Super-hydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic driving, light-heat synergy and light-fenton degradation of dye functions and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of oil-water separation and environmental remediation materials technology, specifically disclosing a superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions, as well as its preparation method. First, photothermal magnetic nanomaterial C@Fe3O4 is synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Then, a PDMS-cured system, C@Fe3O4, and CNT nanoparticles are ultrasonically dispersed in a hexane solution in a one-step process. Finally, the melamine sponge is immersed in the solution, ultrasonically cooled, and then dried and cured to obtain a superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions. This process is simple, efficient, uses widely available raw materials, and is environmentally friendly. The prepared sponge not only possesses significant superhydrophobic properties but also exhibits excellent magnetic properties, efficient photothermal conversion effect, stable environmental adaptability, and excellent organic dye degradation performance. It can be efficiently applied to the recovery and purification of oil substances and organic reagents in complex marine environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil-water separation and environmental remediation materials technology, and specifically discloses a superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy and photo-Fenton degradation dye functions and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Oil spills and the discharge of oily wastewater from industries have caused serious environmental pollution and ecological problems, drawing widespread global attention. Among the current mainstream oil-water separation methods, physical adsorption has become a research hotspot due to its advantages such as high separation efficiency and environmental friendliness. In particular, porous sponge materials are widely used due to their high porosity and excellent elasticity.

[0003] However, existing technologies have significant drawbacks: traditional adsorbent materials have extremely low adsorption efficiency for high-viscosity crude oil, making it difficult to meet practical oil spill treatment needs; most superhydrophobic sponges have limited functionality, only possessing oil absorption properties and unable to simultaneously treat pollutants such as organic dyes in oily wastewater; some materials lack directional recovery capabilities, and post-use separation operations are cumbersome, resulting in low reuse rates. Although some studies have attempted to introduce photothermal or magnetic functions, problems such as complex preparation processes, poor functional synergy, and insufficient environmental stability still exist, limiting their practical application.

[0004] Therefore, developing a superhydrophobic sponge that is simple to manufacture and combines magnetically driven directional recycling, photothermal efficient absorption of heavy oil, and photo-Fenton degradation of dyes is of great significance for solving the problem of oil pollution control in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multifunctional superhydrophobic melamine sponge, its preparation method and application. This sponge integrates superhydrophobicity, magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, high-efficiency oil absorption and organic dye degradation functions. The preparation process is simple, efficient and low-cost, and the performance is stable and reliable. It can effectively solve the problems of high-viscosity crude oil recovery and organic dye wastewater treatment, and meet the pollution treatment needs in complex environments.

[0006] The method for preparing multifunctional superhydrophobic melamine sponge according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Dissolve 0.5 g of ferrocene in 50 mL of acetone, place in a beaker and stir vigorously. Then slowly add 3.5 mL of 30% H2O2 and continue stirring for 30 min. Transfer the mixture to a 70 mL stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, seal it, and place it in an oven. Maintain the reaction at 210 °C for 48 h for a solvothermal reaction. After the reaction is complete, allow the reactor to cool naturally to room temperature, pour the product into a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 10000 r / min for 1 min, and collect the precipitate. Wash the precipitate three times with acetone to remove surface impurities, and then dry the precipitate in a 60 °C forced-air drying oven for 12 h to obtain photothermal magnetic C@Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

[0008] (2) Cut the untreated MS into 1×1×1 cm pieces. 3 The cube was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and deionized water for 30 min each to remove impurities from the MS surface.

[0009] (3) Dissolve Dow Corning 184 product A solution and Dow Corning 184 product B solution in 40 mL of n-hexane and sonicate for 20 min; add C@Fe3O4 and CNTs to the PDMS solution and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 120 ℃ forced-air drying oven for 3 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0010] The mass ratio of the PDMS curing system, C@Fe3O4 and CNTs is 0.5-1.25:0.023-0.068:0.227-0.682.

[0011] The PDMS curing system uses commercially available Dow Corning 184 product, which contains a basic component (liquid A) and a curing agent (liquid B). The curing system is obtained by mixing the curing agent (liquid B) and the basic component (liquid A) at a volume ratio of 1:10 and then ultrasonicating.

[0012] The superhydrophobic melamine sponge prepared by this invention is used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. The degradation process is carried out in the presence of H2O2, and the organic dyes are effectively degraded after irradiation under sunlight for 90 min.

[0013] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0014] 1. The preparation process of this invention is simple and efficient: It adopts a one-step ultrasonic impregnation-curing method, which has a short process flow, convenient operation, and low cost. It does not require complex equipment and harsh reaction conditions, which is conducive to large-scale production and industrial application.

[0015] 2. The prepared superhydrophobic sponge has a hydrophobic angle of 155.2° and a separation efficiency of over 99.2% for various organic solvents such as n-hexane and chloroform in ten separate tests. Under simulated sunlight irradiation at 4 kW / m², it can rapidly heat up to 118.7 ℃, and the adsorption capacity for pump oil increases significantly from 28.32 g / g to 71.23 g / g.

[0016] 3. The prepared superhydrophobic sponge has good reusability and environmental stability.

[0017] 4. The prepared superhydrophobic sponge has a convenient and efficient magnetic drive recycling method, and its dye degradation function expands the application of the material in the field of wastewater treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The images show a comparison of the original sponge and the composite sponge of Example 1 of this invention using FESEM.

[0019] Figure 2 (a) is a diagram showing the state of water droplets and oil droplets on the surface and cross-section of the composite sponge in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. (b) is a picture of the silver mirror phenomenon of the composite sponge in water in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. (c) is a diagram showing the state of the original sponge submerged in water and the state of the composite sponge in Embodiment 1 of the present invention floating on water. (d) is a diagram showing the state of the original sponge submerged in water and the state of the composite sponge in Embodiment 1 of the present invention self-cleaning under the rolling of water droplets.

[0020] Figure 3 (a) is a graph showing the hydrophobic angle data of the composite sponge of Example 1 of the present invention after soaking in different pH values ​​for 12 h. (b) is a graph showing the hydrophobic angle data of the composite sponge of Example 1 of the present invention after standing in aqueous solutions at different temperatures for 12 h.

[0021] Figure 4 (a) shows the selective absorption of hexane and chloroform by the composite sponge of Example 1 of the present invention under magnetic drive. (b) shows the saturated absorption data of various oils / organic reagents by the composite sponge of Example 1 of the present invention. (c) shows the absorption data of various oils / organic reagents by the composite sponge of Example 1 of the present invention after ten saturated absorption cycles.

[0022] Figure 5 (ad) shows the surface temperature of the composite sponge of Example 1, the original sponge, and the composite sponge of Comparative Example 1 under four different intensities of simulated solar xenon lamp irradiation, reaching their peak values ​​over time. (b) shows the surface temperature of the composite sponge of Example 1 under an intensity of 4 kW / m². 2 The peak surface temperature under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation.

[0023] Figure 6This invention illustrates the relative concentration variation trend of dyes in different dyeing systems and the corresponding linear fit of the composite sponge in Example 1 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but is not limited thereto.

[0025] 1. Oil / organic solvent absorption capacity and repeatability test

[0026] The oil absorption performance of the prepared composite sponge was tested by immersing it in various oils / organic solvents (such as n-hexane, n-octane, benzene, toluene, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran) for 5 minutes. First, the composite sponge was weighed and recorded as m0. It was then immersed in 20 mL of oil or organic solvent for 5 minutes until mass absorption equilibrium was reached. The sponge was then removed and drained until no excess solvent dripped from the surface. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results, each sample was tested three times, and the average value was taken as the final result. The weight of the removed sponge was recorded as m1. The saturated absorption capacity of the sponge is represented by K, which can be calculated using the following formula: K = (m1 - m0) / m1

[0027] 2. Oil-water separation efficiency

[0028] Two sets of apparatus, one gravity-assisted and one pump-assisted, were used to evaluate the oil-water separation performance of C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS on different oil-water mixtures (n-hexane / water and chloroform / water). The separation efficiency of each mixture was calculated to evaluate the oil-water separation performance of the modified sponge. In the formula, M0 is the mass of water before oil-water separation, M1 is the mass of water after oil-water separation, and η is the oil-water separation efficiency of the sample.

[0029] η = M1 / M0 × 100%

[0030] 3. Environmental stability test

[0031] The composite sponges were soaked in acidic or alkaline solutions with pH values ​​of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 for 12 hours. After soaking, the sponges were rinsed with anhydrous ethanol (to remove residual particles from the sponge surface), dried, and the water contact angle was measured. The composite sponges were also placed in aqueous solutions at temperatures of -20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, and 80 ℃ for 12 hours, dried, and the water contact angle was measured.

[0032] In all the above implementation methods, three composite sponges were soaked, and the average value of the three sets of data was taken to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0033] 4. Photothermal performance

[0034] The composite sponge was placed in an area with a strength of 4 kW / m 2The surface temperature was measured and its stable peak value was determined by irradiating the material under a xenon lamp simulating sunlight for 3 minutes using an infrared thermal imaging instrument. Figure 5 As shown, the composite sponge can quickly reach a peak temperature of 118.7 °C after 60 s of irradiation, proving that the composite sponge has good photothermal properties.

[0035] 5. Photo-Fenton dye degradation performance

[0036] Accurately weigh bromophenol blue (BPB), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and crystal violet (CV) solid powders and dissolve them in water to prepare 0.1 g / L dye solutions. Sample groups (dye + MS, dye + MS + H₂O₂, and dye + C@Fe₃O₄ / CNTs@PDMS@MS + H₂O₂) were placed in darkness and sunlight successively for 90 min. During the experiment, the average solution concentration was calculated every 20 min to evaluate the dye degradation ability of C@Fe₃O₄ / CNTs@PDMS@MS. The dye degradation process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with C₀ and C₂... t Let k(s) represent the initial concentration of the dye and the concentration at time t (min), respectively. —1 Let be the reaction rate constant. Its reaction kinetics can be described by the equation: .

[0037] Example 1

[0038] (1) Dissolve 0.5 g of ferrocene in 50 mL of acetone, place in a beaker and stir vigorously. Then add 3.5 mL of 30% H2O2 within 5 s and continue stirring for 30 min. Transfer the mixture to a 70 mL polytetrafluoroethylene-lined stainless steel reactor, seal it and place it in an oven. Maintain the reaction at 210 °C for 48 h for solvothermal reaction. After the reaction is complete, allow the reactor to cool naturally to room temperature, pour the product into a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 10000 r / min for 1 min, and collect the precipitate. Wash the precipitate three times with acetone to remove residual impurities on the surface, and then dry the precipitate in a 70 °C forced-air drying oven for 12 h to obtain photothermal magnetic C@Fe3O4 nanoparticles;

[0039] (2) Cut the untreated MS into 1×1×1 cm pieces. 3 The cube was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and deionized water for 30 min each to remove impurities from the MS surface.

[0040] (3) Dissolve 0.4 g of Dow Corning 184 product A solution and 0.04 g of Dow Corning 184 product B solution in 40 mL of n-hexane and sonicate for 20 min;

[0041] (4) Add 0.02 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.2 g CNTs (Suzhou Carbon-Available Technology Co., Ltd.) to step (3), and continue sonication for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonication for 1 h. Take out the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0042] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 52.7 g / g for hexane and 107 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 155.2º, and a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated solar xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 118.7 ℃. Under sunlight irradiation, all dyes were essentially degraded within 180 seconds. Figure 6 It can be seen that the degradation is basically complete in terms of time and type.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0045] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0046] (3) Dissolve 0.2 g of Dow Corning 184 product A solution and 0.02 g of Dow Corning 184 product B solution in 40 mL of n-hexane and sonicate for 20 min;

[0047] (4) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS are the same as those in Example 1, step (4);

[0048] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 54.7 g / g for hexane and 108.9 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 151.2º, and a strength of 4 Kw / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 114.2 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 180 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0051] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0052] (3) Dissolve 0.3 g of Dow Corning 184 product A solution and 0.03 g of Dow Corning 184 product B solution in 40 mL of n-hexane and sonicate for 20 min;

[0053] (4) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS are the same as those in Example 1, step (4);

[0054] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 53.6 g / g for hexane and 107.8 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 153.8º, and a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 118.2 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 180 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0057] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0058] (3) Dissolve 0.5 g of Dow Corning 184 product A solution and 0.05 g of Dow Corning 184 product B solution in 40 mL of n-hexane and sonicate for 20 min;

[0059] (4) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS are the same as those in Example 1, step (4);

[0060] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 47.8 g / g for hexane and 94.9 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 155.4º, and a strength of 4 Kw / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 118.2 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 180 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0063] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0064] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0065] (4) Add 0.01 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.2 g CNTs, and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0066] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 54.7 g / g for hexane and 107.2 g / g for chloroform, with weak magnetic properties and a hydrophobic angle of 155.8º. It also demonstrates a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 117.7℃. After 240 s of sunlight irradiation, the dye was basically completely degraded.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0069] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0070] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0071] (4) Add 0.03 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.2 g CNTs, and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60 ℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0072] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 52.7 g / g for hexane and 107 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 153.1º, and a strength of 4 Kw / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 119.4 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 160 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0075] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0076] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0077] (4) Add 0.02 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.1 g CNTs, and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0078] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 56.2 g / g for hexane and 109.7 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 152.4º, and a strength of 4kW / m².2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 102.6℃. After 210 s under sunlight irradiation, the dye was basically completely degraded.

[0079] Example 8

[0080] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0081] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0082] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0083] (4) Add 0.02 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.3 g CNTs, and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60 ℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0084] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 49.2 g / g for hexane and 101.8 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 154.2º, and a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 121.7 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 170 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] (1) The MS cleaning steps are the same as steps (2) in Example 1;

[0087] (2) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0088] (3) Add 0.3 g CNTs and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60 ℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0089] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 54.1 g / g for hexane and 106.8 g / g for chloroform, is non-magnetic, has a hydrophobic angle of 156.1º, and a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 110.8 ℃, and the dye basically did not degrade after 180 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0092] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0093] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0094] (4) Add 0.02 g C@Fe3O4 and continue sonicating for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonicating for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain C@Fe3O4@PDMS@MS;

[0095] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 62.1 g / g for hexane and 113.4 g / g for chloroform, is non-magnetic, has a hydrophobic angle of 148.1º, and a strength of 4 Kw / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 100.2 ℃. After 240 s of sunlight irradiation, the dye was basically completely degraded.

[0096] Comparative Example 3

[0097] (1) Preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: 50 mL of 0.1 mol / L FeCl3·6H2O and 25 mL of 0.05 mol / L FeSO4·7H2O were mixed and stirred vigorously under nitrogen protection. 2 mol / L NaOH solution was added dropwise until pH=10. The reaction was carried out at 60℃ for 30 min. The product was centrifuged, washed three times with deionized water and ethanol alternately, and dried at 60℃ for 12 h to obtain pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

[0098] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0099] (3) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0100] (4) Add 0.02 g Fe3O4 and 0.2 g CNTs, and continue sonication for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonication for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain Fe3O4 / CNTs@PDMS@MS;

[0101] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 51.4 g / g for hexane and 109.8 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 155.9º, and a strength of 4 kW / m². 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 108.7 ℃. After 160 s under sunlight irradiation, the dye was basically completely degraded.

[0102] Comparative Example 4

[0103] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0104] (2) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0105] (3) Prepare 40 mL of n-hexane solution without PDMS;

[0106] (4) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 / CNTs@MS are the same as step (4) in Example 1;

[0107] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 58.7 g / g for hexane and 117 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 0º, and a strength of 4 kW / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 98.7 ℃, and the dye was basically completely degraded after 260 s under sunlight irradiation.

[0108] Comparative Example 5

[0109] (1) The preparation steps of C@Fe3O4 are the same as those in Example 1 (1);

[0110] (2) Preparation of carbon spheres (HCNS): First, 10.4 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TPOS) was mixed with 210 mL of ethanol, 30 mL of H2O and 9 mL of ammonia and stirred for 20 min; then 1.2 g of resorcinol and 1.68 mL of formaldehyde were added and stirred for 24 h. The composite was then centrifuged, washed and dried at 60 °C. The dried composite was then heated to 700 °C at a rate of 2 °C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere and held at that temperature for 5 h for high-temperature carbonization. Finally, the silica template was removed by etching with 10% HF solution for 24 h. After centrifugation, washing and drying at 60 °C, hollow carbon spheres were obtained.

[0111] (3) The MS cleaning steps are the same as step (2) in Example 1;

[0112] (4) The PDMS solution preparation steps are the same as step (3) in Example 1;

[0113] (5) Add 0.02 g C@Fe3O4 and 0.2 g HCNS, and continue sonication for 20 min until the powder is completely dispersed. Then add MS and continue sonication for 1 h. Remove the sponge and place it in a 60℃ forced-air drying oven for 4 h to obtain Fe3O4 / HCNS@PDMS@MS;

[0114] The composite sponge exhibits saturated oil absorption capacities of 57.3 g / g for hexane and 112.9 g / g for chloroform, demonstrates moderate magnetic properties, a hydrophobic angle of 152.1º, and a strength of 4 Kw / m. 2 Under simulated sunlight xenon lamp irradiation, the surface temperature change and its stable peak value were 108.2 ℃. The dye was basically completely degraded after 180 s under sunlight irradiation.

Claims

1. A superhydrophobic melamine sponge with combined magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions, characterized in that: The superhydrophobic melamine sponge is prepared by immersing melamine sponge in a hexane dispersion containing photothermal magnetic nanomaterials C@Fe3O4, CNTs, and PDMS curing system, followed by ultrasonic treatment and drying.

2. The superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the photothermal magnetic nanomaterial C@Fe3O4 is as follows: ferrocene is dissolved in acetone, 30% H2O2 is added under vigorous stirring, and after continuous stirring, it is transferred to a stainless steel reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. After solvothermal reaction, the product is successively centrifuged, washed with acetone, and dried to obtain magnetic C@Fe3O4 material.

3. The superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of ferrocene, acetone, and 30% H2O2 was 0.5g:50ml:3.5ml, the solvothermal reaction temperature was 210℃, and the reaction time was 48h.

4. A method for preparing a superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method steps are as follows: (1) Hydrothermal synthesis of photothermal magnetic nanomaterial C@Fe3O4; (2) First, the PDMS curing system is ultrasonically dispersed in a hexane solution, then C@Fe3O4 and CNTs nanopowder are added and ultrasonically dispersed, and finally the melamine sponge is immersed in it, ultrasonically dispersed, and then dried.

5. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of C@Fe3O4, CNTs and PDMS curing system is: 0.023-0.068:0.227-0.682:0.5-1.

25.

6. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the amount of n-hexane used is 40 mL, which is added to the curing system and sonicated for 20 min. After adding C@Fe3O4 and CNTs, it is sonicated for 20 min. After adding the sponge, it is sonicated for 1 h. The drying temperature is 120 ℃ and the time is 3 h.

7. An application of the superhydrophobic melamine sponge according to claim 1, which combines magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions, characterized in that... The superhydrophobic melamine sponge is used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

8. The application of the superhydrophobic melamine sponge with magnetic drive, photothermal synergy, and photo-Fenton dye degradation functions as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The degradation process takes place in the presence of H2O2, and the organic dyes are effectively degraded after 90 minutes of irradiation under sunlight.

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