P-waveband eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled super-power Y-junction circulator

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of microwave passive device technology, and relates to a P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator, including a waveguide Y-junction three-way cavity, a four-layer copper folded water-cooling plate, etc.; it adopts a comprehensive technical solution such as a full-height waveguide Y-junction cavity and symmetrical loading of eight-layer ferrite sheets, which significantly improves the peak power handling capacity, enabling forward peak power transmission of not less than 3MW; the average power capacity is greatly improved, meeting the requirements for long-term continuous high-power stable operation; the heat dissipation uniformity is excellent, suppressing device performance drift; the RF transmission performance is excellent, achieving stable RF transmission characteristics; the temperature stability and operational reliability are improved; the adaptability to extreme conditions is strong; and the structure is compact, with excellent integration, possessing superior system integration and engineering applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave passive device technology, specifically relating to a P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator. Background Technology

[0002] A microwave ferrite circulator is a passive device that enables unidirectional transmission of radio frequency power based on the ferrite gyromagnetic effect. It is usually used in conjunction with a matched load and connected in series between the radio frequency power source and the load. It enables unidirectional transmission of transmitted power and absorbs reflected power from the load, thereby protecting the power source from damage caused by overpower or total reflection.

[0003] In high-power microwave systems, waveguide ferrite circulators are mainly classified into two types according to their structural form: three-port Y-junction circulators and four-port differential phase-shift circulators. The three-port Y-junction circulator consists of a waveguide Y-junction tee cavity and ferrite components. It utilizes the non-reciprocal property of ferrite to achieve unidirectional circular transmission from port 1 to port 2 to port 3 to port 1. Its third port can be used as an isolator by connecting a matching load. It features a compact structure, small size, and high integration. The four-port differential phase-shift circulator is composed of a 3dB bridge, a 90° phase shifter, and a folded double-T structure. It has a relatively high power capacity, but its overall size is 2 to 4 times that of a Y-junction circulator with the same specifications, making system integration more difficult and subject to more installation and layout constraints.

[0004] Existing conventional high-power Y-junction waveguide ferrite circulators generally adopt a structure of two layers of ferrite combined with a simple straight-channel water-cooled plate, which has obvious technical defects in P-band ultra-high power applications: First, in order to meet the resonant operating conditions, it is usually necessary to compress the waveguide height in the Y-junction region, which leads to a significant concentration of electromagnetic field energy density in the junction region, limiting the peak power handling capacity and making it prone to radio frequency breakdown and arcing. Secondly, the number of ferrite layers is small, the total heat dissipation area is limited, the ferrite material is thick, the heat conduction path is long, and the average power heat dissipation capacity is insufficient. Furthermore, the water-cooled plate adopts a straight water channel structure, which results in a short heat exchange path, insufficient heat exchange area coverage, poor heat dissipation uniformity, and easy generation of local high-temperature hot spots. This leads to a serious shift in the working magnetization point of the ferrite, resulting in poor long-term stability during high-power operation.

[0005] In summary, under the demand for ultra-high power applications in the P-band (e.g., 324MHz), traditional Y-junction circulators cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of forward peak power of not less than 3MW, forward average power of not less than 150kW, low insertion loss, high temperature stability and miniaturized integration, which has become a key technical bottleneck restricting the improvement of the reliability of high-power transmission systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of existing Y-junction circulators, such as concentrated electromagnetic field density, insufficient heat dissipation area, low water cooling heat exchange efficiency, low power capacity, poor temperature stability, high bonding thermal resistance, and uneven water channel distribution. It provides an ultra-high power three-port Y-junction waveguide ferrite circulator for the P-band, employing an eight-layer ferrite sheet loading structure, four-layer water cooling plate heat dissipation, low-loss silicone bonding, copper folded water channel parallel cooling, and built-in metal cylindrical impedance matching. This circulator can be used in high-power RF transmission links such as radar systems, particle accelerator systems, and wireless communication transmission systems, achieving unidirectional RF power transmission, reflected power absorption, and over-power protection of the transmission system.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator, comprising a waveguide Y-junction tee cavity, four layers of copper folded water-cooling plates, eight layers of ferrite sheets, a bias magnetic field assembly, a fully welded folded water-cooling circuit, and an RF matching structure; the waveguide Y-junction tee cavity is a full-height waveguide structure without compressing the waveguide height; the four layers of copper folded water-cooling plates are internally installed in the central junction of the waveguide Y-junction tee cavity, and ferrite sheets are attached and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of each layer of copper folded water-cooling plates to form an eight-layer symmetrical ferrite sheet loading structure; the RF matching structure is a metal cylinder set in each waveguide, and the folded water-cooling circuit supplies water to the four layers of copper folded water-cooling plates in parallel to achieve full-coverage and efficient heat dissipation.

[0008] Each waveguide of the waveguide Y-junction tee cavity has a two-segment structure, including a standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide segment and a wide-side extended rectangular waveguide segment. The wide side dimension of the wide-side extended rectangular waveguide segment is 10%–15% larger than the wide side dimension of the standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide, while the narrow side dimension remains unchanged.

[0009] The number of metal cylinders in the radio frequency matching structure is four per waveguide. The metal cylinders are installed in the wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section and are used to adjust impedance matching, improve VSWR, optimize insertion loss and isolation, and suppress higher-order modes.

[0010] The copper folded water cooling plate has a continuous reciprocating copper folded water channel inside. The cooling water fully covers the ferrite sheet installation area along the folded water channel. The flow channel in a single water cooling plate is folded back 4 times, and the heat exchange path is 4 times that of a straight water channel.

[0011] The ferrite sheet is a triangular thin ferrite sheet with a single layer thickness of 4mm. It is bonded to the surface of the copper folded water cooling plate using low-loss, high-thermal-conductivity silicone adhesive. The adhesive layer is uniform and has low thermal resistance.

[0012] The folded water cooling circuit includes a copper inlet pipe, a return pipe, and inlet / outlet flanges. The four-layer copper folded water cooling plate, folded water channels, cooling water pipes, and inlet / outlet flanges are integrally welded and formed, ensuring a leak-proof seal.

[0013] The ferrite sheet adopts a high temperature stability formula, the working magnetization point is set in the high field working range above the ferromagnetic resonance peak, and it is equipped with a magnetization point temperature compensation mechanism.

[0014] The waveguide Y-junction tee cavity is 120° rotationally symmetrical, with a smooth, rounded inner wall, and the total length from the center junction to the end face waveguide is 1050mm.

[0015] The circulator operates in the 324MHz P-band, with a forward peak power ≥3MW, a forward average power ≥150kW, and a maximum electric field strength in the Y-junction region ≤0.85×10⁻⁶. 6 V / m, the highest temperature of ferrite under 150kW traveling wave state is ≤57.6℃.

[0016] The bias magnetic field assembly is composed of a permanent magnet and an excitation coil, providing a stable bias magnetic field for the eight-layer ferrite sheet; the circulator can withstand 100% total internal reflection power in any phase, and the circulator direction is port 1 → port 2 → port 3 → port 1.

[0017] This invention, through a comprehensive technical solution employing a full-height waveguide Y-junction cavity, a four-layer copper folded water-cooling plate, eight layers of symmetrically loaded ferrite sheets, low-loss, high-thermal-conductivity silicone bonding, built-in metal cylinder pure metal matching, and parallel water-cooling heat dissipation, offers the following advantages compared to existing traditional Y-junction waveguide ferrite circulators: This invention significantly improves peak power handling capability. It employs a full-height Y-junction waveguide structure without compressing the waveguide height, effectively reducing the electromagnetic field intensity in the junction region. The maximum electric field intensity in the Y-junction region is approximately 0.85 × 10⁻⁶. 6 V / m, far below the air breakdown field strength threshold, can achieve forward peak power transmission of no less than 3MW at a working frequency of 324MHz, with no risk of radio frequency breakdown and arcing, and sufficient safety margin for high electric field.

[0018] This invention significantly improves the average power capacity. It adopts an extended structure with a four-layer water-cooled plate and an eight-layer ferrite sheet mounted on both sides, which significantly increases the effective heat dissipation area of ​​the ferrite. Combined with a copper folded reciprocating water channel, the heat exchange path is long, the heat dissipation coverage is comprehensive, and the heat exchange efficiency is high. Under a forward average power condition of 150kW, the maximum temperature of the ferrite does not exceed 57.6℃, which is far below the safe operating temperature of ferrite materials and can meet the requirements for long-term continuous high-power stable operation.

[0019] This invention features excellent heat dissipation uniformity, with no localized hot spots. The copper folded water channel provides full-coverage cooling to the ferrite mounting area. The four-layer water cooling plate uses parallel water supply, ensuring uniform water flow distribution and effectively eliminating localized high-temperature hot spots. The ferrite temperature is highly consistent, which can suppress device performance drift caused by uneven temperature rise and improve operational stability.

[0020] This invention features excellent RF transmission performance. Each waveguide incorporates four metal cylinders to form a pure metal impedance matching structure, eliminating the need for dielectric components and slotted structures. This effectively optimizes impedance matching, improves voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), reduces insertion loss, enhances isolation, and suppresses high-order mode transmission, achieving stable RF transmission characteristics with low loss, high isolation, and low VSWR within the operating frequency range.

[0021] This invention improves temperature stability and operational reliability by using high-temperature-stability ferrite materials and setting the ferrite operating point in the high-field region above the ferromagnetic resonance peak. Combined with a magnetization point temperature compensation mechanism, it can effectively suppress the magnetization point shift caused by the temperature rise of the ferrite under high average power conditions, ensuring stable device performance over a wide temperature range and under high power conditions.

[0022] This invention has strong adaptability to extreme operating conditions. It can withstand total internal reflection power of any phase and can work reliably under extreme reflection conditions, effectively protecting the radio frequency power source and meeting the usage requirements of high-reliability transmission systems such as radar and particle accelerators.

[0023] This invention features a compact structure and excellent integration. While achieving ultra-high power capacity, it maintains the three-port Y-junction structure, and its overall volume is significantly smaller than that of a four-port differential phase-shift circulator of the same power level. It has high structural strength, is easy to assemble and connect, and has better system integration and engineering applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention, used to show the overall structure and internal assembly relationships; Figure 2 This is an overall structural appearance diagram of the present invention, used to illustrate the three-way waveguide layout. Figure 3 This is an assembly structure diagram of the eight-layer ferrite sheet and the four-layer water cooling plate of the present invention, used to illustrate the stacking relationship between the ferrite sheet and the water cooling plate. Figure 4 This is a top view of the ferrite sheet structure of the present invention, used to show the splicing shape of the triangular ferrite sheets; Figure 5 This is a top view of the cross-section of the water-cooling plate of the present invention, used to show the structure and orientation of the folded water channel; Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the electric field distribution under the peak power conditions of 324MHz and 3MW in this invention. Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the temperature distribution under the average power condition of 324MHz and 150kW according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a simulation diagram of the insertion loss at the 324MHz operating frequency of this invention; Figure 9 This is a simulation diagram of the return loss at the 324MHz operating frequency of this invention; Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram of the isolation at the 324MHz operating frequency of this invention.

[0025] Figure labeling: 1-Standard metal rectangular waveguide section; 2-Wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section; 3-Y-shaped center junction; 4-Metal cylinder; 5-Eight-layer ferrite sheet; 6-Four-layer water cooling plate; 7-Inlet pipe; 8, 9-Return pipe; 10-Folded water channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are intended to explain the present invention, not to limit it. Those skilled in the art can fully implement the technical solution of the present invention based on the following description without any inventive effort.

[0027] like Figure 1-10 As shown, where Figure 1 The assembly relationship and stacking layout of the standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide section 1, wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section 2, Y-shaped center junction 3, metal matching cylinder 4, ferrite sheet 5, water cooling plate 6, and cooling water pipes are shown. Figure 2 This is an overall appearance diagram of the invention, showing the structural morphology of the three waveguides distributed in a 120° rotational symmetry. Figure 3 This is an assembly structure diagram of an eight-layer ferrite sheet and a four-layer water cooling plate, showing the layered structure of the ferrite sheet 5 attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the water cooling plate 6. Figure 4 This is a top view of the ferrite sheet, showing that the ferrite sheet 5 is composed of multiple triangular ferrite units spliced ​​together. Figure 5 This is a top view of the cross section of the water-cooled plate, showing the direction and distribution of the continuously reciprocating folded water channels 10 inside the water-cooled plate 6. Figure 6-10 The simulation results show the electric field distribution, temperature distribution, insertion loss, return loss, and isolation of the present invention at a working frequency of 324MHz.

[0028] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator mainly includes: a waveguide Y-junction tee cavity, a wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section 2, a standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide section 1, a Y-shaped center junction 3, a metal matching cylinder 4, eight-layer ferrite sheets 5, a four-layer copper water-cooling plate 6, a folded water channel 10, an inlet pipe 7, an outlet pipe 8, 9, and a bias magnetic field assembly.

[0029] Example 1: 324MHz Standard Type This embodiment is a 324MHz P-band ultra-high power Y-junction circulator that meets the requirements of forward peak power ≥3MW and forward average power ≥150kW.

[0030] In this embodiment, the waveguide and cavity structure uses a three-port 120° rotationally symmetric Y-junction waveguide cavity. The Y-shaped central junction 3 employs a full-height waveguide structure, without compressing the waveguide height, to reduce the junction electric field strength and improve peak power handling capability. Figure 2 As shown, the circulator can withstand 100% total internal reflection power in any phase, and the circulator direction is port 1 → port 2 → port 3 → port 1.

[0031] Each waveguide employs a two-section structure: one end is a standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide section 1, serving as the RF input / output port; the other end is a wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section 2, with the wide side dimension expanded by 10% to 15% compared to the WR2300 waveguide, while the narrow side dimension remains unchanged, used to increase power capacity and suppress TE. 20 Higher-order mode excitation. The inner wall of the Y-type center junction 3 is rounded and smoothed, and the axial length from the center junction to the waveguide end face is 1050mm.

[0032] The radio frequency matching structure in this embodiment, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, four metal cylinders 4 are arranged within each wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section 2 to form a pure metal RF matching structure. The metal cylinders 4 are vertically mounted on the inner wall of the wide side of the waveguide. By adjusting their diameter, height, and arrangement, impedance matching optimization, VSWR reduction, insertion loss improvement, isolation enhancement, and high-order mode suppression are achieved. The metal cylinders 4 are made of oxygen-free copper, have no dielectric load, and no slotted structure, making them suitable for ultra-high power applications.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ferrite sheet is assembled with the water-cooling plate, as follows: Figure 3-4 As shown, four layers of copper water-cooling plates 6 are installed inside the Y-shaped central junction 3. Ferrite sheets 5 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of each water-cooling plate 6, forming an eight-layer symmetrical ferrite loading structure. The ferrite sheets 5 are thin triangular ferrites, composed of multiple triangular ferrite units spliced ​​together, with a single layer thickness of 4mm. The ferrite sheets 5 are bonded to the surface of the water-cooling plates 6 using low-loss, high-thermal-conductivity silicone adhesive. The adhesive layer is thin and uniform, with low thermal resistance, low stress, high-temperature resistance, and no degradation of magnetic properties.

[0034] The folded water channel water cooling system in this embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, each layer of copper water-cooled pan 6 has a continuously reciprocating circular folded water channel 10 inside. Cooling water covers the ferrite sheet 5 mounting area along the entire length of the folded water channel 10. The flow channel in a single pan folds back and forth four times, extending the heat exchange path four times compared to traditional straight water channels. The four layers of water-cooled pans 6 are connected in parallel: the main inlet pipe 7 supplies water to all four layers of water-cooled pans 6 simultaneously, and the main return pipes 8 and 9 merge the four cooling water streams and discharge them uniformly. The water-cooled pans 6, folded water channels 10, inlet pipes 7, return pipes 8 and 9, and inlet and outlet flanges are all made of copper and integrally welded. After welding, a water pressure test is conducted to ensure a leak-free seal, meeting the requirements for long-term high-reliability heat dissipation.

[0035] In this embodiment, the bias magnetic field assembly consists of a permanent magnet and an excitation coil, providing a stable bias magnetic field for the eight-layer ferrite sheet. Furthermore, regarding the bias magnetic field and temperature compensation in this embodiment, the circulator is configured with a bias magnetic field assembly composed of a permanent magnet and an excitation coil, providing a stable bias magnetic field for the ferrite sheet 5, enabling the ferrite to operate in a high-field range above the ferromagnetic resonance peak. Simultaneously, a magnetization point temperature compensation mechanism is provided to suppress magnetization point shift and performance drift caused by ferrite temperature rise under high average power operation.

[0036] Experiments show that this embodiment achieves the following performance indicators at 324MHz: forward peak power ≥3MW; forward average power ≥150kW; maximum electric field strength in the Y-junction region ≈0.85×10⁻⁶. 6 V / m; Ferrite maximum temperature ≤57.6℃ under 150kW traveling wave condition; Insertion loss ≤0.1dB, return loss ≥30dB, isolation ≥30dB; Can withstand 100% total internal reflection power of any phase.

[0037] Example 2: 330MHz Enhanced This embodiment is based on the same principle as Embodiment 1, and the structure is basically the same. It only makes adaptive adjustments to the operating frequency, power level and heat dissipation capacity. Those skilled in the art can implement it directly.

[0038] In this embodiment, the waveguide and cavity are adjusted to operate at a frequency of 330MHz; the wide-side extension ratio of the wide-side extended rectangular waveguide segment 2 is increased to 15%; and the axial length from the center junction to the waveguide end face is adjusted to 1080mm.

[0039] In this embodiment, the ferrite sheet 5 is still 4mm thick, and a gyromagnetic material with higher temperature stability is selected; the thickness of the silicone adhesive layer is controlled within 0.1mm to further reduce the interface thermal resistance.

[0040] In this embodiment, the water cooling system is optimized. The inner diameter of the folded water channel 10 is appropriately increased, and the cooling water flow rate is increased to 70L / min. A flow equalization structure is added to the parallel water channel to ensure that the flow rate of the four-layer water cooling plate 6 is uniform, without flow deviation or hot spots.

[0041] In this embodiment, the matching and magnetic field adjustment involves fine-tuning the diameter and spacing of the metal cylinders 4 to adapt to the 330MHz impedance characteristics; and correspondingly adjusting the bias magnetic field strength to maintain the ferrite at a high-field stable operating point.

[0042] The experimental results of this embodiment show that the forward peak power is ≥3.5MW; the forward average power is ≥180kW; the maximum ferrite temperature is ≤62℃; the insertion loss is ≤0.12dB; the return loss is ≥28dB; and the isolation is ≥28dB.

[0043] Example 3: Simulation process and results of P-band circulator This embodiment conducts full-wave electromagnetic simulation and steady-state thermal simulation analysis on a 324MHz P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator. The simulation process is completed by combining commercial three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software and thermal simulation software. The process includes structural modeling, material parameter assignment, boundary condition setting, load loading, mesh generation, and simulation calculation, obtaining key performance data such as electric field distribution, temperature distribution, insertion loss, return loss, and isolation, to verify the feasibility and superiority of the technical solution of this invention.

[0044] First, structural modeling is performed. A three-dimensional model is established according to the structural dimensions described in Example 1, including: a 120° rotationally symmetric Y-junction waveguide cavity, a two-section rectangular waveguide, an internal metal matching cylinder, four layers of water-cooling plates, eight layers of triangular ferrite sheets, folded water channels and water passage structures. The model and attached... Figure 1-5 The structures shown are completely identical.

[0045] Then, material parameters were set, including oxygen-free copper for the waveguide cavity, water cooling plate, and metal matching cylinder; high-temperature-stability gyromagnetic material for the ferrite sheet, with parameters such as relative permeability, dielectric constant, loss tangent, and Curie temperature; and room-temperature deionized water was set as the cooling medium.

[0046] Next, boundary conditions and load application were performed on the RF boundary: the waveguide port was set as a waveport excitation, and the operating frequency was set to 324MHz; electric field simulation load: a peak power of 3MW was input to calculate the electric field distribution in the Y-junction region under traveling wave conditions; thermal simulation load: an average power of 150kW was input, and the heat dissipation power was set according to device losses; the water cooling boundary was set with an inlet water temperature of 25℃ and a flow rate of 60L / min; magnetic field boundary: a bias magnetic field was applied to make the ferrite work in the high-field region above the ferromagnetic resonance peak. Mesh generation and calculation adopted an adaptive mesh generation method, and the mesh was refined in the Y-junction region, ferrite region, and metal matching pillar region to ensure calculation accuracy; electromagnetic performance simulation was completed by the frequency domain finite element method, and steady-state thermal simulation was completed by the finite volume method.

[0047] The peak power electric field simulation results in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 6The figure shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution under the traveling wave state at 324MHz, 3MW peak power, and in this embodiment. The results show that the electric field distribution in the central region of the circulator Y junction is uniform, and the maximum electric field strength is approximately 0.85×10⁻⁶. 6 V / m, this value is far below the radio frequency breakdown field strength threshold of 3.0 × 10⁻⁶ under atmospheric conditions. 6 V / m, and less than 1.0×10 6 V / m safe field strength threshold. The results show that the full-height waveguide and eight-layer ferrite loading structure of this invention can significantly reduce the electric field concentration in the junction region, with sufficient safety margin for peak power, and no risk of radio frequency breakdown and arcing under 3MW peak power conditions.

[0048] The average power-temperature simulation results of this embodiment are as follows: Figure 7 The figure shows the simulation results of the steady-state temperature distribution under the operating conditions of 324MHz, 150kW average power, and 6kW heat dissipation in this embodiment. Figure 7 It can be seen that the temperature distribution in the four-layer, eight-piece ferrite region is uniform, with a maximum temperature of 57.6℃ and a minimum temperature of 57.4℃, and the overall temperature difference does not exceed 0.2℃, with no localized hot spots. This temperature is far below the recommended maximum operating temperature of 120℃ for ferrite materials. The results show that the present invention, employing a copper folded water channel, parallel water cooling, and a double-sided thin ferrite structure, can achieve full coverage, high efficiency, and high uniformity heat dissipation, meeting the requirements for long-term continuous and stable operation at an average power of 150kW.

[0049] The insertion loss simulation results in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 8 The figure shows the insertion loss simulation curve at a working frequency of 324MHz in this embodiment. Figure 8 It can be seen that at a frequency of 324MHz, the simulated insertion loss of the device is 0.072dB, which is no greater than 0.1dB. The results show that the present invention, using low-loss ferrite material, low-loss silicone bonding, and a pure metal matching structure, can achieve extremely low insertion loss transmission and high RF transmission efficiency.

[0050] The simulation results of return loss in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 9 The figure shows the simulated return loss curve at a working frequency of 324MHz in this embodiment. Figure 9 It can be seen that at a frequency of 324MHz, the simulated return loss of the device is 33.8dB, which is not less than 30dB. The results show that the present invention achieves precise impedance matching through the built-in metal cylinder, with excellent port VSWR, minimal signal reflection, and excellent matching performance.

[0051] The isolation simulation results in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, more specifically, is the isolation simulation curve of this embodiment at an operating frequency of 324MHz. (From...) Figure 10It can be seen that at the 324MHz frequency point, the simulated isolation value of the device is 31.9dB, which is not less than 30dB. The results show that the present invention has high isolation characteristics within the operating frequency point, can effectively block reverse transmission power, and meets the operating requirements of circulators and isolators.

[0052] comprehensive Figure 6-10 Simulation results show that the P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator described in this invention has a peak power handling capacity of no less than 3MW at a working frequency of 324MHz, with sufficient electric field safety margin; an average power handling capacity of no less than 150kW, uniform heat dissipation, and a temperature far below the material limit; low insertion loss, high return loss, high isolation, and excellent RF electrical performance; it can effectively solve the technical problems of electric field concentration, insufficient heat dissipation, low power capacity, and poor stability of traditional Y-junction circulators, and fully meet the requirements of ultra-high power transmission systems.

Claims

1. A P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator, characterized in that, The device includes a waveguide Y-junction tee cavity, four layers of copper folded water-cooled plates, eight layers of ferrite sheets, a bias magnetic field assembly, a fully welded folded water-cooled circuit, and an RF matching structure. The waveguide Y-junction tee cavity is a full-height waveguide structure without compressing the waveguide height. The four layers of copper folded water-cooled plates are internally installed in the central junction of the waveguide Y-junction tee cavity. Ferrite sheets are attached and fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of each layer of copper folded water-cooled plates, forming an eight-layer symmetrical ferrite sheet loading structure. The RF matching structure is a metal cylinder set in each waveguide. The folded water-cooled circuit supplies water to the four layers of copper folded water-cooled plates in parallel, achieving full-coverage and efficient heat dissipation.

2. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each waveguide of the waveguide Y-junction tee cavity has a two-segment structure, including a standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide segment and a wide-side extended rectangular waveguide segment. The wide side dimension of the wide-side extended rectangular waveguide segment is 10%–15% larger than the wide side dimension of the standard WR2300 rectangular waveguide, while the narrow side dimension remains unchanged.

3. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of metal cylinders in the radio frequency matching structure is four per waveguide. The metal cylinders are installed in the wide-side extended rectangular waveguide section and are used to adjust impedance matching, improve VSWR, optimize insertion loss and isolation, and suppress higher-order modes.

4. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper folded water cooling plate has a continuous reciprocating copper folded water channel inside. The cooling water fully covers the ferrite sheet installation area along the folded water channel. The flow channel in a single water cooling plate is folded back 4 times, and the heat exchange path is 4 times that of a straight water channel.

5. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ferrite sheet is a triangular thin ferrite sheet with a single layer thickness of 4mm. It is bonded to the surface of the copper folded water cooling plate using low-loss, high-thermal-conductivity silicone adhesive. The adhesive layer is uniform and has low thermal resistance.

6. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The folded water cooling circuit includes a copper inlet pipe, a return pipe, and inlet / outlet flanges. The four-layer copper folded water cooling plate, folded water channels, cooling water pipes, and inlet / outlet flanges are integrally welded and formed, ensuring a leak-proof seal.

7. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ferrite sheet adopts a high temperature stability formula, the working magnetization point is set in the high field working range above the ferromagnetic resonance peak, and it is equipped with a magnetization point temperature compensation mechanism.

8. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide Y-junction tee cavity is 120° rotationally symmetrical, with a smooth, rounded inner wall, and the total length from the center junction to the end face waveguide is 1050mm.

9. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulator operates in the 324MHz P-band, with a forward peak power ≥3MW, a forward average power ≥150kW, and a maximum electric field strength in the Y-junction region ≤0.85×10⁻⁶. 6 V / m, the highest temperature of ferrite under 150kW traveling wave state is ≤57.6℃.

10. The P-band eight-layer ferrite parallel water-cooled ultra-high power Y-junction circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bias magnetic field assembly is composed of a permanent magnet and an excitation coil, providing a stable bias magnetic field for the eight-layer ferrite sheet; the circulator can withstand 100% total internal reflection power in any phase, and the circulator direction is port 1 → port 2 → port 3 → port 1.

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