3D display system and device

Abstract

This application provides a 3D display system and device, relating to the field of display technology. An image source provides a light beam; a first quarter-wave plate controls the polarization direction; a 3D imaging grating assembly separates the parallax beam; a semi-transparent, semi-reflective assembly splits the beam through reflection and folds the optical path; and a second quarter-wave plate, in conjunction with a polarization reflection assembly, folds the beam back and calibrates the polarization direction. Finally, the beams corresponding to the left and right eyes are incident on the human eye, forming a 3D image. The optical components in each 3D display system are arranged along the output direction of the image source's optical axis, forming a flat, stacked optical structure. This facilitates multiple folds and propagations of the beam in the optical path before it reaches the human eye to complete the image, effectively improving the clarity, stability, and overall image quality. The first and second quarter-wave plates effectively isolate stray light directly emitted from the image source and invalid beams in the optical path that have not undergone polarization direction conversion, preventing stray light from interfering with the clarity of the image.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of display technology, and in particular relates to a 3D display system and device. Background Technology

[0002] Light field screens, also known as light field displays, are innovative products that integrate liquid crystal display technology and spatial optics technology. Primarily composed of a display screen and lenses, light field screens are not limited by physical space and can achieve long-distance imaging and ultra-large image sizes.

[0003] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the structure of a light field screen in the prior art, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the light emitted from the screen 10 is reflected by the curved mirror 20 to the optical component 30, and then reflected by the optical component 30 to the curved mirror 20. The light is reflected again by the curved mirror 20, and the reflected light passes through the optical component 30 and converges at the human eye, so that the formed virtual image can be observed by the human eye.

[0004] However, the images presented by the aforementioned light field screen are two-dimensional (2D) images. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a light field screen that can present three-dimensional (3D) images to enhance the user's immersive experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a 3D display system and device that solves the problem that existing technologies can only display 2D images and cannot display 3D images.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a 3D display system, the system comprising: an image source, a first quarter-wave plate, a 3D imaging grating assembly, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, a second quarter-wave plate, and a polarization reflection assembly; The first quarter wave plate, the 3D imaging grating assembly, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, the second quarter wave plate, and the polarization reflection assembly are all arranged along the optical axis emission direction of the image source; The light-incident surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-outceasing surface of the image source, and is disposed in the optical path between the image source and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly. The first quarter-wave plate is disposed in the optical path between the image source and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component; The semi-transparent and semi-reflective component is located on the light-emitting side of the 3D imaging grating component and is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating component and the polarization reflection component. The second quarter-wave plate is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component and the polarizing reflection component; The reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component is positioned opposite to the light-emitting side surface of the 3D imaging grating component.

[0007] In some possible implementations, the system further includes at least one of the following lens groups: A first lens assembly is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly; The second lens assembly 127 is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly and the polarizing and reflecting assembly.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the lens group includes any of the following forms: a single lens, a plurality of lenses stacked sequentially, or a plurality of lenses arranged side by side.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed in the optical path between the image source and the first quarter-wave plate.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the first lens assembly includes at least one of the following placement locations: The optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the first quarter-wave plate; The optical path between the first quarter-wave plate and the semi-transparent, semi-reflective component.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed in the optical path between the first quarter-wave plate and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the first lens assembly is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the grating surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-emitting surface of the image source, or the planar surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-emitting surface of the image source.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the second quarter-wave plate is attached to the reflective working surface of the polarization reflective assembly or to the side of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly away from the 3D imaging grating assembly.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the tangent planes at the centers of the image source, the first quarter-wave plate, the 3D imaging grating assembly, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, the second quarter-wave plate, and the polarization reflection assembly are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical axis of the image source.

[0016] In some possible implementations, when the light beam emitted from the image source is circularly polarized light, a polarization component is attached to or spaced apart on the light-emitting side end face of the image source.

[0017] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a 3D display device, including: a display system as described in the first aspect or any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. The image source provides the light beam, the first 1 / 4 wave plate completes the polarization direction adjustment, the 3D imaging grating component realizes the parallax beam separation, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component completes the beam transmission and reflection splitting and folds the light path, the second 1 / 4 wave plate and the polarization reflection component work together to complete the beam folding and polarization direction calibration, and finally the beams corresponding to the left and right eyes are incident on the human eye to form a 3D image.

[0019] 2. The first quarter-wave plate, the 3D imaging grating assembly, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, the second quarter-wave plate, and the polarization reflection assembly are arranged along the optical axis of the image source, forming a flat, stacked optical structure. This structure not only provides basic structural support for the folding and compression of the optical path, realizing the miniaturization and compact design of the optical module, but also facilitates the multiple reflections and propagations of the light beam in the optical path before it enters the human eye to complete the imaging, effectively improving the clarity, stability, and overall image quality.

[0020] 3. By coordinating the semi-transparent and semi-reflective components, the second quarter-wave plate, and the polarization reflection component, the light beam is reflected multiple times between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective components and the polarization reflection component, thereby better correcting imaging aberrations and achieving better imaging results.

[0021] 4. By using the first and second quarter-wave plates, the polarization direction of the beam emitted to the human eye can be made orthogonal to the polarization direction of the beam emitted from the image source. This effectively isolates stray light emitted directly from the image source and invalid beams in the optical path that have not undergone polarization direction conversion, thus avoiding stray light from interfering with the clarity of the image. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light field screen in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3D display device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and technologies are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known 3D display technologies, the structure of 3D display systems, and display devices are omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0024] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “the,” “the,” and “the” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0025] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3D display device involved in a 3D display system 100 according to an embodiment of this application. The 3D display device may include the 3D display system 100. Optionally, the 3D display device may also include at least one of the following components: a housing, a processor 200, and a speaker. The specific selection depends on the function of the 3D display device and is not specifically limited here.

[0026] In this application, the 3D display system 100 may include an image source 110 and other optical components besides the image source 110 (hereinafter referred to as a beam propagation structure). The image source 110 in the 3D display system 100 can emit a corresponding beam according to the received display command, and then the beam is propagated through the beam propagation structure to form a 3D virtual image corresponding to the display command. The 3D display device can receive display commands sent by other devices, or it can generate display commands itself.

[0027] It should be noted that the 3D display device can be a light field screen, a vehicle head-up display device, a wearable display device, or other electronic devices with 3D display function. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the application scenario of the 3D display device.

[0028] Example 1: This application provides a 3D display system 100, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. It is illustrative and not limiting. See also Figure 3 The 3D display system 100 includes: an image source 110, a first quarter-wave plate 122, a 3D imaging grating assembly 121, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, a second quarter-wave plate 124, and a polarization reflection assembly 125; The first quarter wave plate 122, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the second quarter wave plate 124, and the polarization reflection assembly 125 are all arranged along the optical axis emission direction of the image source 110. The light-incident surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed opposite to the light-outceasing surface of the image source 110, and is disposed in the optical path between the image source 110 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123. The first quarter-wave plate 122 is disposed in the optical path between the image source 110 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123; The semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 is located on the light-emitting side of the 3D imaging grating component 121 and is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating component 121 and the polarization reflection component 125. The second quarter wave plate 124 is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 and the polarizing and reflecting component 125; The reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component 125 is positioned opposite to the light-emitting side surface of the 3D imaging grating component 121.

[0029] The following is a description of each component in the 3D display system 100: The image source 110 is used to emit a light beam carrying left and right eye parallax information through its light-emitting side surface according to the acquired display instructions. The image source 110 can include any type of display with a regular pixel arrangement, such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), an Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display (OLED), a Mini Light-Emitting Diode Display (Mini LED), a Micro Light-Emitting Diode Display (Micro LED), a Liquid Crystal on Silicon Display Chip (LCoS Display Chip), or a Digital Light Processing Display Chip (DLP Display Chip). For example, an LCD can emit a beam of light in the form of linearly polarized or circularly polarized light, while an OLED or Micro-LED can emit a beam of light in the form of natural light or randomly polarized light. Based on these different polarization output characteristics, it can be adapted and combined with beam modulation modules 120 of different structures to achieve diverse visual effects.

[0030] In one possible implementation, for an image source 110 that emits a circularly polarized light beam, such as a Micro-LED or OLED, a polarization component, such as a polarizer or polarizing mirror, is attached to or spaced on the light-emitting side surface of the image source 110. This polarization component is used to rectify the circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, which then continues to propagate along the optical path, thereby ensuring the stable transmission of subsequent light beams.

[0031] In terms of structural configuration, the image source 110 may include one or more displays. The specific number does not need to be fixed and can be flexibly adjusted according to the optical design scheme of the entire 3D display system 100. No specific limitation is made here.

[0032] In the 3D display system 100, the first quarter-wave plate 122, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the second quarter-wave plate 124, and the polarization reflection assembly 125 are all located on the light-emitting side of the image source 110 and arranged along the emission direction of the optical axis of the image source 110. For example, the center of each assembly is coaxial with the optical axis of the image source 110, or the deviation from the optical axis of the image source 110 is controlled within a preset error range. This ensures that the light beam propagates stably along the optical axis of the image source 110, effectively avoiding problems such as beam deflection, light intensity loss, and imaging distortion caused by component eccentricity. The optical spacing between adjacent components can be flexibly adapted according to the actual beam propagation characteristics, 3D imaging field of view requirements, and optical path difference control requirements to ensure that there is no stray interference during beam propagation and that optical loss is within a controllable range. Meanwhile, the tangent planes at the centers of the first quarter-wave plate 122, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the second quarter-wave plate 124, and the polarization reflection assembly 125 are parallel to each other, and all tangent planes are perpendicular to the optical axis of the image source 110, thus forming a flat, stacked optical structure arranged along the optical axis. This structure not only provides basic structural support for the folding and compression of the optical path, realizing the miniaturization and compact design of the optical module, but also facilitates the beam to propagate through multiple reflections in the optical path before entering the human eye to complete imaging, effectively improving the clarity, stability, and overall imaging quality.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the tangent planes at the centers of the image source 110, the first quarter-wave plate 122, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the second quarter-wave plate 124, and the polarization reflection assembly 125 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical axis of the image source 110, thereby further compressing the structure of the entire 3D display system.

[0034] It should be noted that the preset error range can be determined comprehensively based on the processing precision and assembly technology level of each optical component, combined with the beam propagation accuracy requirements and 3D imaging quality standards. This avoids problems such as beam deflection and crosstalk caused by setting the error range too large, or increased processing and assembly costs and reduced production feasibility due to setting it too small. The preset error range is not specifically limited here.

[0035] The 3D imaging grating assembly 121 in the 3D display system 100 is disposed in the optical path between the image source 110 and the transflective component 123. The 3D imaging grating assembly 121 includes an incident light-side surface and an exit light-side surface, with the incident light-side surface opposite to the exit light-side surface of the image source 110. The 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is used to distribute the light beam carrying left and right eye parallax information to different exit angles, forming parallax beams corresponding to the left and right eyes respectively. These parallax beams are emitted through the exit light-side surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, and the exit path of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 points towards the incident light-side surface of the transflective component 123. Through the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the light beam can be uniformly distributed to the left and right eyes, allowing users to view images with 3D effects directly at the eye box without wearing AR / VR headsets, improving the user experience, enhancing the viewing effect, and providing a more immersive experience.

[0036] The 3D imaging grating assembly 121 can be any grating structure with directional beam splitting capability, including but not limited to slit gratings, lenticular gratings, and liquid crystal gratings. For example, for a lenticular grating, the surface shape of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 can be a spherical grating surface or a freeform grating surface. The specific surface shape of the lenticular grating can be flexibly set according to requirements such as beam propagation angle and field of view to better adapt to the 3D display system 100 and reduce crosstalk.

[0037] In some possible embodiments, the light-incident surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 can be either the grating surface side or the planar side of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121. That is, as... Figure 4 As shown, the grating surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 can be positioned opposite to the light-emitting surface of the image source 110, or it can be as follows: Figure 3 The planar side of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is positioned opposite to the light-emitting side surface of the image source 110. In practice, this can be adjusted according to different beam-splitting angle requirements; no specific limitations are made here.

[0038] In this application, a first quarter-wave plate 122 is also provided in the optical path between the image source 110 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123, thereby controlling the polarization direction of the beam emitted from the image source 110 to ensure that the beam can propagate stably along a preset path and achieve 3D imaging. Specifically, the first quarter-wave plate 122 is used to realize polarization direction conversion. Its working principle depends on the angle between its own optical axis and the polarization direction of the incident beam. When linearly polarized light passes through the first quarter-wave plate 122 at a specific angle, the linearly polarized light will be converted into circularly polarized light; when the incident beam is circularly polarized light, it can be converted into the corresponding linearly polarized light after passing through the first quarter-wave plate 122.

[0039] It should be noted that the specific position of the first quarter-wave plate 122 can be flexibly adjusted according to the system design requirements, as long as it is located in the optical path between the image source 110 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123. For example, the first quarter-wave plate 122 is set between the image source 110 and the 3D imaging grating component 121. In this case, the beam emitted from the image source 110 first passes through the first quarter-wave plate 122 to complete the polarization direction conversion, and then enters the 3D imaging grating component 121 for angular beam splitting. This method can avoid beam splitting crosstalk caused by the beam without polarization control directly entering the grating, and improve the separation accuracy of parallax beams. In another example, the first quarter-wave plate 122 is disposed between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123. At this time, the light beam emitted from the image source 110 is first split by the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 to form a parallax beam. Then, the polarization direction of each parallax beam is uniformly controlled by the first quarter-wave plate 122 to ensure that the subsequent semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 has a consistent separation effect on the parallax beams of the left and right eyes.

[0040] The first quarter-wave plate 122 is attached to adjacent optical components to improve the compactness of the system assembly. For example, if the first quarter-wave plate 122 is disposed in the optical path between the image source 110 and the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the first quarter-wave plate 122 can be attached to the light-emitting side of the image source 110 or to the light-incident side of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the first quarter-wave plate 122 is attached to the light-emitting side of the image source 110. For example, if the first quarter-wave plate 122 is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the transflective component 123, then the first quarter-wave plate 122 can be attached to the light-emitting surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, or it can be attached to the surface of the transflective component 123 located on one side of the image source 110. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 are attached to one side of the image source 110.

[0041] The semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 is located on the light-emitting side of the 3D imaging grating component 121 and is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating component 121 and the polarization reflection component 125. Its core function is to realize beam splitting. It is both a relay node for the propagation of parallax beams and a key structure for optical path folding and compression, adapting to the miniaturization design requirements of the system. For example, when the parallax beams corresponding to the left and right eyes emitted from the 3D imaging grating component 121 are incident on the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123, any parallax beam will be split into two sub-beams: one is a transmission sub-beam, which continues to propagate along the optical axis of the image source 110, penetrates the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 and is incident on the subsequent second 1 / 4 wave plate 124, and finally is conducted to the polarization reflection component 125 for reflection and folding back; the other reflection sub-beam can be used for stray light processing or adapted to the system's auxiliary optical path.

[0042] The semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 can be a beam splitter. This beam splitter is an optical component capable of separating an incident beam into two or more beams. The separation method can be reflection alone, transmission alone, or a combination of both. Of course, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 can also be other optical devices with equivalent beam-splitting capabilities, including but not limited to beam-splitting prisms, polarizing beam splitters, and thin-film beam splitters. The specific selection needs to be determined comprehensively based on factors such as the overall beam propagation structure design and 3D imaging quality requirements.

[0043] It should be noted that the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 has a fixed transmission-to-reflection ratio for the incident parallax beam. This ratio can be flexibly set according to the light intensity requirements and imaging brightness standards of the 3D display system 100, and is not specifically limited here.

[0044] The 3D display system 100 provided in this application also includes a second quarter-wave plate 124, which is disposed in the optical path between the translucent and reflective component 123 and the polarization reflection component 125. Its function is to cooperate with the translucent and reflective component 123 and the polarization reflection component 125 to complete the polarization direction conversion during the optical path folding process, ensuring that the folded beam can be smoothly reflected by the translucent and reflective component 123 to the human eye. Similar to the first quarter-wave plate 122, the second quarter-wave plate 124 is also attached to adjacent optical components to improve the compactness of the system assembly. The second quarter-wave plate 124 can be attached to the surface of the translucent and reflective component 123 away from the image source 110, or it can be attached to the reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component 125. The specific attachment method can be flexibly selected according to the system optical path design requirements, and is not specifically limited here. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5As shown, the second quarter-wave plate 124 is attached to the reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component 125. For example, given that the parallax beam in the form of linearly polarized light has already undergone polarization direction conversion by the first quarter-wave plate 122, the polarization direction conversion process of the second quarter-wave plate 124 is as follows: When the transmissive sub-beam emitted from the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 is incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124, the transmissive sub-beam undergoes polarization direction conversion by the second quarter-wave plate 124 and continues to be incident on the polarization reflection component 125; when the beam reflected by the polarization reflection component 125 is reflected back along the optical path and incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124, the beam undergoes polarization direction conversion by the second quarter-wave plate 124, then penetrates the second quarter-wave plate 124 and is incident on the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123.

[0045] It should be noted that the above-mentioned quarter-wave plates (including the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the second quarter-wave plate 124) can be bonded by adhesive or by vacuum adsorption, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0046] By using the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the second quarter-wave plate 124, the polarization direction of the beam emitted to the human eye can be made orthogonal to the polarization direction of the beam emitted from the image source, thereby effectively isolating stray light emitted directly from the image source and invalid beams in the optical path that have not undergone polarization direction conversion, thus avoiding stray light from interfering with the clarity of the image.

[0047] A polarization reflection component 125 is disposed on the optical path of the second quarter-wave plate 124 away from the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123. The reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component 125 is disposed opposite to the light-emitting surface of the 3D imaging grating component 121. The polarization reflection component 125 enables optical path folding and improves the 3D imaging effect. Specifically, the polarization reflection component 125 is configured to reflect light beams with a first specific polarization direction, transmit light beams with a second specific polarization direction, and absorb light beams with other polarization directions (such as elliptically polarized light and stray polarized light) to avoid stray light interfering with imaging. The first specific polarization direction is different from the second specific polarization direction. Taking a linearly polarized light beam, converted by the second quarter-wave plate 124, incident on the polarization reflection assembly 125 as an example, the specific working process of the polarization reflection assembly 125 is explained as follows: If the polarization direction of the transmitted light beam is consistent with the first specific polarization direction of the polarization reflection assembly 125, the polarization reflection assembly 125 will reflect the transmitted light beam to form a linearly polarized light beam. This beam will then be incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124 again. After the polarization direction is converted by the second quarter-wave plate 124, the linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light. The light then passes through the second quarter-wave plate 124 and is incident on the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123. It is reflected by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 to form a circularly polarized reflected beam. This reflected beam is incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124. After the polarization direction is converted by the second quarter-wave plate 124, the circularly polarized reflected beam is converted into a linearly polarized reflected beam. It then passes through the second quarter-wave plate 124. If the linearly polarized reflected beam is consistent with the second specific polarization direction of the polarization reflection component 125, the polarization reflection component 125 will transmit the reflected beam to the human eye.

[0048] Among them, the polarization reflection component 125 can be a polarization mirror, a polarization reflection film or a liquid crystal polarization reflection sheet, etc., which can be selected according to the system's design accuracy and production cost requirements.

[0049] In one example, the polarization reflective component 125 can be planar, effectively reducing the axial spatial dimensions of the system, adapting to compact basic display solutions, and meeting the requirements of conventional optical path folding and polarization filtering. For example... Figure 4 The 3D display system 100 shown has a planar polarization reflection component 125.

[0050] In another example, the surface of the polarizing reflective component 125 can also be spherical or freeform. Compared to a planar surface, this polarizing reflective component 125 can collimate the light beam and compensate for optical path aberrations, improving the center brightness and edge sharpness of the image. Figure 5The 3D display system 100 shown has a spherical polarization reflection component 125. When the polarization reflection component 125 adopts a spherical / freeform surface, a curved second quarter-wave plate 124 can be further attached to its reflective working surface. Compared with a planar structure, this combination can achieve the optical control effect of an equivalent lens: the curvature characteristics of the curved surface are used to actively converge / collimate the reflected beam, making up for the problems of beam divergence and aberration accumulation in a planar structure, and further optimizing the wavefront quality and beam uniformity. This is equivalent to adding a lens-like aberration correction and beam control capability to the display system 100, effectively improving imaging brightness, resolution, and visual immersion, and is especially suitable for high-end display systems 100 with high optical performance requirements.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the polarization reflection component 125 may include any of the following types: a polymer substrate with a reflective coating or reflective film, or a glass substrate with a reflective film.

[0052] It should be noted that the first specific polarization direction and the second specific polarization direction of the polarization reflection component 125 must be compatible with the optical axis direction of the second quarter wave plate 124 and the polarization selectivity of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 to ensure that the entire polarization control system works in concert to achieve precise beam splitting, folding and reflection of the parallax beam.

[0053] by Figure 3Taking the structure of the 3D display system 100 as an example, a linearly polarized light beam carrying left and right eye parallax information is emitted from the light-emitting side surface of the image source 110. This light beam is stably incident along the optical path onto a first quarter-wave plate 122 attached to the light-emitting side surface of the image source 110. After passing through the first quarter-wave plate 122 at a specific angle, the linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light. The circularly polarized light, after polarization direction conversion, continues to propagate along the optical axis and is incident on the light-incident side surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121. The 3D imaging grating assembly 121 performs angular beam splitting on the incident circularly polarized light to form parallax beams corresponding to the left and right eyes, respectively. All parallax beams (including the parallax beam corresponding to the left eye and the parallax beam corresponding to the right eye) are emitted from the light-emitting side surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 to the transflective component 123. The semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 splits the incident parallax beam to obtain a circularly polarized transmissive sub-beam. This transmissive sub-beam passes through the light-emitting surface of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and is directed towards the second quarter-wave plate 124, which is attached to the surface of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 facing the polarization reflection assembly 125. The transmissive sub-beam incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124 undergoes a polarization direction conversion, changing from circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light. Subsequently, this linearly polarized transmissive sub-beam penetrates the second quarter-wave plate 124 and is incident on the reflecting surface of the polarization reflection assembly 125. Since the polarization direction of the linearly polarized transmissive sub-beam is consistent with the first specific polarization direction, the polarization reflection assembly 125 reflects it, forming a linearly polarized reflected beam. The linearly polarized reflected beam propagates in the opposite direction along the optical path and is again incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124, completing the polarization direction conversion again, changing from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. Subsequently, the circularly polarized reflected beam penetrates the second quarter-wave plate 124 and is incident along the optical path onto the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123. The semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 reflects the incident reflected beam, forming a circularly polarized reflected beam that is then incident onto the second quarter-wave plate 124. After the circularly polarized reflected beam is incident onto the second quarter-wave plate 124, its polarization direction is reversed, converting it from circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light. This linearly polarized reflected beam then penetrates the second quarter-wave plate 124 and is again incident onto the reflective working surface of the polarization reflection assembly 125. Based on a second specific polarization direction, the reflective working surface of the polarization reflection assembly 125 performs polarization filtering on the incident beam, effectively eliminating stray light and invalid polarized light, and filtering out the linearly polarized light for left-eye and right-eye imaging. Finally, the linearly polarized light corresponding to the left and right eyes propagates stably to the human eye or eye box area and completes the imaging. At this time, the user's left eye can clearly see the imaging of the left eye virtual image at the target's left eye position, and the right eye can clearly see the imaging of the right eye virtual image at the target's right eye position, achieving a complete 3D stereoscopic imaging effect.

[0054] It should be noted that when the user's left and right eyes see their respective virtual images, the brain will automatically fuse the images received by both eyes and, based on the parallax difference between the two images, determine the spatial relationship of the imaging objects in terms of distance and depth, and finally present the user with a 3D image with a realistic sense of depth, thus achieving an immersive 3D viewing effect.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. Image source 110 provides a light beam, first 1 / 4 wave plate 122 completes polarization direction adjustment, 3D imaging grating assembly 121 realizes parallax beam separation, semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 completes beam transmission and reflection splitting and folding the light path, second 1 / 4 wave plate 124 and polarization reflection assembly 125 work together to complete beam folding and polarization direction calibration, and finally the beams corresponding to the left and right eyes are incident on the human eye to form a 3D image.

[0056] 2. The first quarter-wave plate 122, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the second quarter-wave plate 124, and the polarization reflection assembly 125 are arranged along the optical axis of the image source 110, forming a flat, stacked optical structure. This structure not only provides basic structural support for the folding and compression of the optical path, realizing the miniaturization and compact design of the optical module, but also facilitates the multiple reflections and propagations of the light beam in the optical path before it enters the human eye to complete the imaging, effectively improving the clarity, stability, and overall imaging quality.

[0057] 3. Through the cooperation between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123, the second 1 / 4 wave plate 124 and the polarization reflection component 125, the light beam is reflected multiple times between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component 123 and the polarization reflection component 125, thereby better correcting imaging aberrations and achieving better imaging results.

[0058] 4. By using the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the second quarter-wave plate 124, the polarization direction of the beam emitted to the human eye can be made orthogonal to the polarization direction of the beam emitted from the image source, thereby effectively isolating stray light directly emitted from the image source and invalid beams in the optical path that have not undergone polarization direction conversion, thus avoiding stray light from interfering with the clarity of the image.

[0059] Example 2: To achieve better imaging results and correct imaging aberrations, based on the above embodiments, the 3D display system 100 in this application further includes: A. A first lens assembly 126 disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123.

[0060] The first lens assembly 126 is mainly used to correct the parallax beam emitted from the 3D imaging grating assembly 121, regulate the propagation direction of the parallax beam, and appropriately converge or collimate the parallax beam to ensure that the parallax beam can accurately enter the beam-splitting working surface of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, thereby improving the stability of subsequent optical path propagation and the clarity of 3D imaging. The first lens assembly 126 can be selected from any of the following forms according to the system's aberration correction requirements: a single lens, multiple lenses stacked sequentially, or multiple lenses arranged side-by-side. Specific lens types include, but are not limited to, convex lenses, concave lenses, plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, biconvex lenses, biconcave lenses, and aspherical lenses. The multi-lens combination structure can achieve coordinated correction of multiple types of aberrations through the combination of lenses with different focal lengths and surface shapes, achieving a correction accuracy superior to a single-lens structure.

[0061] In one example, if the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed between the image source 110 and the first quarter wave plate 122, the first lens assembly 126 may be disposed in any of the following positions: on the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the first quarter wave plate 122, or on the optical path between the first quarter wave plate 122 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123.

[0062] When the first lens assembly 126 is positioned in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the first quarter-wave plate 122, aberration correction and beam straightening can be performed after the beam has completed angle splitting but before polarization direction conversion. This prevents uncorrected distorted beams from affecting the polarization direction conversion accuracy when incident on the first quarter-wave plate 122, ensuring a more stable propagation trajectory of the parallax beam after polarization adjustment. It also ensures a regular beam shape subsequently incident on the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, improving beam splitting efficiency. When the first lens assembly 126 is positioned in the optical path between the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, it can correct and straighten the parallax beam after polarization direction conversion, ensuring the beam accuracy incident on the beam splitting working surface of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, if the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed between the image source 110 and the first quarter-wave plate 122, the first lens assembly 126 is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123.

[0063] In another example, if the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed in the optical path between the first quarter-wave plate 122 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, and the first lens assembly 126 is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, aberration correction and beam straightening can be performed directly after the beam completes angular beam splitting, reducing aberration problems caused by grating beam splitting from the source and ensuring the stability of beam propagation in subsequent optical paths. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, if the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed in the optical path between the first quarter wave plate 122 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, the first lens assembly 126 is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123.

[0064] It should be noted that the first lens group can be attached to or spaced apart from adjacent optical components.

[0065] B. A second lens assembly 127 disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the polarizing and reflecting assembly 125.

[0066] The second lens assembly 127 is configured to correct aberrations in the light beam propagating in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the polarization reflection assembly 125, regulate the beam propagation path, and converge or collimate the beam according to the optical path refracting requirements. This improves the beam propagation stability during the optical path refracting process, reduces light intensity loss and imaging distortion in the refracting stage, and further optimizes the overall clarity and stereoscopic effect of 3D imaging. The structure and lens type of the second lens assembly 127 can be selected according to the aberration correction requirements after the system's optical path refracting, using any of the following forms: a single lens, multiple lenses stacked sequentially, or multiple lenses arranged side-by-side. Specific lens types include, but are not limited to, convex lenses, concave lenses, plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, biconvex lenses, biconcave lenses, and aspherical lenses. Multi-lens combination structures can achieve synergistic correction of multiple types of aberrations through the combination of lenses with different focal lengths and surface shapes, achieving a correction accuracy superior to single-lens structures.

[0067] In actual optical path design, the relative arrangement of the second lens assembly 127 can be flexibly adjusted according to the arrangement position of the second quarter wave plate 124. It can be arranged in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the second quarter wave plate 124, or in the optical path between the second quarter wave plate 124 and the polarization reflection assembly 125. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8As shown, the second lens assembly 127 is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the second quarter-wave plate 124. When the second lens assembly 127 is disposed between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the second quarter-wave plate 124, aberration correction and beam straightening can be completed before the beam polarization direction conversion, avoiding the distorted beam incident on the second quarter-wave plate 124 from affecting the polarization direction conversion accuracy, ensuring that the polarization-adapted beam after polarization adjustment is highly matched with the polarization adaptation characteristics of the polarization reflection assembly 125, and improving the reflection efficiency; when the second lens assembly 127 is disposed between the second quarter-wave plate 124 and the polarization reflection assembly 125, the beam after polarization direction conversion can be corrected and accurately collimated, reducing light intensity loss and aberration introduction during the reflection process.

[0068] It should be noted that the 3D display system 100 may include only one of the above-mentioned lens groups, such as only one of A and B, or it may include multiple optical components, such as a combination of A and B. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another 3D display system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 is disposed between the image source 110 and the first quarter wave plate 122, the first lens assembly 126 is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly 121 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123, and the second lens assembly 127 is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly 123 and the second quarter wave plate 124.

[0069] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0070] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0072] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0073] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0074] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0075] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0076] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0077] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A 3D display system, characterized in that, The 3D display system includes: an image source, a first quarter-wave plate, a 3D imaging grating assembly, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, a second quarter-wave plate, and a polarization reflection assembly; The first quarter wave plate, the 3D imaging grating assembly, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, the second quarter wave plate, and the polarization reflection assembly are all arranged along the optical axis emission direction of the image source; The light-incident surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-outceasing surface of the image source, and is disposed in the optical path between the image source and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly. The first quarter-wave plate is disposed in the optical path between the image source and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component; The semi-transparent and semi-reflective component is located on the light-emitting side of the 3D imaging grating component and is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating component and the polarization reflection component. The second quarter-wave plate is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component and the polarizing reflection component; The reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component is positioned opposite to the light-emitting side surface of the 3D imaging grating component.

2. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes at least one of the following lens groups: A first lens assembly is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly; A second lens assembly is disposed in the optical path between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly and the polarizing and reflecting assembly.

3. The system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lens group includes any of the following forms: a single lens, multiple lenses stacked sequentially, or multiple lenses arranged side by side.

4. The system as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed on the optical path between the image source and the first quarter-wave plate.

5. The system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first lens assembly includes at least one of the following placement positions: The optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the first quarter-wave plate; The optical path between the first quarter-wave plate and the semi-transparent, semi-reflective component.

6. The system as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed in the optical path between the first quarter-wave plate and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly.

7. The system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first lens assembly is disposed in the optical path between the 3D imaging grating assembly and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly.

8. The system as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The grating surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-emitting surface of the image source, or the planar surface of the 3D imaging grating assembly is disposed opposite to the light-emitting surface of the image source.

9. The system as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The second 1 / 4 wave plate is attached to the reflective working surface of the polarization reflection component or to the side of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective component away from the 3D imaging grating component.

10. The system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The tangent planes at the centers of the image source, the first quarter-wave plate, the 3D imaging grating assembly, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective assembly, the second quarter-wave plate, and the polarization reflection assembly are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical axis of the image source.

11. The system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the light beam emitted from the image source is circularly polarized light, polarization components are attached to or spaced apart on the light-emitting side end face of the image source.

12. A 3D display device, characterized in that, include: The 3D display system as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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