Underground engineering outburst prevention drilling intelligent pressure relief device and method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of underground engineering outburst prevention technology, and discloses an intelligent pressure relief device and method for underground engineering outburst prevention drilling, comprising: a main unit, a coupling mounted on the main unit, a connecting rod connected to the coupling, and a drill rod connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the main unit; a slag discharge assembly disposed in a first cavity; and a hydraulic borehole reaming assembly disposed in a second cavity, the hydraulic borehole reaming assembly being used to enlarge the borehole using a water jet. Through the setting of a speed adjustment module, intelligent control is achieved to adaptively match the drilling resistance of the main unit's output power; through the setting of the slag discharge assembly, during the rotation of the drill rod relative to the polished rod, two pairs of rotating blocks can reciprocate, thereby continuously lifting the drill cuttings in the slag discharge trough and simultaneously pushing the drill cuttings towards the borehole opening, avoiding drill cuttings blockage and the formation of mud cakes in the slag discharge trough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering anti-outburst technology, specifically to an intelligent pressure relief device and method for underground engineering anti-outburst drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Outburst prevention in underground engineering is a core control measure in underground construction such as coal mines and tunnels to prevent the sudden eruption of high-pressure gas and fractured coal and rock under stress, which could cause disasters. Drilling outburst prevention is currently the mainstream technology. The principle of drilling outburst prevention is to use a drilling rig to drive the drill rod to drill into the gas-bearing coal and rock strata to form a pressure relief hole. This pressure relief hole breaks the closed state of the coal and rock, allowing the high-pressure gas to be discharged and released along the pressure relief hole. At the same time, it disperses the concentrated stress in the rock and soil, preventing energy accumulation. Drilling outburst prevention technology also includes water jet hole enlargement technology. Its working principle is to expand the influence range of the borehole by impacting with high-pressure water, strengthen the gas escape channel, and further reduce the risk of outburst. This technology relies on specialized drilling equipment to achieve efficient drilling and pressure relief coordination, which is a key support for ensuring the safety of underground engineering.

[0003] However, the existing technology has the following problems: In existing drilling operations, the drill rod experiences uneven drilling resistance due to the uneven hardness of the rock and soil. Higher drilling resistance leads to a greater workload on the drill rod and drilling rig. In actual operation, it is difficult for operators to judge the current drilling resistance, which may result in overload risks for the drill rod and drilling rig. In addition, during the drilling process, drill cuttings are prone to agglomeration or mud cake formation due to compression, causing blockage of the cuttings discharge channel and affecting the smoothness of cuttings discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent pressure relief device and method for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering in order to solve the above-mentioned problems and overcome the defects of the prior art, as detailed below.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering, comprising: a main unit, a coupling mounted on the main unit, a connecting rod connected to the coupling, and a drill rod connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the main unit; the drill rod has a first cavity and a second cavity, two slag discharge grooves are formed on the drill rod, and multiple drill bits are fixedly installed at the end of the drill rod away from the connecting rod; a slag discharge assembly is provided in the first cavity, the slag discharge assembly includes a polished rod, the polished rod is rotatably installed in the first cavity, the end of the polished rod near the drill bit passes through the end of the drill rod, a cone head is fixedly connected to the end of the polished rod near the drill bit, two arc-shaped rings are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the polished rod, two pairs of rotating blocks are rotatably installed in the drill bit, each pair of rotating blocks protrudes from the inner wall of the two slag discharge grooves when rotating, the rotating blocks are used to push the drill slag on the inner wall of the slag discharge grooves and prevent mud cake formation; a hydraulic borehole reaming assembly is provided in the second cavity, the hydraulic borehole reaming assembly is used to enlarge the borehole using a water jet.

[0006] Preferably, the system also includes a mounting bracket on which a movable module is slidably connected vertically, and the main unit is slidably connected horizontally to the movable module. The movable module is adjustable in height and angle on the mounting bracket, and a drive device for driving the main unit to move horizontally is provided between the main unit and the movable module.

[0007] Preferably, the main unit is equipped with a speed regulation module, which includes a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is clamped at the connection between the coupling and the connecting rod. The pressure sensor is connected to the speed regulation module of the main unit via a wire. The pressure sensor is used to detect drilling resistance and transmit the resistance data to the speed regulation module. The speed regulation module adjusts the output power of the main unit according to the drilling resistance.

[0008] Preferably, the cone head is provided with multiple ribs, the rotating block is fixedly connected with a protruding rod, the arc ring is provided with an arc surface including two peaks and two troughs, the protruding rods on the two pairs of rotating blocks are respectively in sliding contact with the arc surfaces of the two arc rings, a reset leaf spring is provided between the rotating block and the interior of the first cavity, the protruding rod can drive the rotating block to swing back and forth when it slides along the arc surface of the arc ring, and the outer wall of the connecting rod is provided with helical blades.

[0009] Preferably, the slag discharge assembly further includes a slide frame, which is horizontally slidably connected inside the first cavity. Two rollers are installed on the slide frame, and the two rollers slide in contact with the arcuate surface of the arcuate ring near the second cavity. A spring is provided between the slide frame and the first cavity. When the arcuate ring rotates, it can drive the slide frame to reciprocate through the two rollers. Two slide rods are fixedly connected to the slide frame. The ends of the two slide rods away from the slide frame are located in the two slag discharge troughs. A sealing plate is fixedly connected to the ends of the slide rods away from the slide frame. A connecting piece is fixedly connected to the sealing plate. Two sets of steel plates are fixedly connected to the connecting piece. The connecting piece and the two sets of steel plates are in contact with the inner wall of the slag discharge trough.

[0010] Preferably, the slide rod is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the drill rod, and the two sealing plates are slidably connected to the two slag discharge troughs respectively, with the two sealing plates covering the sliding connection areas of the two slide rods and the drill rod respectively.

[0011] Preferably, two water spray channels are formed from the second cavity to the outer wall of the drill rod. The connecting rod is provided with a flow channel. The main unit is provided with a high-pressure water supply device that communicates with the flow channel of the connecting rod. The flow channel of the connecting rod is connected to the second cavity. A hinged door is provided in the water spray channel. A spring is provided between the hinged door and the water spray channel.

[0012] Preferably, the hydraulic orifice expansion assembly includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted in a second cavity. A base is fixedly mounted in the second cavity, and a sun gear, a gear ring, and three planetary gears are rotatably mounted on the base. A water wheel is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the sun gear. All three planetary gears mesh with the sun gear, and the gear ring meshes with the three planetary gears. A grooved cylinder is rotatably connected in the second cavity and is fixedly connected to the gear ring. Four through slots are provided on the grooved cylinder, and the through slots of the grooved cylinder pass through the water spray channel during movement.

[0013] Preferably, a perforated rod is hinged to the inner wall of the water spray tank, and a spring is provided between the perforated rod and the water spray tank. A wedge is slidably connected inside the water spray tank. The wedge has an inclined surface and a contact end. The inclined surface of the wedge is located on the movement trajectory of the edge of the channel of the tank. When the edge of the tank contacts the inclined surface of the wedge, it can push the wedge towards the perforated rod. When the wedge moves towards the perforated rod, it can use the contact end to push the perforated rod to swing and block the water spray tank. Multiple water passage holes are opened on the perforated rod. Two of the channels of the tank are respectively connected to baffles, which abut against the wedge when they move.

[0014] A smart pressure relief method for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering includes the following steps: Step 1: Equipment Fixing and Parameter Presetting. Fix the mounting frame, calibrate the drill rod trajectory through the hydraulic lifting mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the moving module, and connect the main unit, coupling, connecting rod and drill rod. Step 2: Drilling Start-up and Speed ​​Matching. Start the main unit, and drive the drill pipe to rotate through the coupling and connecting rod. The drill bit cuts into the formation. The pressure sensor monitors the drilling resistance in real time and transmits it to the speed adjustment module. The main unit output power adaptively matches the drilling resistance. Step 3: Anti-clogging and slag removal. The slag removal component starts with the drill rod. Two pairs of rotating blocks push the drill slag in the slag removal trough. The connecting plate and steel plate scrape off the drill slag attached to the inner wall of the slag removal trough. The drill slag is finally discharged to the borehole through the spiral blades of the connecting rod. Step 4: Hydraulic hole enlargement. The high-pressure water supply device delivers water to the second cavity. The trough rotates with the help of water power. The trough periodically connects with the water spray trough to form an intermittent water jet for hydraulic hole enlargement. Step 5: After completing the operation and resetting the equipment, turn off the high-pressure water supply device and shut down the main unit. Remove the connecting rod and drill rod by moving the module.

[0015] The beneficial effects are: 1. The intelligent pressure relief equipment for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering achieves intelligent control of the main unit's output power to adaptively match the drilling resistance through the setting of the speed adjustment module. It does not require manual intervention of the speed parameters, which not only protects the main unit, connecting rod and drill rod, but also optimizes drilling efficiency. At the same time, through real-time resistance feedback, it can also indirectly judge the geological properties of the drilling area, providing basic data support for the prediction of outburst risk.

[0016] 2. The intelligent pressure relief equipment for anti-outburst drilling in this underground project, through the setting of the slag discharge component, allows two pairs of rotating blocks to reciprocate during the rotation of the drill rod relative to the polished rod, thereby continuously lifting the drill cuttings in the slag discharge trough and pushing the drill cuttings towards the borehole opening, avoiding drill cuttings blockage and mud cake formation in the slag discharge trough. At the same time, the connecting plates and two sets of steel plates in the slag discharge trough can continuously scrape the drill cuttings adhering to the inner wall of the slag discharge trough when moving, preventing drill cuttings from adhering to the slag discharge trough and causing blockage, and also effectively preventing mud cake formation.

[0017] 3. The intelligent pressure relief equipment for anti-outburst drilling in this underground engineering project integrates the hydraulic reaming function into the drill rod through the setting of the hydraulic reaming component. The drill rod can perform both drilling and hydraulic reaming operations. The rotating groove cylinder realizes the intermittent spraying of water jets, which achieves the technical effect of pressurization and pulsed spraying of high-pressure water in the second cavity, making the force of water jet impacting the borehole wall more concentrated, while avoiding the waste of resources caused by continuous water spraying. Through the setting of the borehole rod, the four through slots and two baffles alternately overlap with the water spraying groove. The high-pressure water sprayed from the water spraying groove switches back and forth between two states: flat water jet and thin strip water jet. The more concentrated impact force of the thin strip water jet quickly creates small cracks, and then the large-area impact of the flat water jet expands the cracks, thereby improving the reaming effect. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the host structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drill pipe structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the block structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting piece structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the carriage structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic orifice expansion assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the toothed ring structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the grooved cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the flip-door structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the wedge block structure of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hole rod structure of the present invention.

[0020] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Moving module; 3. Main unit; 31. Coupling; 32. Pressure sensor; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Drill rod; 51. First cavity; 52. Slag discharge chute; 53. Second cavity; 54. Water spray chute; 55. Drill cutter; 6. Slag discharge assembly; 61. Polished rod; 62. Conical head; 63. Arc ring; 64. Rotary block; 65. Protruding rod; 66. Slide frame; 67. Roller; 68. Slide rod; 69. Sealing plate; 610. Connecting piece; 611. Steel sheet; 7. Hydraulic hole enlarging assembly; 71. Base; 72. Rotating shaft; 73. Water wheel; 74. Sun gear; 75. Planetary gear; 76. Gear ring; 77. Groove cylinder; 78. Flip gate; 79. Hole rod; 710. Wedge block; 711. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] One embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 3An intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering includes: a main unit 3, a coupling 31 mounted on the main unit 3, a connecting rod 4 connected to the coupling 31, and a drill rod 5 connected to the end of the connecting rod 4 away from the main unit 3; a mounting frame 1, a movable module 2 vertically slidably connected to the mounting frame 1, the main unit 3 horizontally slidably connected to the movable module 2, the movable module 2 being adjustable in height and angle on the mounting frame 1; a driving device for driving the horizontal movement of the main unit 3 is provided between the main unit 3 and the movable module 2; the drill rod 5 has a first cavity 51 and a second cavity 53, two slag discharge grooves 52 are provided on the drill rod 5, and multiple drill bits 55 are fixedly mounted on the end of the drill rod 5 away from the connecting rod 4; the mounting frame 1 can be fixed to the ground to provide stable support, and the mounting frame 1 is provided with a hydraulic lifting mechanism for driving the movable module 2 to rise and fall precisely. The height of the movable module 2 and the main unit 3 is adjusted. The bottom of the movable module 2 is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism to adjust the angle of the movable module 2 to adapt to the needs of different drilling inclination angles and meet the requirements of all-round drilling operations on the top, sidewall and bottom of the tunnel. The drive device of the main unit 3 and the movable module 2 can provide a stable axial feed force to the main unit 3 to ensure that the drill rod 5 drills at a uniform speed. Multiple connecting rods 4 are provided, and adjacent connecting rods 4 are connected by threads. As the drilling depth increases, the operator can continuously add connecting rods 4 to extend the drilling depth. The two slag discharge grooves 52 on the drill rod 5 form a slag discharge channel with the hole wall. The drill slag generated during the drilling process flows in the opposite direction to the hole opening along the slag discharge grooves 52. After the main unit 3 is started, it drives the drill rod 5 to rotate through the coupling 31 and the connecting rods 4. When the drill rod 5 rotates, multiple drill bits 55 form a continuous cutting surface to perform drilling operations.

[0023] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 2The main unit 3 is equipped with a speed regulation module, which includes a pressure sensor 32. The pressure sensor 32 is clamped at the connection between the coupling 31 and the connecting rod 4. The pressure sensor 32 is connected to the speed regulation module of the main unit 3 via a wire. The pressure sensor 32 is used to detect drilling resistance and transmit the resistance data to the speed regulation module. The speed regulation module adjusts the output power of the main unit 3 according to the drilling resistance. The pressure sensor 32 adopts a thin strain gauge structure and is clamped between the flange connection surfaces of the coupling 31 and the connecting rod 4. This does not affect the rigid connection between the two and can accurately capture the pressure changes generated during power transmission. When the drill bit 55 encounters hard rock formations, the drilling resistance increases, and the resistance generated by the drill rod 5 during drilling increases, which increases the torque required for the coupling 31 to drive the connecting rod 4 to rotate. The pressure sensor 32 detects the increase in the torque required for the coupling 31 to drive the connecting rod 4 to rotate. The pressure applied by the device 31 to the connecting rod 4 is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the speed adjustment module of the main unit 3 via a wire. The speed adjustment module has preset resistance curves corresponding to different formations and power parameter curves that match them. When the resistance data received by the speed adjustment module exceeds the preset threshold, the speed adjustment module will automatically reduce the speed of the drive motor of the main unit 3 and increase the output torque to prevent the drill bit 55 from breaking due to overload. When the resistance data is below the threshold, the speed is increased and the torque is reduced to improve drilling efficiency. This achieves intelligent control of the main unit 3's output power to adaptively match the drilling resistance without manual intervention of the speed parameters. This protects the main unit 3, connecting rod 4 and drill rod 5, optimizes drilling efficiency, and, through real-time resistance feedback, can indirectly determine the formation properties of the drilling area, providing basic data support for anti-outburst risk prediction.

[0024] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Please see Figure 3 - Figure 5A slag removal assembly 6 is provided in the first cavity 51. The slag removal assembly 6 includes a polished rod 61, which is rotatably installed in the first cavity 51. The end of the polished rod 61 near the drill bit 55 passes through the end of the drill rod 5. A cone head 62 is fixedly connected to the end of the polished rod 61 near the drill bit 55. Two arc-shaped rings 63 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the polished rod 61. Two pairs of rotating blocks 64 are rotatably installed inside the drill bit 55. When a pair of rotating blocks 64 rotates, they protrude from the inner wall of the two slag removal grooves 52 respectively. The rotating blocks 64 are used to push the drill cuttings on the inner wall of the slag removal grooves 52 and prevent mud cake formation. The cone head 62 is provided with multiple ribs. A protruding rod 65 is fixedly connected to the rotating block 64. The arc-shaped rings 63 are provided with arcs including two crests and two troughs. The two pairs of rotating blocks 64 have protruding rods 65 that slide in contact with the arc surfaces of the two arc rings 63. A return spring is provided between the rotating block 64 and the inside of the first cavity 51. When the protruding rod 65 slides along the arc surface of the arc ring 63, it can drive the rotating block 64 to swing back and forth. The outer wall of the connecting rod 4 is provided with helical blades. The polished rod 61 can rotate independently relative to the drill rod 5. During drilling, the cone 62 at the end of the polished rod 61 first contacts the bottom rock and soil with the axial feed of the drill rod 5. The cone 62 and the protruding ridges on its surface will embed into the rock and soil. The rock and soil form a circumferential limit through the protruding ridges, causing the polished rod 61 to stop rotating, while the drill rod 5 continues to rotate around the polished rod 61. The two arc rings 63 remain stationary with the polished rod 61. When rotating, the two pairs of rotating blocks 64 synchronously revolve around the polished rod 61. Through the elastic force of the return spring, the upper protrusion 65 of each rotating block 64 always abuts against the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped ring 63, causing the protrusion 65 on the rotating block 64 to slide alternately along the crests and troughs of the arc-shaped surface. When the protrusion 65 slides to the crest position, the arc-shaped surface exerts a pushing force on the protrusion 65, causing the rotating block 64 to swing outward from the slag discharge trough 52. Before swinging, the rotating block 64 is flush with the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52; after swinging, it protrudes from the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52, and the swing direction of the rotating block 64 is away from the drill bit 55. This allows the rotating block 64 to push the drill cuttings in contact with it in the slag discharge trough 52 towards the borehole opening. When swinging, it can also lift the drill cuttings that are close to the slag discharge trough 52, preventing the formation of mud cake and thus preventing the drill cuttings from clogging the slag discharge trough 52. When the convex rod 65 slides to the trough of the arc ring 63, the reset leaf spring pulls the rotating block 64 to quickly reset, so that the rotating block 64 is flush with the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52 again. Therefore, during the rotation of the drill rod 5 relative to the polished rod 61, the two pairs of rotating blocks 64 can swing back and forth, thereby continuously lifting the drill cuttings in the slag discharge trough 52 and pushing the drill cuttings towards the borehole, preventing the drill cuttings from clogging and the formation of mud cake in the slag discharge trough 52. This allows the drill cuttings to move along the two slag discharge troughs 52 to the connecting rod 4, and then be transported to the borehole through the spiral blades on the connecting rod 4.

[0025] In addition, please see Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7The slag discharge assembly 6 also includes a slide 66, which is horizontally slidably connected inside the first cavity 51. Two rollers 67 are mounted on the slide 66, and the two rollers 67 slide in contact with the arcuate surface of the arcuate ring 63 near the second cavity 53. A spring is provided between the slide 66 and the first cavity 51. When the arcuate ring 63 rotates, it can drive the slide 66 to reciprocate through the two rollers 67. Two slide rods 68 are fixedly connected to the slide 66. The ends of the two slide rods 68 away from the slide 66 are located inside the two slag discharge troughs 52. A sealing plate 69 is fixedly connected to the ends of the slide rods 68 away from the slide 66. A connecting piece 610 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 69. Two sets of steel plates 611 are fixedly connected to the connecting piece 610. The connecting piece 610 and the two sets of steel plates 611 are connected to the slag discharge troughs 52. The inner wall of the slag trough 52 is in contact with the slide 66. The slide 66 uses the elastic force of the spring to keep the two rollers 67 always against the arc surface of the arc ring 63. When the arc ring 63 rotates, the peaks and troughs of its arc surface squeeze the two rollers 67 in turn, thereby pushing the slide 66 to make reciprocating linear motion. When the slide 66 reciprocates, it drives the two sealing plates 69 to reciprocate synchronously through the two slide rods 68. When the sealing plates 69 move, they drive the two sets of steel plates 611 to reciprocate synchronously through the connecting piece 610. The connecting piece 610 and the two sets of steel plates 611 are in contact with the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52, so that the connecting piece 610 and the two sets of steel plates 611 can continuously scrape the drill cuttings attached to the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52 when they move, so as to avoid the drill cuttings from adhering to the slag discharge trough 52 and causing blockage, and also effectively avoid the formation of mud cake.

[0026] It is worth noting that, please refer to Figure 7 The slide rod 68 is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the drill rod 5, and the two sealing plates 69 are slidably connected to the two slag discharge troughs 52 respectively. The two sealing plates 69 cover the sliding connection area between the two slide rods 68 and the drill rod 5 respectively. The sealing plates 69 play a sealing role to prevent drill slag from entering the first cavity 51 through the sliding connection area between the slide rods 68 and the drill rod 5.

[0027] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Please see Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 8A hydraulic borehole reaming assembly 7 is installed inside the second cavity 53. The hydraulic borehole reaming assembly 7 is used to enlarge the borehole using a water jet. Two water spray channels 54 are opened from the second cavity 53 to the outer wall of the drill rod 5. A flow channel is provided inside the connecting rod 4. A high-pressure water supply device is provided inside the main unit 3, which is connected to the flow channel of the connecting rod 4. The flow channel of the connecting rod 4 is connected to the second cavity 53. A hinged door 78 is installed inside the water spray channel 54, and a spring is provided between the hinged door 78 and the water spray channel 54. Some boreholes need to be enlarged after drilling is completed. The high-pressure water supply device in the main unit 3 can output high-pressure water, which is directly transported to the second cavity 53 through the flow channel of the connecting rod 4. High-pressure water in the second cavity 53 is sprayed out through two water spray channels 54 to form water jets. The water jets impact the borehole wall to achieve the effect of expanding the borehole. The flap gate 78 plays a sealing role to prevent drill cuttings from entering the second cavity 53 through the water spray channels 54 when there is no water spray. When there is no water spray, the flap gate 78 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the water spray channel 54 by the elastic force of the spring to form a seal. When high-pressure water enters the second cavity 53, the water pressure overcomes the spring tension and pushes the flap gate 78 to open outward, so that the high-pressure water is sprayed out at high speed through the water spray channels 54 to form water jets. After the water supply is stopped, the spring pulls the flap gate 78 to reset and form a seal again.

[0028] It is worth noting that, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 8 - Figure 10 The hydraulic orifice expansion assembly 7 includes a rotating shaft 72, which is rotatably mounted within a second cavity 53. A base 71 is fixedly mounted within the second cavity 53. A sun gear 74, a gear ring 76, and three planetary gears 75 are rotatably mounted on the base 71. One end of the rotating shaft 72 is fixedly connected to a waterwheel 73, and the other end is fixedly connected to the sun gear 74. All three planetary gears 75 mesh with the sun gear 74, and the gear ring 76 meshes with the three planetary gears 75. The second cavity 53 is rotatably connected to... There is a grooved cylinder 77, which is fixedly connected to the gear ring 76. The grooved cylinder 77 has four through slots that pass through the water spray channel 54 during movement. The water wheel 73 is located at the water inlet of the second cavity 53. During water supply, the high-pressure water entering the second cavity 53 impacts the water wheel 73, which in turn drives the rotating shaft 72 to rotate. The rotating shaft 72 drives the sun gear 74 to rotate, and the sun gear 74 drives the gear ring 76 to rotate through three planetary gears 75, forming a planetary reduction structure (e.g.,...). Figure 10As shown in the figure, the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft 72 is converted into the low-speed stable rotation of the gear ring 76. When the gear ring 76 rotates, it drives the groove cylinder 77 to rotate. When the groove cylinder 77 rotates, the through groove above it will periodically pass through the inner opening of the two water spray grooves 54. When the through groove is aligned with the water spray groove 54, the high-pressure water in the second cavity 53 can smoothly enter the water spray groove 54 through the through groove and be sprayed out. When the through groove is misaligned with the water spray groove 54, the solid part of the groove cylinder 77 blocks the inner side of the water spray groove 54, realizing the intermittent spraying of the water jet. This makes the high-pressure water achieve the technical effect of pressurization and pulse spraying in the second cavity 53, making the force of the water jet impacting the hole wall more concentrated, the hole expansion crack more uniform, and avoiding the waste of resources caused by continuous water spraying.

[0029] It is worth mentioning that you should refer to Figure 10 - Figure 13 A perforated rod 79 is hinged to the inner wall of the water spray trough 54. A spring is provided between the perforated rod 79 and the water spray trough 54. A wedge block 710 is slidably connected inside the water spray trough 54. The wedge block 710 has an inclined surface and a contact end. The inclined surface of the wedge block 710 is located on the movement trajectory of the edge of the channel of the trough cylinder 77. When the edge of the trough cylinder 77 contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block 710, it can push the wedge block 710 towards the perforated rod 79. When the wedge block 710 moves towards the perforated rod 79, it can use the contact end to push the perforated rod 79 to swing and block the water spray trough 54. The perforated rod 79 has multiple water passage holes. Two of the channels of the trough cylinder 77 are respectively connected to... Baffle 711 abuts against wedge 710 during movement; the orifice rod 79 is attached to the inner wall of the water spray tank 54 by the elastic force of a spring. When the tank cylinder 77 rotates, the edge of the through groove contacts the inclined surface of wedge 710. As the tank cylinder 77 continues to rotate, the edge of the through groove slides along the inclined surface of wedge 710 and pushes wedge 710 towards orifice rod 79, causing the contact end of wedge 710 to push orifice rod 79 to swing around the hinge axis until orifice rod 79 is attached to the inner wall of water spray tank 54. At this time, the solid part of orifice rod 79 blocks the main channel of water spray tank 54, allowing high-pressure water to be sprayed out through multiple water passages on orifice rod 79 (e.g., Figure 13 As shown), when the water spray tank 54 sprays water as a whole, it forms a flat water jet, while when the water through the orifice of the rod 79 sprays water, it forms multiple thin strip water jets. The impact force of the thin strip water jets is more concentrated. The two baffles 711 are staggered in two opposite through slots (as shown). Figure 12As shown), after the wedge 710 pushes the orifice rod 79 to block the water spray channel 54, the baffle 711 contacts the wedge 710. During the contact between the baffle 711 and the wedge 710, the baffle 711 always presses against the wedge 710, keeping the orifice rod 79 blocking the water spray channel 54. During this process, multiple water passages on the orifice rod 79 spray out thin strips of water jets. When the baffle 711 and the edge of the through channel detach from the wedge 710, the orifice rod 79 resets using spring force, allowing the water spray channel 54 to become unobstructed again, thus forming a flat water jet. As the four through channels and the two baffles 711 alternately overlap with the water spray channel 54, the high-pressure water sprayed from the water spray channel 54 switches back and forth between the flat water jet and the thin strip water jet states. The more concentrated impact force of the thin strip water jet quickly creates small cracks, and the large-area impact of the flat water jet expands the cracks, thereby improving the hole enlargement effect.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: A method for intelligent pressure relief in underground engineering anti-outburst boreholes, employing the intelligent pressure relief device for underground engineering anti-outburst boreholes described in the above embodiments, further includes the following steps: Step 1: Equipment fixing and parameter preset. Fix the mounting frame 1, calibrate the trajectory of drill rod 5 through the hydraulic lifting mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the moving module 2, and connect the main unit 3, coupling 31, connecting rod 4 and drill rod 5. Step 2: Drilling Start-up and Speed ​​Matching. Start the main unit 3, which drives the drill rod 5 to rotate via the coupling 31 and connecting rod 4. The drill bit 55 cuts into the formation. The pressure sensor 32 monitors the drilling resistance in real time and transmits it to the speed adjustment module. The main unit 3 outputs power to adaptively match the drilling resistance. Step 3: Anti-clogging and slag removal. The slag removal component 6 starts with the drill rod 5. Two pairs of rotating blocks 64 push the drill slag in the slag removal groove 52. The connecting plate 610 and the steel plate 611 scrape off the drill slag attached to the inner wall of the slag removal groove 52. The drill slag is finally discharged to the borehole through the spiral blades of the connecting rod 4. Step 4: Hydraulic hole enlargement. The high-pressure water supply device delivers water to the second cavity 53. The trough cylinder 77 rotates with the help of water power. The trough cylinder 77 periodically connects with the water spray trough 54 through the groove to form an intermittent water jet and perform hydraulic hole enlargement. Step 5: After completing the operation and resetting the equipment, turn off the high-pressure water supply device and shut down the main unit 3. Remove the connecting rod 4 and drill rod 5 by moving the module 2.

[0031] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering, characterized in that, include: The host (3) is equipped with a coupling (31), and a connecting rod (4) is connected to the coupling (31). The end of the connecting rod (4) away from the host (3) is connected to a drill rod (5). The drill rod (5) is provided with a first cavity (51) and a second cavity (53). Two slag discharge grooves (52) are opened on the drill rod (5). Multiple drill bits (55) are fixedly installed at the end of the drill rod (5) away from the connecting rod (4). A slag removal assembly (6) is provided in the first cavity (51). The slag removal assembly (6) includes a polished rod (61). The polished rod (61) is rotatably installed in the first cavity (51). The end of the polished rod (61) near the drill bit (55) passes through the end of the drill rod (5). A cone head (62) is fixedly connected to the end of the polished rod (61) near the drill bit (55). Two arc-shaped rings (63) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the polished rod (61). Two pairs of rotating blocks (64) are rotatably installed in the drill bit (55). When a pair of rotating blocks (64) rotates, they protrude from the inner wall of the two slag removal grooves (52). The rotating blocks (64) are used to push the drill slag on the inner wall of the slag removal grooves (52) and prevent mud cake formation. The second cavity (53) is provided with a hydraulic hole enlarging assembly (7), which is used to enlarge the borehole using a water jet.

2. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting frame (1), on which a movable module (2) is vertically slidably connected, and the host (3) is horizontally slidably connected to the movable module (2). The movable module (2) can adjust its height and angle on the mounting frame (1). A drive device for driving the host (3) to move horizontally is provided between the host (3) and the movable module (2).

3. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The host (3) is equipped with a speed adjustment module, which includes a pressure sensor (32). The pressure sensor (32) is clamped at the connection between the coupling (31) and the connecting rod (4). The pressure sensor (32) is connected to the speed adjustment module of the host (3) through a wire. The pressure sensor (32) is used to detect drilling resistance and transmit the resistance data to the speed adjustment module. The speed adjustment module adjusts the output power of the host (3) according to the drilling resistance.

4. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone head 62 is provided with multiple ribs, the rotating block 64 is fixedly connected with a protruding rod 65, the arc ring 63 is provided with an arc surface including two peaks and two troughs, the protruding rods 65 on the two pairs of rotating blocks 64 respectively slide in contact with the arc surface of the two arc rings 63, a return leaf spring is provided between the rotating block 64 and the inside of the first cavity 51, the protruding rod 65 can drive the rotating block 64 to swing back and forth when sliding along the arc surface of the arc ring 63, and the outer wall of the connecting rod 4 is provided with a spiral blade.

5. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slag discharge assembly 6 also includes a slide 66, which is horizontally slidably connected inside the first cavity 51. Two rollers 67 are installed on the slide 66, and the two rollers 67 slide in contact with the arcuate surface of the arcuate ring 63 near the second cavity 53. A spring is provided between the slide 66 and the first cavity 51. When the arcuate ring 63 rotates, it can drive the slide 66 to reciprocate through the two rollers 67. Two slide rods 68 are fixedly connected to the slide 66. The ends of the two slide rods 68 away from the slide 66 are located in the two slag discharge troughs 52. A sealing plate 69 is fixedly connected to the ends of the slide rods 68 away from the slide 66. A connecting piece 610 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 69. Two sets of steel plates 611 are fixedly connected to the connecting piece 610. The connecting piece 610 and the two sets of steel plates 611 are in contact with the inner wall of the slag discharge trough 52.

6. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slide rod 68 is horizontally slidably connected to the inner wall of the drill rod 5, and the two sealing plates 69 are slidably connected to the two slag discharge troughs 52 respectively. The two sealing plates 69 respectively cover the sliding connection area between the two slide rods 68 and the drill rod 5.

7. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two water spray channels (54) are opened from the second cavity (53) to the outer wall of the drill rod (5). The connecting rod (4) is provided with a flow channel. The main unit (3) is provided with a high-pressure water supply device that communicates with the flow channel of the connecting rod (4). The flow channel of the connecting rod (4) is connected to the second cavity (53). A hinged door (78) is connected in the water spray channel (54). A spring is provided between the hinged door (78) and the water spray channel (54).

8. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic orifice expansion assembly (7) includes a rotating shaft (72), which is rotatably installed in a second cavity (53). A base (71) is fixedly installed in the second cavity (53). A sun gear (74), a gear ring (76), and three planetary gears (75) are rotatably installed on the base (71). A water wheel (73) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (72), and the other end of the rotating shaft (72) is fixedly connected to the sun gear (74). All three planetary gears (75) mesh with the sun gear (74). The gear ring (76) meshes with the three planetary gears (75). A grooved cylinder (77) is rotatably connected in the second cavity (53). The grooved cylinder (77) is fixedly connected to the gear ring (76). Four through slots are opened on the grooved cylinder (77). The through slots of the grooved cylinder (77) pass through the water spray channel (54) when moving.

9. The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that: A perforated rod (79) is hinged to the inner wall of the water spray tank (54). A spring is provided between the perforated rod (79) and the water spray tank (54). A wedge (710) is slidably connected inside the water spray tank (54). The wedge (710) has an inclined surface and a contact end. The inclined surface of the wedge (710) is located on the movement trajectory of the edge of the groove of the tank cylinder (77). During the contact between the edge of the tank cylinder (77) and the inclined surface of the wedge (710), the wedge (710) can be pushed towards the perforated rod (79). When the wedge (710) moves towards the perforated rod (79), the contact end can be used to push the perforated rod (79) to swing and block the water spray tank (54). Multiple water passage holes are opened on the perforated rod (79). Baffles (711) are connected to two of the grooves of the tank cylinder (77). When the baffles (711) move, they abut against the wedge (710).

10. A smart pressure relief method for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering, characterized in that: The intelligent pressure relief device for anti-outburst drilling in underground engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9 further includes the following steps: Step 1: Equipment fixing and parameter preset. Fix the mounting frame (1), calibrate the drill rod (5) trajectory through the hydraulic lifting mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the moving module (2), and connect the host (3), coupling (31), connecting rod (4) and drill rod (5). Step 2: Drilling start and speed adaptation. Start the host (3), and drive the drill rod (5) to rotate through the coupling (31) and connecting rod (4). The drill bit (55) cuts into the formation. The pressure sensor (32) monitors the drilling resistance in real time and transmits it to the speed adjustment module. The host (3) outputs power to adaptively match the drilling resistance. Step 3: Anti-clogging and slag removal. The slag removal component (6) starts following the drill rod (5). Two pairs of rotating blocks (64) push the drill slag in the slag removal trough (52). The connecting plate (610) and the steel plate (611) scrape off the drill slag attached to the inner wall of the slag removal trough (52). The drill slag is finally discharged to the borehole through the spiral blades of the connecting rod (4). Step 4: Hydraulic hole enlargement. The high-pressure water supply device delivers water to the second cavity (53). The trough cylinder (77) rotates with the help of water power. The trough cylinder (77) periodically connects with the spray tank (54) through the groove to form an intermittent water jet and perform hydraulic hole enlargement. Step 5: Complete the work and reset the equipment. Turn off the high-pressure water supply device and shut down the main unit (3). Remove the connecting rod (4) and drill rod (5) by moving the module (2).

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