A dust-proof coal conveying device and its usage method

Abstract

This invention discloses a dust-proof coal mine conveying equipment and its usage method. The method constructs a multiphase microstructure model of recycled aggregate, couples the discrete element method with a particle crushing algorithm, simulates the crack propagation and crushing evolution law of recycled aggregate during the crushing process, and establishes a quantitative correlation between aggregate strength and microstructure parameters based on the simulation results. This invention introduces a real-time crushing energy feedback mechanism and a multi-objective optimization algorithm to synergistically optimize aggregate gradation, loading rate and boundary conditions, thereby improving simulation accuracy and computational efficiency, and achieving accurate prediction of the crushing strength and crushing morphology of recycled aggregate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine conveying equipment technology, and in particular to a dust-proof coal mine conveying equipment and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, common dust control methods for coal mine conveying equipment mainly include setting up dust baffles, enclosed material guide troughs, water spraying for dust reduction, and spray dust suppression. Among them, spray dust suppression systems typically use fixed nozzles arranged along the conveyor line to capture dust particles by continuously or intermittently spraying water. Some systems also combine local ventilators or air curtain devices to try to control dust diffusion through airflow organization. The above technologies have reduced the dust concentration in the working environment to a certain extent and are widely used in coal mine production.

[0003] First, traditional dust suppression methods often operate with fixed parameters, lacking the ability to perceive and adapt to dynamic changes in the moisture content of the conveyed material and local airflow disturbances. For example, when the moisture content of the conveyed material is high, continuing to use a constant spray volume not only wastes water resources but may also lead to excessively wet material, conveyor belt slippage, or even a decline in coal quality. Conversely, when the material is dry or there is a large drop at the transfer point, fixed spraying often cannot respond promptly to sudden changes in dust intensity, resulting in substandard dust suppression effects. Second, in existing technologies, air curtain dust suppression and spray dust suppression are usually designed and controlled independently, lacking a synergistic mechanism. In complex underground airflow environments, the air curtain may blow dust into the blind zone of the spray coverage, while the spray droplets may be carried away from the dust-generating point by the airflow, causing spatial misalignment between the dust suppression medium and the dust source, failing to form an effective dust suppression coupling field.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the problems mentioned above, this invention proposes a dust-proof coal conveying device and its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems of poor adaptability to changes in working conditions, insufficient coordination between air curtains and sprays, and single control methods in existing dust control systems for coal mine conveying equipment, this invention proposes a dust-proof coal mine conveying equipment and its usage method. The system acquires dust concentration, material humidity, and local wind field data in real time by constructing a multi-source sensing network, and dynamically identifies dust generation characteristics based on material moisture content. Then, a central collaborative controller couples and controls the segmented dynamic wind field control units and multi-mode atomization dust suppression units to form a dust suppression coupled action field in both spatial and temporal dimensions, thereby achieving precise dust control during the coal mine conveying process.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a dust-proof coal conveying device, comprising:

[0007] The dust sensing network includes at least forward dust concentration sensors, backward dust concentration sensors, material humidity sensors, and wind speed and direction sensors installed at multiple key nodes along the conveyor line, for real-time collection of dust concentration distribution data, material surface humidity data, and local environmental wind speed and direction data in various areas along the conveyor line. The material feature recognition module, which is connected to the dust sensing network, is used to dynamically identify the theoretical dust generation rate per unit time of the currently conveyed material under different moisture content gradients based on material humidity data and a preset material moisture content-dust generation model, and generate material dust generation characteristic parameters. The material feature recognition module is also used to dynamically correct the preset material moisture content-dust generation model based on the material humidity data and the upstream and downstream dust concentration difference collected by the forward dust concentration sensor and the backward dust concentration sensor, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters can be adaptively calibrated according to the actual change of the moisture content of the conveyed material. The dynamic wind field control unit includes multiple sets of directional air knife components that can independently adjust the air volume and outlet angle, which are set in sections along the length of the conveyor. Based on the dust concentration distribution data and the dust generation characteristic parameters of the material, the output air volume and outlet angle of each set of directional air knife components are adjusted in a closed-loop control manner to form a differentiated dust suppression air curtain in each conveying section. The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit includes multiple sets of intelligent atomizing nozzles that can independently adjust droplet size, injection pressure, and injection angle, arranged in sections along the length of the conveyor. Based on dust concentration distribution data, material dust generation characteristic parameters, and local environmental wind speed and direction data, and on the basis of the dynamic wind field control unit, the unit adjusts the droplet size, injection pressure, and injection angle of each set of intelligent atomizing nozzles in a collaborative control manner to generate wet settling air masses that match the local environmental wind field in areas where dust concentration exceeds the limit. The central coordinating controller is connected to the dust sensing network, material feature recognition module, dynamic airflow control unit, and multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit, respectively, and is used for: By acquiring dust concentration distribution data and combining it with material dust generation characteristic parameters and local environmental wind speed and direction data, a multi-objective collaborative control model is generated with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and constraints on conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption. Based on the real-time calculation results of the multi-objective collaborative control model, the first set of control instructions, which includes the air volume adjustment instructions and angle adjustment instructions of each directional air knife component, is output to the dynamic wind field control unit, and the second set of control instructions, which includes the droplet size adjustment instructions, injection pressure adjustment instructions and injection angle adjustment instructions of each intelligent atomizing nozzle, is output to the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit, so that the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit form a dust suppression coupling field in the spatial and temporal dimensions. Execute multi-mode switching control, including when the moisture content of the conveyed material is higher than a first threshold (8-12%) and the dust concentration is lower than a second threshold (15-25 mg / m³). 3 When the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be below the third threshold (3-5%) and the dust concentration is above the fourth threshold (35-45 mg / m³), switch to the air curtain dust suppression mode that only activates the dynamic air field control unit; when the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be below the third threshold (3-5%) and the dust concentration is detected to be above the fourth threshold (35-45 mg / m³), switch to the air curtain dust suppression mode that only activates the dynamic air field control unit. 3 When the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit are activated simultaneously, switch to the collaborative dust suppression mode.

[0008] Preferably, the central collaborative controller also includes a dust diffusion trend prediction module, which predicts the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration within a future time window based on dust concentration distribution data, local environmental wind speed and direction data, and conveyor operating speed data, using a preset dust diffusion dynamics model; the central collaborative controller will make advance corrections to the first control instruction set and the second control instruction set according to the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration.

[0009] Preferably, the dynamic wind field control unit further includes an air curtain morphology self-checking unit, used to acquire real-time wind pressure data and air curtain coverage width data at the outlet of each directional air knife component; when the real-time wind pressure data is lower than 80% of a preset wind pressure threshold or the air curtain coverage width data is lower than 85% of a preset width threshold, the central coordination controller determines that the corresponding directional air knife component is blocked or malfunctioning, and generates a fault feedback signal containing a fault location identifier and an isolation command; wherein, the preset wind pressure threshold is 300-500 Pa, and the preset width threshold is 0.6-0.8 m.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit also includes a water quality adaptive adjustment unit, which is used to monitor the suspended solids content and ion concentration of the spray water online, and automatically adjust the anti-clogging cleaning frequency and atomization pressure of the atomizing nozzle based on the suspended solids content and ion concentration, so as to maintain the stability of the droplet size distribution of the intelligent atomizing nozzle. Specifically, when the suspended solids content exceeds 50 mg / L or the ion concentration exceeds 800 μS / cm, the anti-clogging cleaning frequency is increased from the default once every 4 hours to once every 1 hour, and the atomization pressure is adjusted from the default 0.5-0.7 MPa to 0.8-1.0 MPa.

[0011] This invention proposes a method for using a dust-proof coal conveying system, comprising the following steps: S1. A multi-source sensing unit including a forward dust concentration sensor, a backward dust concentration sensor, a material humidity sensor, and a wind speed and direction sensor is installed along the conveyor line to establish a dust sensing network and perform zero-point calibration and communication link testing. S2 collects real-time dust concentration distribution data, material surface humidity data, and local environmental wind speed and direction data in various areas along the conveyor through a dust sensing network. The material feature recognition module dynamically generates material dust generation characteristic parameters of the currently conveyed material based on the material humidity data and a preset material moisture content-dust generation model. At the same time, based on the material humidity data and the difference in dust concentration between upstream and downstream, it dynamically corrects the model coefficients of the preset material moisture content-dust generation model, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters are adaptively matched with the actual dust generation characteristics. S3, the central collaborative controller acquires the dust concentration distribution data, material dust generation characteristic parameters, and local environmental wind speed and direction data collected in step S2, and constructs a multi-objective collaborative control model with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and the constraints of conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption; based on the dust concentration distribution data, local environmental wind speed and direction data, and conveyor operating speed data, the central collaborative controller uses a preset dust diffusion dynamics model to predict the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration within a future time window, and performs advance correction on the solution of the multi-objective collaborative control model according to the prediction results, to obtain a first control instruction set for the dynamic wind field control unit and a second control instruction set for the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit; S4, the dynamic wind field control unit adjusts the output air volume and outlet angle of each directional air knife component independently in segments according to the first control instruction set, forming a differentiated dust suppression air curtain in each conveying section. At the same time, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit adjusts the droplet size, spray pressure and spray angle of each intelligent atomizing nozzle independently in segments according to the second control instruction set, generating a wet settling air mass that matches the local environmental wind field in the area where the dust concentration exceeds the limit, so that the dust suppression air curtain and the wet settling air mass form a dust suppression coupling field in the spatial and temporal dimensions. S5, based on the updated dust concentration distribution data fed back in real time by the dust sensing network, the central coordinating controller performs rolling optimization of the multi-objective coordinating control model and performs closed-loop correction of the first and second control command sets until the dust concentration in each region converges to the target threshold range, which is 10-30 mg / m³. 3 .

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention collects material surface humidity data in real time through a material feature recognition module, and dynamically generates material dust generation characteristic parameters by combining a preset material moisture content-dust generation model. At the same time, it uses the difference in dust concentration between upstream and downstream to adaptively correct the model coefficients, enabling the system to adjust the control strategy in real time according to changes in coal quality and moisture content fluctuations. This solves the problem of poor adaptability of traditional fixed parameter dust suppression systems to changes in operating conditions.

[0013] 2. This invention integrates the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit into a central collaborative controller, enabling the dust suppression air curtain formed by the directional air knife assembly and the wet settling air mass generated by the intelligent atomizing nozzle to form a coupled action field in the spatial and temporal dimensions. This overcomes the problems in traditional technologies where the air curtain blows dust into the spray blind zone and the spray is carried away from the dust-generating point by the airflow, and significantly improves the spatiotemporal matching accuracy between the dust suppression medium and the dust-generating source.

[0014] 3. This invention uses a dust diffusion trend prediction module to predict the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration based on dust concentration distribution, local wind field, and conveyor operating speed, and makes advance corrections to control commands, overcoming the lag problem of traditional feedback control. Combined with rolling optimization and closed-loop correction of real-time feedback data, the system response time is shortened from 120 seconds of traditional manual adjustment to 3.5 seconds, and the dust concentration exceedance rate is reduced from 78.6% to 3.2%. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the multi-objective collaborative control process of the central collaborative controller of the present invention. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment: a dust-proof coal conveying device for coal mines. In this embodiment, the dust sensing network is described in detail: The dust sensing network consists of multi-source sensing units installed at multiple key nodes along the conveyor line. In practical engineering applications, the length of conveyors typically ranges from hundreds to thousands of meters. To accurately obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of dust concentration, this invention adopts a segmented approach, installing sensing units at key nodes where dust is easily generated or dispersed, such as the conveyor head transfer point, the middle of the conveyor body, the tail receiving point, and conveyor belt bends. Each sensing unit includes at least a forward dust concentration sensor, a backward dust concentration sensor, a material moisture sensor, and a wind speed and direction sensor.

[0018] The forward and backward dust concentration sensors are arranged in an opposing manner, installed above the conveyor belt at a certain height above the belt surface, with a certain distance between them along the conveying direction. They are used to collect dust concentration data upstream and downstream of the same cross-section. This opposing arrangement can effectively reflect the diffusion trend of dust in the conveying direction. The material moisture sensor uses a non-contact infrared detection method and is installed directly above the conveyor belt to detect the moisture content of the conveyed material surface in real time (since the moisture content of the conveyed material (raw coal) directly determines its dust-generating ability, when the moisture content is below a certain level, coal dust is easily blown away by external forces such as falling and vibration). Wind speed and direction sensors are installed on the sidewalls of roadways or on conveyor supports to collect local wind speed and airflow direction. There is usually a certain amount of ventilation airflow in underground coal mine roadways, with wind speeds generally between 0.5 and 5 m / s. The airflow direction may be in the same direction as the conveying direction, opposite to the direction, or at a certain angle. These local wind field conditions have a significant impact on the dust diffusion path and the settling efficiency of dust suppression media.

[0019] Each sensor is connected to the fieldbus network via wired or wireless means, and collects data in real time according to the preset sampling frequency (1-10Hz). The data is transmitted to the central coordinating controller through the communication protocol. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, the dust sensing network is zero-point calibrated when the system is first put into operation, and is calibrated periodically during operation.

[0020] In this embodiment, the material feature recognition module will be described in detail: The material feature recognition module is connected to the dust sensing network. Based on the material humidity data and the preset material moisture content-dust generation model, it dynamically identifies the theoretical dust generation rate per unit time of the currently conveyed material under different moisture content gradients and generates material dust generation characteristic parameters.

[0021] The material moisture content-dust generation model is a mathematical model established in advance through laboratory experiments or field measurements. Specifically, for commonly transported materials in coal mines (raw coal, clean coal, or coal gangue, etc.), dust generation tests are conducted under different moisture contents to obtain a functional relationship between moisture content and dust generation rate. The dust generation rate exhibits a negative exponential relationship with moisture content. When the moisture content is below 4-6%, the dust generation rate increases exponentially with decreasing moisture content; when the moisture content is above 8-12%, the dust generation rate tends to stabilize and remains at a low level. Based on this characteristic, the material moisture content-dust generation model can be expressed as: E = E0×e -k×M ; Where E is the theoretical dust generation rate per unit time, E0 is the maximum dust generation rate under dry conditions, k is the attenuation coefficient related to the material type, and M is the surface moisture content of the material.

[0022] During operation, the material feature recognition module receives moisture content data collected by the material humidity sensor in real time, substitutes it into the above model to calculate the theoretical dust generation rate per unit time of the current material, and generates material dust generation characteristic parameters. These parameters include not only the dust generation rate value, but also the dust generation rate change gradient information, which are used for subsequent multi-objective collaborative control model solving.

[0023] The material characteristic identification module also includes an adaptive calibration function. Because different batches and sources of coal have different physical properties such as pore structure and particle size distribution, a fixed-coefficient moisture content-dust generation model is difficult to fully adapt to all working conditions. Therefore, this invention includes a dynamic correction mechanism, specifically: The material feature recognition module simultaneously acquires the upstream and downstream dust concentration differences collected by the forward and backward dust concentration sensors. This difference reflects the net dust generation in the conveying direction and is correlated with the theoretical dust generation rate. By comparing the actually measured dust concentration difference with the theoretical dust generation rate calculated by the model, the model coefficient k is dynamically corrected using algorithms such as least squares method or Kalman filtering, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters are adaptively calibrated according to the actual changes in the moisture content of the conveyed material.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 In this embodiment, the dynamic wind field control unit is described in detail: The dynamic airflow control unit includes multiple sets of directional air knife assemblies that are independently adjustable in terms of air volume and outlet angle, arranged in sections along the length of the conveyor. Each set of directional air knife assemblies is installed above or to the side of the conveyor belt, with its outlet facing the conveyor belt surface or the material drop area at the transfer point, to form an airflow barrier covering a specific area, i.e., a dust suppression air curtain.

[0025] The directional air knife assembly adopts a modular design. Each assembly includes an airflow regulating valve, an angle adjustment mechanism, an air pressure sensor, and an air curtain width detection device. The airflow regulating valve adjusts the flow rate of compressed air or fan supply according to instructions from the central controller, thereby controlling the intensity of the air curtain. The angle adjustment mechanism uses an electric or pneumatic actuator to drive the air knife outlet to adjust its angle in both horizontal and vertical directions, allowing the air curtain to dynamically match local airflow conditions and dust diffusion direction. The air pressure sensor is installed at the air knife outlet to monitor the outlet air pressure data in real time; the air curtain width detection device can use ultrasonic or laser ranging to detect the actual coverage width of the air curtain in the target area.

[0026] In implementation, taking a 500-meter-long main haulage roadway conveyor in a coal mine as an example, a set of directional air knife components can be installed every 30 to 50 meters along the conveyor direction, for a total of 10 to 15 sets. The central coordinating controller adjusts the output airflow and outlet angle of each set of directional air knife components in a closed-loop control manner based on dust concentration distribution data collected by the dust sensing network and material dust generation characteristic parameters generated by the material characteristic identification module. When the dust concentration in a certain conveying section is high, the corresponding directional air knife component is instructed to increase its output airflow and adjust its outlet angle so that the air curtain faces the dust source; when the dust concentration is low, the airflow is reduced accordingly to save energy.

[0027] The dynamic wind field control unit is also equipped with an air curtain morphology self-checking unit. This unit acquires real-time wind pressure data and air curtain coverage width data at the outlet of each directional air knife component and reports them to the central coordinating controller. The central coordinating controller has preset wind pressure thresholds and width thresholds, with the wind pressure threshold set to 300Pa to 500Pa and the width threshold set to 0.6m to 0.8m. When the real-time wind pressure data of a certain group of directional air knife components is lower than 80% of the preset wind pressure threshold, or the air curtain coverage width data is lower than 85% of the preset width threshold, the central coordinating controller determines that the directional air knife component is blocked or malfunctioning, and then generates a fault feedback signal containing a fault location identifier and isolation instructions. This notifies maintenance personnel to handle the issue promptly and isolates the group of components from the coordinating control to prevent the overall dust suppression effect from being interfered with by an ineffective air curtain.

[0028] In this embodiment, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit is described in detail: The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit includes multiple sets of intelligent atomizing nozzles arranged in sections along the length of the conveyor, each capable of independently adjusting droplet size, injection pressure, and injection angle. Corresponding to the dynamic airflow control unit, the intelligent atomizing nozzles also adopt a segmented arrangement, with each set of nozzles forming a spatially coupled layout with the directional air knife assembly in the same section.

[0029] The intelligent atomizing nozzle employs high-pressure fine atomization technology, generating droplets of varying sizes by adjusting the water supply pressure and nozzle structure. For larger respirable dust particles (dust particles smaller than 10 μm), fine droplets with a diameter of 20 μm to 50 μm are required for effective capture; for larger settling dust particles, the droplet size can be appropriately increased to enhance settling velocity. The intelligent atomizing nozzle of this invention can adjust the droplet size within the range of 20 μm to 200 μm according to instructions from a central coordinating controller, thereby adapting to the capture requirements of different dust particle size distributions.

[0030] Adjusting the injection pressure directly affects the initial velocity and atomization range of the droplets. When covering a wider area or counteracting strong local airflow, the injection pressure can be increased to give the droplets higher kinetic energy; when precise settling is required, the injection pressure should be decreased to reduce droplet drift. The injection angle is adjusted via an electric rotation mechanism integrated into the nozzle, allowing the atomized jet to be adjusted within a range of ±30° horizontally and 0° to 60° vertically, thus precisely targeting dust sources or dust diffusion channels.

[0031] The multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit also includes a collaborative control mechanism with the dynamic wind field control unit. Based on dust concentration distribution data, material dust generation characteristics, and local environmental wind speed and direction data, the central collaborative controller adjusts various parameters of the intelligent atomizing nozzles in a collaborative manner, building upon the dust suppression air curtain formed by the dynamic wind field control unit. Specifically, when the local environmental wind speed is high and the wind direction is opposite to the conveying direction, the central collaborative controller instructs the dynamic wind field control unit to form a reverse dust suppression air curtain upstream of the dust generation point. Simultaneously, it instructs the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit to use smaller droplet sizes and higher injection pressure, enabling the droplets to penetrate the air curtain and form a wet settling air mass in the dust generation point area. When the local environmental wind speed is low, a larger droplet size and lower injection pressure are used to reduce droplet drift and improve water resource utilization. This coupling effect of the air curtain and atomization allows the dust suppression medium to accurately act on the key areas of dust generation and diffusion, avoiding the problems of the air curtain blowing dust into the spray blind zone or the spray being carried away from the dust generation point by the airflow in traditional technologies.

[0032] The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit also includes a water quality adaptive adjustment unit. Water used for spraying in coal mines typically comes from mine water, whose quality is affected by geological conditions, resulting in significant fluctuations in suspended solids content and ion concentration. This can easily cause nozzle clogging, leading to a decrease in atomization efficiency. The water quality adaptive adjustment unit includes an online water quality monitoring sensor that detects the suspended solids content and ion concentration of the spray water in real time. When the suspended solids content exceeds 50 mg / L or the ion concentration exceeds 800 μS / cm, the water quality adaptive adjustment unit automatically increases the anti-clogging cleaning frequency from the default once every 4 hours to once every hour, and adjusts the atomization pressure from the default 0.5MPa-0.7MPa to 0.8MPa-1.0MPa by adjusting the booster pump frequency. Higher atomization pressure helps to form a stronger shear flow inside the nozzle, reducing particulate matter adhesion. Simultaneously, finer droplet size also helps improve dust suppression efficiency. Through this adaptive adjustment mechanism, the nozzle maintenance cycle can be significantly extended, ensuring the stability of atomization performance during long-term operation.

[0033] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment, the central collaborative controller will be described in detail: The central collaborative controller is connected to the dust sensing network, the material feature recognition module, the dynamic wind field control unit, and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit, respectively. It is implemented using an industrial-grade programmable automation controller or an embedded industrial control computer and runs a multi-objective collaborative control algorithm.

[0034] The central collaborative controller first acquires dust concentration distribution data collected by the dust sensing network, and combines it with material dust generation characteristic parameters generated by the material feature recognition module and local environmental wind speed and direction data to generate a multi-objective collaborative control model with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and constraints on conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption. The model is as follows: Objective function: min J = α × C dust +β×E energy +γ×W water ; Constraints: C dust ≤C max ;P min ≤P air ≤P max Q min ≤Q water ≤Q max ; Among them, C dust E is the weighted average of the dust concentration at each monitoring point. energy W represents the cumulative wind energy consumption of the dynamic wind field control unit. water C represents the cumulative media consumption of the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit. α, β, and γ are weighting coefficients that can be adjusted according to on-site dust suppression requirements and operational economic preferences. max P is the upper limit threshold for dust concentration. air Q represents the output airflow of each directional air knife component. water This refers to the medium flow rate of each intelligent atomizing nozzle.

[0035] The central coordinating controller performs real-time calculations on the aforementioned multi-objective cooperative control model, obtaining a first control command set for the dynamic wind field control unit and a second control command set for the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit. The first control command set includes airflow adjustment commands and angle adjustment commands for each directional air knife component, while the second control command set includes droplet size adjustment commands, injection pressure adjustment commands, and injection angle adjustment commands for each intelligent atomizing nozzle. Through the coordinated execution of these two command sets, the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit form a dust suppression coupling field in both spatial and temporal dimensions, achieving effective dust control.

[0036] The central coordinating controller also includes a dust diffusion trend prediction module. This module, based on dust concentration distribution data, local environmental wind speed and direction data, and conveyor operating speed data, uses a pre-defined dust diffusion dynamics model to predict the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration within a future time window. The dust diffusion dynamics model can employ a simplified model based on computational fluid dynamics or a neural network model based on historical data. Taking the simplified model as an example, dust diffusion within the tunnel can be approximated by a one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation: C / t + u C / x = D 2 C / x 2 +S; Where C is the dust concentration, u is the wind speed, D is the diffusion coefficient, and S is the source term (dust generation rate). By substituting the boundary conditions collected in real time into the equation and solving it, the predicted value of the dust concentration distribution in the next few seconds to tens of seconds can be obtained. The central coordinating controller makes advance corrections to the first and second control command sets based on the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration, that is, it adjusts the wind curtain and spray parameters upstream of the dust generation point in advance, so that the dust suppression medium forms an effective barrier before the dust spreads to the downstream area, overcoming the lag problem of traditional feedback control.

[0037] The central control unit also includes a mode switching function. Based on real-time monitoring data of material moisture content and dust concentration, this function automatically determines the current operating condition and switches to a suitable operating mode. Specifically, when the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be higher than a first threshold of 8% to 12% and the dust concentration is lower than a second threshold of 15 mg / m³, the control unit will switch to the appropriate operating mode. 3 Up to 25mg / m 3 When the material itself exhibits good dust suppression properties and the risk of dust pollution is low, the system switches to an air curtain dust suppression mode that only activates the dynamic airflow control unit. In this mode, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit is in standby mode, and dust diffusion is isolated solely by the air curtain formed by the directional air knife assembly, thereby saving water resources and preventing the material from becoming too wet. When the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be below the third threshold of 3% to 5% and the dust concentration is above the fourth threshold of 35 mg / m³, the system switches to an air curtain dust suppression mode that only activates the dynamic airflow control unit. 3 Up to 45mg / m 3 If the material is dry and dust is severe, the system switches to a coordinated dust suppression mode that simultaneously activates the dynamic airflow control unit and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit. In this mode, the air curtain and atomization work together to maximize dust suppression efficiency and ensure that the dust concentration quickly decreases to a safe range.

[0038] During operation, it runs automatically according to the following process: (1) After the system is started, the dust sensing network is constructed and initialized. Multi-source sensing units are installed at key nodes along the conveyor line, and zero-point calibration and communication link testing of each sensor are completed to ensure the accuracy of data acquisition and the reliability of transmission.

[0039] (2) Entering the stage of real-time acquisition of multi-source data and material feature identification, the dust sensing network collects dust concentration distribution data, material surface humidity data and local environmental wind speed and direction data in each area at a preset frequency and transmits them to the central collaborative controller. The material feature identification module dynamically generates material dust generation characteristic parameters of the current conveyed material based on the material humidity data and the preset material moisture content-dust generation model. At the same time, the module dynamically corrects the model coefficients of the material moisture content-dust generation model based on the material humidity data and the difference in dust concentration between upstream and downstream, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters are adaptively matched with the actual dust generation characteristics.

[0040] (3) The central coordinating controller acquires the above data and constructs a multi-objective coordinating control model with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and constraints of conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption. The dust diffusion trend prediction module uses a dust diffusion dynamics model based on dust concentration distribution data, local environmental wind speed and direction data, and conveyor operating speed data to predict the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration within a future time window. The central coordinating controller performs advance correction on the solution of the multi-objective coordinating control model based on the prediction results to obtain the first control instruction set and the second control instruction set.

[0041] (4) During the generation stage of the differentiated dust suppression coupling field, the dynamic wind field control unit independently adjusts the output air volume and outlet angle of each directional air knife component according to the first control command set, forming a differentiated dust suppression air curtain in each conveying section. At the same time, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit independently adjusts the droplet size, injection pressure and injection angle of each intelligent atomizing nozzle according to the second control command set, generating a wet settling air mass that matches the local environmental wind field in the area where the dust concentration exceeds the limit. The dust suppression air curtain and the wet settling air mass are coupled with each other in the spatial and temporal dimensions to form a highly efficient dust suppression field.

[0042] (5) Finally, the dynamic feedback and closed-loop correction stage begins. The dust sensing network provides real-time feedback of updated dust concentration distribution data. The central coordinating controller performs rolling optimization of the multi-objective coordinating control model and performs closed-loop correction of the first and second control instruction sets until the dust concentration in each region converges to the target threshold range, which is set to 10 mg / m³. 3 Up to 30mg / m 3 .

[0043] This example provides a direct embodiment: This example demonstrates an experiment conducted in a coal mine's main haulage roadway using a 1200mm wide belt conveyor. The conveyor is 650 meters long and has a transport capacity of 1500 tons / hour. The material being transported is raw coal. The roadway is equipped with a local ventilation system, with wind speeds fluctuating between 1.2 m / s and 2.5 m / s, and the airflow direction is generally consistent with the conveying direction. The original dust control system for this conveyor consisted of fixed spray devices installed along the conveyor line, manually controlled by valves, consuming approximately 18 tons of water per day. However, the dust concentration at the transfer point and in the middle of the conveyor body remained at 45 mg / m³. 3 Up to 60 mg / m 3 Between these values, the total dust concentration exceeds the limit specified in the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" (total dust concentration not exceeding 30 mg / m³). 3 ).

[0044] The present invention is installed on the conveyor. A set of multi-source sensing units is set every 40 meters along the conveyor direction, for a total of 16 sets. Each set of sensing units includes a forward dust concentration sensor, a backward dust concentration sensor, a material humidity sensor, and a wind speed and direction sensor. A set of directional air knife assembly and a set of intelligent atomizing nozzles are set every 40 meters along the conveyor direction, respectively arranged in the same cross section as the sensing units. The outlet width of the directional air knife assembly is 400mm, the design wind pressure is 400Pa, and the preset air curtain coverage width is 0.7m. The intelligent atomizing nozzles are high-pressure fine atomizing nozzles with a droplet size adjustment range of 20μm to 150μm and a spray pressure adjustment range of 0.4MPa to 1.2MPa.

[0045] After the system is put into operation, the central coordinating controller performs adaptive control based on real-time monitoring data. The following is an explanation of the operating data under one working condition: The initial moisture content of the conveyed material was 4.2%, indicating a dry state. The material characteristic recognition module calculated that the material's dust generation characteristic parameters indicated a high dust generation rate. The dust sensing network detected a dust concentration of 58 mg / m³ at the transfer point of the conveyor head. 3 The dust concentration in the middle of the fuselage is 42 mg / m³. 3 The central control unit determines that the operating conditions meet the conditions for switching to the collaborative dust suppression mode (material moisture content below 5%, dust concentration above 35 mg / m³). 3 The system automatically switches to collaborative dust suppression mode. Based on the calculation of the multi-objective collaborative control model, air volume adjustment commands are issued to the transfer point of the machine head and the two adjacent directional air knife components, adjusting the output air volume to 85% of the rated air volume and the air outlet angle to be tilted 15° towards the transfer point; spray parameter commands are issued to the intelligent atomizing nozzles in this area, adjusting the droplet size to 40μm, the spray pressure to 0.9MPa, and the spray angle to be at a 30° angle with the conveying direction, forming a wet settling air mass against the wind direction.

[0046] After 30 minutes of operation, data from the dust sensing network indicated that the dust concentration at the transfer point of the machine head had decreased to 28 mg / m³. 3 The dust concentration in the middle of the fuselage dropped to 19 mg / m³. 3 All test points were below 30 mg / m³ 3 The system reaches the target threshold. Once the system enters a stable operating state, the central coordinating controller makes fine adjustments based on real-time feedback data to maintain the dust concentration at each point within the target range.

[0047] After one hour of operation, the moisture content of the conveyed material increased from 4.2% to 9.5%, and the dust concentration further decreased to 12 mg / m³. 3 Up to 18 mg / m 3 Between. The central coordinating controller detected that the material moisture content was higher than 8% and the dust concentration was lower than 25 mg / m³. 3 It automatically switches to the air curtain dust suppression mode, and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit stops spraying. Only the dynamic wind field control unit maintains the operation of the dust suppression air curtain. The average daily water consumption is reduced from 18 tons before the transformation to 4.2 tons, which greatly saves water resources.

[0048] This example compares a conveyor line using the system of this invention with a conveyor line using a traditional fixed spray system under the same operating conditions. The experiment lasted for 7 days, and the average dust concentration, total water consumption, and system operational stability indicators were recorded daily at each detection point. The results are shown in the table below:

[0049] As shown in the table above, this invention reduces the average dust concentration at key detection points by over 60%, and the dust concentration exceedance rate drops from 78.6% to 3.2%, a reduction of 95.9%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the multi-objective collaborative control model and the air curtain-atomization coupled field. Simultaneously, this invention, through adaptive material moisture content recognition and mode switching, saves an average of 70.2% of daily water consumption. Furthermore, the application of the water quality adaptive adjustment subunit reduces nozzle clogging failures by 82.6%, significantly reducing maintenance workload. Moreover, the automated control of the central collaborative controller shortens the system response time from 120 seconds of traditional manual adjustment to 3.5 seconds and possesses an anticipatory correction function, effectively responding to rapid changes in dust concentration.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust-proof coal conveying device for coal mines, characterized in that, include: The dust sensing network includes at least forward dust concentration sensors, backward dust concentration sensors, material humidity sensors, and wind speed and direction sensors installed at multiple key nodes along the conveyor line, for real-time collection of dust concentration distribution data, material surface humidity data, and local environmental wind speed and direction data in various areas along the conveyor line. The material feature recognition module is connected to the dust sensing network and is used to identify the theoretical dust generation rate per unit time of the currently conveyed material under different moisture content gradients based on the material humidity data and the preset material moisture content-dust generation model, and generate material dust generation feature parameters. The dynamic wind field control unit includes multiple sets of directional air knife components that can independently adjust the air volume and air outlet angle, which are set in sections along the length of the conveyor, to form a dust suppression air curtain with differentiated coverage in each conveying section. The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit includes multiple sets of intelligent atomizing nozzles that are segmented along the length of the conveyor and can independently adjust the droplet size, spray pressure and spray angle, which are used to generate wet settling air masses that match the local environmental wind field in areas where the dust concentration exceeds the limit. The central coordinating controller is connected to the dust sensing network, material feature recognition module, dynamic airflow control unit, and multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit, respectively, and is used for: By acquiring dust concentration distribution data and combining it with material dust generation characteristic parameters and local environmental wind speed and direction data, a multi-objective collaborative control model is generated with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and constraints on conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption. Based on the real-time calculation results of the multi-objective collaborative control model, a first set of control commands, including air volume adjustment commands and angle adjustment commands for each directional air knife component, is output to the dynamic wind field control unit, and a second set of control commands, including droplet size adjustment commands, injection pressure adjustment commands, and injection angle adjustment commands for each intelligent atomizing nozzle, is output to the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit, so that the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomizing dust suppression unit form a dust suppression coupling field in the spatial and temporal dimensions.

2. The dust-proof coal conveying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic wind field control unit is specifically used to adjust the output air volume and outlet angle of each group of directional air knife components in a closed-loop control manner according to dust concentration distribution data and material dust generation characteristic parameters, so as to form a differentiated dust suppression air curtain in each conveying section.

3. A dust-proof coal conveying device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit is specifically used to adjust the droplet size, spray pressure and spray angle of each group of intelligent atomizing nozzles in a coordinated control manner based on dust concentration distribution data, material dust generation characteristic parameters and local environmental wind speed and direction data, on the basis of dynamic wind field control unit, so as to generate wet settling air masses that match the local environmental wind field in areas where dust concentration exceeds the limit.

4. A dust-proof coal mine conveying device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central collaborative controller also includes a dust diffusion trend prediction module. The dust diffusion trend prediction module is used to predict the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration within a future time window based on dust concentration distribution data, local environmental wind speed and direction data and conveyor operating speed data, using a preset dust diffusion dynamics model. The central coordinating controller is used to make advance corrections to the first and second control instruction sets based on the spatiotemporal evolution trend of dust concentration.

5. A dust-proof coal conveying device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dynamic wind field control unit also includes an air curtain morphology self-checking unit, which is used to acquire real-time wind pressure data and air curtain coverage width data at the outlet of each directional air knife component; when the real-time wind pressure data or air curtain coverage width data deviates from the preset threshold, the central coordination controller is used to determine whether the corresponding directional air knife component is blocked or in a malfunctioning state, and generates a fault feedback signal containing fault location identification and isolation instructions.

6. A dust-proof coal conveying device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit also includes a water quality adaptive adjustment unit, which is used to monitor the suspended solids content and ion concentration of the spray water online, and automatically adjust the anti-clogging cleaning frequency and atomization pressure of the atomizing nozzle based on the suspended solids content and ion concentration to maintain the stability of the droplet size distribution of the intelligent atomizing nozzle.

7. A dust-proof coal conveying device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central coordination controller is also used to perform multi-mode switching control, including: When the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be higher than the first threshold and the dust concentration is lower than the second threshold, switch to the wind curtain dust suppression mode that only activates the dynamic wind field control unit. When the moisture content of the conveyed material is detected to be lower than the third threshold and the dust concentration is higher than the fourth threshold, the system switches to the collaborative dust suppression mode that simultaneously activates the dynamic wind field control unit and the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit.

8. A dust-proof coal conveying device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material feature recognition module corrects the preset material moisture content-dust generation model based on the material humidity data and the difference in upstream and downstream dust concentration collected by the forward dust concentration sensor and the backward dust concentration sensor, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters can be adaptively calibrated according to the actual change of the moisture content of the conveyed material.

9. A method of using a dust-proof coal mine conveying device, comprising the dust-proof coal mine conveying device as described in claim 8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. A multi-source sensing unit including a forward dust concentration sensor, a backward dust concentration sensor, a material humidity sensor, and a wind speed and direction sensor is installed along the conveyor line to establish a dust sensing network and perform zero-point calibration and communication link testing. S2 collects real-time dust concentration distribution data, material surface humidity data, and local environmental wind speed and direction data in various areas along the conveyor through a dust sensing network. The material feature recognition module generates material dust generation characteristic parameters of the currently conveyed material based on the material humidity data and a preset material moisture content-dust generation model. S3, the central collaborative controller acquires the dust concentration distribution data, material dust generation characteristic parameters and local environmental wind speed and direction data collected in step S2, constructs a multi-objective collaborative control model with the goal of minimizing dust concentration and the constraints of conveying energy consumption and dust suppression medium consumption, and calculates in real time the first control instruction set for the dynamic wind field regulation unit and the second control instruction set for the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit. S4, the dynamic wind field control unit adjusts the output air volume and outlet angle of each directional air knife component independently in segments according to the first control instruction set, forming a differentiated dust suppression air curtain in each conveying section. At the same time, the multi-mode atomization dust suppression unit adjusts the droplet size, spray pressure and spray angle of each intelligent atomizing nozzle independently in segments according to the second control instruction set, generating a wet settling air mass that matches the local environmental wind field in the area where the dust concentration exceeds the limit, so that the dust suppression air curtain and the wet settling air mass form a dust suppression coupling field in the spatial and temporal dimensions. S5, based on the updated dust concentration distribution data fed back in real time by the dust sensing network, the central collaborative controller performs rolling optimization of the multi-objective collaborative control model and performs closed-loop correction of the first control instruction set and the second control instruction set until the dust concentration in each region converges to the target threshold range.

10. The method of using a dust-proof coal mine conveying device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes: dynamically correcting the model coefficients of the preset material moisture content-dust generation model based on the material humidity data and the difference in dust concentration between upstream and downstream, so that the material dust generation characteristic parameters are adaptively matched with the actual dust generation characteristics.

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