Apparatus and method for manufacturing pet and pvc 3d refraction decorative film

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of decorative material manufacturing technology, particularly to equipment and methods for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refracting decorative films. The equipment includes a PET film unwinding roller, a PVC film unwinding roller, a mirror steel roller, a glue roller, a first guide roller, a second guide roller, a third guide roller, a finished film take-up roller, a glue dispensing component, a UV lamp, and a frame. The PET film unwinding roller is rotatably mounted on the right side of the frame, the PVC film unwinding roller is rotatably mounted on the upper left side of the frame, and the finished film take-up roller is rotatably mounted on the lower left side of the frame. The mirror steel roller, glue roller, and first guide roller are horizontally movable and mounted on the upper middle part of the frame. The glue dispensing component is installed above the mirror steel roller and the glue roller, and is used to apply UV glue to the surface where the PET and PVC films are bonded. The second guide roller is located directly below the glue roller, and the length of the UV lamp is the same as the length of the mirror steel roller. A first driving component drives the finished film take-up roller to rotate, ensuring that the 3D refracting decorative film achieves a smooth, flat surface free of orange peel texture and interlayer bubbles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of decorative material manufacturing technology, and in particular to equipment and methods for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of decorative materials, decorative films with three-dimensional refractive effects are widely used in construction, furniture, and other fields due to their unique visual appeal and excellent surface properties. Among them, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite films, combining the high transparency and scratch resistance of PET with the good flexibility and moldability of PVC, have become ideal substrates for manufacturing refractive decorative films. However, existing manufacturing processes still face many technical bottlenecks in achieving high bonding strength, high surface hardness, and excellent appearance quality.

[0003] Currently, conventional PET / PVC composite film preparation mainly employs dry lamination or hot melt adhesive lamination. Dry lamination requires solvent-based adhesives and involves coating, drying, and hot-pressing processes. This method is not only energy-intensive and lengthy, but also leaves residual solvents that can cause environmental and health problems. Furthermore, the uniformity of the adhesive layer is difficult to control, and the subsequent curing of two-component polyurethane adhesives can generate bubbles, leading to insufficient peel strength or orange peel texture. While hot melt adhesive lamination eliminates solvent evaporation, the high hot-pressing temperature (typically exceeding 120°C) can easily cause thermal shrinkage and deformation of the PVC base film, thereby damaging the pre-imprinted fine refractive patterns and affecting the optical performance of the final product. In addition, composite films prepared using these two traditional processes often exhibit low adhesion between the PET and PVC layers (peel strength typically only reaches a mild separation level), insufficient surface hardness (generally below 1H), and poor stain resistance. Writing with oil-based pens is difficult to erase cleanly, failing to meet the stringent requirements of high-end applications for durability and easy cleaning.

[0004] Furthermore, existing production equipment often separates PET unwinding, PVC unwinding, gluing, lamination, and curing into independent units. This results in large equipment footprints, complex tension control, and a lack of coordination between processes, making the composite film prone to warping or misalignment of refractive patterns due to tension fluctuations. Especially for PVC base films pre-imprinted with fine refractive patterns, achieving high-strength, defect-free lamination with the PET top film without damaging the patterns, while ensuring the finished film possesses tear-level interlayer adhesion, a surface pencil hardness of 2H or higher, and excellent stain resistance, remains a pressing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide equipment and methods for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refracting decorative films, which integrates production equipment and ensures good coordination among various processes.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refracting decorative films includes a PET film unwinding roller, a PVC film unwinding roller, a mirror steel roller, a glue roller, a first guide roller, a second guide roller, a third guide roller, a finished film take-up roller, a glue dispensing component, a UV lamp, and a frame. The PET film unwinding roller is rotatably mounted on the right side of the frame, the PVC film unwinding roller is rotatably mounted on the upper left side of the frame, and the finished film take-up roller is rotatably mounted on the lower left side of the frame. The mirror steel roller, the glue roller, and the first guide roller are horizontally movable and mounted on the upper part of the middle of the frame, arranged from right to left. The glue dispensing component is installed between the mirror steel roller and the glue roller. The adhesive dispensing component is used to apply UV adhesive to the surface where the PET film and PVC film are bonded; the second guide roller, the third guide roller, and the UV lamp are installed below the adhesive roller; the second guide roller is located directly below the adhesive roller, the third guide roller is installed near the finished film take-up roller, and the UV lamp is installed between the second guide roller and the third guide roller; the UV lamp is installed near the second guide roller, with its top lower than the bottom of the second guide roller, and its length is the same as the length of the mirror steel roller; a first driving component is provided on the side of the frame, and the driving end of the first driving component is connected to one end of the finished film take-up roller and drives the finished film take-up roller to rotate.

[0007] Preferably, guide rails are respectively provided at the upper end of the middle part of the frame at both ends of the mirror steel roller, the rubber roller and the first guide roller; sliders are respectively provided at both ends of the mirror steel roller, both ends of the rubber roller and both ends of the first guide roller, and the ends of the mirror steel roller, the rubber roller and the first guide roller are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the sliders; the lower end of the slider is mounted on the guide rail and can move at the guide rail.

[0008] Preferably, the guide rail has an inverted U-shaped cross-section, the lower end of the slider is inserted into the guide rail, and the lower end of the slider is mounted against the side wall of the guide rail.

[0009] Preferably, the glue dispensing component includes a linear module and a glue dispensing tube. The glue dispensing tube is vertically installed on the slider sidewall of the linear module, and the glue dispensing tube is positioned above the mirror steel roller and the glue roller. The linear module drives the glue dispensing tube to move at both ends of the mirror steel roller.

[0010] Preferably, the second driving member is installed at one end of the PET film unwinding roller and one end of the PVC film unwinding roller, respectively. The driving end of the second driving member is connected to the end of the PET film unwinding roller or the end of the PVC film unwinding roller and drives it to rotate.

[0011] Preferably, a hand turntable is provided at the other end of the PET film unwinding roller, the other end of the PVC film unwinding roller, and the other end of the finished film take-up roller.

[0012] A method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: PET film is placed and installed on the PET film unwinding roller, and PVC film is placed and installed on the PVC film unwinding roller; S2: PET film moving path, the PET film is pulled out from the bottom of the PET film unwinding roller, moved to the top of the mirror steel roller, and pulled down between the mirror steel roller and the rubber roller; S3: PVC film moving path, the PVC film is pulled out from the top of the PVC film unwinding roller, passes through the bottom of the first guide roller and then wraps around the top of the rubber roller, the PVC film is pulled down between the mirror steel roller and the rubber roller, so that one side of the PET film is attached to the other side of the PVC film; S4: The PET film and PVC film are bonded together. The adhesive dispensing component evenly applies UV adhesive to the side of the PET film and PVC film that are to be bonded together. S5: PET film, PVC film and UV adhesive are polymerized. PET film and PVC film pass through the bottom of the second guide roller to the top of the third guide roller at the same time. At this time, the UV adhesive between PET film and PVC film is irradiated by UV lamp tube, which causes polymerization and solidification to form 3D light-reflecting decorative film. S6: The finished film take-up roller rotates clockwise, and the 3D refracting decorative film is wound into the finished film take-up roller from the bottom and wound up at the finished film take-up roller.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the 3D refractive decorative film is 0.20 to 0.60 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the UV adhesive in step S4 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts aliphatic polyurethane acrylate; 15-25 parts bisphenol A epoxy acrylate; 15-25 parts isobornyl acrylate (IBOA); 10-20 parts tetrahydrofuran acrylate (THFA); 3-6 parts photoinitiator (TPO / 184 composite system); 0.5-2 parts modified polysiloxane leveling agent; 0.3-1.5 parts polyether modified polysiloxane defoamer; 1-3 parts silane coupling agent (KH-570 / KH-560); and 0.05-0.2 parts polymerization inhibitor (MEHQ).

[0015] The technical solution provided by this invention may include the following beneficial effects: The frame allows for the installation of PET film unwinding rollers, PVC film unwinding rollers, mirror steel rollers, glue rollers, first guide rollers, second guide rollers, third guide rollers, finished film take-up rollers, glue dispensing components, and UV lamps. The production equipment is integrated, occupies a small area, and is convenient for production.

[0016] 2. UV lamps irradiate the PET and PVC films coated with UV adhesive, initiating polymerization. The resulting film is then wound onto the finished film winding roller, forming a 3D refractive decorative film. This 3D refractive decorative film achieves tear-level interlayer bonding strength, a pencil hardness of 2H or higher on the finished film surface, and a smooth, flat surface free of orange peel texture and interlayer bubbles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a complete structural schematic diagram of the equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the equipment used to manufacture PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram of the middle guide rail and slider; Among them: 1-PET film unwinding roller, 2-PVC film unwinding roller, 3-mirror steel roller, 4-glue roller, 5-first guide roller, 6-second guide roller, 7-third guide roller, 8-finished film take-up roller, 9-glue dispensing component, 10-UV lamp tube, 11-frame, 12-first drive component, 13-guide rail, 14-slider, 15-second drive component, 16-hand turntable, 901-linear module, 902-glue dispensing tube. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features, used to distinguish and describe features, without any order or emphasis.

[0020] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a number" means one or more.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 This invention describes an apparatus and method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refracting decorative films includes a PET film unwinding roller 1, a PVC film unwinding roller 2, a mirror steel roller 3, a glue roller 4, a first guide roller 5, a second guide roller 6, a third guide roller 7, a finished film take-up roller 8, a glue dispensing component 9, a UV lamp tube 10, and a frame 11. The PET film unwinding roller 1 is rotatably mounted on the right side of the frame 11, the PVC film unwinding roller 2 is rotatably mounted on the upper left side of the frame 11, and the finished film take-up roller 8 is rotatably mounted on the lower left side of the frame 11. The mirror steel roller 3, the glue roller 4, and the first guide roller 5 are horizontally movable and mounted on the upper middle part of the frame 11, arranged from right to left. The glue dispensing component 9 is mounted on the mirror steel roller 3 and the... Above the glue rollers 4, the glue dispensing component 9 is used to apply UV glue to the side of the PET film and PVC film to be bonded; the second guide roller 6, the third guide roller 7 and the UV lamp 10 are installed below the glue rollers 4; the second guide roller 6 is located directly below the glue roller 4, the third guide roller 7 is installed near the finished film take-up roller 8, and the UV lamp 10 is installed between the second guide roller 6 and the third guide roller 7; the UV lamp 10 is installed near the second guide roller 6, the top of the UV lamp 10 is lower than the bottom of the second guide roller 6, and the length of the UV lamp 10 is the same as the length of the mirror steel roller 3; a first drive component 12 is provided on the side of the frame 11, the drive end of the first drive component 12 is connected to one end of the finished film take-up roller 8 and drives the finished film take-up roller 8 to rotate.

[0024] This equipment is used to manufacture PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films. A PET film unwinding roller 1 is rotatably mounted on the right side of a frame 11, and a PVC film unwinding roller 2 is rotatably mounted on the upper left side of the frame 11, for placing PET film and PVC film respectively. Both the PET film unwinding roller 1 and the PVC film unwinding roller 2 are rotatably mounted, facilitating the rotation and extraction of bundled PET film and bundled PVC film.

[0025] The PET film is drawn from the PET film unwinding roller 1 and moved to the top of the mirror steel roller 3. The PVC film is drawn from the PVC film unwinding roller 2 and moved to the bottom of the first guide roller 5, then drawn from between the first guide roller 5 and the glue roller 4 to the top of the glue roller 4. Simultaneously, the PET film and PVC film are drawn downwards from between the mirror steel roller 3 and the glue roller 4 and moved to the bottom of the second guide roller 6. The PET film and PVC film are then drawn over the top of the third guide roller 7 and moved to the finished film take-up roller 8 for winding. The driving end of the first drive unit 12 is connected to one end of the finished film take-up roller 8 and drives the finished film take-up roller 8 to rotate, causing the PET film and PVC film to move. The frame 11 allows for the installation of the PET film unwinding roller 1, PVC film unwinding roller 2, mirror steel roller 3, glue roller 4, first guide roller 5, second guide roller 6, third guide roller 7, finished film take-up roller 8, glue dispensing component 9, and UV lamp tube 10. The production equipment is integrated, occupies a small area, and facilitates production.

[0026] The adhesive dispensing component 9 is installed above the mirror steel roller 3 and the adhesive roller 4, facilitating the application of UV adhesive to the surfaces of the PET and PVC films that are to be bonded. The UV lamp 10 is installed between the second guide roller 6 and the third guide roller 7; the UV lamp 10 is installed closer to the second guide roller 6, with its top lower than the bottom of the second guide roller 6. The UV lamp irradiates the PET and PVC films coated with UV adhesive, initiating polymerization, and finally, the films are wound up to the finished film winding roller 8, forming a finished 3D refracting decorative film. The 3D refractive decorative film has the following effects: 1. In terms of interlayer bonding: The arrangement of the UV lamp tube 10 close to the second guide roller 6 allows the adhesive layer to be cured instantly after lamination, completing cross-linking under optimal molecular contact conditions. Combined with a moderate cross-linking density, the cohesive strength of the adhesive layer is higher than that of the substrate itself. When peeled, it exhibits a tearing failure mode similar to that of the substrate, achieving tear-level interlayer bonding strength; 2. In terms of surface hardness: The close-range irradiation of the UV lamp tube 10 ensures complete curing of the adhesive layer from the surface to the interior, with the double bond conversion rate and cross-linking density reaching optimal levels, thereby giving the finished film surface a pencil hardness of 2H or higher; 3. In terms of stain resistance: Sufficient irradiation of the UV lamp tube 10 allows the low surface energy components in the formula to fully migrate to the surface and participate in cross-linking, forming a uniform and dense low surface energy coating, which has good repellency against various common pollutants, giving the finished film excellent stain resistance. 4. No orange peel texture: The high-precision pressing of the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4 provides initial flatness. The UV lamp 10 is located after the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4, giving the adhesive layer sufficient time to level. The position of the UV lamp 10 ensures uniform curing. 5. No interlayer bubbles: The UV lamp 10 is located after the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4. The PET film and PVC film are simultaneously pulled down from between the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4 and moved to the bottom of the second guide roller 6, so that the adhesive layer continuously removes bubbles in the liquid state. The bending of the guide roller is fully utilized to assist in bubble removal. Therefore, the finished film has a flat, smooth surface with no orange peel texture and no interlayer bubbles.

[0027] PET film unwinding roller 1, PVC film unwinding roller 2, and finished film take-up roller 8 can be detachably installed on the frame 11.

[0028] Specifically, guide rails 13 are respectively provided at the upper end of the middle part of the frame 11, at both ends of the mirror steel roller 3, the rubber roller 4, and the first guide roller 5; sliders 14 are respectively provided at both ends of the mirror steel roller 3, both ends of the rubber roller 4, and both ends of the first guide roller 5. The ends of the mirror steel roller 3, the rubber roller 4, and the first guide roller 5 are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the slider 14; the lower end of the slider 14 is mounted on the guide rail 13 and can move at the guide rail 13. This gives the equipment the following beneficial effects: 1. It enables precise adjustment of the gap between the rollers to adapt to substrates of different thicknesses. The slider 14 can move along the guide rail 13, thereby enabling precise adjustment of the pressing gap between the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4, as well as the relative position of the first guide roller 5 relative to the two. When producing PET or PVC films of different thicknesses, the gap between the rollers can be changed by adjusting the position of the slider 14 to ensure that the pressing force is moderate, avoiding deformation or damage to the film due to too small a gap, or poor adhesion and air bubbles due to too large a gap. Meanwhile, the position adjustment of the first guide roller 5 can change the wrap angle and direction of the film material to adapt to different tension requirements. 2. Facilitates film threading operation and maintenance. During initial film threading or film roll replacement, the slider 14 can be moved along the guide rail 13 to separate the mirror steel roller 3 from the rubber roller 4, forming a sufficiently wide operating space. This allows operators to smoothly pass the film material through the gap between the rollers, significantly reducing the difficulty and time of film threading. During routine maintenance or cleaning of the roller surface, the slider 14 can also be moved to separate the rollers, facilitating cleaning or maintenance of the roller surface. 3. Adjusting the pressing pressure to optimize the composite quality. By adjusting the position of the slider 14 on the guide rail 13, the linear pressure between the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4 can be changed. Appropriately increasing the pressing pressure helps to eliminate interlayer air bubbles and improve the adhesion density between the adhesive layer and the substrate; for softer or thinner film materials, the pressure can be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive extrusion and deformation. This adjustable design allows for a wider range of process parameter adjustments, thereby adapting to different material properties and product requirements. 4. Adjusting the position of the guide rollers to optimize film surface flatness and curing effect. The position of the first guide roller 5 can be independently adjusted along the guide rail 13, thereby changing the wrap angle and tension distribution of the film material before entering the subsequent UV curing zone. By adjusting the relative position of the first guide roller 5, the film surface can be kept flat and wrinkle-free. At the same time, adjusting the wrap angle of the film material on the second guide roller 6 indirectly coordinates with the irradiation position of the UV lamp tube 10, further optimizing the curing uniformity and finished product appearance. 5. Improving equipment versatility and process flexibility. Since the three rollers (mirror steel roller 3, rubber roller 4, and first guide roller 5) all adopt a unified guide rail 13 and slider 14 adjustment structure, and each roller can move independently, the equipment can quickly switch between different specifications or different materials of composite film production processes, and can achieve multiple gap and pressure combinations without changing the roller group. This greatly improves the versatility of the equipment and the flexibility of process adjustment, and reduces production switching costs.In summary, by setting the guide rail 13 and slider 14 in a cooperative structure on the frame 11, the positions of the mirror steel roller 3, the rubber roller 4 and the first guide roller 5 can be conveniently and precisely adjusted, thereby achieving multiple technical effects such as adapting to various substrate specifications, facilitating film insertion and maintenance, optimizing composite pressure and tension control, and improving the quality of finished products.

[0029] Further explanation: The guide rail 13 has an inverted U-shaped cross-section. The lower end of the slider 14 is inserted into the guide rail 13, and the lower end of the slider 14 is mounted against the side wall of the guide rail 13. This structure has the following effects: 1. Prevents the slider from detaching from the guide rail, improving operational safety. The upper opening width of the inverted U-shaped guide rail 13 is smaller than the lower groove width. After the lower end of the slider 14 is inserted, most of its lower width is constrained by the narrow upper opening of the guide rail, preventing it from detaching vertically upwards. 2. Achieves high-precision linear guidance, eliminating gap wobble. After the slider 14 is mounted against the guide rail 13, it retains only the linear motion freedom along the direction of the guide rail 13. This fit eliminates the lateral swaying and vertical movement of the slider in the guide rail, ensuring that the mirror steel roller 3, rubber roller 4, and first guide roller 5 always maintain a precise linear motion trajectory during position adjustment, thereby ensuring the parallelism and relative position accuracy between the rollers. 3. Increases the load-bearing area, improving load capacity and stability. The inverted U-shaped structure provides a larger contact area—the two sloping surfaces at the lower end of the slider form surface contact with the sidewall of the guide rail rather than line contact, and the wide groove bottom at the bottom can also serve as an auxiliary bearing surface. This design allows the slider to withstand larger vertical loads (the weight of each roller and its end bearings) and horizontal loads (the reaction force generated during pressing) while maintaining good sliding performance. Compared to ordinary rectangular guide rails, the inverted U-shaped guide rail has higher rigidity and anti-overturning capacity, is less prone to wear and deformation over long-term use, and ensures the stability of the equipment under high-speed continuous operation. 4. Easy to adjust and has self-locking capability. The lower end of the slider 14 is fitted against the sidewall of the guide rail 13, and the friction provided by the contact surface can play a certain damping role, preventing the slider from sliding on its own in an uncontrolled state. After adjustment, the slider position can be firmly locked with a locking device (such as a set screw or pressure plate). The wedge effect of the inverted U-shaped guide rail makes locking more reliable. Even under the action of a large pressing reaction force, the slider will not drift in position, thus ensuring the stability of the roller gap during long-term production.

[0030] Specifically, the adhesive dispensing component 9 includes a linear module 901 and an adhesive dispensing tube 902. The adhesive dispensing tube 902 is vertically mounted on the slider sidewall of the linear module 901, and its position is above the gap between the mirror steel roller 3 and the adhesive roller 4. The linear module 901 drives the adhesive dispensing tube 902 to move at both ends of the mirror steel roller 3, achieving uniform distribution of the adhesive in the film width direction. The linear module 901 drives the adhesive dispensing tube 902 to reciprocate along the axial direction (i.e., the film width direction) of the mirror steel roller 3, so that the UV adhesive is continuously and uniformly applied above the gap between the mirror steel roller 3 and the adhesive roller 4. By adjusting the stroke length of the linear module 901, the movement range of the adhesive dispensing tube 902 can be matched with the actual width of the film material being produced. When switching between PET or PVC films of different widths, there is no need to replace the adhesive application components. Simply adjusting the movement parameters of the linear module allows for precise control of the adhesive application area, preventing adhesive from being applied to ineffective areas (such as sections of the roller surface extending beyond the film width), reducing adhesive waste, and keeping the equipment clean. This design significantly improves the equipment's versatility and process changeover efficiency. The moving adhesive application ensures that the adhesive is initially dispersed before entering the roller gap, making the adhesive layer thickness more consistent during rolling. It also provides more opportunities for tiny air bubbles in the adhesive to escape during dispersion, thus contributing to a bubble-free, orange-peel-free composite appearance.

[0031] Specifically, a second drive unit 15 is installed at one end of the PET film unwinding roller 1 and one end of the PVC film unwinding roller 2, respectively. The driving end of the second drive unit 15 is connected to the end of the PET film unwinding roller 1 or the end of the PVC film unwinding roller 2 and drives it to rotate. The second drive unit 15 actively drives the unwinding rollers, causing the PET film and PVC film to be actively fed out at a set speed. The operator can adjust the speed of each unwinding roller in real time according to the production speed and the change in film roll diameter to ensure that the two film materials enter the lamination station with a precisely matched linear speed. The tension of the two films can be adjusted independently to improve the lamination stability. The materials, thicknesses, and elastic moduli of PET film and PVC film are usually different, and their sensitivities to tension are different. By using two independent second drive units 15 to control the two unwinding rollers respectively, their respective unwinding tension and speed curves can be set. By controlling the torque of the drive components (such as the torque mode of a servo motor), the unwinding tension of each roll of film can be precisely maintained, preventing interlayer misalignment, poor bonding, or film surface deformation caused by tension fluctuations, thereby improving the flatness and interlayer bonding uniformity of the composite film.

[0032] Specifically, a hand dial 16 is provided at the other end of the PET film unwinding roller 1, the other end of the PVC film unwinding roller 2, and the other end of the finished film take-up roller 8. After the initial film threading or film roll replacement, the operator needs to guide the ends of the PET film and PVC film to the respective guide rollers, composite rollers, and take-up rollers. At this time, the corresponding unwinding roller or take-up roller can be slowly rotated by manually turning the hand dial 16, thereby gradually releasing or winding the film end without starting the motor drive. This design makes the film threading process more intuitive and controllable, especially suitable for scenarios that require precise alignment of film edges or adjustment of film surface position, significantly reducing the difficulty of film threading and operation time.

[0033] A method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films includes the following steps: S1: PET film is placed on PET film unwinding roller 1, and PVC film is placed on PVC film unwinding roller 2; S2: PET film moving path, the PET film is pulled out from the bottom of the PET film unwinding roller 1, moved to the top of the mirror steel roller 3, and pulled down between the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4; S3: PVC film moving path, the PVC film is pulled out from the top of the PVC film unwinding roller 2, passes through the bottom of the first guide roller 5 and then wraps around the top of the rubber roller 4. The PVC film is pulled down between the mirror steel roller 3 and the rubber roller 4, so that one side of the PET film is attached to the other side of the PVC film. S4: PET film and PVC film are bonded together. The adhesive dispensing part 9 evenly applies UV adhesive to the side of the PET film and PVC film that are to be bonded together. S5: PET film, PVC film and UV adhesive are polymerized. PET film and PVC film pass through the bottom of the second guide roller 6 to the top of the third guide roller 7 at the same time. At this time, the UV adhesive between PET film and PVC film is irradiated by UV lamp tube 10, which causes polymerization and solidifies to form a 3D refracting decorative film. S6: The finished film take-up roller 8 rotates clockwise, and the 3D refracting decorative film is wound into the finished film take-up roller 8 from the bottom and wound up at the finished film take-up roller 8.

[0034] To further explain, the thickness of the 3D refractive decorative film is 0.20–0.60 mm. This thickness range of 0.20–0.60 mm provides the refractive layer with sufficient structural depth to present a clear, three-dimensional refractive texture, while maintaining moderate flexibility of the film body, facilitating lamination, bending, and construction.

[0035] Specifically, the UV adhesive in step S4 consists of the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts aliphatic polyurethane acrylate; 15-25 parts bisphenol A epoxy acrylate; 15-25 parts isobornyl acrylate (IBOA); 10-20 parts tetrahydrofuran acrylate (THFA); 3-6 parts photoinitiator TPO / 184 composite system; 0.5-2 parts modified polysiloxane leveling agent; 0.3-1.5 parts polyether modified polysiloxane defoamer; 1-3 parts silane coupling agent KH-570 / KH-560; and 0.05-0.2 parts polymerization inhibitor MEHQ. Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate and bisphenol A epoxy acrylate form a rigid-flexible crosslinked network. Combined with IBOA and THFA reactive diluents to adjust viscosity and curing rate, and enhanced by the tackifying effect of a silane coupling agent, tear-level interlayer bonding is achieved between PET and PVC films. The synergistic effect of bisphenol A epoxy acrylate and high-Tg IBOA imparts a pencil hardness of over 2H to the cured film surface. Modified polysiloxane leveling agents reduce surface energy, giving the film excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic stain resistance. Simultaneously, working with polyether-modified polysiloxane defoamers and appropriate adhesive viscosity, they ensure good coating leveling and no air bubble residue, ultimately resulting in a finished film free of orange peel texture and interlayer bubbles. A TPO / 184 composite photoinitiator ensures complete curing throughout, MEHQ polymerization inhibitor extends shelf life, and aliphatic polyurethane acrylate provides resistance to yellowing. Therefore, this UV adhesive, when used with the aforementioned equipment structure, can stably produce thicknesses of 0.20–0.60 mm.

[0036] Testing revealed that the 3D refractive decorative film produced by this invention exhibits the following characteristics: interlayer peel strength ≥ 5N / 15mm, with the failure mode being substrate tearing; surface pencil hardness ≥ 2H; in the stain resistance test, oil-based pen marks can be removed by dry wiping; the appearance is free of orange peel texture and interlayer bubbles, and the flatness is ≤ 0.05mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the UV lamp tube 10 has a power of 800-1200W, a linear speed of 5-15m / min, a curing distance of 5-15mm, and unwinding and rewinding tensions are controlled at 30-80N respectively to ensure that the film material is flat and wrinkle-free and the adhesive layer is fully cured.

[0038] Other components and operations of the apparatus and method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0039] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films, characterized in that: It includes a PET film unwinding roller (1), a PVC film unwinding roller (2), a mirror steel roller (3), a glue roller (4), a first guide roller (5), a second guide roller (6), a third guide roller (7), a finished film take-up roller (8), a glue dispensing component (9), a UV lamp tube (10), and a frame (11). The PET film unwinding roller (1) is rotatably mounted on the right side of the frame (11), the PVC film unwinding roller (2) is rotatably mounted on the upper left side of the frame (11), and the finished film winding roller (8) is rotatably mounted on the lower left side of the frame (11). The mirror steel roller (3), the rubber roller (4) and the first guide roller (5) are horizontally movable and installed at the upper end of the middle part of the frame (11). The mirror steel roller (3), the rubber roller (4) and the first guide roller (5) are respectively arranged from right to left. The glue dispensing component (9) is installed above the mirror steel roller (3) and the glue roller (4), and the glue dispensing component (9) is used to apply UV glue to the side of the PET film and PVC film that are bonded together; The second guide roller (6), the third guide roller (7) and the UV lamp tube (10) are installed below the rubber roller (4); The second guide roller (6) is located directly below the adhesive roller (4), the third guide roller (7) is installed near the finished film winding roller (8), and the UV lamp (10) is installed between the second guide roller (6) and the third guide roller (7). The UV lamp tube (10) is installed near the second guide roller (6), the top of the UV lamp tube (10) is installed below the bottom of the second guide roller (6), and the length of the UV lamp tube (10) is the same as the length of the mirror steel roller (3). The frame (11) is provided with a first driving member (12) on its side. The driving end of the first driving member (12) is connected to one end of the finished film take-up roller (8) and drives the finished film take-up roller (8) to rotate.

2. The equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the frame (11) is provided with guide rails (13) at both ends of the mirror steel roller (3), the rubber roller (4) and the first guide roller (5). Slider (14) is provided at both ends of the mirror steel roller (3), both ends of the rubber roller (4) and both ends of the first guide roller (5). The ends of the mirror steel roller (3), the rubber roller (4) and the first guide roller (5) are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the slider (14). The lower end of the slider (14) is mounted on the guide rail (13) and can be moved at the guide rail (13).

3. The equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide rail (13) has an inverted convex cross-section. The lower end of the slider (14) is inserted into the guide rail (13), and the lower end of the slider (14) is installed against the side wall of the guide rail (13).

4. The equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glue dispensing component (9) includes a linear module (901) and a glue dispensing tube (902). The glue dispensing tube (902) is vertically installed on the slider side wall of the linear module (901). The glue dispensing tube (902) is located above the mirror steel roller (3) and the glue roller (4). The linear module (901) drives the glue-applying tube (902) to move at both ends of the mirror steel roller (3).

5. The equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second driving member (15) is installed at one end of the PET film unwinding roller (1) and at one end of the PVC film unwinding roller (2). The driving end of the second driving member (15) is connected to the end of the PET film unwinding roller (1) or the end of the PVC film unwinding roller (2) and drives it to rotate.

6. The equipment for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hand turntable (16) is provided at the other end of the PET film unwinding roller (1), the other end of the PVC film unwinding roller (2), and the other end of the finished film winding roller (8).

7. The method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: PET film is placed on the PET film unwinding roller (1), and PVC film is placed on the PVC film unwinding roller (2). S2: PET film moving path, the PET film is pulled out from the bottom of the PET film unwinding roller (1), moved to the top of the mirror steel roller (3), and pulled down between the mirror steel roller (3) and the rubber roller (4); S3: PVC film moving path, the PVC film is pulled out from the top of the PVC film unwinding roller (2), passes through the bottom of the first guide roller (5) and then wraps around the top of the rubber roller (4), the PVC film is pulled down between the mirror steel roller (3) and the rubber roller (4) so ​​that one side of the PET film is attached to the other side of the PVC film; S4: The PET film and PVC film are bonded together. The adhesive dispensing component (9) evenly applies UV adhesive to the side of the PET film and PVC film that are bonded together. S5: PET film, PVC film and UV glue are polymerized. PET film and PVC film pass through the bottom of the second guide roller (6) to the top of the third guide roller (7) at the same time. At this time, the UV glue between PET film and PVC film is irradiated by UV lamp tube (10) to initiate polymerization and solidify to form 3D light-reflecting decorative film. S6: The finished film take-up roller (8) rotates clockwise, and the 3D refracting decorative film is wound into the finished film take-up roller (8) from the bottom and wound up at the finished film take-up roller (8).

8. The method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the 3D refractive decorative film is 0.20–0.60 mm.

9. The method for manufacturing PET and PVC 3D refractive decorative films according to claim 7, characterized in that: The UV adhesive described in step S4 consists of the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts aliphatic polyurethane acrylate; 15-25 parts bisphenol A epoxy acrylate; 15-25 parts isobornyl acrylate (IBOA); 10-20 parts tetrahydrofuran acrylate (THFA); 3-6 parts photoinitiator (TPO / 184 composite system); 0.5-2 parts modified polysiloxane leveling agent; and 0.3-1.5 parts polyether modified polysiloxane defoamer. 1-3 parts of silane coupling agent (KH-570 / KH-560); 0.05-0.2 parts of polymerization inhibitor (MEHQ).

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