grooves 27, and the two sides of the horizontal rail 2 7 are provided with limiting grooves 27. The top and bottom of the interior of the horizontal slider 1 6 are both provided with inner protrusions 2 that slide and engage with the upper limit grooves 27 of the horizontal rail 1 5. The two sides of the interior of the horizontal slider 2 8 are provided with inner protrusions 2 that slide and engage with the upper limit grooves 27 of the horizontal rail 2 7. The top and bottom of the horizontal slider 1 6 are provided with threaded holes 28 that pass through the inner protrusions 2, and a threaded object is inserted into the threaded hole 28. Bolt 29, the transverse slider 6 can be positioned by screwing the threaded holes 28 on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove 27, thus sliding along the horizontal rail 5; the transverse slider 8 also has threaded holes 28 on both sides that pass through the inner protrusion 2, and bolt 29 is threaded into the threaded holes 28. The transverse slider 8 can be positioned by screwing the threaded holes 28 on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove 27, thus sliding along the horizontal rail 7; this positioning structure adopts a concave-convex snap-fit ​​connection. The dual positioning design with compression locking, where the inner convex body 22 engages with the limiting transverse groove 27, firstly achieves directional constraint on the horizontal sliding of the slider, allowing it to move only along the length of the guide rail, preventing vertical and horizontal movement and ensuring accurate sliding trajectory; after sliding to the target position, tightening the bolt part 29, the bolt end passes through the threaded hole 28 and compresses the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove 27, generating high-strength static friction force, achieving complete locking of the horizontal sliding slider, with no loosening or offset after locking, suitable for students' rapid positioning operation.

[0027] Furthermore, the scale indication structure 2 between the horizontal rail 15 and the horizontal slider 16 is the same as that between the horizontal rail 27 and the horizontal slider 28. The scale indication structure 2 includes a horizontal scale line 30 and a pointer 21. The horizontal sides of the two horizontal rails 15, facing away from each other, are engraved with the horizontal scale line 30. A pointer 21, which can slide along the length of the horizontal rail 15, is fixedly installed on the open side of the horizontal slider 16, with its tip pointing towards the horizontal scale line 30. The top of the horizontal rail 27 is engraved with the horizontal scale line 30, and a pointer 21, which can slide along the length of the horizontal rail 27, is fixedly installed on the open side of the horizontal slider 28, with its tip pointing towards the horizontal scale line 30. The scale indication structure 2 adopts a two-dimensional split-type indication design. The horizontal rail 15... The scale line 30, in conjunction with pointer 31, precisely indicates the coordinates of the temperature and humidity sensor 11 along the length of the greenhouse chamber. The horizontal scale line 30 on the horizontal rail 7, in conjunction with pointer 31, precisely indicates its coordinates along the width. Together with the vertical scale indicator structure, a complete three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is formed. Trainees can accurately record the spatial coordinates of each sensor, facilitating repeated training, data comparison, and scheme optimization. Pointer 31 is fixedly connected to the corresponding horizontal slider and slides synchronously with the slider. Its tip is close to the scale line, eliminating angular errors in reading. The horizontal scale line 30 is positioned so that trainees can observe it intuitively without having to bend over or look up. This quantitative design completely solves the problems of existing devices lacking horizontal coordinates and sensor deployment standards, making the training fully aligned with the core needs of sensor layout optimization in real production.

[0028] Furthermore, the sensor holder structure 10 includes a horizontal base plate 32, a hollow plate 33, a compression rod 35, a horizontal shaft 37, a sliding block 38, a spring 39, and a spring element 40. The horizontal base plate 32 is fixedly installed on the free end of the universal ball joint damping connecting shaft 9. Rectangular grooves 36 are distributed on both sides of the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate 32, and the horizontal shaft 37 is fixedly installed in the rectangular grooves 36. Sliding blocks 38 are slidably sleeved on both sides of the horizontal shaft 37, and the sliding blocks 38 are slidably engaged with the rectangular grooves 36. A spring 39 sleeved on the horizontal shaft 37 is fixedly connected between the sliding block 38 and the inner wall of the end side of the rectangular groove 36. The rectangular grooves 36, sliding blocks 38, horizontal shaft 37, and springs 39 are all located at the bottom of the horizontal base plate 32. The slide blocks 38 on both sides are symmetrically distributed; the bottom ends of the slide blocks 38 on both sides are fixedly connected to an integrated hollow plate 33, and the hollow plates 33 on both sides slide against the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate 32. The hollow plates 33 on both sides are symmetrically distributed and their opposite ends are flush with the slide blocks 38. A rectangular cavity 34 is opened in the hollow plate 33, and the opposite ends of the hollow plates 33 on both sides are open. Multiple sets of parallel and attached extrusion rods 35 are slidably engaged in the rectangular cavity 34. The extrusion rods 35 on both sides are symmetrical and their ends extend out of the rectangular cavity 34. The ends of the extrusion rods 35 are semi-circular and are fixedly attached with soft pads 41. The temperature and humidity sensor 11 is engaged between the multiple sets of extrusion rods 35 on both sides and compresses the spring 39 to deform. The compression rod 35 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the closed end of the rectangular cavity 34 by an elastic element 40, which is composed of multiple elastic rings fixedly connected together in a straight line. The sensor holder structure 10 adopts a double-layer flexible adaptive clamping design, which can be adapted to temperature and humidity sensors 11 of different specifications and sizes. It can be disassembled and assembled without tools, making it convenient to operate and suitable for the needs of frequent sensor replacement in teaching. When assembling the sensor, the hollow plates 33 are pulled open to both sides, and the sliding block 38 slides along the horizontal axis 37 to compress the spring 39. After the sensor is placed between the hollow plates 33 on both sides, it is released. The spring 39 rebounds and causes the hollow plates 33 to initially clamp the sensor. At the same time, the elastic element 40 in the rectangular cavity 34... Multiple sets of extrusion rods 35 extend synchronously, and their semi-circular ends, in conjunction with soft pads 41, achieve flexible and close clamping. The soft pads 41 increase contact friction to prevent the sensor from slipping and avoid rigid extrusion that could damage the sensor housing. The multiple sets of parallel extrusion rods 35 can adapt to the shape and contour of the sensor, resulting in a high degree of fit and gapless clamping. The elastic element 40 adopts a multi-set series elastic ring structure, providing uniform elasticity and sufficient toughness, making it less prone to failure over long-term use. The interlocking engagement between the horizontal shaft 37 and the rectangular groove 36 ensures smooth and unobstructed sliding of the hollow plate 33. This structure solves the shortcomings of existing sensor clamping structures, such as their single type, poor compatibility, easy damage to the sensor, and cumbersome disassembly and assembly. At the same time, the detachable design facilitates sensor maintenance, replacement, and calibration.

[0029] Working Principle: This device uses the teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1 as the training carrier and the central electrical control cabinet 2 as the core control hub. The two are fixedly assembled to form an integrated training platform. One side of the central electrical control cabinet 2 is electrically connected to the training interactive terminal to realize training operation control, data reception, and visualization display. The teaching and training greenhouse chamber 1 is formed by a rectangular three-dimensional hollow metal frame 3 combined with transparent PC endurance board. It not only simulates the closed greenhouse environment of real facility agriculture, ensuring the independence and controllability of temperature and humidity, but also allows trainees to observe the entire process of internal sensor deployment, structural adjustment, and environmental changes through the transparent material, which is suitable for teaching and observation needs. The metal frame 3 serves as the overall load-bearing and installation foundation, providing a stable assembly carrier for the subsequent three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure.

[0030] This device, through its three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure, enables flexible deployment and precise positioning of temperature and humidity sensors in three-dimensional space, fully adapting to the needs of connecting practical training with real production.

[0031] Regarding height adjustment, the dual-mode lifting structure not only addresses the shortcomings of existing devices with fixed sensor heights that cannot simulate temperature and humidity monitoring of crops of different heights and different spatial layers, but also features manual and electric dual-mode lifting, suitable for both basic and advanced professional teaching, while achieving precise quantitative adjustment of sensor height. The manual lifting assembly consists of lifting block 4, vertical track rod 17, limiting vertical groove 18, threaded hole 22, and bolt 23, designed specifically for beginners. Its core solution is to allow trainees to intuitively understand the impact of height on temperature and humidity monitoring. Trainees loosen the bolt 23 in the threaded holes 22 on both sides of lifting block 4, releasing the pressure between the bolt 23 and the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove 18. At this time, lifting block 4 can slide freely along the vertical track rod 17, allowing trainees to adjust the temperature and humidity sensor 11 to different heights such as the ground, crop canopy, and greenhouse top, simulating the monitoring needs of crops of different heights (such as leafy vegetables, tomatoes, and fruit trees) in real production. Locking and positioning: After adjusting to the target height, tighten bolt 23. The end of bolt 23 presses against the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove 18, and the lifting block 4 is locked and positioned by static friction, ensuring the stability of the sensor height and avoiding data distortion caused by displacement during monitoring. This manual lifting assembly allows trainees to intuitively grasp the basic mechanical operation logic of spatial positioning, understand the laws of spatial differences, and overcome the shortcomings of existing devices that cannot allow trainees to operate height adjustment or perceive the stratification of temperature and humidity in space.

[0032] The electric lifting unit consists of a base block 12, a limiting vertical plate 13, a vertical lead screw 14, a second lifting block 15, and a stepper motor 16. Designed for advanced learners, it is designed to meet the needs of automated monitoring in smart agriculture. When trainees issue control commands to the stepper motor 16 through the central electrical control cabinet 2 and the training interactive terminal, the stepper motor 16 starts and drives the vertical lead screw 14 to rotate in a specific direction. The second lifting block 15 moves vertically and linearly along the track cavity formed by the limiting vertical plate 13 under the action of threaded transmission. The limiting vertical plate 13 constrains the horizontal displacement of the second lifting block 15 throughout the entire process, preventing jamming or deflection during the lifting process and ensuring the linear accuracy of height adjustment. When the four electric lifting units are running simultaneously, the height of all sensors can be adjusted at once, simulating the deployment of batch sensors for a crop in a certain growth cycle (such as seedling stage, flowering stage, and fruiting stage) in real production, allowing trainees to understand the automated monitoring logic in large-scale facility agriculture production. This electric lifting unit meets the advanced teaching needs of automated monitoring in smart agriculture, overcoming the shortcomings of existing devices that cannot achieve automated height control and cannot be integrated into smart agriculture teaching.

[0033] The two modes can be freely switched using the movable pin 21, catering to both basic and advanced teaching needs: Electric linkage mode (advanced teaching): Insert the movable pin 21 into the pin hole 20 and the pin hole 19 in sequence to lock the lifting block 1 4 and the lifting block 2 15 together. When the stepper motor 16 drives the lifting block 2 15, it simultaneously drives the lifting block 1 4 to realize electric height adjustment, which is suitable for automated monitoring training. Manual independent mode (basic teaching): Pull out the movable pin 21 to release the locking relationship between lifting block 1 4 and lifting block 2 15. Lifting block 1 4 can be manually adjusted independently without interfering with the electric lifting group structure, which is suitable for basic mechanical debugging training. This dual-mode design allows a single device to simultaneously cover the tiered teaching needs from beginner to advanced levels, overcoming the shortcomings of existing devices that lack targeted teaching and cannot adapt to different learning stages. At the same time, the vertical plate 25 of the scale indicator structure moves up and down synchronously with the lifting block 4, causing the pointer 26 to point to the vertical scale line 24, allowing trainees to accurately read the height value of the sensor and intuitively correspond to the monitoring point requirements of different crop canopies and upper and lower spaces in greenhouses in real production, completely solving the problem that existing devices cannot adjust the sensor height.

[0034] In the horizontal two-dimensional space, the orthogonal guide rail system formed by horizontal rail 5 and horizontal rail 7 enables flexible displacement of the sensor in the length and width directions of the greenhouse chamber: horizontal rail 5 rises and falls synchronously with lifting block 4, and horizontal slider 6 can slide along the limiting groove 27 of horizontal rail 5 to adjust the position of the sensor in the length direction of the chamber; horizontal rail 7 is fixed between horizontal sliders 1 and 6, and horizontal slider 8 can slide along the limiting groove 27 of horizontal rail 2 to adjust the position of the sensor in the width direction of the chamber. The two work together to form an adjustable monitoring network covering the entire horizontal plane of the greenhouse chamber; the sliding is completed. Then, tighten bolt 29 to press it tightly against the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove 27, thereby locking the positions of transverse slider 6 and transverse slider 8 and preventing the sensor from shifting during training. The pointer 31 of the scale indicator structure moves synchronously with transverse slider 6 and transverse slider 8, pointing to the transverse scale line 30 on the horizontal rail 5 and horizontal rail 7 respectively, allowing trainees to accurately obtain the coordinate position of the sensor on the horizontal plane, corresponding to the monitoring needs of different positions such as between crop rows, between plants, greenhouse ventilation openings, and side walls in real production, solving the problem that the existing device cannot adjust the horizontal orientation of the sensor.

[0035] In terms of sensor attitude and clamping, the universal ball joint damping connecting shaft 9 gives the sensor holder structure 10 degrees of freedom for attitude adjustment. Trainees can flexibly adjust the orientation of the temperature and humidity sensor 11 according to the training needs, such as towards the crop canopy, ventilation opening, or soil surface. The damping characteristics ensure that the adjusted attitude is stable and will not shift due to its own weight or external force, providing the possibility of simulating different monitoring angles. The sensor holder structure 10 adopts a flexible adaptive clamping design: the hollow plates 33 on both sides are driven by the elastic force of the spring 39, and move towards the middle along the horizontal axis 37 through the sliding block 38, which drives the extrusion rod 35 in the rectangular cavity 34 to extrude the temperature and humidity sensor towards the middle. The soft pad 41 at the end of the pressure rod 35 of the humidity sensor 11 increases the contact friction with the sensor, ensuring a stable clamping, and also avoids damage to the sensor housing caused by rigid clamping. When it is necessary to replace the temperature and humidity sensor 11 with a different model or size, the hollow plates 33 on both sides are pulled outward, the spring 39 is compressed, and the pressure rod 35 moves to the center to release the clamping. At the same time, under the action of the elastic element 40, the extension length of the pressure rod 35 can be adaptively adjusted according to the shape of the sensor to adapt to different specifications of sensors. This design allows trainees to easily complete the disassembly and replacement of sensors and practice the installation specifications and maintenance operations of sensors in real production.

[0036] Ultimately, the temperature and humidity data collected by all temperature and humidity sensors 11 at different heights, orientations, and postures are transmitted in real time to the central electrical control cabinet 2. This data is then visualized and presented to trainees through the interactive training terminal. Trainees can intuitively compare the temperature and humidity differences at different points in the space, analyze the temperature and humidity distribution patterns in scenarios such as the crop canopy, greenhouse sidewalls, and between rows and plants, and then formulate targeted temperature and humidity control strategies. For example, they can activate ventilation equipment in high-temperature areas of the canopy or adjust irrigation frequency in high-humidity areas at the bottom, thus completely simulating the closed-loop process of monitoring, analysis, and control in real facility agriculture production. This design completely breaks the limitations of existing devices that rely on single fixed-point monitoring, allowing trainees to independently design sensor deployment schemes, understand the core logic of point selection and layout optimization, and grasp the impact of spatial temperature and humidity differences on control strategies. This effectively improves the practicality and relevance of practical training, builds a bridge between theoretical knowledge and field practice, and meets the essential needs of modern agricultural technical skills training.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture, comprising a teaching and training greenhouse chamber (1) and a central electrical control cabinet (2), wherein the teaching and training greenhouse chamber (1) is fixedly installed on the central electrical control cabinet (2), and the teaching and training greenhouse chamber (1) is formed by a rectangular three-dimensional hollow metal frame (3) enclosed by a transparent PC endurance board, characterized in that, Also includes: The three-dimensional adjustable sensor deployment structure is set in a metal frame (3) and includes a dual-mode lifting structure, two horizontal rails (5), multiple horizontal sliders (6), multiple horizontal rails (7), multiple horizontal sliders (8), a universal ball joint damping connecting shaft (9), and a sensor mounting structure (10). The dual-mode lifting structure consists of four groups, symmetrically distributed at the four corners on both sides of the metal frame (3). The dual-mode lifting structure is composed of an electric lifting group and a manual lifting group, which are connected by an active transmission. The manual lifting group includes a lifting block (4) that can freely move along the height direction of the metal frame (3), and two horizontal rails (5) respectively. The lifting blocks (4) are fixedly connected between the two sides and the horizontal rail (5) is parallel to the length direction of the metal frame (3). Multiple horizontal sliding blocks (6) are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail (5). Multiple horizontal rails (7) are fixedly connected between the horizontal sliding blocks (6) symmetrically distributed on both sides and the horizontal rails (7) are parallel to the width direction of the metal frame (3). Multiple horizontal sliding blocks (8) are slidably mounted on each horizontal rail (7). A universal ball joint damping connecting shaft (9) is fixedly installed at the bottom of each horizontal sliding block (8). The universal ball joint damping connecting shaft (9) has a sensor card holder structure (10) for each degree of freedom. Multiple temperature and humidity sensors (11) are detachably assembled in each sensor card holder structure (10) and electrically connected to the central electrical control cabinet (2).

2. The teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-mode lifting structure also includes a scale indicator structure 1, used to determine the height of the temperature and humidity sensor (11); A scale indicator structure and a positioning structure are provided between the horizontal rail one (5) and the horizontal slider one (6) and between the horizontal rail two (7) and the horizontal slider two (8). The positioning structure is used to fix the horizontal slider one (6) and the horizontal slider two (8) after they slide. The scale indicator structure is used to determine the specific position of each temperature and humidity sensor (11) on the two-dimensional horizontal plane.

3. The teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of horizontal sliding blocks 1 (6) on each horizontal rail 1 (5) shall not be less than two, and the number of horizontal sliding blocks 2 (8) on each horizontal rail 2 (7) shall not be less than two.

4. The teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric lifting group in the dual-mode lifting structure includes a limiting vertical plate (13), a vertical screw (14), a second lifting block (15), and a stepper motor (16). The top frame of the metal frame (3) is fixedly installed with horizontal base blocks (12) at the four corners. Each base block (12) has two limiting vertical plates (13) fixedly installed on its bottom outer wall. The two limiting vertical plates (13) are perpendicular to the base block (12) and symmetrically distributed. A vertical track cavity is formed between the two sets of limiting vertical plates (13). Each of the base blocks (12) has a vertical screw (14) rotatably mounted on its bottom outer wall. The vertical screw (14) is located at the center of the track cavity. The vertical screw (14) is at the same height as the limiting vertical plate (13). The four corner vertical screws (14) are threaded with lifting blocks (15). The lifting blocks (15) are slidably engaged in the track cavity and slidably attached to the limiting vertical plates (13) on both sides. Each of the base blocks (12) is fixedly mounted with a stepper motor (16) on its top, and the output shaft of the stepper motor (16) passes through the base block (12) and is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical lead screw (14) below.

5. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The manual lifting group in the dual-mode lifting structure also includes a vertical rail rod (17), a limiting vertical groove (18), a threaded hole (22) and a bolt (23). The bottom of the opposite sides of the base blocks (12) on both sides of the metal frame (3) in the length direction are fixedly installed with vertical rail rods (17). The vertical rail rods (17) are at the same height as the vertical screw rod (14), and the vertical rail rods (17) are parallel and spaced apart from the rail cavity. The cross-section of the lifting block 1 (4) is U-shaped and the opening side faces the lifting block 2 (15). The lifting block 1 (4) is slidably engaged on the vertical track rod (17). The two outer walls of the vertical track rod (17) parallel to the limiting vertical plate (13) are provided with limiting vertical grooves (18). The two inner walls of the vertical screw rod (14) are fixed with an integrated inner protrusion 1, and the inner protrusion 1 is slidably engaged in the limiting vertical groove (18). The lifting block (4) has threaded holes (22) on both sides of its outer wall that pass through the inner protrusion. Bolts (23) are threaded into the threaded holes (22). The lifting block (4) can be manually raised and lowered along the vertical track rod (17) by screwing the bolts (23) on both sides against the inner wall of the limiting vertical groove (18).

6. The teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second lifting block (15) protrudes from the track cavity on one side facing the vertical track rod (17), and both sides of the first lifting block (4) protrude from both sides of the vertical track rod (17) and fit against the protruding parts of the second lifting block (15). The two sides of the protruding parts of the second lifting block (15) are provided with pin holes (19), and the two sides of the first lifting block (4) are also provided with pin holes (20). The pin holes (20) overlap and communicate with the pin holes (19). The two sides of the first lifting block (4) are connected to movable pin rods (21) through the pin holes (20), and the end of the movable pin rod (21) passes through the pin holes (20) and is adapted to be inserted into the pin holes (19).

7. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scale indicator structure of the dual-mode lifting structure includes a vertical scale line (24), a vertical plate (25) and a pointer (26). The vertical outer wall of the vertical rail rods (17) on both sides in the length direction of the metal frame (3) is engraved with a vertical scale line (24). The bottom end of the closed side of the lifting block (4) is fixedly installed with a vertical plate (25), and the bottom end of the vertical plate (25) is fixedly installed with a pointer (26) pointing to the vertical scale line (24). The pointer (26) is always at the same height as the temperature and humidity sensor (11).

8. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning structure between the horizontal rail one (5) and the horizontal sliding slider one (6) is the same as that between the horizontal rail two (7) and the horizontal sliding slider two (8), and the positioning structure includes a limiting horizontal groove (27), a threaded hole two (28) and a bolt part two (29). The horizontal sliding slider one (6) and the horizontal sliding slider two (8) are both U-shaped, and the opening side of the horizontal sliding slider one (6) on the two horizontal rails one (5) faces the front and back sides of the teaching and training greenhouse chamber (1) respectively. The horizontal sliding slider two (8) on the horizontal rail two (7) The opening side of the teaching and training greenhouse chamber (1) faces the top. The top and bottom of the horizontal rail one (5) are provided with limiting horizontal grooves (27). The two sides of the horizontal rail two (7) are provided with limiting horizontal grooves (27). The top and bottom of the interior of the horizontal sliding slider one (6) are both provided with inner protrusion two that slides and engages with the upper limit horizontal groove (27) of the horizontal rail one (5). The two sides of the interior of the horizontal sliding slider two (8) are provided with inner protrusion two that slides and engages with the upper limit horizontal groove (27) of the horizontal rail two (7). The top and bottom of the transverse slider 1 (6) are provided with threaded holes 2 (28) that pass through the inner protrusion 2, and bolts 2 (29) are threaded into the threaded holes 2 (28). The transverse slider 1 (6) can be positioned after sliding along the horizontal rail 1 (5) by twisting the threaded holes 2 (28) on both sides and pressing against the inner wall of the limiting transverse groove (27). The transverse slider two (8) is also provided with threaded holes two (28) through the inner protrusion two on both sides, and bolts two (29) are threaded into the threaded holes two (28). The transverse slider two (8) can be positioned after sliding along the horizontal rail two (7) by twisting the threaded holes two (28) on both sides and pressing against the inner wall of the limiting horizontal groove (27).

9. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scale indication structure between the horizontal rail one (5) and the horizontal slider one (6) is the same as that between the horizontal rail two (7) and the horizontal slider two (8). The scale indication structure two includes a horizontal scale line (30) and a pointer two (31). The horizontal sides of the horizontal rail one (5) on both sides are engraved with the horizontal scale line (30). The pointer two (31) is fixedly installed on the open side of the horizontal slider one (6) and can slide along the length direction of the horizontal rail one (5). The tip of the pointer two (31) points to the horizontal scale line (30). The top of the horizontal rail 2 (7) is engraved with a horizontal scale line (30), and the opening side of the horizontal slider 2 (8) is fixedly installed with a pointer 2 (31) that can slide along the length direction of the horizontal rail 2 (7), and the tip of the pointer 2 (31) points to the horizontal scale line (30).

10. A teaching and training device for temperature and humidity control in facility agriculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor holder structure (10) includes a horizontal base plate (32), a hollow plate (33), a pressing rod (35), a horizontal shaft (37), a sliding block (38), a spring (39), and an elastic element (40). The horizontal base plate (32) is fixedly installed on the free end of the universal ball joint damping connecting shaft (9). Rectangular grooves (36) are respectively opened on both sides of the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate (32), and the horizontal shaft (37) is fixedly installed in the rectangular grooves (36). Slide blocks (38) are slidably sleeved on both sides of the horizontal shaft (37), and slide blocks (38) are slidably engaged with rectangular grooves (36). A spring (39) sleeved on the horizontal shaft (37) is fixedly connected between the slide blocks (38) and the inner wall of the rectangular groove (36). The rectangular grooves (36), slide blocks (38), horizontal shafts (37) and springs (39) are symmetrically distributed about the bottom centerline of the horizontal base plate (32). Both sides of the sliding block (38) are fixedly connected to an integrated hollow plate (33) at the bottom end, and the hollow plates (33) on both sides slide against the bottom outer wall of the horizontal base plate (32). The hollow plates (33) on both sides are symmetrically distributed and their opposite ends are flush with the sliding block (38) at the top and bottom respectively. The hollow plate (33) has a rectangular cavity (34) and the rectangular cavities (34) on opposite sides of the hollow plates (33) are open. Multiple sets of parallel and closely distributed extrusion rods (35) are slidably engaged in the rectangular cavity (34). The two extrusion rods (35) are symmetrical to each other and their ends extend out of the rectangular cavity (34). The ends of the extrusion rods (35) are semi-circular and are fixedly pasted with soft pads (41). The temperature and humidity sensor (11) is snapped between multiple sets of extrusion rods (35) on both sides and compresses the spring (39) to deform. The extrusion rod (35) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the closed end of the rectangular cavity (34) between the middle end side and the inner wall of the rectangular cavity (34), and the elastic element (40) is composed of multiple elastic rings fixedly connected together in a straight line.

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