Calcination system and method for heat treating a substance

Abstract

The present technical solution relates to a calcining system for heat treatment of a substance (12), the system comprising at least one conveying device (14) having a main extension axis (H); the at least one conveying device (14) comprising: at least one heat treatment space (18) which is heated during the heat treatment by a heating device (16); a receiving device (22); a discharge device (24); an endless belt device (26) having an upper running part (28) and a lower running part (30); a housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2) having an upper housing part (34), a lower housing part (36), two side housing parts (38.1, 38.2) and two end housing parts (40). The present technical solution also relates to a method for heat treatment of a substance (12) using a calcining system (10).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following describes a calcination system for heat treatment of materials, particularly clay.

[0002] Furthermore, a method for heat-treating materials (especially clay) using the above-described calcination system is described below. Background Technology

[0003] Calcination is a heat treatment process in the presence of air or oxygen, used for example, ores and other solid materials to achieve thermal decomposition, phase change or separation of volatile components.

[0004] Calcination systems with conveyor belts for calcination may in particular include push bar conveyors. These push bar conveyors include, for example, a permeable belt cover, also known as a bar, in which hot air from the heat treatment space is drawn downwards through the material located on the belt cover, thereby calcining the material.

[0005] The advantage of this technical solution is that uniform heat transfer passes through the entire material layer located on the covering, thereby achieving uniform calcination.

[0006] Document CN112361805A describes a zinc oxide calcining furnace using a chain mesh. The furnace is equipped with a first deflecting roller and a second deflecting roller at the inner end of the furnace body. The chain mesh extends between these deflecting rollers. Gears on one side of the deflecting rollers are connected by a rack and pinion chain driven by a motor. The motor drives the chain mesh, which conveys the material and thus enables the material to be heated and decomposed.

[0007] On the other hand, a drawback is the generation of large amounts of dust through suction or airflow, which must then be cleaned using cyclone separators and filters in a complex process. Additionally, repeated clogging of the ventilation belt cover can lead to operational interruptions or production losses. These downtimes result in economic losses. Furthermore, sufficiently fine particles can fall through the belt cover, requiring laborious removal of dripping material and its return to the process. Moreover, the significant heat loss from the heat treatment space makes this an energy-intensive process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In light of this, the aim is to provide an improved calcination system and an improved method for heat-treating materials. Specifically, dust load should be reduced, energy efficiency improved, and / or the problem of dripping material should be avoided.

[0009] The above objectives are achieved through the features of the main independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. Where technically feasible, the teachings of the dependent claims can be combined with the teachings of the main claim and the dependent claims in any way.

[0010] Specifically, the objective is achieved through a calcination system used for heat treatment of the material: The calcination system includes at least one conveying device having a main extending axis; The at least one conveying device includes: At least one heat treatment space and a cooling space, wherein the heat treatment space is heated by a heating device (particularly from above) and has a heating temperature during heat treatment, and the cooling space is arranged below the heat treatment space (particularly, at least indirectly arranged below the heat treatment space) and has a cooling temperature, wherein the heating temperature is greater than the cooling temperature during heat treatment. The receiving device is designed to receive material and transport the material, at least indirectly, into the heat treatment space; The discharge device is arranged along the main extension axis away from the receiving device and is designed to discharge the heat-treated material from the conveying device. The annular belt device has an upper running section and a lower running section; The running section is capable of moving from the first running transition device to the second running transition device along the main extension axis (i.e., parallel to the main extension axis) in the conveying direction, and the running section is designed to convey the material received by the receiving device and conveyed to the running section for heat treatment in the heat treatment space. The lower running unit is able to move along the main extension axis in the cooling space in association with the upper running unit from the second running transition device to the first running transition device in the return direction, with the return direction being opposite to the conveying direction; The housing system includes an upper housing section, a lower housing section, two side housing sections, and two end housing sections.

[0011] The advantages of the claimed technical solution are explained below, and preferred modified embodiments of the technical solution are further described below. The explanations, particularly regarding the advantages and definitions of the features, are generally descriptive and preferred, but not limiting examples. If the explanation is limiting, it will be explicitly stated.

[0012] In particular, calcination is equivalent to heat treatment, although this is not necessarily the case. However, it can be defined or equated in a combined manner. Therefore, a calcination system can also be an extended heat treatment system, but it can also be limited to pure calcination.

[0013] A calcination system is a system used for calcining materials (especially clay, but it can also be other materials).

[0014] Clay is particularly altered in its physical and chemical properties through calcination, making it suitable for various industrial applications, such as the production of high-quality pozzolanic in the cement industry. Besides clay, which is mentioned as an example above, other substances, such as limestone, bauxite, gypsum, or raw petroleum coke, are also calcined in illustrative ways. During the calcination of limestone, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released to produce calcium oxide, i.e., quicklime. This process occurs at temperatures, for example, between 1050°C and 1350°C. When hydrated minerals (such as bauxite and gypsum) are calcined, the water of crystallization is removed as water vapor. In the calcination of raw petroleum coke, volatile components are decomposed. These substances are transformed into more stable, usable forms or have their volatile components removed, particularly through calcination.

[0015] The specific parameters of the calcination process (including precise temperature and heating duration) can vary depending on the specific type of material and the desired properties of the final product. Therefore, the calcination system may also include devices for monitoring and controlling these parameters to ensure that the calcination process is carried out effectively and efficiently.

[0016] Calcination or heat treatment refers to the process of heating a substance (especially clay) to a high temperature, particularly in the absence of air or under reduced oxygen content, to avoid oxidation that would cause physical and / or chemical changes in the substance. It preferably includes the removal of bound water or other volatile substances and / or the conversion of the substance into a more reactive form.

[0017] Preferably, the calcination system includes a furnace cavity as a heat treatment space and / or a heating device, wherein the material is heated to a temperature sufficient to alter the crystal structure of the material and transform it into a material suitable as a starting material for various industrial applications.

[0018] Conveying devices specifically refer to devices for transporting materials (such as clay) to be calcined in a shell system on an annular belt conveyor from a receiving device to a discharging device along the main extension axis, thereby subjecting the materials to heat treatment in a heat treatment space during this transport. These conveying devices can have various shapes and sizes depending on the specific requirements of the calcination process and the selection of the material to be calcined.

[0019] Such conveying devices are specifically designed to move and / or allow movement of materials during the calcination process to ensure uniform heat treatment.

[0020] The design of the conveying device can vary; as an example, the conveying device includes elements such as conveyor belts, screw conveyors, bucket elevators, or pneumatic conveying systems. The aforementioned conveying systems are specifically designed to efficiently and safely transport materials through the heat treatment space, and preferably also include mechanisms for controlling the quantity and speed of material supply.

[0021] The conveying device is also specifically designed to allow the material to move continuously through the heat treatment space, preferably ensuring that all parts of the material are heated uniformly. This helps to ensure uniform calcination and avoid hot spots or uneven heating.

[0022] In addition, the conveying device may include safety systems to minimize the risk of accidents or damage during heat treatment. These safety systems may include, for example, emergency stop switches, protective covers, and / or other safety features.

[0023] Similarly, the conveying device may also include mechanisms for controlling the speed of the material's movement to control the duration of the heat treatment. This can be advantageous when the material to be calcined has specific heat treatment requirements.

[0024] Exemplary heating devices may be infrared heaters, resistance heating elements, non-ceramic gas burners, ceramic gas burners, or even solid fuel burners. These devices are particularly capable of creating controlled environments for heating materials and for carrying out chemical reactions. These heating devices are preferably designed to heat the material during its continuous movement through the heat treatment space to ensure that the material is heated as thoroughly as possible. This is particularly important for ensuring uniform calcination and avoiding uneven (i.e., inconsistent) heating of the material.

[0025] In addition, the heating device may include corresponding mechanisms for controlling or adjusting the heating temperature, duration, and / or distance from the material to meet the specific requirements of the calcination process. This may be particularly important when the material to be calcined has specific heat treatment requirements.

[0026] The heat treatment space is at least an area in which a material is at least partially (preferably, completely) heat-treated by a heating device. A cooling space is located below the heat treatment space. This is particularly true because the running portion of the annular belt assembly exposed to the material to be heat-treated is guided within the heat treatment space, while the lower running portion of the annular belt assembly returns in the cooling area after the heat-treated material is discharged, allowing the components of the annular belt assembly to cool down before being redirected into or through the heat treatment space, thus enabling the heat treatment of additional materials.

[0027] The heating temperature is specifically the temperature at which the material is subjected to heat treatment or calcination during the heat treatment or calcination process.

[0028] Cooling temperature is specifically the temperature at which the components of the annular belt assembly are exposed to cool down after heat treatment or before the next heat treatment, thereby increasing the service life of the annular belt assembly, especially the service life of the components carried by the annular belt assembly.

[0029] During heat treatment, the heating temperature is higher than the cooling temperature.

[0030] The receiving device can be designed as a chute, but it can also be designed in other ways, such as as a hollow body of any size that carries the material. The receiving device is the component that supplies material to a corresponding conveying device, thereby subjecting the material to heat treatment or calcination in a heat treatment space. Specifically, the material is transferred directly or indirectly from the receiving device to an annular belt device, and particularly, by means of an annular belt device, to the heat treatment space.

[0031] The discharge device can be designed as a chute, but it can also be designed in other ways, such as as a hollow body of any size that carries the material. The discharge device is the component that discharges the heat-treated material from the conveying device. This can be achieved, for example, but not limited to, by conveying the material directly or indirectly from the running section to the discharge device after heat treatment to remove the material from the conveying device.

[0032] If multiple conveying devices are connected to each other for multi-stage heat treatment, the receiving and discharging devices can be designed as components or units. In this case, the material heat-treated in the first conveying device is discharged from the first conveying device and enters the discharging device of the first conveying device for this purpose. This discharging device serves as a receiving device for the second conveying device for further heat treatment. During this process, the material is mixed so that it is arranged differently on the annular belt device of the second conveying device during the second heat treatment, thereby enabling uniform heat treatment.

[0033] In the context of calcination, an annular belt device specifically refers to a device used to convey materials (such as clay) to be calcined or heat-treated along its main extension axis within the heat treatment space of a conveying device. These annular belt devices are specifically designed to move the material during the calcination process to ensure heat treatment.

[0034] The annular belt conveyor consists of an upper running section and a lower running section. The upper running section is the part of the annular belt conveyor that carries and guides the material through the heat treatment space. The lower running section is the part of the annular belt conveyor that returns the heat-treated material to the cooling space after it has been discharged.

[0035] An exemplary loop belt device could be a conveyor belt or a chain conveyor. Other designs are also possible.

[0036] The upper running part moves in the conveying direction, and the lower running part moves in the return direction opposite to the conveying direction.

[0037] The preferred transition device is a mechanism on the conveyor, at which the belt changes from the conveying phase (i.e., the upper running section) to the return phase (i.e., the lower running section), or vice versa. These devices can consist of, for example, rollers, wheels, drums, or similar mechanisms that steer the annular belt assembly and facilitate the transition between the two running sections. The transition devices are designed to ensure smooth and efficient operation of the conveyor while minimizing the load on the annular belt assembly to extend its service life. In particular, they can withstand thermal loads within a heating temperature range.

[0038] The shell system in the conveying device (especially in the context of calcination) is specifically used to surround the material to be calcined during the process, retain heat within the system, and / or prevent unwanted gas flow. This preferably results in air isolation. Oxygen promotes oxidation, for example, to Fe2O3, and thus, for example, causes undesirable discoloration in calcined clay. The composition of the shell system is named based on the exemplary cuboid shape, but other geometries of the shell system are also possible and covered by the scope of protection, such as round or cigar-shaped shapes or other shapes, in which case those skilled in the art will then identify shapes that approximate the cuboid shape and allocate or divide the shell portions accordingly. Regardless of other characteristics, each shell portion may be formed by a single shell portion or two or more shell portions (especially sub-shell portions).

[0039] The upper housing portion is specifically the upper part of the housing system, which serves to retain heat within the conveying device and prevent heat from escaping upwards. For example, an outer shell may be attached to the upper housing portion. The upper housing portion may preferably include recesses for the outer shell, such that, for example, the outer shell is not partially or completely inserted into the upper housing portion. The upper housing portion may include a heat treatment space gas flow system for gas exchange in the heat treatment space.

[0040] The lower shell section is specifically the lower part of the shell system, which is used to control the cooling of the rollers and traction mechanism attached to the material carrier during their return in the lower running section after the upper running section has passed through the heat treatment space. Preferably, the lower shell section is also as airtight as possible to prevent unwanted airflow from the cooler lower shell section to the warmer upper shell section due to density differences, as this would result in a "chimney effect," where excessive air is drawn into the heat treatment space. However, the lower shell section may also be mounted on other structural elements, such as frames or legs, but is preferably also enclosed towards the floor.

[0041] The side shell portion is a lateral part of the shell system, used to retain heat within the conveying device and prevent heat from escaping laterally or to prevent cooler ambient air from being drawn into the shell system. At least one side shell portion may include a heat treatment space gas flow system for gas exchange in the heat treatment space. Preferably, at least two side shell portions are present. In the case of a conveying device with a polygonal cross-section, two or more lower shell portions may also extend between the upper and lower shell portions.

[0042] The end housing portions are the front and rear sections of the housing system, used to retain heat inside the conveying device and prevent it from escaping forward or backward. Preferably, at least two end housing portions are present. In the case of a conveying device with a polygonal longitudinal cross-section, two or more end housing portions may also extend between the upper and lower housing portions.

[0043] These components are typically made of highly insulating materials to ensure effective thermal insulation. They may also include additional features, such as seals or insulating layers, to further improve thermal insulation.

[0044] In particular, the conveying device is essentially cuboid in shape. In this document, the expression "essentially" means that deviations from the cuboid shape are also possible, for example, for use with other components, without deviating from the cuboid shape.

[0045] As already mentioned, it is also possible that these shell parts join together, so that they geometrically form a shell system with curves, for example, in a cylindrical or spherical shape. Polygonal shapes are also feasible.

[0046] The conveying elements (e.g., annular belt assembly, annular belt motion mechanism, rollers and / or traction mechanism (e.g., chain)) are preferably all arranged within an enclosed conveyor belt assembly, such that the conveying portion in the upper running section and the empty portion in the lower running section are at least thermally separated into a heat treatment space and a cooling space, so that certain conveying elements (especially the annular belt assembly) can be cooled during empty operation, so that the overall temperature load acting on the conveying elements is kept below a critical level.

[0047] If the calcination system comprises only a single conveying device, then the conveying device may preferably be equivalent to the calcination system. Alternatively, the calcination system may also comprise multiple conveying devices, which are arranged sequentially, for example, in a cascaded manner relative to each other. A cascaded manner (also called a cascaded configuration) here means that the material undergoes several heat treatment processes, such that after each heat treatment, in each case the material is transferred from the first or preceding conveying device to at least one additional conveying device for the next heat treatment. The heat treatments may, for example, be carried out with the same or different parameters and means.

[0048] According to the modified embodiment, the annular belt device is designed to be substantially closed during heat treatment. The annular belt device is preferably designed as a material carrier consisting of segments arranged continuously, particularly preferably overlapping, without gaps between them during heat treatment. Meanwhile, the calcination system includes a material mixing system designed to mix the materials. By way of example, and not limitation, the material mixing system may include at least two, three, four, or more conveying devices in cascaded form. Optionally or additionally, the material mixing system may include, for example, a circulation system, particularly including at least one or more roller devices, one or more turning mechanisms, and / or one or more homogenizing devices.

[0049] Mixing can occur during heat treatment, for example, using a circulating system, and / or between two heat treatments; for example, during cascaded transfer of materials from one conveyor to the next.

[0050] "A substantially closed annular belt assembly" is understood herein to mean that the annular belt assembly has substantially no openings. "Substantially no openings" here means that small recesses in the sense of openings or gaps correspond to closed features, for example, to guide the annular belt assembly formed by the sections around a running transition device. The term "substantially closed" specifically refers to the fact that the annular belt assembly has substantially no openings, gaps, or other recesses larger than ±5 mm, preferably ±3 mm, and particularly preferably ±1 mm along its entire length. This tolerance is advantageous for the annular belt assembly to function as a closed unit without significant heat or material loss, while taking into account the technical necessity of transition points or connecting areas. "Substantially closed" also specifically means that the sections of the annular belt assembly are tightly joined together during heat treatment, such that no permeable gaps are formed. Small openings or gaps required for design reasons to ensure the mobility of the annular belt assembly around the running transition device or due to thermal expansion are permitted only within specified tolerances. It is well known that rigid annular belt assemblies cannot be guided around running transition devices. Another option for a closed annular belt device is one with small recesses, but not in the form of a mesh or pattern; rather, these recesses are dispersed (particularly due to design considerations) so that material does not fall through these recesses as dripping material with an average diameter greater than or equal to ten millimeters (particularly greater than or equal to six millimeters). According to this aspect, the annular belt device is therefore not designed as a chain mesh and is designed to be airtight, especially in the area carrying the material. Closed, continuous sections are generally the preferred embodiment.

[0051] Optionally or additionally, the carrier structure of the load-bearing section has a substantially closed, particularly airtight, structure.

[0052] This embodiment illustrates a modified calcination method compared to a push-type grid conveyor. Instead of passing hot air through a permeable belt cover (which would lead to the problems mentioned at the beginning), the proposed design avoids ventilation. This reduces dust contamination. The fact that no hot air is extracted from the heat treatment space also improves the energy efficiency of the proposed calcination system. Furthermore, the essentially enclosed design of the annular belt device reduces the problem of dripping material. Uniform calcination or heat treatment is achieved through a material mixing system in the current case, compared to hot air ventilation.

[0053] One advantage of a substantially closed annular belt conveyor over an open one (such as a chain mesh conveyor as described in the prior art) is the precise limitation of the heat treatment space. While in the case of a chain mesh conveyor, there is a uniform temperature distribution throughout the conveyor (leading to calcination from both above and below), a closed annular belt conveyor allows for targeted heating of the material only from above, and sufficient heating for calcination. This targeted heating is particularly advantageous because it enables controlled heat treatment, minimizing heat loss at the bottom and reducing energy consumption. To ensure uniform heating of the material, a material mixing system is used. Even if the heat supplied from below is insufficient, this mixing system ensures uniform heating of the material by mixing it. This achieves consistent calcination, thereby improving process quality and efficiency.

[0054] According to an exemplary design, a closed annular belt device can be equivalent to an annular belt device having sections that are at least partially (preferably, completely) adjacent (preferably overlapping) to each other, both in the upper running section and preferably also in the lower running section. Whether these sections are designed to be adjacent or overlapping, they are designed so that these sections do not collide destructively with each other during operation of the annular belt device. This means, for example, that they will not collide with each other in the area of ​​the running transition device. In particular, "adjacent" will be understood as having no gaps.

[0055] In other words, the enclosed design of the annular belt conveyor allows the material to be heated, thus reducing the dust load in the calcination system compared to a push bar conveyor and eliminating the effects of suction. Furthermore, virtually no material drips through any bar, reducing heat loss. Since push bar conveyors do not require mixing due to the system-related uniform calcination, material mixing systems have not been established to date. However, since air is not drawn through the material bed, resulting in uneven heating of the material, the use of material mixing systems has proven advantageous. Therefore, the enclosed design promotes thermal insulation of the heat treatment space and facilitates uniform calcination through material mixing, as no material drips from the annular belt conveyor.

[0056] The material carrier of the annular belt device can also be applied independently of other features, consisting of a combination of features consisting of segments arranged continuously in a manner that do not have gaps (particularly preferably overlap) between the segments during heat treatment.

[0057] According to the modified embodiment, the upper housing portion, the lower housing portion, and the two side housing portions form a substantially closed profile, particularly a rectangular profile, in cross-section relative to the main extension axis.

[0058] Preferably, the conveying device includes at least one or more air-sealing mechanisms, particularly one or more rotary valves. At least one air-sealing mechanism is designed to thermally insulate the receiving device and / or discharging device from its surrounding environment, particularly in an adjustable manner.

[0059] Optionally or additionally, preferably, the heat treatment space is adjacent to the upper housing portion, and / or the cooling space is adjacent to the lower housing portion. This allows for optimal design of the conveying device even under harsh environmental conditions. For example, in the case of a rectangular profile, the heat treatment space can always be located at the top, allowing material to be directly introduced into the heat treatment space via the upper housing portion or the outer shell connected thereto.

[0060] "Closed profile in cross-section" is specifically understood to mean that the conveying device, particularly at the top, bottom, left, and right sides, essentially does not have open walls extending longitudinally (i.e., all extending along the main extension axis). "Essentially not having open walls" specifically means the absence of technically unnecessary openings or passages, especially those leading to unreasonable heat flow. For example, design-related openings (such as openings for threaded connections) may still fall within the scope of the corresponding feature's wording. Similarly, openings for valves used for desired gas inlet and / or gas outlet may also fall within the scope of the corresponding feature's wording, as may other design-related openings or passages.

[0061] The preferred cross-sectional profile is rectangular. However, other cross-sections are also possible, such as polygonal, circular, oval, or elliptical shapes. Furthermore, the smallest deviation shape relative to the corresponding profile can be interpreted as the corresponding profile; for example, a rectangle with a wavy structure can be interpreted as a rectangle, thus preferably a complete rectangle is defined as a rectangle. This also applies to other cross-sectional profiles.

[0062] This wording essentially refers specifically to the fact that deviations may exist within a closed profile, for example, rather than in a restrictive manner, in the form of a receiving device in the upper housing portion or a discharge device in the lower housing portion, each representing an opening. It is also possible that longitudinal gaps exist in one or more housing portions. Therefore, a small degree of thermal bridging is permissible, wherein thermal bridging is particularly preferred to be absent.

[0063] The conveying device includes at least one air-sealing mechanism designed to thermally insulate the receiving and / or discharging devices from their surrounding environment, and thus thermally insulate at least a portion (preferably the entire conveying device) from its surrounding environment, particularly in an adjustable manner. This means that the air-sealing mechanism can be set to open or closed on the one hand, and the supply or discharge of material can be controlled on the other.

[0064] At least one air-sealing mechanism is specifically one or more rotary valves. A rotary valve is a device, for example, used for dispensing, supplying, or discharging substances (particulate, powdered, and / or granular substances). It operates based on the principle of volumetric conveying. The rotary valve operates based on a rotor with a number of rotor blades that rotate within a suitably designed housing. Each rotor unit draws in the corresponding substance below an inlet opening, and the substance drops off at an outlet. This results in continuous volumetric conveying. In the present case, the rotary valve can also be used, for example, as an air-sealing mechanism. It can help thermally insulate the receiving and / or discharging devices from their surrounding environment and, depending on its operation, reduce dust formation. In particular, the rotary valve can also be adjustable. Furthermore, the rotary valve can help regulate the supply of substance within the system and ensure efficient and continuous delivery of the substance.

[0065] According to a modified embodiment, at least one conveying device includes at least one thermal separation layer system along a main extension axis between the heat treatment space and the cooling space. Specifically, the thermal separation layer system is substantially continuous, i.e., it is substantially closed along the main extension axis.

[0066] Preferably, the thermal separation layer system is formed of at least an running section and / or an insulating surface structure.

[0067] Therefore, the thermal separation system specifically separates the heat treatment space and the cooling space from each other, and preferably, an intermediate space is also arranged between the first two spaces. The term "substantially continuous" specifically refers to the fact that the thermal separation system extends almost continuously along the entire main extension axis, allowing for small gaps or openings with tolerances of up to ±10 mm (preferably ±8 mm, particularly preferably ±4 mm). These tolerances help ensure that the system remains functional and minimizes heat transfer between spaces, while taking into account the technical necessity of transition points or connecting areas. These gaps are necessary for design reasons to ensure the mobility and functionality of the conveying device, especially at transition points or in events of material thermal expansion. The thermal separation system allows the lower running section to cool down during periods of no material transport or during return to receive new material and transport it through the heat treatment space, thereby increasing the overall durability of the annular belt assembly.

[0068] The fact that the thermal separation layer system is specifically designed to be substantially continuous or to extend substantially closed along the main extension axis means that, if technically suitable or necessary, it may have gaps or other recesses in several locations, such as in the transition region from the upper running section to the lower running section and / or at the joints of the continuous panels of the thermal separation layer system, for example, due to design reasons. Therefore, a small number of thermal bridges (especially those that are difficult or impossible to avoid by design) are permissible, and particularly preferably, no thermal bridges are present.

[0069] If the thermal separation layer system is formed, for example, at least by the running section, this is a cost-effective design option that also reduces the need for additional components.

[0070] If the thermal separation layer system is formed, for example, at least by an insulating surface structure, then the insulating surface structure may be made of, for example, a thermally insulating material.

[0071] Various materials can be considered as insulation materials. Examples include, but are not limited to, mineral wool, calcium silicate, mineral foam, lava rock, materials with similar properties, or mixtures of these materials. Mineral wool provides good insulation and is an excellent material for thermal insulation. Calcium silicate, composed of lime, quartz, water, and so-called pore-forming agents, has also proven to be a suitable insulation material. Mineral foam, composed of quartz, lime, and water, can be used as a suitable insulation material. Lava rock that has been crushed, briefly heated, and thus expanded can also be used as a suitable insulation material.

[0072] A thermal separation layer system can also be formed from multiple system components.

[0073] For example, a thermal separation layer system may also be formed from an running section and an insulating surface structure and / or other system units.

[0074] According to the modified embodiment, the insulating surface structure is envisioned to extend along the main extension axis and be substantially planar, arc-shaped, or triangular arch-shaped with a projected vertex transverse to the main extension axis. "Substantially" here preferably means that the main projected extension is critical. For example, a conventional corrugated sheet metal with a flat main projected extension can be understood as planar. The same applies to corrugated sheets extending along arc-shaped or triangular arch-shaped forms. The main projected extension is essentially a main plane that follows the corresponding main shape and averages out any deviations. The planar shape described above can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed as a cuboid. A planar insulating surface structure transverse to the main extension axis can then, for example, appear as a line with material thickness. The aforementioned arc shape can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed as a hollow cylinder with its longitudinal section halved. A curved insulating surface structure transverse to the main extension axis can then, for example, appear as a semicircle or something similar with material thickness. The triangular arch shape described above can, for example, be formed by an insulating surface structure designed with two planes that intersect at an angle in a mating joint. The insulating surface structure, which is designed in a triangular arch shape transverse to the main extension axis, can thus appear, for example, as an open triangle or an incomplete triangle with material thickness.

[0075] Preferably, the triangular arch shape is designed such that the projection vertex is oriented towards the upper shell portion. A similar approach is preferably applied to an arc shape.

[0076] Optionally or additionally, the insulating surface structure is preferably designed to open to either of the two side housing portions or to the lower housing portion, so as to substantially enclose the cooling space together with the lower housing portion. “Substantially enclose” specifically means that small gaps or other openings may exist for design reasons, such as for threaded connections, to connect the insulating surface structure to the two side housing portions or the lower housing portion.

[0077] The insulating surface structure designed as a planar surface specifically includes a primary longitudinal extension axis and a primary transverse extension axis, as well as secondary depth extension axes. A non-limiting example is a sheet metal plate.

[0078] Specifically, the insulating surface structure designed in a triangular arch shape can be a curved surface (particularly an upwardly projecting curved surface), or, in the case of a triangular arch shape with a projected vertex, two intersecting planes at the projected vertex. While a plane is a simpler structural solution, the triangular arch shape surprisingly results in a particularly advantageous heat distribution for the protective annular belt device. Preferably, the central region of the triangular arch shape faces upward. In particular, the proposed insulating surface structure is a mechanism for improving energy efficiency.

[0079] The insulating surface structure is preferably designed to open to either of the two side housing portions or to the lower housing portion, so as to substantially enclose the cooling space together with the lower housing portion. This separates the lower operating section from the heat treatment space, thus further protecting the lower operating section and further improving energy efficiency.

[0080] According to the modified embodiment, at least one conveying device includes a housing arranged on the upper housing portion and extending along the main extension axis to substantially surround the heat treatment space together with the running gear. "Substantially surround" means, for example, that design-related gaps or other recesses may exist to ensure the mobility of the annular belt device without friction against the housing or other components. The term "substantially surround" specifically means that the heat treatment space is almost completely surrounded by the housing and the running gear, where small gaps, openings, or recesses (particularly within tolerances of ±15 mm at most, preferably ±10 mm, and particularly preferably ±5 mm) are acceptable, provided they do not significantly affect or have an acceptable impact on the thermal efficiency or function of the system. These gaps may be necessary for design reasons or, for example, to prevent friction between the housing and the running gear. This ensures that the housing effectively protects the material and that heat is retained within the heat treatment space without impairing the mobility and function of the conveying device. For example, gaps may exist between the fixed vertical web of the housing and the movable traction mechanism, or between the fixed vertical web of the housing and the movable vertical plate of the running gear.

[0081] For heating devices, it is preferable that they are located in the housing, particularly inside and at the top.

[0082] Optionally or preferably, the housing has a smaller distance in the direction transverse to the main extension axis than the upper housing portion, both internally and / or externally.

[0083] By employing a preferred design in which the outer casing has a smaller extension in the direction transverse to the main extension axis than the upper casing portion, the volume to be heated is reduced compared to an embodiment without an outer casing.

[0084] Compared to embodiments without an enclosure, this design allows for controlled heating (particularly in a smaller volume), making it optimally controllable, and while the additional enclosure may incur additional costs, it remains energy-efficient and is a more advantageous embodiment in the long run.

[0085] The preferred design, where the outer shell has a smaller distance in the direction transverse to the main extension axis than the upper shell portion, offers the following advantages: it reduces the heat treatment space and eliminates the need to heat the entire conveying unit as is common in existing technologies. This means the conveying unit is ready to operate more quickly, enabling faster calcination. Simultaneously, energy consumption is reduced in the long run due to the smaller volume of space required to permanently maintain heat. This not only saves on electricity and costs but also protects the environment. Furthermore, this design opens up the possibility of more effectively using new heating technologies that might previously be considered inefficient. Overall, these advantages contribute to more precise temperature control and improved calcination quality.

[0086] According to a modified embodiment, at least one conveying device includes an intermediate space with an intermediate temperature located between an upper heat treatment space and a lower cooling space. The intermediate temperature during heat treatment is a value between the heating temperature and the cooling temperature.

[0087] Preferably, at least one conveying device includes at least a first space separating device and a second space separating device, wherein the first space separating device separates the upper heat treatment space from the middle space, and wherein the second space separating device separates the lower cooling space from the middle space.

[0088] Particularly preferably, the calcination system is a calcination system designed entirely or at least partially with the features currently disclosed. If this preferred design is implemented, the thermal separation layer system includes at least two spatial separation devices, wherein the running portion is preferably a first spatial separation device, and the insulating surface structure is preferably a second spatial separation device.

[0089] The intermediate space with a moderate temperature allows for a more controlled separation between the upper heat treatment space and the lower cooling space, as well as between their temperatures. This improves the energy efficiency of the conveyor and simultaneously increases the durability of the annular belt system due to the more controlled cooling temperature. Furthermore, the dust load in the conveyor below the heat treatment space is further reduced.

[0090] Preferably, at least one conveying device includes at least a first space partition and a second space partition. The space partition is specifically any construction that separates or defines the boundaries of the heat treatment space, the intermediate space, and / or the cooling space from each other.

[0091] Preferably, the first space separation device separates the upper heat treatment space from the middle space, and the second space separation device separates the lower cooling space from the middle space.

[0092] In particular, and independently of other features, the intermediate space may include air exchange mechanisms, such as for supplying cooling air and / or discharging hot air. These air exchange mechanisms may be arranged on one or both side housing portions and / or on the upper housing portion, and optional or additional arrangement positions are also possible.

[0093] Particularly preferred is that the thermal separation layer system includes at least two spatial separation devices, wherein, in particular, the running section is the first spatial separation device and the insulating surface structure is the second spatial separation device. Specifically, the running section performs two functions herein, enabling a particularly compact and cost-optimized design of the conveyor, and thus improving the durability of the annular belt assembly.

[0094] According to the modified embodiment, the annular belt device includes a support structure, a carrier structure, and a material carrier.

[0095] The support structure is mounted on the housing system at least indirectly (e.g., via crossbeams), and in particular on the two side housing sections.

[0096] The carrier structure includes an annular belt motion mechanism. These annular belt motion mechanisms preferably include rollers and / or traction mechanisms (particularly preferably including chain mechanisms), wherein the annular belt motion mechanism is designed to cause the carrier structure to move along the support structure.

[0097] The material carrier is designed to transport material for heat treatment in the heat treatment space. The material carrier is connected to the carrier structure.

[0098] Preferably, the material carrier consists of segments arranged continuously without gaps between the segments during heat treatment, and particularly preferably arranged in an overlapping manner.

[0099] The support structure is mounted on the shell system at least indirectly (e.g., via a crossbeam). In particular, the support structure is mounted on both side shell sections.

[0100] However, the support structure can also be directly mounted on the shell system, specifically on the two side shell sections.

[0101] As already mentioned, the annular belt device includes a carrier structure with an annular belt motion mechanism. The annular belt motion mechanism is preferably a roller and / or a traction mechanism, particularly preferably a chain mechanism. The annular belt motion mechanism is designed to cause the carrier structure to move along a support structure. The carrier structure may particularly include thermally insulating material to achieve high energy efficiency while enabling a compact design of the conveyor.

[0102] The annular belt device also includes a material carrier designed to transport material for heat treatment within a heat treatment space, and the material carrier is connected to a carrier structure. While the material carrier is designed, for example, to transport and expose the material to heat treatment in the most feasible manner, the carrier structure may be designed to robustly guide the material carrier and / or form a thermal barrier, thereby keeping the heat treatment space as isolated as possible.

[0103] Thermal barriers can be achieved, for example, through a material carrier, through a carrier structure, or through both components.

[0104] Preferably, the material carrier consists of segments arranged continuously, with no gaps between them during heat treatment, and particularly preferably overlapping. This gapless design prevents material from clogging between segments or falling through them. The gapless (especially overlapping) arrangement also acts as a thermal barrier, while simultaneously providing further protection against abrasion and corrosion, thereby also preventing material from clogging between segments or falling through them.

[0105] The material carrier of the annular belt device, consisting of segments arranged continuously (particularly preferably overlapping) without gaps between them during heat treatment, can also be applied independently of other features. This also applies to the closed design of the carrier structure. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, materials can be heated in a more dust-free manner, without dripping, and with reduced heat loss.

[0106] According to the modified embodiment, the material carrier includes at least one segment having a material-containing shape. In particular, the material-containing shape is substantially formed in a U-shape.

[0107] The material container shape includes a horizontally extending carrier platform and two vertically extending vertical plates. The carrier platform has two lateral longitudinal edges parallel to the main extension axis, and the vertical plates are each arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges.

[0108] The carrier platform includes a series of stepped sections, preferably, each segment includes at least one stepped section, each stepped section extending substantially transversely to the main extension axis.

[0109] Preferably, each section with a stepped portion has an upper height level and a lower height level, wherein the upper height level is located at the front in the conveying direction.

[0110] In addition, the carrier platform includes continuous protrusions, preferably, each vertical plate of each segment includes at least one protrusion, each protrusion extending substantially transversely to the main extension axis.

[0111] The material carrier comprises one or more segments, each segment having a material-containing shape. In particular, the material-containing shape is substantially U-shaped. The U-shape should not be construed as a strict limitation. Rather, the containing shape should be understood generally, where a literal U-shape is at most a particularly preferred embodiment. The U-shape can be circular, or may include angles between the legs. Similar shapes, such as V-shapes, are also included.

[0112] In other words, "essentially U-shaped" means that the material container shape (especially the U-shape) can deviate slightly from the standard container shape. The statement "essentially U-shaped" refers to the fact that the basic structure of the material container shape corresponds to a U-shape, where deviations in angular position and radius are allowed within a maximum tolerance of ±5 mm, preferably ±2 mm, and particularly preferably ±1 mm. This shape allows the material to be securely held and conveyed, while allowing a degree of flexibility in manufacturing and assembly. However, it is essential that the material be contained within and conveyed within the material container shape. The U-shape of the material container shape particularly ensures that the material is securely held during the conveying process. The U-shape can be designed so that the material does not fall out of the material container shape when the conveyor is in a horizontal or inclined position. Therefore, as long as the function of containing and safely conveying the material is guaranteed, it is permissible in the design of the U-shape not to compromise the tolerance for secure holding of the material.

[0113] The material containment shape includes a horizontally extending carrier platform with two lateral longitudinal edges parallel to the main extension axis, such that it can be described as an approximate U-shape with three mutually orthogonal legs. The material is carried by the carrier platform, ensuring that it remains within the material containment shape and does not fall downwards and damage system components.

[0114] According to an exemplary embodiment, the carrier platform includes continuous stepped portions, wherein preferably each segment includes at least one stepped portion. One or more stepped portions can act as a drag force, for example in an inclined annular belt device, preventing undesirable slippage of material. Each stepped portion extends substantially transversely to the main extension axis horizontally. Due to this shape, optimized drag can be achieved, thereby preventing material slippage.

[0115] To achieve this effect in an optimized manner, each section with a stepped portion preferably has an upper height level and a lower height level, wherein the upper height level is located at the front in the conveying direction.

[0116] The material container shape comprises two vertically extending plates, each positioned at one of the two longitudinal edges. The material is restrained by the vertical plates, thus keeping it within the material container shape and preventing it from falling downwards and damaging the components.

[0117] The carrier platform includes continuous protrusions. Preferably, for this purpose, each vertical plate in each section is provided with at least one protrusion.

[0118] Each protrusion extends primarily transversely to the vertical axis of the main extension. This shape enables optimized drag, thereby preventing undesirable material slippage.

[0119] "Substantially transverse to the main extension axis," particularly in the above description, means that the shape-related resistance function of the carrier platform carrying the material is preserved, for example, on a ramp. The statement "substantially transverse to the main extension axis" specifically means that the alignment of the steps and protrusions relative to the main extension axis varies within a tolerance range of ±5 degrees, preferably ±3 degrees, and particularly preferably ±2 degrees. This ensures that the steps and protrusions optimally perform their resistance function by reliably holding the material on the carrier platform and preventing it from slipping off. Particularly preferably, the deviation relative to the transverse axis does not exceed ten degrees to ensure the required conveying capacity. Preferably, this angle deviation relative to the corresponding transverse axis does not exceed 20 degrees and includes 20 degrees, particularly preferably not exceeding 10 degrees and includes 10 degrees. Particularly preferred is that there is no deviation relative to the corresponding transverse axis. This preferably makes the steps or protrusions suitable for holding the conveyed material and prevents the material from sliding along the steps due to improperly designed steps.

[0120] Optionally, the horizontally extending steps and the vertically extending protrusions may intersect at one or more points, i.e., be on the same level along the main extension axis. Optionally, one or more steps and one or more protrusions may also be arranged offset from each other along the main extension axis. Mixed forms of these forms may also be provided.

[0121] Regardless of the aforementioned features, one or more steps on the carrier platform (particularly on sections) can be designed as protruding structures, such as raised sections. This means that there exists a substantially constant plane, for example, a plane shape deviation that may be irrelevant to material transport, which is partially interrupted by the protruding steps. Optionally, the steps can also connect two planes at different heights. These features can also be combined, i.e., as a protruding design connecting two planes. It is possible that all steps are designed according to only one of the above designs or according to a variety of the above designs. Other designs are also feasible.

[0122] Regardless of the aforementioned features, protrusions on the vertical plates of the carrier platform (especially protrusions on the vertical plates of sections) can be designed as protruding structures, such as raised sections. This means that there exists a substantially constant plane, for example, a plane shape deviation that may be irrelevant to material transport, which is partially interrupted by the protruding protrusion. Optionally, the protrusion can also connect two planes at different heights. These features can also be combined, i.e., combined into a protruding design connecting two planes. It is possible that all protrusions are designed according to only one of the above designs or according to a variety of the above designs. Other designs are also feasible.

[0123] In particular, the material carrier can be threaded onto the carrier structure as a unit carrier, whereby the carrier structure is preferably composed of two sheet metal units arranged at a certain distance from each other by vertical ribs.

[0124] The air gap formed between the two sheet metal units reduces thermal conductivity, thereby reducing heat transfer to the annular belt motion mechanism, preferably to the traction mechanism, and particularly preferably to the chain.

[0125] The annular belt motion mechanism (preferably a traction mechanism, particularly preferably a chain element) can be threaded onto the lower sheet metal unit, and the roller can be installed between the two sheet metal units.

[0126] The annular belt motion mechanism (preferably a traction mechanism, particularly preferably a chain) is thus arranged to be laterally offset relative to the material carrier, and therefore also laterally offset relative to the heat treatment space.

[0127] Preferably, the horizontal distance between the annular belt motion mechanisms (preferably between traction mechanisms, particularly preferably between chains) relative to the material carrier at the closest edges to each other is at least 80 mm and includes 80 mm, preferably at least 120 mm and includes 120 mm, and / or at most 180 mm and includes 180 mm, preferably at most 120 mm and includes 120 mm.

[0128] According to the modified embodiment, the outer shell is designed to open toward the material carrier and includes a receiving shape associated with the vertical plate and two vertical webs.

[0129] Therefore, preferably, the vertical plates and vertical webs do not interfere with each other during operation of the annular belt device. For example, the housing includes a long left vertical web and a long right vertical web, both of which are specifically stationary. The corresponding movable left and right vertical plates move along each vertical web.

[0130] Preferably, the vertical plate and the vertical web are designed such that their horizontal distance is chosen so that they do not collide with each other during heat treatment and that heat dissipation is minimized due to the gap.

[0131] Optionally or additionally, preferably, the vertical plates and vertical webs are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

[0132] Because the outer shell is designed to be open toward the material carrier, and the vertical plates of the material carrier are designed in relation to the vertical webs of the outer shell, the material carrier forms the lower base of the outer shell, but is movable along the main extension axis. In other words, the heat treatment space is thus enclosed. The following facts allow the outer shell to be as close as possible to a closed and thermally insulated cuboid, yet the shell contains and can transport the material: the horizontal distance between the vertical plates and the vertical webs is chosen such that they do not collide with each other during heat treatment, and heat dissipation is minimized due to the gap. In other words, the chimney effect is reduced. This advantage is further enhanced when the vertical plates and the vertical webs are arranged substantially parallel to each other. “Substantially parallel” specifically means that the components are designed so that the material carrier does not rub against the outer shell during its movement, while preferably avoiding excessive thermal bridges, i.e., thermal bridges exceeding the required level due to design. The term “substantially parallel” specifically refers to the distance between the vertical plates and the vertical webs varying within a specified tolerance (preferably a maximum of 10 mm) along their entire length. This tolerance ensures that there is neither contact nor significant heat transfer between the vertical plate and the vertical web during the movement of the material carrier. Specifically, "substantially parallel" also means that the vertical plate and the vertical web are arranged along their entire longitudinal length such that they do not approach or contact each other, thus preventing friction between the components. Maintaining a certain distance at all times ensures the mechanical integrity and thermal efficiency of the system. In particular, the components are precisely parallel to each other.

[0133] According to the modified embodiment, the annular belt motion mechanism is arranged vertically below the heat treatment space and is offset horizontally outward relative to the heat treatment space by a horizontal distance from the main extension axis.

[0134] Preferably, the horizontal distance of each annular belt motion mechanism offset relative to the heat treatment space corresponds at least to the length of the corresponding annular belt motion mechanism on the same axis.

[0135] Optionally or additionally, the horizontal distance of each annular belt motion mechanism offset relative to the heat treatment space is preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 7%, and particularly preferably at least 10% of the horizontal main extension of the segment transverse to the main extension axis.

[0136] Optionally or additionally, the horizontal distance of each annular belt motion mechanism offset relative to the heat treatment space is preferably up to 30%, preferably up to 25%, and particularly preferably up to 15% of the horizontal main extension of the segment transverse to the main extension axis.

[0137] The fact that the annular belt motion mechanism is arranged vertically below the heat treatment space and is offset horizontally outward relative to the heat treatment space by a horizontal distance from the main extension axis means, in other words, that the annular belt motion mechanism has a lateral offset relative to the heat treatment space, thereby reducing the thermal load acting on the annular belt motion mechanism. It has been found that, despite the additional cost, the undesirable oversized components (especially the carrier structure) increase the durability of the annular belt motion mechanism, thus reducing the downtime of the calcination system.

[0138] The horizontal distance offset of each annular belt motion mechanism relative to the heat treatment space corresponds at least to the length of the respective annular belt motion mechanism on the same axis. This preferred feature means that, in other words, in the case of a virtual vertical projection plane, the virtual annular belt motion mechanism should have space between the vertical projection plane of the actual annular belt motion mechanism and the vertical projection plane of the heat treatment space. In particular, and not limitingly, consider the closest inner edges to each other, or the main extension planes of the respective annular belt motion mechanism and the heat treatment space, as identifiable by those skilled in the art.

[0139] According to a modified embodiment, at least one conveying device includes a heat treatment space gas flow system for gas exchange in the heat treatment space. The heat treatment space gas flow system includes at least one heat treatment space gas inflow regulator and at least one heat treatment space gas outflow regulator.

[0140] The heat treatment space gas inflow regulator is designed to supply gas (e.g., inert gas or combustion gas) into the heat treatment space. The heat treatment space gas outflow regulator is designed to discharge gas (e.g., oxygen-containing gas or moisture-containing gas) from the heat treatment space.

[0141] Preferably, the calcination system is the calcination system as described above. Particularly preferably, the heat treatment space gas flow system is arranged on the outer shell for gas exchange in the heat treatment space.

[0142] The use of inert gases (such as nitrogen) has the beneficial effect of preventing undesirable oxidation of materials in the heat treatment space. This is particularly advantageous when processing easily oxidizable materials at high temperatures.

[0143] Combustion gases can be used as a heat source to better control the required temperature in the heat treatment space. This can improve the efficiency of the calcination process and reduce operating costs. Combustion gases can also be used to promote the ignition reaction if the heating device is gas-driven and does not ignite as desired.

[0144] Oxygen-containing gases can be used to facilitate certain chemical reactions in heat treatment spaces. For example, oxygen-containing gases can be used in the calcination of metal oxides to obtain the desired final product.

[0145] The removal of oxygen-containing gas prevents unwanted oxidation reactions from occurring in the heat treatment space. This can be particularly important if the material being calcined is sensitive to oxidation.

[0146] For example, the removal of moisture-containing gases generated from the residual moisture in the calcined material can help control moisture levels in the heat treatment space. This can help ensure the quality of the final product and prevent undesirable chemical reactions that may be caused by excessive moisture.

[0147] Therefore, the gas flow system in the heat treatment space increases the possibility of controlled heat treatment, thereby producing high-quality final products. In particular, the properties of the final product can be affected by the gas flow system in the heat treatment space, depending on the gas supplied or removed.

[0148] According to a modified embodiment, at least one delivery device includes a cooling space gas flow system for gas exchange within the cooling space. The cooling space gas flow system includes at least one cooling space gas inflow regulator and at least one cooling space gas outflow regulator. The cooling space gas inflow regulator is designed to supply gas (e.g., inert gas or cooling gas below a defined cooling gas temperature) into the cooling space. The cooling space gas outflow regulator is designed to discharge gas (e.g., inert gas or cooling gas above a defined cooling gas temperature) from the cooling space.

[0149] Particularly preferably, the cooling space gas flow system is arranged on the lower shell portion or on one or two side shell portions for gas exchange in the cooling space.

[0150] The supplied cooling gas, at a temperature below a defined limit, can be used as a coolant to reduce the temperature of the annular belt assembly within the cooling space. This improves the efficiency of the cooling process and enhances the durability of the annular belt assembly.

[0151] The delivery of inert gas or cooling gas at a temperature above a specified limit can help control the temperature in the cooling space.

[0152] By using this cooling space gas flow system, the cooling process can be made more efficient. Furthermore, the cooling space gas flow system allows for better control of conditions within the cooling space, resulting in greater process reliability. The cooling space gas flow system is particularly preferably arranged in the lower housing portion or in one or both side housing portions for gas exchange within the cooling space. This enables efficient cooling of the lower running section of the annular belt assembly, which has previously traversed the heat treatment space as the running section. This is particularly advantageous because the annular belt assembly cools down in the cooling space as the lower running section, and then it is exposed to the material again as the running section and is subsequently heat-treated again.

[0153] According to the modified embodiment, in each case, the volume of the heat treatment space is smaller than the volume of the cooling space and / or the volume of the intermediate space.

[0154] First, concentrating heat in a smaller volume enables more efficient heat transfer. This can help reduce operating costs and improve product quality. Furthermore, a smaller heat treatment space allows for more precise control of process temperatures. This can help improve product quality and process reliability.

[0155] Another advantage of this design is that it allows for a faster response time to changes in process conditions. This helps increase operational flexibility and improve product quality. Furthermore, more efficient energy use helps reduce operating costs and environmental impact.

[0156] Finally, a smaller heat treatment space helps achieve a more uniform heat distribution throughout the product. This helps improve product uniformity and enhance product quality. Simultaneously, the cooling space is heated less, allowing the lower running section to be cooled with high reliability.

[0157] In summary, an improved technical solution is proposed to address the challenges associated with heat treatment of materials and the protection of the annular belt device. It enables efficient and controllable heat treatment, leading to improved product quality and increased operational efficiency.

[0158] According to a modified embodiment, at least one conveying device includes at least one circulation system for mixing materials.

[0159] Preferably, at least one circulation system includes at least one agitation mechanism that is stationary relative to the housing system, the agitation mechanism being designed to circulate the material conveyed on the running section in the conveying direction.

[0160] Optionally or additionally, at least one circulation system preferably includes at least one roller assembly whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the main extension axis. Particularly preferably, the circumferential speed of at least one roller assembly is approximately 10% greater than the conveying speed of the annular belt assembly, preferably approximately 15% greater, particularly preferably approximately 20% greater, and most preferably approximately 25% greater.

[0161] Optionally or additionally, particularly preferably, the conveying speed of the annular belt device is at least 0.03 m / s (particularly preferably at least 0.05 m / s) and / or at most 0.3 m / s and including 0.3 m / s (particularly preferably at most 0.2 m / s and including 0.2 m / s, and most preferably at most 0.1 m / s and including 0.1 m / s).

[0162] Optionally or additionally, and particularly preferably, at least one roller assembly includes at least one stirring rod configuration and / or at least one radially extending paddle configuration.

[0163] Optionally or additionally, at least one conveying device preferably includes at least one homogenizing device arranged in the conveying direction after at least one circulation system, wherein the homogenizing device is specifically designed as a beam structure, and wherein at least one homogenizing device is designed to make the material circulated by the circulation system uniformly distributed on the running section.

[0164] One or more agitation mechanisms may be arranged, for example, inside or on the interior of the housing. The material conveyed on the running section is circulated by impacting or moving along the agitation mechanisms, thereby promoting uniform heat treatment.

[0165] Circumferential speed and conveying speed, for example in clay calcination, enable uniform circulation of materials, thereby achieving high-quality final products.

[0166] Stirring rod structures are particularly rod-shaped, while impeller structures have impellers that face the material.

[0167] For example, the homogenizing device is at least indirectly attached to or within the housing. The homogenizing device is arranged at a distance from the running section with a vertical gap, allowing material to be conveyed through this gap during transport on the running section, and material protruding upwards from the running section is adjusted to the maximum gap size to allow it to pass through. Therefore, the material on the running section is homogenized along its height and can be uniformly heat-treated. In particular, a homogenizing device designed as a beam structure achieves this.

[0168] According to a modified embodiment, the calcination system includes at least two or more continuous conveying devices arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other as a material mixing system.

[0169] Preferably, the discharge device of at least one preceding conveying device for vertically conveying material is at least indirectly connected to the receiving device of at least one following conveying device. This connection can be achieved, for example, by a chute construction, wherein the chute construction is preferably designed to be substantially gapless and / or airtight to the outside. "Substantially gapless and / or airtight" means that dust and / or heat are preferably retained within the system as much as possible, and gaps or other openings, for example, due to design considerations, are minimized. The term "substantially gapless" specifically refers to the fact that the chute construction is designed such that gaps or other openings are at most 10 mm (preferably less than 5 mm, and particularly preferably less than 2 mm) to minimize the escape of dust and heat as much as possible. This small gap width ensures that undesirable material and heat losses are minimized. In particular, there are no gaps. In this document, "substantially airtight" specifically means that the chute construction is designed to almost completely prevent air passage, which means that the permeability at a given pressure difference is at most 15 l / min (preferably less than 10 l / min, particularly preferably less than 5 l / min). Therefore, the thermal conditions within the calcination system can remain stable, and there will be no unwanted air supply or removal.

[0170] Due to the cascaded arrangement of the conveying devices, the heat-treated material is transferred from one conveying device to the next for further heat treatment after heat treatment. This results in increased mixing of the material between each heat treatment, leading to a more uniform overall heat treatment. Increased mixing and repeated heat treatment or calcination in multiple conveying devices improve the quality of the heat-treated material. This can result in higher purity and uniformity of the final product. The cascaded arrangement enables continuous and efficient processing of materials with less waste. This leads to reduced process time and waste, thereby increasing production capacity at a lower cost. The heat released during heat treatment in the previous conveying device is retained in the material in the next conveying device. This results in improved energy efficiency throughout the process. The number and arrangement of the conveying devices can be adapted to the specific requirements of the material to be heat-treated. This provides a high degree of flexibility and adaptability to different process conditions. In summary, this embodiment can be said to provide an efficient and flexible technical solution for the heat treatment of materials, thereby improving the mixing and quality of the final product. Therefore, this embodiment is of great benefit to industries using calcination processes, such as the cement, lime, aluminum, and chemical industries. The degree of heat treatment can also be adapted to the properties of the corresponding material. Some materials may require higher temperatures from the outset, while others may only require higher temperatures later in the heat treatment process (i.e., in the subsequent conveying unit). While the temperature gradient in traditional conveying units is not adjustable, a temperature ramp can now be achieved by using different temperatures in different conveying units, thereby improving the quality of the heat-treated materials.

[0171] According to the modified embodiment, the cascade configuration is designed such that the main extension axis comprises an angle of at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees relative to the horizontal. Depending on the angle, this can be useful, for example, in applications requiring increased mixing or production volume.

[0172] Optionally or additionally, the cascade configuration may be designed such that the main extension axis comprises an angle of up to 40 degrees, preferably up to 30 degrees, particularly preferably up to 28 degrees, and most preferably up to 25 degrees relative to the horizontal line.

[0173] Specifically, it can be provided that the angle can be changed afterward, for example, by a corresponding lifting system on the conveying device. However, other technical means of changing the angle are also feasible.

[0174] In the modified embodiment, the main extension axis forms a tilt angle relative to the horizontal line at a specific angle, which directly affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the heat treatment process. The statement "essentially angle α, alpha" specifically means that the angle can vary within a tolerance of ±10% of the corresponding angular amount. This tolerance ensures that the process can flexibly adapt to different material properties and production volume requirements without compromising the function of the conveying device.

[0175] The cascade configuration describes the arrangement of conveying devices within a calcination system, where material is transferred in a stepped sequence from one conveyor to the next. This arrangement can be designed such that the main extension axis of the conveying devices extends at a specific angle to the horizontal.

[0176] A negative angle (e.g., at least -5 degrees) means the main extension axis is tilted downwards in the conveying direction, meaning the material is conveyed in the direction of gravity. A positive angle (e.g., at least 10 degrees) means the main extension axis is tilted upwards in the conveying direction, requiring the material to be conveyed against gravity. A 0-degree angle means the main extension axis extends parallel to the horizontal line, allowing the material to be transported horizontally without any upward or downward tilt. This particularly affects output speed control, improved mixing, and flexibility. This means that a main extension axis at a negative angle (e.g., at least -5 degrees) to the horizontal line is designed to tilt downwards in the conveying direction. Conversely, a main extension axis with a substantially positive angle (e.g., at least 10 degrees) to the horizontal line means the main extension axis is tilted upwards in the conveying direction, i.e., rising. Therefore, a 0-degree angle means the main extension axis extends along the horizontal line or the ground in the conveying direction, i.e., parallel, meaning it neither rises nor falls.

[0177] In terms of throughput time, a larger angle can cause material to slide more quickly from one conveyor to the next. This can result in shorter throughput times through the conveyors, which is particularly useful if high productivity is required and the material properties allow for this, or if quality is guaranteed as a result.

[0178] Considering mixing and heat treatment, a smaller angle allows the material to slide more slowly or not at all through the conveyor. This results in more thorough heat treatment of the material, as it is exposed to heat for a longer period, thus producing a higher quality final product.

[0179] The ability to adjust the angle of the main extension axis allows the process to be adapted to the specific requirements of the material to be heat-treated. This can be particularly useful when processing different materials or different batch sizes.

[0180] In summary, the specific angle of the main extension axis proposed in the modified embodiments can play an important role in optimizing the heat treatment process. They provide an efficient and flexible technical solution that enables controlled heat treatment of materials and high-quality final products.

[0181] The expression of angle specifications essentially provides, in particular, that the desired conveying characteristics are still met, preferably given with a deviation including plus or minus 10% of the corresponding angle amount. However, precise angle specifications are particularly preferred.

[0182] Also advantageous is a method for heat-treating a substance using a calcination system according to at least one of the above features, the method comprising at least the following steps: receiving the substance by a receiving device and then conveying the substance along a main extension axis on a running unit, whereby the substance is at least partially conveyed to a heated heat treatment space for heat treatment.

[0183] Preferably, the calcination system includes at least one or all of the features described above, such that at least some of the substances are mixed, particularly through at least one circulation system. One or more circulation systems are preferably provided, but are not absolutely necessary.

[0184] The method also includes the step of discharging the material through a discharge device. Preferably, the calcination system includes at least one or all of the features described above, such that mixing of the material is carried out, in particular, at least by vertical conveying of the material. This vertical conveying can, in particular, occur essentially as free fall from the discharge device of at least one preceding conveying device to the receiving device of at least one subsequent conveying device. A cascaded configuration is preferred, but not mandatory. However, a cascaded configuration is preferred. Essentially free fall means that the vertical portion of the conveying tool is greater than the horizontal portion of the conveying tool. This can also be achieved by a chute or similar device. Optionally, the material can fall at least partially or completely free fall.

[0185] This method can, in principle, be implemented without mixing the materials, particularly without a circulation system and / or without mixing the materials via vertical conveying (e.g., supported by multiple conveying devices in cascade). Thus, this method may result in less dust and, in the case of very brittle materials, reduce the problem of dripping material. Mixing in only one form or entirely different forms may also be performed. However, for certain materials, a circulation system, and optionally or additionally mixing the materials via vertical conveying, may be advantageous in order to enable uniform heat treatment of the materials.

[0186] Preferably, the order of the method steps can be changed as long as a specific order is not technically required. However, the aforementioned order of the method steps is particularly preferred.

[0187] If the term "substantially" is used in this specification, it means that it is a specific embodiment that can be recognized by those skilled in the art, which allows for a small degree of deviation without losing the essential functionality of the corresponding features. In numerical terms, this expression may refer to plus or minus 10%. Generally, the exact specification prior to the deviation is preferred. Attached Figure Description

[0188] The technical solution will now be described in more detail based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the term "drawings" is abbreviated as "Figure".

[0189] The attached diagram shows: Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of a calcination system with a conveying device according to a preferred embodiment; Figure 2 It is based on Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the end face of the calcination system in the embodiment shown; Figure 3 It is based on Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic perspective view of the calcination system of the embodiment shown; Figure 4 It is based on Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of the calcination system of the embodiment shown, with other reference numerals; Figure 5 It is based on Figure 3 and Figure 4 A schematic optional perspective view of the calcination system of the embodiment shown; Figure 6 It is based on Figure 1 A schematic side view of the calcination system of the embodiment shown, which has three conveying devices arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other; Figure 7 It is based on Figure 1 The schematic perspective view of the calcination system of the embodiment shown has two conveying devices arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other. Figure 8 This is a schematic side view of a calcination system according to another preferred embodiment; Figure 9 This is an example heat treatment process sequence; Figure 10 It is based on Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of the carrier platform of the calcination system of the embodiment shown, in which the stirring mechanism and homogenization device are shown. Figure 11 It is based on Figure 10 A schematic perspective view of the stirring mechanism of the embodiment shown; and Figure 12 It is based on Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of a segment of the material carrier in the calcination system of the embodiment shown. Detailed Implementation

[0190] The described examples are merely examples that can be modified and / or supplemented in various ways within the scope of the claims. Each feature described with respect to a particular embodiment may be used independently or in combination with other features in any other embodiment. Each feature described with respect to an embodiment of a particular claim class may also be used in an embodiment of another claim class in a corresponding manner.

[0191] It should be noted that the embodiments are exemplary and illustrative representations. This means that there may be inaccuracies and / or incomplete figures, which will be independently recognized and completed by those skilled in the art with the aid of the aspects presented herein.

[0192] Figure 1 An exemplary calcination system 10 for heat treatment of material 12 is shown. The calcination system 10 includes at least one conveying device 14 having a main extension axis H, wherein the main extension axis H preferably includes all axes parallel to the central main axis, such that the extension refers more precisely to a single axis.

[0193] according to Figure 6 and Figure 7 Examples are given of three conveying devices 14 and two conveying devices 14, respectively, arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other. This is preferred, not limiting. More conveying devices 14 are also possible, for example, four, five, or six.

[0194] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes: at least one heat treatment space 18, heated during heat treatment by a heating device 16, having a heating temperature T_H; and a cooling space 20, arranged below the heat treatment space 18, having a cooling temperature T_K. This is particularly evident in exemplary Figures 1 to 3 This shows that during heat treatment, the heating temperature T_H is greater than the cooling temperature T_K.

[0195] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes a receiving device 22, which is designed to receive the material 12 and at least indirectly convey the material 12 into the heat treatment space 18. Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The receiving device 22 is shown by way of example.

[0196] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably each conveying device 14) includes a discharge device 24 arranged along the main extension axis H away from the receiving device 22 and designed to discharge material 12 from the conveying device 14 after heat treatment. The discharged material may enter another conveying device 14, or be entirely guided away from the calcination system 10 after heat treatment is complete. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the example, discharge device 24 is shown.

[0197] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably each conveying device 14) includes an annular belt device 26 having an upper running section 28 and a lower running section 30.

[0198] The running unit 28 can move along the main extension axis H from the first running transition device 32.1 to the second running transition device 32.1 in the conveying direction F.

[0199] The conveying direction F extends parallel to the main extension axis H and points from the receiving device 22 to the discharging device 24.

[0200] The running section 28 is designed to transport the material 12 received by the receiving device 22 and transported to the running section 28 for heat treatment in the heat treatment space 18.

[0201] In other words, the running section 28 causes the material 12 to travel and be conveyed on the running section 28 along the conveying direction F during heat treatment.

[0202] The lower running unit 30 can move in association with the upper running unit 28 in the cooling space 20 along the main extension axis H in the return direction R from the second running transition device 34 to the first running transition device 32, with the return direction R being opposite to the conveying direction F.

[0203] Since the annular belt device 26 is designed as an annular belt and specifically consists of an upper running section 28 and a lower running section 30 tensioned between running transition devices 32.1 and 32.2, the upper running section 28 and the lower running section 30 are forced to travel the same distance in opposite directions.

[0204] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes housing systems 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, and 40.2, each housing system having an upper housing portion 34, a lower housing portion 36, two side housing portions 38.1 and 38.2, and two end housing portions 40. The housing systems 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, and 40.2 are particularly characterized in… Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the image.

[0205] The annular belt assembly 26 is substantially closed during heat treatment, thus the annular belt assembly 26 is designed as a material carrier 58, which consists of sections 58.1 arranged relative to each other with at least no gap during heat treatment. Meanwhile, the calcination system 10 includes material mixing systems 68, 70, and 72 designed to mix material 12. As described below, the components of the material mixing systems 68, 70, 72, and 74 are in the form of a cascade of the conveying device 14 and the circulation system 68, which includes, for example, at least one or more roller devices 70, one or more turning mechanisms 72, and / or one or more homogenizing devices 74.

[0206] Specifically, Figure 2 The upper housing portion 34, the lower housing portion 36, and the two side housing portions 38.1 and 38.2 are shown forming a substantially closed rectangular profile in cross-section relative to the main extension axis H. The statement "substantially" encompasses the fact that the outer shell 46 is also embedded in the upper housing portion 34.

[0207] like Figure 6 As shown, for example, both the first conveying device 14 and the last conveying device 14 include an air-sealing mechanism 41, which is exemplarily a rotary valve. The air-sealing mechanism 41 is preferably designed to thermally insulate the receiving device 22 and the discharging device 24 from their surrounding environment, particularly in an adjustable manner.

[0208] As shown by example, the heat treatment space 18 is adjacent to the upper housing portion 34, and the cooling space 20 is adjacent to the lower housing portion 36.

[0209] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the conveying device 14 includes a thermal separation layer system 42 that is substantially continuous along the main extension axis H between the heat treatment space 18 and the cooling space 20.

[0210] The thermal separation layer system 42 is formed at least by the running portion 28 and / or the insulating surface structure 44.

[0211] Insulating surface structure 44 extends along and transversely to the main extension axis H, and is essentially a triangular arch shape with a projected vertex PSP, see [link to documentation]. Figure 2 .

[0212] The triangular arch shape is designed so that the projection vertex PSP is oriented toward the upper shell portion 34, that is, the triangular shape is basically pointing upwards.

[0213] Preferably, the insulating surface structure 44 is designed to open to the two side housing portions 38.1, 38.2 or to the lower housing portion 36, so as to substantially surround the cooling space 20 together with the lower housing portion 36.

[0214] The above-mentioned aspects preferably improve heat distribution, such that the heat treatment space 18 and the cooling space 20 are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the lower running section 30 is subjected to as little thermal stress as possible, and thus reduces the downtime of the calcination system 10.

[0215] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably each conveying device 14) includes a housing 46 arranged on the upper housing portion 34 and extending along the main extension axis H so as to substantially surround the heat treatment space 18 together with the running portion 28.

[0216] like Figure 2 As shown, the heating device 16 is arranged inside the housing 46 and located at the top, and the housing 46 has a smaller distance between its interior and exterior than the upper housing portion 34 in a direction transverse to the main extension axis H. Figure 2 As shown, the heat treatment space 18 is therefore located in a separate volume that is smaller than in the example without the housing 46, which allows for better and faster control of the heat treatment space 18 (and therefore better and faster control of the heat treatment itself), resulting in a higher quality final product.

[0217] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably each conveying device 14) includes an intermediate space 48 with an intermediate temperature T_Z located between the upper heat treatment space 18 and the lower cooling space 20.

[0218] During heat treatment, the intermediate temperature T_Z is a value between the heating temperature T_H and the cooling temperature T_K. In other words, the temperature of the space decreases smoothly from top to bottom. This can be caused by heat flow. Alternatively, the intermediate temperature T_Z in the intermediate space 48 can also be a mixed temperature of the actively heated heat treatment space 18 and the actively cooled cooling space 20. As with all features, this feature can also be independent of the other features.

[0219] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes a first space separation device and a second space separation device.

[0220] The first space separation device separates the upper heat treatment space 18 from the middle space 48, and the second space separation device separates the lower cooling space 20 from the middle space 48.

[0221] Here, the thermal separation layer system 42 includes at least two spatial separation devices, wherein the running part 28 is the first spatial separation device and the insulating surface structure 44 is the second spatial separation device.

[0222] Specifically, and independently of other features, the intermediate space 48 may include air exchange mechanisms, specifically having air supply and / or exhaust mechanisms, for example, to exhaust hot air and / or supply cooling air. These air exchange mechanisms may be arranged on one or both side housing portions 38.1, 38.2 and / or the upper housing portion 34, thereby alternative or additional arrangement positions are also possible. In the present case, the air exchange mechanisms are not shown with their own reference numerals, but... Figure 1 As shown, for example, in the upper region of the side housing portion 38.1 shown on the right. Both the air supply mechanism and the exhaust component have exemplary rectangular structures.

[0223] pass Figure 2 As can be seen in the example, the annular belt device 26 includes a support structure 50, which in the present case is indirectly mounted on two side housing portions 38.1, 38.2 of the housing system 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2 via a crossbeam 52.

[0224] Furthermore, the annular belt device 26 includes a carrier structure 54 with an annular belt motion mechanism 56. Preferably, the annular belt motion mechanism 56 comprises rollers 56.1 and a traction mechanism 56.2, the latter being, for example, a chain mechanism. The annular belt motion mechanism 56 is designed to cause the carrier structure 54 to move along the support structure 50.

[0225] In addition, the annular belt device 26 includes a material carrier 58, which is designed to transport the material 12 to be heat-treated along the heat treatment space 18, and the material carrier 58 is connected to the carrier structure 54.

[0226] For example, especially from Figure 12 It can be concluded that the material carrier 58 is composed of segments 58.1, which are arranged continuously in such a way that there are no gaps between them during heat treatment, and are particularly preferably arranged in an overlapping manner.

[0227] The material carrier 58 includes at least one segment 58.1, and at least one segment 58.1 (preferably all segments 58.1) has a material-containing shape. The material-containing shape is substantially formed in a U-shape, such as... Figure 12 As shown. Irregular parts (such as in Figure 12 The irregular portions in the middle section (such as the stepped portion 59 and the protrusion 61) are part of the U-shape. As long as the material 12 is held downward and laterally fixed for transport by, for example, the downwardly raised carrier platform 60, the other irregular portions will not change the U-shape.

[0228] The carrier platform 60 is formed in the shape of a material container and is a horizontally extending carrier platform 60 having two lateral longitudinal edges 57 parallel to the main extension axis H.

[0229] The carrier platform 60 includes a continuous stepped portion 59, preferably, each segment 58.1 includes at least one stepped portion 59.

[0230] Each stepped section extends substantially transversely to the main extension axis H, and each segment 58.1 having stepped sections 59 has an upper height level 59.1 and a lower height level 59.2. The upper height level 59.1 is arranged at the front along the conveying direction F.

[0231] In addition, the material containment shape includes two vertically extending vertical plates 62.1, 62.2, each vertical plate being arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges 57.

[0232] Similarly, the carrier platform 60 includes continuous protrusions 61, wherein each segment 58.1 has at least one protrusion 61 for each vertical plate 62.1, 62.2. Each protrusion 61 extends substantially transversely to the main extension axis H horizontally.

[0233] In simpler terms, but not limited to this, the material carrier 58 comprises, in its cross-section relative to the main extension axis H, a carrier platform 60 in the horizontal direction and two vertical plates 62.1, 62.2 in the vertical direction. The carrier platform 60 and the vertical plates 62.1, 62.2 intersect at two longitudinal edges 57.

[0234] Specifically, Figures 2 to 5 The outer casing 46 is shown to be designed to open toward the material carrier 58 and includes a receiving shape associated with vertical plates 62.1, 62.2 and two vertical web plates 64.1, 64.2. This configuration limits the heat treatment space 18.

[0235] The vertical plates 62.1, 62.2 and the vertical web plates 64.1, 64.2 are designed such that their horizontal distance is chosen so that they will not collide with each other during heat treatment and that heat dissipation is minimized due to the gaps. Therefore, the heat treatment space 18 is thermally insulated to the maximum extent, thereby allowing the running part 28 to move.

[0236] Similarly, the vertical plates 62.1, 62.2 and the vertical web plates 64.1, 64.2 are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

[0237] As can be seen from the entire figure, the annular belt motion mechanism 56 is arranged vertically below the heat treatment space 18 and is offset horizontally by a horizontal distance HA relative to the heat treatment space 18, transversely to the main extension axis H.

[0238] Reference Figure 12 It can be seen that the horizontal distance HA offset of each annular belt motion mechanism 56 relative to the heat treatment space 18 corresponds at least to the length LB of the corresponding annular belt motion mechanism 56 on the same axis.

[0239] Particularly preferably, the horizontal distance HA offset of each annular belt motion mechanism 56 relative to the heat treatment space 18 is at least 5%, preferably at least 7%, and particularly preferably at least 10% of the horizontal main extension of segment 58.1 transverse to the main extension axis H.

[0240] It is also preferred that the horizontal distance HA offset of each annular belt motion mechanism 56 relative to the heat treatment space 18 is at most 30%, preferably at most 25%, and particularly preferably at most 15% of the horizontal main extension of the segment 58.1 transverse to the main extension axis H.

[0241] Preferably, the horizontal distance HA between the annular belt motion mechanism 56 (preferably traction mechanism 56.2, particularly preferably chain) and the material carrier 58 at the edges closest to each other is at least 80 mm (inclusive), preferably at least 120 mm (inclusive) and / or at most 180 mm (inclusive), preferably at most 120 mm (inclusive).

[0242] Specifically, the material carrier 58 can be connected to the carrier structure 54 by threads as a unit carrier. The carrier structure 54 is preferably composed of two metal sheet units, which are arranged at a certain distance from each other by vertical ribs.

[0243] The air gap formed between the two metal sheet units reduces thermal conductivity, thereby reducing heat transfer to the annular belt motion mechanism 56, preferably reducing heat transfer to the traction mechanism 56.2, and particularly preferably reducing heat transfer to the chain.

[0244] The annular belt motion mechanism 56 (preferably traction mechanism 56.2, particularly preferably chain element) can be threaded onto the lower metal plate unit, and the roller 56.1 can be installed between the two metal plate units.

[0245] The annular belt motion mechanism 56 (preferably traction mechanism 56.2, particularly preferably chain) is arranged laterally offset relative to the material carrier 58, and therefore also laterally offset relative to the heat treatment space 18.

[0246] according to Figure 1 At least one conveying device 14 (preferably each conveying device 14) includes a heat treatment space gas flow system 66, 66.1, 66.2 for gas exchange in the heat treatment space 18.

[0247] The heat treatment space gas flow systems 66, 66.1, and 66.2 each include at least one or more heat treatment space gas inflow regulators 66.1 and at least one or more heat treatment space gas outflow regulators 66.2.

[0248] The heat treatment space gas inflow regulator 66.1 is designed to supply gas (e.g., inert gas or combustion gas) into the heat treatment space 18.

[0249] The heat treatment space gas outflow regulator 66.2 is designed to deliver gas (e.g., oxygen-containing gas or moisture-containing gas) from the heat treatment space 18.

[0250] according to Figure 1 Gas flow systems 66, 66.1, and 66.2 for the heat treatment space are arranged on the outer shell 46 for gas exchange in the heat treatment space 18.

[0251] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes a cooling space gas flow system 67, 67.1, 67.2 for gas exchange in the cooling space 20, such as Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0252] The cooling space gas flow systems 67, 67.1, and 67.2 each include at least one cooling space gas inflow regulator 67.1 and at least one cooling space gas outflow regulator 67.2.

[0253] The cooling space gas inflow regulator 67.1 is designed to supply gas (e.g., inert gas or cooling gas below a defined cooling gas temperature) into the cooling space 20.

[0254] The cooling space gas outflow regulator 67.2 is designed to deliver gas (e.g., inert gas or cooling gas above a defined cooling gas temperature) from the cooling space 20.

[0255] If possible Figure 1 As can be seen, cooling space gas flow systems 67, 67.1, and 67.2 are arranged on the side housing portion 38.1 for gas exchange in the cooling space 20. Optionally, for example, both side housing portions 38.1 and 38.2 may also include cooling space gas flow systems 67, 67.1, and 67.2.

[0256] Alternatively, and independently of other features, a cooling space gas inflow regulator 67.1 is provided on one side housing portion 38.1, and a cooling space gas outflow regulator 67.2 is provided on the other side housing portion 38.2.

[0257] exist Figure 2 As can be seen, the volume of the heat treatment space 18 is smaller than the volume of the cooling space 20 and smaller than the volume of the intermediate space 48.

[0258] At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes at least one circulation system 68 for mixing the material 12, such as Figure 8 As shown in the diagram. Each conveying device 14 may also have multiple circulation systems 68, such as two, three, or four. This is independent of other features.

[0259] At least one circulation system 68 includes at least one stirring mechanism 72, which is stationary relative to the housing systems 34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2, and is designed such that the stirring mechanism 72 circulates the material 12 conveyed on the running section 28 in the conveying direction F.

[0260] exist Figure 11 An example of a stirring mechanism 72 is shown, wherein a plurality of stirring mechanisms 72 are preferably provided, the plurality of stirring mechanisms 72 being distributed transversely to the main extension axis H on the running section 28, so as to comb the material 12 distributed on the running section 28 in a large proportion, thereby repositioning the material 12 on the running section 28 for the purpose of uniform heat treatment.

[0261] At least one circulation system 68 includes at least one roller assembly 70, whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the main extension axis H. Specifically, the rotation of the roller assembly 70 further mixes the material below the roller assembly 70.

[0262] The circumferential speed of at least one roller device 70 is approximately 10% greater than the conveying speed of the annular belt device 26, preferably approximately 15% greater, particularly preferably approximately 20% greater, and most preferably approximately 25% greater.

[0263] The conveying speed of the annular belt device 26 is at least 0.03 m / s, preferably at least 0.05 m / s.

[0264] The conveying speed of the annular belt device 26 is at most 0.3 m / s (inclusive), preferably at most 0.2 m / s (inclusive), and particularly preferably at most 0.1 m / s (inclusive).

[0265] At least one roller assembly 70 includes a radially extending blade configuration, wherein small rectangles at the ends of the respective stirring rod configurations are indicated as blades.

[0266] according to Figure 10 At least one conveying device 14 (preferably, each conveying device 14) includes at least one homogenizing device 74.

[0267] The homogenizing device 74 is arranged in the conveying direction F after at least one circulation system 68, wherein the homogenizing device 74 is specifically designed as a beam structure.

[0268] At least one homogenizing device 74 is designed to make the material 12 circulated by the circulation system 68 evenly distributed on the running section 28.

[0269] according to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The calcination system 10 includes at least two, three or more continuous conveying devices 14, which are arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other as a material mixing system.

[0270] The discharge device 24 of at least one forward conveying device 14 is connected, for example, indirectly to the receiving device 22 of at least one backward conveying device 14 via a chute configuration 76 for vertical conveying of material 12.

[0271] Preferably, the chute configuration 76 is designed to be substantially seamless and / or airtight to the outside, so that no heat dissipates into the environment.

[0272] The cascade configuration is designed such that the main extension axis H has an angle α (alpha) relative to the horizontal line that is at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees. It should be noted that negative or zero angles are not shown in the presented example embodiments.

[0273] The cascade configuration is also designed such that the main extension axis H has an angle α (alpha) relative to the horizontal line as follows: angle α is at most 40 degrees, preferably at most 30 degrees, particularly preferably at most 28 degrees, and most preferably at most 25 degrees.

[0274] Figure 9A method for heat-treating material 12 is shown. The method is performed using a calcination system 10 according to at least one of the preceding claims.

[0275] The method includes at least receiving substance 12 (100) by means of receiving device 22.

[0276] Furthermore, the method includes conveying the material 12 along the main extension axis H on the running section 28. In doing so, the material 12 is at least partially conveyed to the heated heat treatment space 18 for heat treatment.

[0277] Preferably, according to the method, the mixing of substance 12 is carried out by at least one circulation system 68.

[0278] The method also includes discharging substance 12 (300) by means of discharge device 24.

[0279] Preferably, the mixing of the substance 12 is carried out at least by vertical conveying of the substance 12 from the discharge device 24 of at least one preceding conveying device 14 into the receiving device 22 of at least one following conveying device 14, particularly according to Figure 6 It is basically a vertical transport that occurs as free fall.

[0280] List of reference numerals 10 Calcination System 12 substances 14 Conveying device 16 Heating device 18 Heat treatment space 20 Cooling Space 22 Receiving device 24 Discharge device 26. Circular belt device 28. Operational Unit 30 Lower Operations Department 32.1 First Operational Transition Device 32.2 Second Operational Transition Device 34 Upper shell section 36 Lower shell section 38.1 First side shell portion 38.2 Second side shell portion 40.1 First end shell portion 40.2 Second end housing section 41 Air sealing mechanism 42 Thermal separation layer system 44 Insulating Surface Structure 46. ​​Outer shell 48 Intermediate Space 50 support structure 52 Crossbeams 54. Carrier Structure 56. Circular Belt Motion Mechanism 56.1 Roller 56.2 Traction Mechanism 57. Vertical edge 58. Material carriers Section 58.1 59 Steps 59.1 The upper height of the step is horizontal 59.2 Lower height of the step section 60 carrier platforms 61. Protrusion 62.1 First vertical plate 62.2 Second vertical plate 64.1 First vertical web 64.2 Second vertical web 66. Gas Flow System for Heat Treatment Space 66.1 Gas inflow regulator for heat treatment space 66.2 Gas outflow regulator for heat treatment space 67 Cooling Space Gas Flow System 67.1 Cooling space gas inflow regulator 67.2 Cooling space gas outflow regulator 68. Circulatory system 70-roller device 72. Tilting and mixing mechanism 74 Homogenization device 76. Sluice gate construction H Main extension axis T_K cooling temperature T_H heating temperature T_Z intermediate temperature F Conveying direction R Return direction PSP Projection Vertex HA horizontal distance Alpha, abbreviated as α, is the angle of the main spindle extension axis relative to the horizontal line.

Claims

1. A calcination system for heat-treating a substance (12), Includes at least one conveying device (14) having a main extension axis (H); The at least one conveying device (14) includes: At least one heat treatment space (18) and a cooling space (20), the at least one heat treatment space (18) being heated by a heating device (16) during the heat treatment and having a heating temperature (T_H), the cooling space (20) being arranged below the heat treatment space (18) and having a cooling temperature (T_K), wherein, during the heat treatment, the heating temperature (T_H) is greater than the cooling temperature (T_K); The receiving device (22) is designed to receive the substance (12) and transport the substance (12) at least indirectly into the heat treatment space (18); The discharge device (24) is arranged along the main extension axis (H) away from the receiving device (22) and is designed to discharge the heat-treated material (12) from the conveying device (14). The annular belt device (26) has an upper running section (28) and a lower running section (30). The running unit (28) is capable of moving from the first running transition device (32.1) to the second running transition device (32.1) along the main extension axis (H) in the conveying direction (F), and the running unit (28) is designed to convey the material (12) received by the receiving device (22) and conveyed to the running unit (28) for heat treatment in the heat treatment space (18); The lower running unit (30) is capable of moving in the cooling space (20) along the main extension axis (H) in the return direction (R) from the second running transition device (34) to the first running transition device (32) in association with the upper running unit (28), the return direction (R) being opposite to the conveying direction (F); The housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2) includes an upper housing portion (34), a lower housing portion (36), at least two side housing portions (38.1, 38.2) and at least two end housing portions (40).

2. The calcination system according to claim 1, in, The annular belt device (26) is designed to be substantially closed during heat treatment, wherein the annular belt device (26) is preferably designed as a material carrier (58) consisting of segments (58.1) arranged continuously, particularly preferably overlapping, in such a manner that there are no gaps between the segments (58.1) during heat treatment; The calcination system (10) includes a material mixing system (68, 70, 72) designed to mix the material (12).

3. The calcination system according to claim 1 or 2, in, The upper housing portion (34), the lower housing portion (36), and the two side housing portions (38.1, 38.2) form a substantially closed profile, particularly a rectangular profile, in cross-section relative to the main extension axis (H); The conveying device (14) preferably includes at least one air-sealing mechanism (41), particularly one or more rotary valves, wherein the at least one air-sealing mechanism (41) is designed to thermally insulate the receiving device (22) and / or the discharging device (24) from their surrounding environment, particularly in an adjustable manner; and / or Preferably, the heat treatment space (18) is adjacent to the upper housing portion (34), and / or the cooling space (20) is adjacent to the lower housing portion (36).

4. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) includes at least one thermal separation layer system (42) along the main extension axis (H) between the heat treatment space (18) and the cooling space (20), particularly a substantially continuous thermal separation layer system (42). The thermal separation layer system (42) is preferably formed by at least the running part (28) and / or the insulating surface structure (44).

5. The calcination system according to the preceding claims, in, The insulating surface structure (44) extends along the main extension axis (H) and is substantially planar, arc-shaped or triangular arch-shaped with a projection vertex (PSP) transverse to the main extension axis (H). The triangular arch shape is preferably formed such that the projection vertex (PSP) is oriented toward the upper housing portion (34); and / or Preferably, the insulating surface structure (44) is designed such that the insulating surface structure (44) leads to the two side housing portions (38.1, 38.2) or to the lower housing portion (36) so as to substantially surround the cooling space (20) together with the lower housing portion (36).

6. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) includes a housing (46) arranged on the upper housing portion (34) and extending along the main extension axis (H) to substantially surround the heat treatment space (18) together with the running portion (28). The heating device (16) is preferably arranged in the housing (46), particularly preferably inside and at the top; and / or Preferably, the outer casing (46) has a smaller distance inside and / or outside in a direction transverse to the main extension axis (H) than the upper casing portion (34).

7. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) includes an intermediate space (48) with an intermediate temperature (T_Z) between the upper heat treatment space (18) and the lower cooling space (20), wherein, during the heat treatment, the intermediate temperature (T_Z) is a value between the heating temperature (T_H) and the cooling temperature (T_K); The at least one conveying device (14) includes at least a first space separation device and a second space separation device. The first space separation device separates the upper heat treatment space (18) from the middle space (48), and The second space separation device separates the lower cooling space (20) from the middle space (48); The calcination system (10) is particularly preferably the calcination system (10) according to at least one of claims 4 to 6, and the thermal separation layer system (42) is particularly preferably comprising at least two space separation devices, wherein the running part (28) is particularly preferably the first space separation device, and the insulating surface structure (44) is the second space separation device.

8. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The annular belt device (26) includes: The support structure (50) is mounted, for example, indirectly, on the housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2) via a crossbeam (52), particularly on the two side housing portions (38.1, 38.2); The carrier structure (54) has an annular belt motion mechanism (56), preferably with rollers (56.1) and / or traction mechanism (56.2), and particularly preferably with chain mechanism, wherein the annular belt motion mechanism (56) is designed to cause the carrier structure (54) to move along the support structure (50); A material carrier (58) is designed to transport the material (12) for heat treatment in the heat treatment space (18) and is connected to the carrier structure (54). The material carrier (58) is preferably composed of segments (58.1) arranged continuously, particularly preferably overlapping, in such a manner that there are no gaps between the segments (58.1) during heat treatment.

9. The calcination system according to the preceding claims, in, The material carrier (58) includes at least one segment (58.1) having a material-containing shape, wherein, in particular, the material-containing shape is substantially U-shaped; the material-containing shape has: The horizontally extending carrier platform (60) has two lateral longitudinal edges (57) parallel to the main extension axis (H). The carrier platform (60) includes a continuous stepped section (59), and preferably each segment (58.1) includes at least one stepped section (59). Each step portion (59) extends substantially transversely to the main extension axis (H). Preferably, each segment (58.1) having a stepped portion (59) has an upper height level (59.1) and a lower height level (59.2), wherein the upper height level (59.1) is located at the front in the conveying direction (F); Two vertically extending vertical plates (62.1, 62.2), each vertical plate being arranged on one of the two longitudinal edges (57), The carrier platform (60) includes continuous protrusions (61), and preferably, each vertical plate (62.1, 62.2) of each segment (58.1) includes at least one protrusion (61). Each protrusion (61) extends substantially transversely to the main extension axis (H).

10. The calcination system according to any one of claims 6 or 7, and the calcination system according to the preceding claims. in, The outer shell (46) is formed to open toward the material carrier (58) and includes a receiving shape associated with the vertical plates (62.1, 62.2) and the two vertical webs (64.1, 64.2). The vertical plates (62.1, 62.2) and the vertical web plates (64.1, 64.2) are preferably designed such that their horizontal distance is chosen to prevent them from colliding with each other during heat treatment and to minimize heat dissipation due to the gap; and / or Preferably, the vertical plates (62.1, 62.2) and the vertical web plates (64.1, 64.2) are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

11. The calcination system according to at least one of claims 8 to 10, in, The annular belt motion mechanism (56) is arranged vertically below the heat treatment space (18) and is offset horizontally by a horizontal distance (HA) from the main extension axis (H) relative to the heat treatment space (18). Preferably, the horizontal distance (HA) offset of each annular belt motion mechanism (56) relative to the heat treatment space (18) corresponds at least to the length (LB) of the corresponding annular belt motion mechanism (56) on the same axis; and / or Preferably, the horizontal distance (HA) offset of each annular belt motion mechanism (56) relative to the heat treatment space (18) is at least 5%, preferably at least 7%, and particularly preferably at least 10% of the horizontal main extension of the segment (58.1) transverse to the main extension axis (H); and / or Preferably, the horizontal distance (HA) offset of each annular belt motion mechanism (56) relative to the heat treatment space (18) is at most 30%, preferably at most 25%, and particularly preferably at most 15% of the horizontal main extension of the segment (58.1) transverse to the main extension axis (H).

12. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) includes a heat treatment space gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) for gas exchange in the heat treatment space (18), the heat treatment space gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) including at least one heat treatment space gas inflow regulator (66.1) and at least one heat treatment space gas outflow regulator (66.2). The heat treatment space gas inflow regulator (66.1) is designed to supply gas, such as inert gas or combustion gas, into the heat treatment space (18), and The heat treatment space gas outflow regulator (66.2) is designed to deliver gas, such as oxygen-containing gas or moisture-containing gas, from the heat treatment space (18). The calcination system (10) is preferably the calcination system (10) according to at least one of claims 6 to 11. The heat treatment space gas flow system (66, 66.1, 66.2) is particularly preferably arranged on the outer shell (46) for gas exchange in the heat treatment space (18).

13. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) includes a cooling space gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) for gas exchange in the cooling space (20), the cooling space gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) including at least one cooling space gas inflow regulator (67.1) and at least one cooling space gas outflow regulator (67.2). The cooling space gas inflow regulator (67.1) is designed to supply gas, such as an inert gas or a cooling gas below a defined cooling gas temperature, into the cooling space (20), and The cooling space gas outflow regulator (67.2) is designed to deliver gas, such as an inert gas or a cooling gas above a defined cooling gas temperature, from the cooling space (20). The calcination system (10) is preferably the calcination system (10) according to at least one of claims 5 to 12. The cooling space gas flow system (67, 67.1, 67.2) is particularly preferably arranged on the lower housing portion (36) or on one or two side housing portions (38.1, 38.2) for gas exchange in the cooling space (20).

14. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The volume of the heat treatment space (18) is smaller in each case than the volume of the cooling space (20) and / or the volume of the intermediate space (48).

15. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one conveying device (14) serves as a material mixing system, including at least one circulation system (68) for mixing the material (12). Preferably, the at least one circulation system (68) includes at least one agitation mechanism (72) stationary relative to the housing system (34, 36, 38.1, 38.2, 40.1, 40.2), wherein the agitation mechanism (72) is designed such that the agitation mechanism (72) circulates the substance (12) conveyed on the running part (28) along the conveying direction (F); and / or Preferably, the at least one circulation system (68) includes at least one roller device (70), the axis of rotation of which is arranged transversely to the main extension axis (H). Particularly preferably, the circumferential speed of the at least one roller device (70) is approximately 10% greater than the conveying speed of the annular belt device (26), preferably approximately 15%, particularly preferably approximately 20%, and most preferably approximately 25%, and / or wherein, preferably, the conveying speed of the annular belt device (26) is at least 0.03 m / s, particularly preferably at least 0.05 m / s and / or at most including 0.3 m / s, particularly preferably at most including 0.2 m / s, and most preferably at most including 0.1 m / s; and / or Particularly preferably, the at least one roller assembly (70) comprises at least one radially extending stirring rod configuration and / or at least one impeller configuration; and / or Preferably, the at least one conveying device (14) includes at least one homogenizing device (74) arranged in the conveying direction (F) after the at least one circulation system (68), wherein the homogenizing device (74) is specifically designed as a beam structure, wherein the at least one homogenizing device (74) is designed to make the material (12) circulated by the circulation system (68) uniformly distributed on the running part (28).

16. The calcination system according to at least one of the preceding claims, in, The calcination system (10) includes at least two or more continuous conveying devices (14), which are arranged in a cascaded manner relative to each other as a material mixing system. In this process, the discharge device (24) of at least one of the preceding conveying devices (14) is preferably connected, for example, indirectly via a chute structure (76) to the receiving device (22) of at least one of the following conveying devices (14) for vertically conveying material (12). The chute structure (76) is preferably designed to be substantially seamless and / or airtight to the outside.

17. The calcination system according to the preceding claims, in, The cascade configuration is designed such that the main extension axis (H) comprises an angle (α, alpha) of at least -5 degrees, preferably at least 0 degrees, particularly preferably at least 10 degrees, and most preferably at least 20 degrees relative to the horizontal line; and / or The cascade configuration is designed such that the main extension axis (H) comprises an angle (α, alpha) of at most 40 degrees, preferably at most 30 degrees, particularly preferably at most 28 degrees, and most preferably at most 25 degrees relative to the horizontal line.

18. A method for heat-treating a substance (12) using a calcination system (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, the method comprising at least the following steps: The substance (12) (100) is received by the receiving device (22). The material (12) is transported along the main extension axis (H) on the running unit (28), wherein the material (12) is at least partially transported to the heated heat treatment space (18) for heat treatment. The calcination system (10) preferably has at least the features of claim 15, such that the substance (12) is mixed at least through the at least one circulation system (68); The substance (12) (300) is discharged through the discharge device (24). Preferably, the calcination system (10) has at least the features of claim 16 or 17, such that the substance (12) is mixed at least by vertical transport from the discharge device (24) of the at least one preceding transport device (14) to the receiving device (22) of the at least one following transport device (14), particularly by vertical transport that occurs substantially as free fall.

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