Power distribution system protection device with variable current setting

Abstract

A recloser for a power distribution system includes a current sensor configured to measure an operating current of the power distribution system. A controller is connected to the current sensor. The controller has at least one processor. A circuit interrupter is connected to the controller and is configured to open a circuit to interrupt power in at least a portion of the power distribution system. A selector is in communication with the controller. The selector is operable by a user to select one of a plurality of fuse curves. The controller is configured to trigger the circuit interrupter to open the circuit in response to a detected fault current. The fault current is determined based on a selected fuse curve of the plurality of fuse curves.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application is based on U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 578,286, filed August 23, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and is claimed as priority. Technical Field

[0003] Various implementations relate to fuse devices for power distribution systems. Background Technology

[0004] Circuit interrupters, such as circuit breakers, sectionalizers, fuses, and reclosers, protect power distribution systems and various equipment on these systems (such as transformers and capacitor banks) by isolating faulty sections from the main body of the system. Fault currents in a system can occur under various conditions, including but not limited to lighting, animals or trees causing short circuits in power lines, or different power lines coming into contact with each other. Conventional circuit interrupters sense faults and interrupt the current path. Conventional reclosers also reclose the current path and monitor the ongoing fault condition, thereby restoring power to the utility line when the fault terminates. This provides maximum continuity of electrical service. If the fault is permanent, the recloser remains open after a preset number of reclosing operations.

[0005] A fuse is a combination of a fuse and a switch, which is actuated by an overcurrent event. An overcurrent caused by a fault in the transformer or customer circuit will cause the fuse to melt, thus disconnecting the transformer from the line. To facilitate disconnection, fuses are typically mounted approximately 20 degrees off-center from the vertical, shifting the center of gravity of the fuse holder so that when the fuse blows, the fuse holder will rotate and fall open under its own weight. Mechanical tension on the fuse chain typically holds the ejector spring in a stable position. When the fuse blows, the released spring pulls a short post of the fuse chain out of the fuse holder tube to reduce the duration of the surge and damage to the transformer and fuse holder, while extinguishing any arcing in the fuse holder. Fuses can also be manually opened by a utility lineman standing on the ground using a long, insulated rod called a "live-operated lever."

[0006] A fuse may include three main components. The first component is the fuse insulator body, which is a generally open C-shaped frame. This frame includes a conductive top cover and a conductive bottom hinge, which cooperate to receive the fuse holder and the ribbed porcelain or polymer insulator main body, which electrically isolates the conductive portion from the support bracket. The insulator is secured to the support bracket via a centrally extending mounting flange.

[0007] The second component is the fuse holder itself, also known as the "fuse tube," which is an insulating tube containing a replaceable fuse element. When the fuse element is activated ("melted"), the fuse holder subsequently drops from the upper contact of the top cover of the insulator body, thereby breaking the circuit, and is suspended from the hinge at its lower end via a pinion engaging with the bottom hinge of the insulator body. The suspended fuse holder provides a visible indication that the fuse has been activated and ensures that the circuit is broken. The circuit can also be manually broken by pulling out the fuse holder using a live operating lever with an approved load disconnect device.

[0008] The third component is the fuse element or "fuse chain," a replaceable part of the fuse assembly that operates when the current is sufficiently high. In operation, after the fuse chain melts and the fuse holder falls, the lineman replaces the fuse chain and redeploys the fuse tube in its operating condition between the conductive top cover and the bottom hinge of the fuse insulator body. The fuse holder may be equipped with a pull ring, which can be engaged by a hook at the end of a fiberglass live operating lever, operated by a lineman standing on the ground or on a bucket truck, to manually close / open the switch.

[0009] With the appropriate mechanism, a fuse can act as a sectionalizer for each distribution line downstream of an automatic reclosing circuit breaker. The automatic recloser senses and briefly interrupts the fault current and then automatically recloses to restore service. Simultaneously, the downstream sectionalizer automatically counts the current interruptions of the recloser. When the sectionalizer detects a preset number of fault current interruptions (typically 2, 3, or 4), the sectionalizer opens (when not energized) and remains open, and the recloser restores power to the other non-faulty sections.

[0010] A fuse can also be used as a drop-out recloser. A drop-out recloser determines the number of times a fault current is interrupted and, once a set number of faults is reached, drops off the fuse. Therefore, a drop-out recloser can include a reclosing component and a fault-interrupting component. These components can include the drop-out mechanism of a standard fuse, and a controller, for example housed with the fuse tube, configured to determine overcurrent conditions, count overcurrent cycles over a given time, and activate the drop-out mechanism as needed. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting.

[0012] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting that can be configured via a user interface on the fuse device.

[0013] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting configurable via a user interface including one or more dial selectors.

[0014] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting configurable via a user interface comprising one or more magnets.

[0015] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting that allows the user to adjust the fuse profile type.

[0016] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a variable current setting that allows the user to adjust the ampere rating of the fuse profile.

[0017] In some configurations, a fuse device for a power distribution system includes a selector that communicates with a controller. This selector is user-operable to select one of a plurality of fuse profiles. The controller is configured to trigger a circuit interrupter to disconnect the circuit in response to a detected fault current. The fault current is determined based on the selected fuse profile from the plurality of fuse profiles. The user can modify the fuse profile type, the fuse profile amperage, or both.

[0018] In some configurations, a recloser for a power distribution system includes a current sensor configured to measure the operating current of the power distribution system. A controller is connected to the current sensor. The controller has at least one processor. A circuit breaker is connected to the controller and configured to disconnect a circuit to interrupt power to at least a portion of the power distribution system. A selector communicates with the controller. The selector is user-operable to select one of a plurality of fuse profiles. The controller is configured to trigger the circuit breaker to disconnect the circuit in response to a detected fault current. The fault current is determined based on the selected fuse profile from the plurality of fuse profiles.

[0019] In some configurations, a power distribution system fuse assembly includes an insulator body with a weatherproof element. A support bracket extends from the insulator body. A cover connected to the insulator body has a cover contact. A hinge member extends from the insulator body. A recloser is pivotally connected to the insulator body via engagement with the hinge member. The recloser has a current sensor configured to measure the operating current of the power distribution system. A controller connected to the current sensor has at least one processor. A circuit breaker connected to the controller and configured to disconnect a circuit to interrupt power in at least a portion of the power distribution system. A selector communicates with the controller and is user-operable to select one of a plurality of fuse profiles. The controller is configured to trigger the circuit breaker to disconnect the circuit in response to a detected fault current. The fault current is determined based on the selected fuse profile of the plurality of fuse profiles.

[0020] In some embodiments, a method for setting operating parameters of a controller for a power distribution system fuse device includes transmitting a signal from a first RFID device; receiving the transmitted signal at a second RFID device; transmitting a response from the second RFID device; the response containing fuse curve data; extracting the fuse curve data; and adjusting the controller's operating parameters based on the fuse curve data.

[0021] In some embodiments, a method for setting operating parameters of a controller for a power distribution system fuse device includes adjusting the position of a selector; sensing a change in the position of the selector; transmitting a signal to the controller based on the change in the selector's position; receiving the signal and extracting fuse curve data based on the signal; and adjusting the operating parameters of the controller based on the fuse curve data. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The aspects and features of various exemplary embodiments will become clearer from the description of the various exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a side-view perspective of a drop-out recloser.

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial view of the hinges and pivots of the drop-out recloser.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal components of the recloser.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a chart showing a set of K-type fuse curves.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a chart showing a set of T-type fuse curves.

[0028] Figure 6 It shows a set of charts of MS type fuse curves.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a chart showing a set of STH type fuse curves.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a chart showing a set of QH type fuse curves.

[0031] Figure 9 It shows a set of graphs of SLOFAST type fuses.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a front view of the fuse profile selector dial.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a rear perspective view of the fuse profile selector dial, with the rear housing component removed.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a rear-view 3D view of the fuse profile selector dial.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal components of a recloser using an RFID system.

[0036] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of a method for adjusting the controller's operating parameters based on received RFID signals.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a partial 3D view of a reconciler with a dual dial selector.

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the internal components of a recloser that uses a non-wireless connection between the fuse profile selector and the controller.

[0039] Figure 17 This is a front-view stereoscopic view of the fuse selector.

[0040] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 A frontal stereo view of the internal selector, the first external selector, and the second external selector.

[0041] Figure 19 It is positioned at Figure 17 Rear perspective view of the internal selector, the first external selector, and the second external selector in the front housing portion.

[0042] Figure 20 yes Figure 17 Rear-view perspective of the fuse selector.

[0043] Figure 21yes Figure 17 Side view of the fuse selector and sensor board.

[0044] Figure 22 yes Figure 21 A partially exploded front-view stereoscopic view of the fuse selector and sensor board.

[0045] Figure 23 This is a front-view stereo view of another fuse selector.

[0046] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 A front-view stereoscopic view of the internal selector.

[0047] Figure 25 yes Figure 23 Rear-view stereoscopic view of the internal selector.

[0048] Figure 26 yes Figure 23 The exploded front stereo view of the first and second external selectors.

[0049] Figure 27 yes Figure 23 Rear-view stereo view of the first and second external selectors.

[0050] Figure 28 yes Figure 23 A top-section view of the fuse selector.

[0051] Figure 29 yes Figure 23 Another cross-sectional top view of the fuse selector.

[0052] Figure 30 yes Figure 23 Rear-view perspective of the fuse selector. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Some implementations relate to a fuse device used in a power distribution system. The fuse device can be connected directly to an overhead power line system, such as a utility pole, or via one or more mounting brackets. The fuse device can be configured to disconnect from the power distribution system in the event of a condition, such as one or more overcurrent fault conditions. The fuse device can be reconnected to the power distribution system by a lineman or other technician.

[0054] In some operations, linemen will use a live-operated lever to engage fuse devices. A live-operated lever typically consists of a rod made of an insulating material, such as fiberglass. Live-operated levers can vary in length, ranging from about 6 feet to about 40 feet, and can be telescopic to provide an adjustable length. This allows linemen to maintain a sufficient distance from potentially energized components. Different components can be mounted on the distal end of the live-operated lever to perform different operations. For example, a movable or fixed hook can be provided on the distal end of the live-operated lever to allow the lineman to manipulate the component at a distance.

[0055] Figure 1 An exemplary circuit interruption device 100 with a fuse insulator 102 is shown. As depicted, the fuse insulator 102 includes an insulator body 104 having a plurality of rainproof elements 106. The insulator body 104 may be made of a suitable dielectric material. For example, the insulator may include thermoplastics such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or PPE resin. Some configurations may include thermosetting materials such as epoxy resin or vinyl ester. The insulator body 104 may be molded, for example, by injection molding, and the molded part may include reinforcing fillers to enhance the properties of the insulator body 104, such as, but not limited to, hydrophobicity, UV stability, and tracking resistance.

[0056] Support bracket 108 extends from insulator body 104. Support bracket 108 may connect to the central region of insulator body 104 and may include openings to receive mounting fasteners. Support bracket 108 may connect insulator body 104 directly to a support, such as a pole or crossarm, or via one or more mounting brackets. Support bracket 108 or other mounting structures may be configured to mount insulator body 104 at an angle such that the longitudinal axis of insulator 102 extends at an angle relative to the vertical axis, as determined relative to the ground.

[0057] The upper support 110 extends from the upper portion of the insulator body 104. The upper support 110 can be connected to a cover 112 having a proximal portion and a distal portion. The proximal portion may include an upper terminal 114 configured to receive a power supply connection. The distal portion may include a cover contact 116 extending from the cover 112. The cover contact 116 may be biased away from the cover 112 by, for example, a spring.

[0058] The lower support 118 extends from the lower portion of the insulator body 104. The lower support 118 is connected to a hinge member 120. The hinge member 120 has a lower terminal 122 for receiving a load connection. The hinge member 120 also has a pivoting connection. The pivoting connection may include a pair of arms 124 having external hooks defining a bracket. The support bracket 108, the upper support 110, and the lower support 118 can be electrically isolated from each other through the insulator body 104.

[0059] Recloser 130 is connected to fuse insulator 102. Recloser 130 includes recloser body 132. Recloser contact 134 extends from a first portion of recloser body 132. Recloser contact 134 is configured to releasably engage cover contact 116. Recloser contact 134 can be configured to extend to engage cover contact 116 such that cover contact 116 is spring-biased. This engagement provides a retaining force to hold cover contact 116 and recloser contact 134 engaged.

[0060] The upper engagement interface may also extend from a first portion of the recloser body 132. The upper engagement interface provides a contact point for the user to operate the recloser 130. In some configurations, the upper engagement interface is configured to interact with a live operating lever. In some configurations, the upper engagement interface may include a ring 136 extending outwardly from the recloser body 132.

[0061] like Figure 2 As best shown, pivot 138 extends from a second portion of recloser body 132, which is spaced apart from the first portion along a vertical axis. Pivot 138 is positioned and configured to be received in hinge member 120 of insulator body 102. Pivot 138 may include trunnion member 140, which is received in a bracket of the hinge of insulator body 102. Trunnion member 140 may include a pair of opposing protrusions 142 disposed in the bracket to provide a rotatable connection between recloser 130 and fuse insulator 102.

[0062] A pivot engagement interface can extend from pivot 138. The pivot engagement interface provides a contact point for the user to operate the recloser 130. In some configurations, the pivot engagement interface is configured to interact with a live operating lever. In an exemplary embodiment, the pivot engagement interface may include a second ring 144 extending outward from pivot 138. The second ring 144 may be positioned in a different orientation than the first ring 136. The second ring 144 may be positioned on a side of the recloser body 132 different from the first ring 136. For example, the second ring 144 may be positioned on the side of the recloser body 132 opposite to the first ring 136. In a configuration using a cylindrical body, the second ring 144 may be positioned at different degrees along the circumference of the cylindrical body. When using other shapes, the second ring 144 may be positioned at different angles relative to the longitudinal axis of the recloser body 132.

[0063] Depending on the operational requirements of the recloser 130, the recloser 130 may contain various internal components. Figure 3 An exemplary schematic diagram of recloser 130 and an exemplary configuration of its internal components are shown. These components will vary depending on whether the circuit interruption device 100 is used as a fuse, a breaker, or a drop-out recloser. In an example configuration as a drop-out recloser, recloser 130 may include a controller 210, a current sensor 220, a circuit interrupter / recloser 230, and a drop-out mechanism 240. Circuit interrupter / recloser 230 may be a vacuum interrupter, but other types of interrupters may also be used. Circuit interrupter / recloser 230 may be enabled by the controller to open upon detection of a fault and reclose after a certain amount of time. If the fault is not cleared after a certain number of attempts, drop-out mechanism 240 may be enabled to rotate recloser 130 in a hinge, thereby separating recloser contact 134 and cover contact 116. Drop-out mechanism 240 may include an actuator, such as a solenoid, that causes movement of recloser 130 relative to insulator 102.

[0064] Controller 210 can be configured to control the necessary functions and components of recloser 130. Controller 210 may include one or more PCBs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, volatile and / or non-volatile memories, circuit system components (capacitors, transistors, etc.), and firmware that can be adjusted or updated by the user as needed. One or more power acquisition components 250 may be included to supply power to various components. Power acquisition components 250 may include one or more power conversion devices (e.g., for converting AC power to DC power) and one or more power storage devices, such as one or more capacitors or batteries. Power can be supplied from power acquisition components 250 to other internal components using any type of direct and indirect electrical connection. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the type, number, and architecture of these components may vary depending on the requirements of recloser 130.

[0065] During exemplary operation, recloser 130 is initially set such that pivot 138 is positioned within hinge member 120, and recloser contact 134 engages with cover contact 116. If a fault condition is detected, interruptor / recloser 230 may open for a predetermined amount of time and then close to check if the fault has been cleared. If the fault has not been cleared after a number of openings (e.g., two, three, or four), drop mechanism 240 is activated, and recloser 130 pivots, disengaging recloser contact 134 from cover contact 116, thereby disconnecting this portion of the power distribution system. Recloser 130 pivots about hinge member 120 such that recloser body 132 is suspended in a downward orientation. A user (e.g., a lineman or other technician) will then need to manually reset the device by pivoting recloser 130 back into engagement with cover 112. Recloser 130 may also be removed from hinge member 120 before being reset to or adjusted as needed.

[0066] In various applications, the controller and certain associated circuitry (e.g., solenoids, capacitors, etc.) will need to determine fault conditions based on different operating parameters of the system. In some configurations, the controller and associated circuitry will act as fuses, operating on a fuse profile to determine the presence of a fault (e.g., overcurrent) and trigger an open / close cycle or drop condition. For example, current sensor 220 can provide controller 210 with data on the operating current of the device, and controller 210 can be configured to determine the presence of a fault current and, if necessary, enable circuit interrupter 230. In determining the presence of a fault current, controller 210 can compare currents over a period of time.

[0067] Figures 4 to 9 An exemplary fuse profile table is shown that can be simulated by controller 210. Each chart shows a different type of curve (K, T, MS, STH, QH, SLOFAST), and each curve in the chart shows a different ampere rating for that type of fuse. The fuse profiles show time on the Y-axis and current on the X-axis. If a certain current is reached within a set time shown on the curve, a fault condition can be triggered. These fuse profiles (or baseline data) can be stored in memory, and controller 210 can be configured to access and follow one or more of these profiles as needed.

[0068] Typically, the fuse profile of a device is set before it is placed in the field. This can lead to considerable complexity because protection products (such as fuses or reclosers) must have variable current protection trip or melt settings to accommodate various distribution circuit configurations and load levels. Furthermore, coordination with other circuit protection devices already present on the distribution circuit requires multiple trip (melt) times or fuse profiles. A limitation of factory presets is that utilities must inventory multiple SKUs for maintenance and replacement. Microcontroller-based designs reduce the number of SKUs, but require power (such as batteries) during installation and a communication device with an application (such as a telephone or computer) to complete the setting selection process.

[0069] In various exemplary embodiments, the recloser 130 may include a user interface (e.g., a selector device) that allows a user to set the fuse profile on the recloser body 132 and modify the fuse profile as needed. Figure 1 and Figures 10 to 12 An exemplary configuration of a fuse selector dial 150 extending from a recloser body 132 is shown. The fuse selector dial 150 includes a dial housing 152, an inner knob 154, and an outer knob 156. The inner knob 154 and the outer knob 156 can be used to select different fuse profile types and different amperage ratings.

[0070] like Figures 10 to 12 As best shown, the fuse selector dial 150 may include an inner ring 160 and an outer ring 162. The position of the inner ring 160 can be controlled by an inner knob 154, and the position of the outer ring 162 can be controlled by an outer knob 156. The front surfaces of the inner ring 160 and the outer ring 162 may include indicators showing the selected fuse profile type and amperage rating. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the inner ring 160 indicates the selected K fuse type, and the outer ring 162 indicates the selected 2 amperage rating. Thus, when a 2 amperage K profile pattern is selected, the controller 210 will follow this pattern.

[0071] In other examples (not shown), the selector device may include an interface other than a dial or knob (or other interfaces besides a dial or knob). For example, the selector device may include one or more buttons and / or one or more switches. Different positions of the buttons and / or switches may correspond to different fuse profile types and / or different ampere ratings. The buttons and / or switches can be manipulated to a desired position to select the fuse profile and / or ampere rating. In other examples, the recloser 130 may include a screen (e.g., an LCD screen). The screen may display the selectable fuse profile and / or ampere rating. In some forms, selection can be made on the screen using at least one of a dial, button, switch, or other similar selector. In other forms, the screen may be a touchscreen.

[0072] In some configurations, the selector dial 150 uses a radio frequency identification (RFID) system to signal the controller. This RFID system includes a first set of RFID tags 164 positioned on the inner dial 160 and a second set of RFID tags 166 positioned on the outer dial 162. In some configurations, each tag 164, 166 includes an RFID integrated circuit (IC) and an antenna. The RFID IC includes a memory unit capable of storing unique identification data and may also feature additional memory for storing auxiliary information. The tag's antenna facilitates communication with a reader device by transmitting and receiving RF signals. Tags 164, 166 can be configured as read-only tags, containing information permanently programmed into the tag.

[0073] like Figure 12 As best shown, the dial housing 152 may include a front panel 170 and a rear panel 172. The rear panel 172 may include a rear window that provides communication with the selected tags 164, 166, while the rear panel 172 covers the remaining tags. The material of the rear panel 172 can be selected to block RFID signals from the unexposed tags 164, 166. For example, different materials, such as aluminum or stainless steel, can be used. Other materials, such as conductive fabrics or coatings (such as RFID blocking paint), can be used to allow transmission only to and from the selected tags 164, 166.

[0074] In some configurations, tags 164 and 166 may include one or more markings (e.g., handwriting, symbols, etc.) corresponding to the selection. A user connected to the selector dial 150 interface can see the markings to determine the location of tags 164 and 166. In some configurations, RFID tags 164 and 166 may be replaced by other types of indicator / reader combinations. For example, an optical reader may be used in conjunction with a barcode (e.g., a linear barcode, a matrix barcode, etc.) to provide signals to the controller.

[0075] Figure 13 An exemplary schematic diagram of a recloser 130 is shown, which utilizes an RFID reader / antenna 260 communicating with a controller 210 and tags 164, 166. RFID systems may operate at different frequency levels depending on the environment and application. The reader / antenna 260 may be one or more devices or components as will be understood by those skilled in the art, and is shown as a single block for simplicity. The reader / antenna 260 is configured to receive information from tags 164, 166 and transmit information or instructions to the controller 210.

[0076] In some configurations, RFID tags 164 and 166 can be passive tags enabled by reader / antenna 260. Reader / antenna 260 can emit a radio frequency (RF) signal that generates an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of tags 164 and 166. This enables tags 164 and 166 by inducing a brief current to power the tag IC. Once powered, the tag IC modulates the RF signal with its unique identifier and other stored data. This modulation alters the characteristics of the RF signal, thereby encoding the tag's information. The modulated signal is then reflected back from the tag's antenna toward reader 260.

[0077] The reader / antenna 260 receives modulated RF signals from passive tags 164, 166 via its antenna. In some configurations, the reader / antenna 260 may include electronics that interpret changes in the RF signals to extract encoded data from tags 164, 166 and transmit it to a controller 210, which then operates according to a selected fuse profile. In some configurations, the controller is programmed to interpret the information transmitted by tags 164, 166 and correlate that information with the correct fuse profile. The controller 210 may be configured to retrieve requested operating parameters from local memory, or the operating parameter information may be transferred via RF response signals emitted by tags 164, 166.

[0078] In a passive tagging system, the reader / antenna 260 can be configured to continuously inspect tags 164, 166 to obtain information, or it can be set to operate at specific intervals. In other embodiments, the RFID system can be configured such that tags 164, 166 are active and the reader / antenna 260 is passive, or both components are active. Tags 164, 166 can also be enabled when a selection is made or changed, so that the reader / antenna 260 and controller 210 are updated only as needed.

[0079] Figure 14An exemplary flowchart 300 is shown for controller 210 selecting a fuse profile. In a first step, an RFID reader transmits an RF signal 310. The reader can be controlled by an external controller or by internal programming. One or more RFID tags receive the RF signal 320. The RFID tag transmits a response 330, which includes information (e.g., encoded data) programmed into the RFID tag related to the selected fuse profile and / or fuse amperage setting. The reader receives the response 340 and retrieves the data 350. The data can be retrieved by the reader or the controller. The controller can then access and follow the selected operating parameters 360. For example, the controller will follow the selected fuse profile and / or amperage rating selected by the user. The controller can receive the operating parameter information or associated data from local memory, or the information can be provided by the RFID tag in the transmitted response.

[0080] In some forms, the controller can communicate with an external device (e.g., a computer) via a user interface. The controller can send the selected fuse profile and / or ampere rating to the external device to allow a remote user to monitor the selection.

[0081] Figure 15 Another exemplary embodiment of the recloser 430 utilizing a first dial 432 and a second dial 434 is shown. The first dial 432 includes a first knob 436 connected to a first ring 438. The second dial 434 includes a second knob 440 connected to a second ring 442. The first dial 432 can be used to set either the curve type or the amperage rating of the fuse profile, and the second dial 434 can be used to set the other of the curve type and the amperage rating of the fuse profile. The first ring 438 and the second ring 442 may include visual indicators to assist the user in selecting the desired curve. The selected curve type and amperage rating can then be transmitted to the controller 210. The first dial 432 and the second dial 434 shown are depicted as having substantially the same size and being close to each other. However, other examples may include dials 432, 434 of different sizes and / or dials 432, 434 spaced apart from each other.

[0082] In some configurations, wireless signals (such as those used in the RFID system described herein) can be used to transmit signals between the first dial 432 and the second dial 434 and the controller 210. In other embodiments, other types of wireless signals (e.g., magnetic, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular networks, etc.) can be used.

[0083] In other embodiments, such as Figure 16As shown, a non-wireless connection 450 (mechanical connection, electrical connection, or a combination thereof) can be used. The controller 210 can be configured to adjust operating parameters based on the position of a dial selected by the user to match the selected fuse profile.

[0084] Figure 17 Another configuration of the variable current selector 500 is shown. The variable current selector 500 includes a housing 502 having a front housing portion 504 and a rear housing portion 506. The front housing portion 504 and the rear housing portion 506 can be separate components connected by one or more fasteners.

[0085] The variable current selector 500 includes an internal selector 508, a first external selector 510, and a second external selector 512. The internal selector 508, the first external selector 510, and the second external selector 512 are rotatable relative to the housing 502 to allow a user to adjust the settings of a fuse device (e.g., a recloser). By adjusting different selectors, the user can signal the internal controller 210 to adjust device settings, such as the fuse profile setting of the recloser.

[0086] In the illustrated configuration, the internal selector 508 allows the user to rotate a dial to select multiple amperage settings. For example, the amperage settings may be 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, or 20 amperes. The internal selector 508 may include multiple visual indicators indicating which amperage rating is selected. The front housing portion 504 may include a viewing window 514 that allows the user to see the visual indicators of the internal selector 508.

[0087] The first external selector 510 can be displaced between two or more positions to allow a user to select a desired fuse profile. The illustrated configuration shows two types of fuse profiles (K-type and T-type) that can be selected. The front housing portion 504 may include a visual indicator to inform the user which fuse profile is being selected. Other configurations may allow for more than two types of selection. The front housing portion 504 may also include a first front slot 516 that allows the first external selector 510 to move between positions.

[0088] The second external selector 512 allows a user to change the operating status of the fuse device. The illustrated configuration shows recloser mode (R) and non-recloser mode (NR). The front housing portion 504 may include a visual indicator to inform the user which mode is being selected. Other configurations may allow for more than two types of selection. The front housing portion 504 may also include a second front slot 518 that allows the second external selector 512 to move between positions.

[0089] Figure 18An exemplary configuration of an internal selector 508 is shown, which has a body 520, a knob 522 extending from the body 520, and one or more arms 524 extending from the body 520. The body has a substantially circular configuration. Multiple visual indicators (e.g., ampere ratings) are provided on the body 520 to allow the user to determine the selected ampere number.

[0090] A knob 522 extends from the central region of the body 520. The knob 522 may extend through a central boss in the front housing portion 504, allowing the user to manipulate the body 520. In some embodiments, the body 520 may be rotated by the user via the knob 522 to select different values. The knob 522 may have a slot to receive a tool, such as a flathead screwdriver, to enable manual or tool-operated control of the knob 522.

[0091] One or more arms 524 extend from the outer edge of the body 520. In the illustrated configuration, three arms 524 extend in the circumferential direction, but fewer or more arms 524 may be used. The arms 524 may have a cantilever configuration with a movable hinge connecting the arms 524 to the body 520. In some configurations, tabs 526 may extend from the end of each arm 524.

[0092] Figure 18 A first external selector 510 and a second external selector 512 are also shown. Each of the first external selector 510 and the second external selector 512 may include an outer arm 530, an inner arm 532, and a protrusion 534 bridging the outer arm 530 and the inner arm 532. The outer arm 530 and the inner arm 532 have a curved configuration, but other configurations may also be used. One or more tabs 536 may extend from the inner arm 532 away from the outer arm 530 and toward the center of the selector.

[0093] Figure 19 An internal selector 508, a first external selector 510, and a second external selector 512 are shown positioned within a front housing portion 504. The front housing portion 504 may include an internal recess 538 that receives the internal selector 508. The internal recess 538 may include a plurality of internal grooves 540 configured to receive tabs 526 on the arms of the internal selector. The grooves 540 may be arranged around the outer edge of the internal recess 538. The interface between the grooves 540 and the tabs 526 may provide tactile feedback to the user and a snap-fit ​​connection of the internal selector 508 at a predetermined radial position corresponding to a set selector value.

[0094] The front housing portion 504 also includes a first external recess 542 and a second external recess 544. The first external recess 542 receives a first external selector 510, and the second external recess 544 receives a second external selector 512. The first external recess 542 and the second external recess 544 may include one or more external grooves 546. The external grooves 546 are configured to receive tabs 536 of the inner arms 532 of the external selectors 510, 512. The grooves 546 are positioned to provide tactile feedback and a snap-fit ​​connection between the external selectors 510, 512 in designated positions.

[0095] In some configurations, internal selector 508, first external selector 510, and second external selector 512 are configured to signal to controller 210 using one or more magnets. For example, internal selector 508 may include internal magnet 550. Internal magnet 550 may have a cylindrical configuration and be rotatably fixed to internal selector 508. First external selector 510 may include first external magnet 552 positioned, for example, in a protrusion 534 of first external selector 510. Second external selector 512 may include second external magnet 554 positioned, for example, in a protrusion 534 of second external selector 512.

[0096] like Figure 20 As shown, the rear housing portion 506 may include a series of openings to provide communication between the magnet and one or more sensors. The rear housing portion 506 may include an internal rear opening 556 that exposes an internal magnet 550. A first external rear opening 558 may expose a first external magnet 552. A second external rear opening 560 may expose a second external magnet 554.

[0097] In some configurations, the internal magnet 550, the first external magnet 552, and the second external magnet 554 can send signals to the controller 210 via one or more sensors. Figure 21 and Figure 22 An exemplary configuration of a printed circuit board 562 is shown, which includes an internal sensor 564, a first pair of external sensors 566, and a second pair of external sensors 568. In some embodiments, the printed circuit board 562 is a peripheral board connected to the main controller 210 and supported within the housing of the recloser. In other configurations, the printed circuit board may be integrated into the main controller 210. The controller 210 may adjust the operating settings of the fuse device based on selected user settings.

[0098] In some implementations, a Hall effect sensor that generates a signal based on the movement of a magnet can be used. In some configurations, the internal magnet 550 may be a toroidal magnet with a north and a south pole. The internal sensor 564 may be positioned to detect rotation of the internal magnet 550 by measuring the flux generated by the angle of the N / S boundary relative to the internal sensor 564. As shown in the illustrated configuration, the internal sensor 564 may be axially positioned relative to the internal magnet 550. In other configurations, one or more internal sensors 564 may be positioned out of plane relative to the internal magnet 550 to measure position.

[0099] In other configurations, the internal magnet 550 may be a toroidal magnet with multiple N / S poles. An internal sensor 564 may be positioned to detect the rotation of the internal magnet 550. As the internal magnet 550 rotates, the transition between the N and S regions triggers a signal in the internal sensor 564, which can be used to track the position of the internal selector 508.

[0100] In some configurations, a first pair of external sensors 566 and a second pair of external sensors 568 determine the position of external selectors 510 and 512 by recording which of the magnets 566, 568 (upper or lower) in the pair is activated by the corresponding external magnet 552, 554. In other configurations, a single sensor may be used for each selector 510, 512, which can record the passage of the corresponding magnet 552, 554 to determine the position of the selector 510, 512.

[0101] Figure 23 Another configuration of the variable current selector 600 is shown. The variable current selector 600 includes a housing 602 having a front housing portion 604 and a rear housing portion 606. The front housing portion 604 and the rear housing portion 606 can be separate components connected by one or more fasteners.

[0102] The variable current selector 600 includes an internal selector 608, a first external selector 610, and a second external selector 612. The internal selector 608, the first external selector 610, and the second external selector 612 are rotatable relative to the housing 602 to allow a user to adjust the settings of a fuse device (e.g., a recloser). By adjusting different selectors, the user can signal the internal controller 210 to adjust device settings, such as the fuse profile setting of the recloser.

[0103] In the illustrated configuration, the internal selector 608 allows the user to rotate a dial to select multiple amperage settings. For example, the amperage settings may be 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, or 20 amperes. The internal selector 608 may include multiple visual indicators indicating which amperage rating is selected. The front housing portion 604 may include a viewing window 614 that allows the user to see the visual indicators of the internal selector 608.

[0104] The first external selector 610 can be displaced between two or more positions to allow a user to select a desired fuse profile. The illustrated configuration shows two types of fuse profiles (K-type and T-type) that can be selected. The front housing portion 604 may include a visual indicator to inform the user which fuse profile is being selected. Other configurations may allow for more than two types of selection. The rear housing portion 606 may also include a first front slot that allows the first external selector 510 to move between positions.

[0105] The second external selector 612 allows a user to change the operating status of the fuse device. The illustrated configuration shows recloser mode (R) and non-recloser mode (NR). The front housing portion 604 may include a visual indicator to inform the user which mode is being selected. Other configurations may allow for more than two types of selection. The rear housing portion 604 may also include a second front slot 618 that allows the second external selector 612 to move between positions.

[0106] Figure 24 and Figure 25 An exemplary configuration of an internal selector 608 is shown, which has a body 620 having an inner ring 622 and an outer ring 624. A hub 626 extends from the rear of the inner ring 622. A plurality of recesses 628 may extend into the rear of the outer ring 624. A shaft 630 extends from the inner ring 622. A knob 632 extends from the shaft 630. A plurality of visual indicators (e.g., ampere ratings) are provided on the body 620 to allow a user to determine the selected ampere level.

[0107] Knob 632 can be connected to shaft 630 via fasteners or another connection (such as an interference fit). Knob 632 can extend through a central boss in the front housing portion 604, allowing a user to manipulate body 620. In some embodiments, body 620 can be rotated by the user via knob 632 to select different values.

[0108] Figure 26 and Figure 27An exemplary configuration of a first external selector 610 and a second external selector 612 is shown. Each of the first external selector 610 and the second external selector 612 may include an outer arm 634, an inner arm 636, and a biasing mechanism 638, such as a tension spring. The outer arm 634 includes a user interface outer end 640 and an inner end having a set of external teeth 642. The outer tab 644 is connected to the biasing spring 638. The inner arm 636 includes an inner ring 646 and an outer slot 648 that receives the teeth 642 of the outer arm 634. An inner tab 650 is connected to the biasing spring 638. A cylindrical protrusion 652 may extend from the rear of the outer arm 634. The outer arm 634 is movable relative to the inner arm 636, wherein the teeth 642 slidably engage the groove 648. When the outer arm 634 extends, it is biased toward the inner arm 636 by the biasing mechanism 638. This biasing action helps provide tactile feedback to the user when switching operating states, because the outer arm 634 can pull away from the inner arm 636 when moving between the upper and lower positions.

[0109] Figure 28 An internal selector 608, a first external selector 610, and a second external selector 612 are shown positioned within a housing 602. The hub 626 of the internal selector 608 extends into a chamber 654 of the rear housing portion 606. A rear bearing assembly 656 rotatably supports the hub 626 and body 620 of the internal selector 608 within the rear housing portion 606. The inner ring members 646 of the external selectors 610 and 612 are rotatably connected to a collar 658 positioned about an axis 630. The respective ring members 646 are offset from each other and coaxially connected to the collar 658, allowing them to move independently.

[0110] In some configurations, selector 600 may include one or more feedback mechanisms to assist the user in correctly locating the internal selector 608. For example... Figure 29 As best shown, one or more ball plungers 658 can be configured to engage recesses 628 in the rear portion of the outer ring 624. The ball plungers 658 can be threaded onto the rear housing portion 606. A movable ball is positioned in the shaft and spring-biased outwards. Thus, rotation of the inner selector 608 by the knob 632 engages and disengages the balls from the recesses 628, providing the user with tactile feedback regarding the correct position of the inner selector 608. In some configurations, for a circular selector, three ball plungers 658 can be equidistantly positioned, for example, at 120-degree intervals.

[0111] In some configurations, internal selector 608, first external selector 610, and second external selector 612 are configured to signal to controller 210 using one or more magnets. For example, internal selector 608 may include internal magnet 660. Internal magnet 660 may have a cylindrical configuration and be rotatably fixed to internal selector 608. First external selector 610 may include first external magnet 662 extending from, for example, a protrusion 652 of first external selector 610. Second external selector 612 may include second external magnet 664 extending from, for example, a protrusion 652 of second external selector 612.

[0112] like Figure 30 As shown, the rear housing portion 606 may include a series of openings to provide communication between the magnet and one or more sensors. The rear housing portion 606 may include an internal rear opening 670 exposing the internal magnet 660. A rear protrusion 652 of a first external selector 610 may extend through a first slot 672 in the rear housing portion 606, and a rear protrusion 652 of a second external selector 612 may extend through a second slot 674 in the rear housing portion 606. The first slot 672 and the second slot 674 may have an elliptical configuration such that movement between an upper position and a lower position pulls the outer arm 634 away from the inner arm 636. This extends the biasing mechanism 638, which pulls the outer arm 634 back through the midpoint of the curve. This provides rapid feedback to the user as the biasing mechanism pulls the outer arm 634 inward.

[0113] In some configurations, the internal magnet 660, the first external magnet 662, and the second external magnet 664 can send signals to the controller 210 via one or more sensors. Figure 28 and Figure 29 An exemplary configuration is shown of a printed circuit board 676 connected to a housing 602 via one or more posts 678. The printed circuit board 676 may have one or more Hall effect sensors positioned to receive signals from magnets 660, 662, 664, as per [reference to...]. Figure 21 and Figure 22 Shown and described.

[0114] While exemplary embodiments of the recloser have been described in conjunction with fuse insulators and related components for power distribution systems, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, who are familiar with this specification, that the components described herein can be applied to a wide range of fields and uses. In particular, the recloser can be used in conjunction with a power fuse or a sectionalizer. Similarly, exemplary embodiments may be advantageous when coupled with conductive blades to form an air switch or for maintaining other circuit connections / disconnections and sensing devices. The interface can also be incorporated into other devices, such as fuse tubes or other power distribution fuse components. Finally, those skilled in the art, who are familiar with this specification, will also understand that this system can be readily modified to include different configurations, mechanisms, methods, and kits for achieving some or all of the purposes of this disclosure.

[0115] For the purpose of explaining general principles and practical applications, the foregoing detailed description of certain exemplary embodiments has been provided, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand various embodiments of this disclosure and various modifications suitable for the particular intended use. This specification is not necessarily intended to be exhaustive or to limit this disclosure to the exemplary embodiments disclosed. Any embodiments and / or elements disclosed herein can be combined with each other to form various additional embodiments not specifically disclosed. Therefore, additional embodiments are possible and intended to be covered within the scope of this specification and the appended claims. The specification describes specific examples to accomplish a more general purpose that could be accomplished in another manner.

[0116] As used herein, the terms “front,” “back,” “up,” “down,” “upward,” “downward,” and other orientation descriptors are intended to facilitate the description of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit the structure of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure to any particular location or orientation. Terms of degree, such as “substantially” or “about,” are understood by those skilled in the art to refer to a reasonable range beyond a given value, for example, general tolerances associated with the manufacture, assembly, and use of the described embodiments. Unless otherwise stated or limited, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “linked,” and variations thereof, are used extensively and cover both direct and indirect mounting, connection, support, and linking.

Claims

1. A recloser for a power distribution system, comprising: A current sensor configured to measure the operating current of a power distribution system; A controller connected to the current sensor, the controller having at least one processor; A circuit interrupter connected to the controller and configured to disconnect the circuit to interrupt power in at least a portion of the power distribution system; as well as A selector, which communicates with the controller, can be user-operated to select one of multiple fuse profiles. The controller is configured to trigger the circuit interrupter to disconnect the circuit in response to a detected fault current, wherein the fault current is determined based on a selected fuse profile from a plurality of fuse profiles.

2. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector communicates with the controller via radio frequency.

3. The recloser as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The RFID reader is connected to the controller and communicates with the selector.

4. The recloser as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The selector includes multiple first RFID tags and multiple second RFID tags.

5. The recloser as claimed in claim 4, wherein, These first RFID tags include information related to the fuse curve type.

6. The recloser as claimed in claim 4, wherein, These second RFID tags include information related to the ampere rating.

7. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector includes a first knob and a second knob.

8. The recloser as claimed in claim 7, wherein, The first knob is coaxial with the second knob.

9. The recloser as claimed in claim 7, wherein, The first knob controls the rotation of the first ring, and the second knob controls the rotation of the second ring.

10. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector includes a housing with RFID interference material.

11. The recloser as claimed in claim 11, wherein, The housing includes a window to allow communication between the RFID and the controller.

12. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector is a user interface that connects to the controller via a non-wireless connection.

13. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, This selector allows users to choose the fuse curve type.

14. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, This selector allows users to choose the amperage rating of the fuse profile.

15. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, This selector allows users to choose operating parameters.

16. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector includes an internal selector, a first external selector, and a second external selector.

17. The recloser as claimed in claim 16, wherein, The internal selector allows the user to select the amperage rating, the first external selector allows the user to select the fuse profile type, and the second external selector allows the user to select the operating parameters.

18. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector communicates magnetically with the controller.

19. The recloser as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The selector includes a first magnet and a sensor connected to the controller.

20. The recloser as claimed in claim 19, wherein, The sensor is a Hall effect sensor connected to a printed circuit board.

21. A fuse device for a power distribution system, comprising: The insulator body has a weatherproof component; A support bracket that extends from the insulator body; A cover, which is connected to the insulator body, has a cover contact; A hinge member extending from the insulator body; and A recloser, pivotally connected to the insulator body via a pivot engagement with the hinge member, the recloser having: A current sensor configured to measure the operating current of a power distribution system. A controller, connected to the current sensor, having at least one processor, A circuit interrupter, connected to the controller and configured to disconnect the circuit to interrupt power in at least a portion of the power distribution system, and A selector, which communicates with the controller, can be user-operated to select one of multiple fuse profiles. The controller is configured to trigger the circuit interrupter to disconnect the circuit in response to a detected fault current, wherein the fault current is determined based on a selected fuse profile from a plurality of fuse profiles.

22. The power distribution system fuse device as described in claim 21, wherein, The selector communicates with the controller via radio frequency.

23. The power distribution system fuse device as described in claim 21, wherein, The RFID reader is connected to the controller and communicates with the selector.

24. The power distribution system fuse device as described in claim 21, wherein, The selector communicates with the controller via one or more magnets.

25. The power distribution system fuse device as described in claim 21, wherein, The selector includes multiple magnets and multiple Hall effect sensors that communicate with these magnets.

26. A method for setting the operating parameters of a controller for a fuse device in a power distribution system, comprising: Transmit a signal from the first RFID device; The transmitted signal is received at the second RFID device; The second RFID device emits a response containing fuse curve data; Extract the fuse curve data; as well as The controller's operating parameters are adjusted based on the fuse curve data.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein, The first RFID device is an RFID reader connected to the controller, and the second RFID device is an RFID tag.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein, The fuse profile data includes the profile type and ampere rating.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein, This data is extracted by the controller.

30. A method for setting the operating parameters of a controller for a fuse device in a power distribution system, comprising: Adjust the position of the selector; The position of the selector is sensed to change; The selector sends a signal to the controller based on the change in its position. The controller receives the signal through one or more processors and extracts fuse curve data based on the signal; and The controller's operating parameters are adjusted based on the fuse curve data.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein, Adjusting the selector includes moving the position of the magnet, and sensing a change in the position of the selector includes sensing a change in the position of the magnet.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein, The change in the position of the magnet is a change in its rotational position.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein, The change in position is detected using a Hall effect sensor.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein, The fuse profile data includes at least one of the profile type or ampere rating.

35. The method of claim 30, wherein, This data was retrieved from local storage.

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