A wall structure with earthquake resistance, thermal insulation, waterproofing, and decorative properties and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building materials, specifically to a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure and its preparation method, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer can increase the earthquake resistance and impact resistance of existing buildings and rural self-built houses, reducing the probability of house collapse in the event of a sudden disaster; the waterproof and thermal insulation mortar is used in combination with the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar, resulting in strong bonding performance and good thermal insulation and waterproof properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building materials, and more specifically, to a wall structure for earthquake resistance, thermal insulation, waterproofing and decoration and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of rural construction and housing quality, self-built houses, villas, and multi-story buildings in rural areas are becoming increasingly common. Currently, the exterior wall construction and decoration of such buildings generally adopt the following typical process: after the brick or concrete main structure exterior wall is completed, cement mortar is first used for leveling, followed by the pasting of insulation materials such as polystyrene board (EPS) or extruded polystyrene board (XPS), and usually reinforced with mechanical anchors (such as nails and expansion bolts); then, crack-resistant mortar is applied to the outside of the insulation layer and mesh cloth is embedded to form a protective layer; finally, stone-like textured coatings such as real stone paint, water-based sand, and water-based water are applied to the surface as a decorative layer.

[0003] This insulation structure meets basic insulation and aesthetic requirements, but it has gradually revealed significant shortcomings in terms of long-term performance, structural safety, and economy. Lacking structural safety enhancement functions and with insufficient seismic and impact resistance, its material composition and construction methods do not strengthen the main building structure. Traditional plastering mortar and insulation board systems have low stiffness and poor ductility, and weak ability to deform in tandem with the base wall. When subjected to horizontal loads such as earthquakes and strong winds, or accidental impacts, this decorative insulation layer is extremely prone to cracking and detachment, not only causing its own damage but also potentially leading to secondary disasters, failing to provide any additional seismic reinforcement or impact protection for the overall building.

[0004] On the other hand, during the installation of the insulation layer, mechanical anchors need to penetrate all outer materials and embed themselves into the base wall, creating numerous perforations in the high-ductility, earthquake-resistant mortar layer, severely disrupting its continuity and integrity. Thirdly, existing exterior wall insulation systems have multiple layers. Under long-term environmental stresses such as temperature and humidity cycles, freeze-thaw cycles, and ultraviolet radiation, stress concentration easily occurs within the system, leading to coating peeling, blistering, and cracking, which in turn causes insulation layer detachment, color differences in the finish, and contamination. Significant deterioration typically occurs within just a few years, far below the building's design lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wall structure that is earthquake-resistant, heat-insulating, and waterproof. The high-elongation earthquake-resistant mortar layer can increase the earthquake resistance and impact resistance of the original building and rural self-built house. In the event of a sudden disaster, the house will have a reduced chance of collapse. The waterproof and heat-insulating mortar is used in combination with the high-elongation earthquake-resistant mortar, which has strong bonding performance and good heat insulation and waterproof properties.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a wall anti-earthquake, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure. The process is simple and convenient, using conventional dry mixing, water addition and stirring and coating processes. No complicated equipment is required, and it is easy to carry out on-site construction.

[0007] The technical problem solved by this invention is achieved by the following technical solution.

[0008] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5-6 parts cement, 0.2-0.3 parts lime, 0.03-0.05 parts cellulose, 1-2 parts closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.7-1.5 parts first-cell vitrified microspheres, 1-2 parts second-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2-0.3 parts adhesive powder, 0.02-0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.003-0.006 parts FP6, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, 0.01-0.02 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.01-0.02 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0009] The main component of hydrated lime is calcium hydroxide; In some embodiments of the present invention, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer comprises, by weight, the following raw materials: PE fiber 0.05-0.1 parts, cement 5-6 parts, metakaolin 0.2-0.3 parts, sand and gravel 3-4 parts, water-reducing agent 0.02-0.03 parts, cellulose 0.01-0.02 parts, FP6 0.003-0.005 parts, defoamer 0.003-0.005 parts, adhesive powder 0.1-0.2 parts, expansion agent 0.1-0.2 parts.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the waterproof decorative mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-4 parts white cement, 0.1-0.2 parts metakaolin, 5-6.5 parts sand, 0.02-0.04 parts cellulose, 0.01-0.03 parts water repellent, 0.01-0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005-0.01 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01-0.03 parts wood fiber, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.1-0.2 parts adhesive powder.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the closed-cell vitrified microspheres is 60-80 mesh, the particle size of the first open-cell vitrified microspheres is 100-200 mesh, and the particle size of the second open-cell vitrified microspheres is 10-60 mesh.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the tensile strength of the PE fiber is greater than ≥1600MPa.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the sand and gravel in the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 20-140 mesh.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 1-3 cm.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 2-8 cm thick.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 3-15 mm.

[0017] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a wall earthquake-resistant, thermally insulated, waterproof, and decorative structure, comprising the following steps: S1. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain high-ductility seismic mortar; apply the high-ductility seismic mortar to the wall surface, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the high-ductility seismic mortar layer. S2, after dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar; apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer multiple times, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain waterproof decorative mortar; apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure provided by this invention includes a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, and a waterproof decorative mortar layer. The high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar has a 60-day cubic compressive strength of 51.3 N / mm², a flexural strength of 17.7 N / mm², an equivalent bending strength of 11.9 N / mm², and an equivalent bending toughness of 197.7 KJ / m². When applied to the walls of houses, it can increase the earthquake resistance and impact resistance of existing buildings and rural self-built houses, reducing the probability of house collapse in the event of a sudden disaster.

[0019] 2. The high-strength waterproof and thermal insulation mortar has a bulk density of 372 kg / m³, a dry density of 379 kg / m³, a compressive strength of 1.04 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.0846 W / (m·K), a compressive-shear bond strength of 107 kPa (national standard ≥60 kPa), a volumetric water absorption rate of 6%, a tensile bond strength of 0.19 MPa, and a fire rating of A1. This waterproof and thermal insulation mortar, used in conjunction with high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar, eliminates the need for mechanical anchors, preserving the seismic and impact resistance of the high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer. It also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional thermal insulation mortars, such as insufficient strength, weak adhesion, and poor insulation performance. Furthermore, it incorporates waterproofing, ensuring that even with water penetration, its service life and effectiveness remain unaffected.

[0020] 3. The waterproof decorative mortar has a water absorption rate of 0.2g in 30 minutes and 0.7g in 240 minutes. Its flexural strength reaches 3.6MPa, and its compressive strength reaches 11.0MPa. It shows no visible efflorescence, does not shed powder, has a stain resistance rating of Grade 1, a weather resistance rating of Grade 0, and exhibits minimal change in tensile bond strength after aging cycles. This new type of waterproof decorative mortar effectively combines with thermal insulation and waterproof mortar, providing better protection and decoration. It is easy to apply, resistant to aging, waterproof, and its cost is far lower than that of stone paint, water-based sand coatings, and water-based water-based coatings. It is both environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing. Because the waterproof decorative mortar layer has a certain thickness, it will maintain a new appearance over time despite rain erosion, and will not change color for decades, solving the problems of peeling, discoloration, flaking, and staining of traditional exterior wall paints after only a few years.

[0021] The preparation method provided by this invention is simple and convenient, employing conventional dry mixing, water addition, stirring, and application processes. It requires no complex equipment and is easy to apply on-site. Each layer must be applied after the previous layer has hardened, avoiding interlayer slippage, hollow areas, or peeling caused by uncured lower layers, thus improving the overall structural bonding strength and durability. The multiple-application method for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer helps eliminate defects such as shrinkage cracks and bubbles that may occur with a single thick application, forming a uniform and dense coating, thereby more effectively exerting its thermal insulation and waterproofing properties. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2This is a photograph of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a physical example of the waterproof decorative mortar layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a physical example of the waterproof decorative mortar layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is the first test report for the high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the second test report for the high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the third test report for the high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the first test report for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the second test report for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is the third test report for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is the fourth test report for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is the first test report for the waterproof decorative mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is the second test report for the waterproof decorative mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is the third test report for the waterproof decorative mortar in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: The composition includes: 0.05-0.1 parts PE fiber, 5-6 parts cement, 0.2-0.3 parts metakaolin, 3-4 parts sand and gravel, 0.02-0.03 parts water-reducing agent, 0.01-0.02 parts cellulose, 0.003-0.005 parts FP6, 0.003-0.005 parts defoamer, 0.1-0.2 parts adhesive powder, and 0.1-0.2 parts expanding agent. The tensile strength of the PE fiber is greater than or equal to 1600 MPa, and the particle size of the sand and gravel is 20-140 mesh.

[0027] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: The composition includes: 5-6 parts cement, 0.2-0.3 parts lime, 0.03-0.05 parts cellulose, 1-2 parts closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.7-1.5 parts first-cell vitrified microspheres, 1-2 parts second-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2-0.3 parts adhesive powder, 0.02-0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.003-0.006 parts FP6, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, 0.01-0.02 parts 3mm short fibers, and 0.01-0.02 parts 6mm short fibers. The particle size of the closed-cell vitrified microspheres is 60-80 mesh, the particle size of the first-cell vitrified microspheres is 100-200 mesh, and the particle size of the second-cell vitrified microspheres is 10-60 mesh.

[0028] The waterproof decorative mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-4 parts white cement, 0.1-0.2 parts metakaolin, 5-6.5 parts sand, 0.02-0.04 parts cellulose, 0.01-0.03 parts water repellent, 0.01-0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005-0.01 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01-0.03 parts wood fiber, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.1-0.2 parts adhesive powder.

[0029] The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 1-3cm. The thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 2-8cm. The thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 3-15mm.

[0030] The preparation method of the above-mentioned earthquake-resistant, thermally insulated, waterproof, and decorative wall structure includes the following steps: S1. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain high-ductility seismic mortar; apply the high-ductility seismic mortar to the wall surface, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the high-ductility seismic mortar layer. S2, after dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar; apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer multiple times, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain waterproof decorative mortar; apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0031] The effects of each raw material in the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: The main function of high-ductility seismic mortar is to impart high toughness, high crack resistance, and a certain degree of impact resistance to the wall base layer, serving as a structural reinforcement layer for the wall. Cement, as the main cementitious material, provides strength and structural framework. Metakaolin, a high-performance mineral admixture, reacts with cement hydration products, significantly improving the mortar's density, early and late mechanical strength, and significantly enhancing its impermeability and durability. Sand and gravel, as aggregates, form the mortar's framework, reducing costs and stabilizing volume. PE fibers (high-strength polyethylene fibers), as reinforcing materials, form a three-dimensional network within the mortar matrix, effectively inhibiting the generation and propagation of microcracks. When the high-ductility seismic mortar layer cracks under stress, the fibers bear tensile stress through bridging, providing high toughness and ductility. An expansion agent compensates for the chemical and drying shrinkage of the mortar during hardening, reducing internal stress and preventing cracking. Redispersible polymer powder (redispersible latex powder) improves the cohesion, flexibility, and bond strength of mortar to the substrate, and works synergistically with fibers. Water-reducing agent: Reduces water consumption without compromising workability, thereby increasing mortar density and strength. Cellulose ether: Provides water retention and thickening, ensuring full cement hydration and preventing excessive water loss leading to cracking; improves mortar workability and anti-sagging properties. FP6 (starch ether): Provides anti-sagging and thickening effects. Defoamer: Eliminates air bubbles introduced during mixing, improving mortar density and strength, and preventing the formation of seepage channels.

[0032] The function of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is to provide excellent thermal insulation performance and good waterproof and seepage-resistant capabilities. Cement and lime (calcium hydroxide) serve as cementing materials; cement provides strength, while lime provides an alkaline environment to aid cementation and improve the workability of the mortar. Closed-cell vitrified microspheres, first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, and second-open-cell vitrified microspheres are core heat-retaining and lightweight aggregates with multiple particle sizes, achieving particle gradation and making the structure denser, thus improving strength while ensuring thermal insulation. Water-repellent agents (such as organosilicon) are waterproofing materials that migrate to the surface of the mortar pores, changing its surface tension and making it difficult for water to wet and penetrate, giving the mortar overall water-repellent (waterproof) properties. Adhesive powder improves the mortar's adhesion, flexibility, and crack resistance, ensuring a strong bond between the insulation layer and the upper and lower layers, and is not prone to cracking itself. Cellulose ethers retain water and thicken, ensuring that lightweight aggregates do not float or separate during construction and are beneficial for cement hydration. Calcium formate, as an early-strength agent, can promote rapid cement hydration, shorten setting time, and improve early strength even at low temperatures. 3mm and 6mm short fibers, as crack-resistant reinforcing materials, are mainly used to control plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage cracks, improve the cohesion and crack resistance of mortar, and prevent the formation of through cracks that could affect thermal insulation and waterproofing performance.

[0033] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, as the outermost layer, provides durable waterproof protection, weather resistance, stain resistance, and decorative effect. White cement, as the main white cementitious material, provides strength and establishes a light color tone, facilitating the addition of other pigments for tinting and achieving rich decorative effects. Metakaolin improves the density, strength, and impermeability of the surface mortar, reduces efflorescence, and enhances surface hardness and durability. Sand and gravel serve as the main decorative and wear-resistant aggregate. Combinations of different particle sizes and colors can create rich textures (such as stone paint and sandstone effects). A water-repellent agent provides a lotus leaf effect to the outermost layer, preventing water penetration and allowing it to easily roll off, which is key to achieving waterproof, stain-resistant, and self-cleaning functions. Thixotropic agents (such as fumed silica) impart thixotropic properties to the mortar (thinning when stirred and thickening when left to stand), greatly improving the workability, preventing sagging, and making texture design easier to control. Wood fiber, as a crack-resistant and thickening material, effectively reduces cracking, improves workability, and has a certain water-conducting effect, reducing surface color differences. Adhesive powder improves the bond strength between the surface layer and the insulation layer, as well as the flexibility and impact resistance of the mortar, ensuring that the surface layer does not crack or peel off. Cellulose ether ensures full hydration of cement while providing good workability. Calcium formate acts as an early-strength agent, especially in low-temperature or high-humidity environments, helping the surface layer to develop strength quickly and improving its resistance to early rain erosion.

[0034] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Example 1 This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 2cm; the thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 5cm; and the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 5mm.

[0035] The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: The composition includes 0.08 parts PE fiber, 5.75 parts cement, 0.25 parts metakaolin, 3.576 parts 20-140 mesh sand and gravel, 0.025 parts water-reducing agent, 0.01 parts cellulose, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.004 parts defoamer, 0.15 parts adhesive powder, and 0.15 parts expanding agent. The tensile strength of the PE fiber is greater than or equal to 1600 MPa.

[0036] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 5 parts cement, 0.2 parts lime, 0.04 parts cellulose, 2 parts 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.955 parts 100-200 mesh first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 1.5 parts 10-60 mesh second-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2 parts adhesive powder, 0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.005 parts FP6, 0.05 parts calcium formate, 0.01 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.01 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0037] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 3.5 parts white cement, 0.1 parts metakaolin, 6.12 parts sand, 0.025 parts cellulose, 0.02 parts water repellent, 0.01 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.02 parts wood fiber, 0.05 parts calcium formate, and 0.15 parts adhesive powder.

[0038] Among them, the water-repellent agent is NT-10 siloxane water-repellent agent; the water-reducing agent, defoamer, and expansion agent are all from Shanghai Yingshan New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; the thixotropic agent is from Beijing Northern Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. Metakaolin is from Tianzhijiao Kaolin Branch of Inner Mongolia Baogang Hefa Rare Earth Co., Ltd.; cellulose, FP6 starch ether, calcium formate, adhesive powder, water-repellent agent, thixotropic agent, and wood fiber are from Beijing Northern Longhu Technology Co., Ltd.; and the short fiber is from Beijing Futen Technology Co., Ltd.

[0039] As attached Figure 1-4 As shown, proceed with the construction as follows: S1. First, clean the base and ensure the continuity of the wall corners during application, avoiding any breaks. After thoroughly mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:22 to obtain the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar. Apply the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar to the wall surface, ensuring complete coverage without leaving any gaps. After the mortar has dried and hardened, apply another layer, for a total of about 1-3cm. Once the surface has dried and hardened, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is complete. S2. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:100 to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar. Apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility and earthquake-resistant mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hard, apply a second layer. The thickness of each layer is about 2-3cm. After the last layer is dry and hard, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer with red pigment (iron oxide red, added at 2.5% of the dry powder mass), add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:21 to obtain the waterproof decorative mortar. Apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hardened, it becomes the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0040] It should be noted that the ambient temperature during construction should be between 5℃ and 35℃, and construction is prohibited in windy weather, as it may cause surface cracking.

[0041] The test reports for each layer of mortar prepared in the examples are as follows: Figure 5-14 As shown.

[0042] Example 2 This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 2cm; the thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 5cm; and the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 5mm.

[0043] The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: PE fiber 0.05 parts, cement 5 parts, metakaolin 0.2 parts, 20-140 mesh sand and gravel 3 parts, water-reducing agent 0.02 parts, cellulose 0.01 parts, FP6 0.003 parts, defoamer 0.003 parts, adhesive powder 0.1 parts, expansion agent 0.1 parts.

[0044] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 5 parts cement, 0.2 parts lime, 0.03 parts cellulose, 1 part 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.7 parts 100-200 mesh first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 1 part 10-60 mesh second-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2 parts adhesive powder, 0.02 parts water-repellent agent, 0.003 parts FP6, 0.04 parts calcium formate, 0.01 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.01 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0045] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 3 parts white cement, 0.1 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sand, 0.02 parts cellulose, 0.01 parts water repellent, 0.01 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01 parts wood fiber, 0.04 parts calcium formate, and 0.1 parts adhesive powder.

[0046] Follow these steps to carry out the construction: S1. First, clean the base and ensure the continuity of the wall corners during application, avoiding any breaks. After thoroughly mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:22 to obtain the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar. Apply the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar to the wall surface, ensuring complete coverage without leaving any gaps. After the mortar has dried and hardened, apply another layer, for a total of about 1-3cm. Once the surface has dried and hardened, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is complete. S2. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:100 to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar. Apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility and earthquake-resistant mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hard, apply a second layer. The thickness of each layer is about 2-3cm. After the last layer is dry and hard, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer with red pigment (iron oxide red, added at 2.5% of the dry powder mass), add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:21 to obtain the waterproof decorative mortar. Apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hardened, it becomes the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0047] Example 3 This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 2cm; the thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 5cm; and the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 5mm.

[0048] The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: PE fiber 0.1 parts, cement 6 parts, metakaolin 0.3 parts, 20-140 mesh sand and gravel 4 parts, water-reducing agent 0.03 parts, cellulose 0.02 parts, FP6 0.005 parts, defoamer 0.005 parts, adhesive powder 0.2 parts, expansion agent 0.2 parts.

[0049] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 6 parts cement, 0.3 parts lime, 0.05 parts cellulose, 2 parts 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 1.5 parts 100-200 mesh first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 2 parts 10-60 mesh second-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.3 parts adhesive powder, 0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.006 parts FP6, 0.08 parts calcium formate, 0.02 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.02 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0050] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 4 parts white cement, 0.2 parts metakaolin, 6.5 parts sand, 0.04 parts cellulose, 0.03 parts water repellent, 0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.03 parts wood fiber, 0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.2 parts adhesive powder.

[0051] Follow these steps to carry out the construction: S1. First, clean the base and ensure the continuity of the wall corners during application, avoiding any breaks. After thoroughly mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:22 to obtain the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar. Apply the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar to the wall surface, ensuring complete coverage without leaving any gaps. After the mortar has dried and hardened, apply another layer, for a total of about 1-3cm. Once the surface has dried and hardened, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is complete. S2. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:100 to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar. Apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility and earthquake-resistant mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hard, apply a second layer. The thickness of each layer is about 2-3cm. After the last layer is dry and hard, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer with red pigment (iron oxide red, added at 2.5% of the dry powder mass), add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:21 to obtain the waterproof decorative mortar. Apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hardened, it becomes the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0052] Example 4 This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 2cm; the thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 5cm; and the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 5mm.

[0053] The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 0.1 parts PE fiber, 5 parts cement, 0.2 parts metakaolin, 4 parts 20-140 mesh sand and gravel, 0.02 parts water-reducing agent, 0.01 parts cellulose, 0.005 parts FP6, 0.005 parts defoamer, 0.2 parts adhesive powder, and 0.2 parts expansion agent.

[0054] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 6 parts cement, 0.2 parts lime, 0.05 parts cellulose, 2 parts 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 1 part 100-200 mesh first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 2 parts 10-60 mesh second-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2 parts adhesive powder, 0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.003 parts FP6, 0.04 parts calcium formate, 0.02 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.02 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0055] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 4 parts white cement, 0.1 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sand, 0.04 parts cellulose, 0.01 parts water repellent, 0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01 parts wood fiber, 0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.1 parts adhesive powder.

[0056] Follow these steps to carry out the construction: S1. First, clean the base and ensure the continuity of the wall corners during application, avoiding any breaks. After thoroughly mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:22 to obtain the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar. Apply the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar to the wall surface, ensuring complete coverage without leaving any gaps. After the mortar has dried and hardened, apply another layer, for a total of about 1-3cm. Once the surface has dried and hardened, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is complete. S2. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:100 to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar. Apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility and earthquake-resistant mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hard, apply a second layer. The thickness of each layer is about 2-3cm. After the last layer is dry and hard, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer with red pigment (iron oxide red, added at 2.5% of the dry powder mass), add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:21 to obtain the waterproof decorative mortar. Apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hardened, it becomes the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0057] Example 5 This invention provides a wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure, comprising a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 2cm; the thickness of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 8cm; and the thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 5mm.

[0058] The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: PE fiber 0.05 parts, cement 5 parts, metakaolin 0.2 parts, 20-140 mesh sand and gravel 3 parts, water-reducing agent 0.02 parts, cellulose 0.01 parts, FP6 0.003 parts, defoamer 0.003 parts, adhesive powder 0.1 parts, expansion agent 0.1 parts.

[0059] The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 6 parts cement, 0.3 parts lime, 0.05 parts cellulose, 2 parts 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 1.5 parts 100-200 mesh first-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 2 parts 10-60 mesh second-open-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.3 parts adhesive powder, 0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.006 parts FP6, 0.08 parts calcium formate, 0.02 parts 3mm short fiber, and 0.02 parts 6mm short fiber.

[0060] The waterproof decorative mortar layer, by weight, includes the following raw materials: 4 parts white cement, 0.1 parts metakaolin, 5 parts sand, 0.04 parts cellulose, 0.01 parts water repellent, 0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01 parts wood fiber, 0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.1 parts adhesive powder.

[0061] Follow these steps to carry out the construction: S1. First, clean the base and ensure the continuity of the wall corners during application, avoiding any breaks. After thoroughly mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:22 to obtain the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar. Apply the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar to the wall surface, ensuring complete coverage without leaving any gaps. After the mortar has dried and hardened, apply another layer, for a total of about 1-3cm. Once the surface has dried and hardened, the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is complete. S2. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:100 to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar. Apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility and earthquake-resistant mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hard, apply a second layer. Apply a total of 3 layers, each layer being about 2-3 cm thick. After the last layer is dry and hard, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer with red pigment (iron oxide black, added at 3.5% of the dry powder mass), add water and stir evenly. The mass ratio of dry powder to water is 100:21 to obtain the waterproof decorative mortar. Apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer. After the surface is dry and hardened, it becomes the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0062] It should be noted that the ambient temperature during construction should be between 5℃ and 35℃, and construction is prohibited in windy weather, as it may cause surface cracking.

[0063] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no PE fiber is added to the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, while the other raw materials are the same.

[0064] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres are used to replace the first and second open-cell vitrified microspheres, while the other raw materials are the same.

[0065] Experimental Example Based on the above embodiments and comparative examples, the results of testing according to the T / CECS997-2022 standard are shown in Table 1; the results of testing according to the GB / T20473-2021 standard for building thermal insulation mortar are shown in Table 2.

[0066] Table 1 Performance of High-Elongation Seismic Mortar

[0067] Table 2 Performance of Waterproof and Thermal Insulation Mortar

[0068] From Tables 1 and 2, we can conclude that: 1. In high-ductility seismic mortar, within a certain range, the higher the amount of cement and PE fiber added, the higher the equivalent flexural strength and equivalent flexural toughness will be. Water-reducing agents also have a certain reinforcing effect. If PE fiber is not added, the flexural strength and compressive strength are not significantly affected, and the equivalent flexural strength and equivalent flexural toughness are almost negligible. However, equivalent flexural strength and equivalent flexural toughness are key indicators of seismic resistance and impact resistance.

[0069] 2. In high-strength waterproof and thermal insulation mortar, the more various types of vitrified microspheres are added, the better the thermal conductivity, bulk density, and dry density index, but the worse the compressive strength, volume water absorption, compressive shear bond strength, and tensile bond strength. It is necessary to find the optimal combination point between thermal conductivity and other indicators to achieve both thermal insulation and strength, so as not to affect the actual use.

[0070] 3. The combination of various gradations of closed-cell and open-cell vitrified microspheres (first and second open-cell types) allows for a more reasonable combination of strength and insulation effect in high-strength waterproof and thermal insulation mortar, surpassing single-gradation mortar.

[0071] 4. In high-strength waterproof and thermal insulation mortar, the use of 60-80 mesh closed-cell vitrified microspheres alone will not be ideal in terms of compressive strength and compressive-shear bond strength, except for other indices. The disadvantages of using them alone are: (1) increased cost. (2) increased risk of cracking due to the single gradation.

[0072] In summary, the wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof and decorative structure provided by the present invention in this embodiment includes a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer and a waterproof decorative mortar layer.

[0073] 1. The 60-day cubic compressive strength of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar reaches 51.3 N / mm², the flexural strength is 17.7 N / mm², the equivalent bending strength is 11.9 N / mm², and the equivalent bending toughness is 197.7 KJ / m². When applied to the walls of houses, it can increase the earthquake resistance and impact resistance of existing buildings and self-built houses in rural areas, reducing the probability of house collapse in the event of a sudden disaster.

[0074] 2. The high-strength waterproof and thermal insulation mortar has a bulk density of 372 kg / m³, a dry density of 379 kg / m³, a compressive strength of 1.04 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.0846 W / (m·K), a compressive-shear bond strength of 107 kPa (national standard ≥60 kPa), a volumetric water absorption rate of 6%, a tensile bond strength of 0.19 MPa, and a fire rating of A1. This waterproof and thermal insulation mortar, used in conjunction with high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar, eliminates the need for mechanical anchors, preserving the seismic and impact resistance of the high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer. It also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional thermal insulation mortars, such as insufficient strength, weak adhesion, and poor insulation performance. Furthermore, it incorporates waterproofing, ensuring that even with water penetration, its service life and effectiveness remain unaffected.

[0075] 3. The waterproof decorative mortar has a water absorption rate of 0.2g in 30 minutes and 0.7g in 240 minutes. Its flexural strength reaches 3.6MPa, and its compressive strength reaches 11.0MPa. It shows no visible efflorescence, does not shed powder, has a stain resistance rating of Grade 1, a weather resistance rating of Grade 0, and exhibits minimal change in tensile bond strength after aging cycles. This new type of waterproof decorative mortar effectively combines with thermal insulation and waterproof mortar, providing better protection and decoration. It is easy to apply, resistant to aging, waterproof, and its cost is far lower than that of stone paint, water-based sand coatings, and water-based water-based coatings. It is both environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing. Because the waterproof decorative mortar layer has a certain thickness, it will maintain a new appearance over time despite rain erosion, and will not change color for decades, solving the problems of peeling, discoloration, flaking, and staining of traditional exterior wall paints after only a few years.

[0076] The preparation method provided by this invention is simple and convenient, employing conventional dry mixing, water addition, stirring, and application processes. It requires no complex equipment and is easy to apply on-site. Each layer must be applied after the previous layer has hardened, avoiding interlayer slippage, hollow areas, or peeling caused by uncured lower layers, thus improving the overall structural bonding strength and durability. The multiple-application method for the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer helps eliminate defects such as shrinkage cracks and bubbles that may occur with a single thick application, forming a uniform and dense coating, thereby more effectively exerting its thermal insulation and waterproofing properties.

[0077] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wall structure for earthquake resistance, thermal insulation, waterproofing, and decoration, characterized in that, This includes a high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer, a thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer, and a waterproof decorative mortar layer applied sequentially from the inside out; The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5-6 parts cement, 0.2-0.3 parts lime, 0.03-0.05 parts cellulose, 1-2 parts closed-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.7-1.5 parts first-cell vitrified microspheres, 1-2 parts second-cell vitrified microspheres, 0.2-0.3 parts adhesive powder, 0.02-0.03 parts water-repellent agent, 0.003-0.006 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, 0.01-0.02 parts 3mm short fiber, 0.01-0.02 parts 6mm short fiber.

2. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-ductility seismic-resistant mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: PE fiber 0.05-0.1 parts, cement 5-6 parts, metakaolin 0.2-0.3 parts, sand and gravel 3-4 parts, water-reducing agent 0.02-0.03 parts, cellulose 0.01-0.02 parts, FP6 starch ether 0.003-0.005 parts, defoamer 0.003-0.005 parts, adhesive powder 0.1-0.2 parts, expansion agent 0.1-0.2 parts.

3. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof decorative mortar layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-4 parts white cement, 0.1-0.2 parts metakaolin, 5-6.5 parts sand, 0.02-0.04 parts cellulose, 0.01-0.03 parts water repellent, 0.01-0.02 parts thixotropic agent, 0.005-0.01 parts FP6 starch ether, 0.01-0.03 parts wood fiber, 0.04-0.08 parts calcium formate, and 0.1-0.2 parts adhesive powder.

4. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-cell vitrified microspheres have a particle size of 60-80 mesh, the first open-cell vitrified microspheres have a particle size of 100-200 mesh, and the second open-cell vitrified microspheres have a particle size of 10-60 mesh.

5. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tensile strength of the PE fiber is greater than ≥1600MPa.

6. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the sand and gravel in the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 20-140 mesh.

7. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the high-ductility earthquake-resistant mortar layer is 1-3 cm.

8. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer is 2-8cm thick.

9. The wall earthquake-resistant, thermal insulation, waterproof, and decorative structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the waterproof decorative mortar layer is 3-15mm.

10. A method for preparing a wall earthquake-resistant, thermally insulated, waterproof, and decorative structure as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain high-ductility seismic mortar; apply the high-ductility seismic mortar to the wall surface, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the high-ductility seismic mortar layer. S2, after dry mixing all the raw materials of the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain thermal insulation and waterproof mortar; apply the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar to the surface of the high-ductility seismic mortar layer multiple times, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the thermal insulation and waterproof mortar layer. S3. After dry mixing all the raw materials of the waterproof decorative mortar layer evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain waterproof decorative mortar; apply the waterproof decorative mortar to the thermal insulation waterproof mortar layer, and after the surface is dry and hardened, it is the waterproof decorative mortar layer.

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