A method of constructing an energy storage system

Abstract

This application provides a method for constructing an energy storage system. The method includes: selecting multiple candidate cells that meet the energy storage demand data based on demand energy storage data, initial state information of the cells to be used, and basic cell information; calculating multi-dimensional control factors for each candidate cell from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power based on the demand energy storage data, initial state information of the cells corresponding to the candidate cells, basic cell information, and target energy storage system type; and constructing the target energy storage system based on the multi-dimensional control factors for each candidate cell. This application uses multi-dimensional control factors to select cells for constructing the target energy storage system, avoiding over-configuration of the target energy storage system, reducing system configuration costs, and improving the utilization efficiency of individual cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of dynamically reconfigurable battery energy storage technology, and in particular to a method for constructing an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies offer dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage technology with digital energy, which changes the traditional fixed series-parallel connection method of individual batteries in energy storage systems. Its main strategy is to connect a corresponding control unit in parallel to each individual battery to form a control unit. The control unit controls the time when the individual battery is connected to the charging and discharging circuit, thereby achieving efficient utilization of battery energy and ensuring battery safety. It fundamentally solves the safety and economic problems of energy storage systems. Dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage technology accepts inconsistencies in battery production and composition, and ensures full utilization of battery energy by optimizing battery use.

[0003] For economic, energy utilization and environmental protection reasons, in the process of building energy storage systems, there are situations where battery clusters (including multiple individual cells) of different brands and models are mixed and used together, as well as new and old battery clusters. Due to the different internal resistance of different battery clusters, bias current will be introduced when the battery clusters are charged and discharged. For example, high-capacity battery clusters cannot play their maximum role under the influence of low-capacity batteries, and may also damage the batteries. It is not economical to use them. In particular, the uncontrollable current makes the safety extremely poor, and may even cause serious safety accidents such as explosion, bulging and leakage.

[0004] Therefore, during the construction of energy storage systems, the different electrochemical systems, capacities, manufacturers, batches, and aging levels of individual cells within the system can affect the overall energy storage system. Although dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage technology can optimize the balanced use of each control unit in the energy storage system through scheduling methods, the construction of energy storage systems in existing technologies mainly relies on simple capacity and voltage matching, thus ignoring other important characteristics of individual cells, such as internal resistance, temperature characteristics, and cycle life. This approach fails to fully consider the diversity and complexity of individual cells, resulting in inconsistencies among the control units within the energy storage system. Consequently, during the use of the constructed energy storage system, the significant initial inconsistencies among the control units reduce key indicators such as the lifespan and throughput of the energy storage system. This leads to problems such as overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal runaway during operation, thereby reducing the safety and reliability of the energy storage system and further significantly impacting its economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide at least one method for constructing an energy storage system. This method considers various characteristics of individual cells and uses multi-dimensional control factors to screen individual cells for the construction of a target energy storage system. This enables precise control and optimized configuration of the energy storage system, improves the utilization efficiency of the energy storage system, avoids over-configuration of the target energy storage system, reduces system configuration costs, improves the utilization efficiency of individual cells, extends the lifespan of the energy storage system, and thus improves the economy and reliability of the energy storage system.

[0006] This application mainly includes the following aspects:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for constructing an energy storage system. The method includes: acquiring initial state information of a single battery cell to be used, basic battery information, and energy storage demand data corresponding to a target energy storage system; selecting multiple candidate single batteries that meet the energy storage demand data from multiple single batteries to be used based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the single battery cell to be used, the basic battery information, and the target energy storage system type; comprehensively calculating a multi-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single battery cell from the dimensions of battery type, battery energy, and battery power based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the candidate single battery cell, the basic battery information, and the target energy storage system type; and constructing the target energy storage system based on the multi-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single battery cell.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the target energy storage system is a single-phase energy storage system or a multi-phase energy storage system, and the multi-dimensional control factor is a three-dimensional control factor corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system or a two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the multi-phase energy storage system.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a single-phase energy storage system is constructed in the following manner:

[0010] Based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the candidate cells, and the basic information of the cells, the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell is calculated comprehensively from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power. Based on the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell, a single-phase energy storage system is constructed.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a multiphase energy storage system is constructed as follows: multiple candidate individual cells are grouped according to battery type to obtain multiple battery type sets; for each battery type set, the candidate individual cells within that set are split according to different rated capacities to obtain multiple battery capacity subsets corresponding to that battery type set; based on the initial state information of the candidate individual cells, a two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate individual cells is calculated from the battery energy dimension and the battery power dimension; and a multiphase energy storage system is constructed based on the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate individual cell.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell is calculated as follows: Based on the demand storage data and the basic battery information corresponding to the candidate single cell, a battery type dimension factor is calculated; based on the demand storage data and the initial state information of the battery corresponding to the candidate single cell, a battery energy dimension factor and a battery power dimension factor are calculated respectively; the battery type dimension factor, battery energy dimension factor, and battery power dimension factor are weighted according to the first dimension control weight corresponding to the battery type dimension factor, the second dimension control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor, and the third dimension control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor, to determine the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate single cell.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the demand energy storage data includes the system's maximum output voltage, rated energy, number of system batteries, and redundancy design factor corresponding to the target energy storage system. The basic battery information includes rated voltage and rated energy.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the battery type dimension factor is calculated as follows: The number of candidate individual cells, the number of different types of cells among the multiple candidate individual cells, and the number of cells with different rated energies are obtained; based on the system's maximum output voltage, system rated energy, number of system cells, and redundancy design coefficient, the equivalent voltage and equivalent energy corresponding to each candidate individual cell are calculated; the voltage relative error between the rated voltage and equivalent voltage of the candidate individual cell is calculated; the energy relative error between the rated energy and equivalent energy of the candidate individual cell is calculated; for candidate individual cells of the same type, a first proportion of that type of cell in all candidate individual cells is determined based on the number of cells of that type and the total number of candidate individual cells; for candidate individual cells of the same capacity, a second proportion of that capacity cell in all candidate individual cells is determined based on the number of capacity cells and the total number of candidate individual cells; the voltage relative error, energy relative error, first proportion, and second proportion are weighted according to a type weighting coefficient to determine the battery type dimension factor.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the type weighting coefficients include a first type weight corresponding to the voltage relative error, a second type weight corresponding to the energy relative error, a third type weight corresponding to the first proportion, and a fourth type weight corresponding to the second proportion.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the step of determining the battery type dimension factor by weighting the voltage relative error, energy relative error, first proportion, and second proportion according to the type weight coefficient further includes: calculating the cost dimension control factor based on the voltage relative error and its corresponding first type weight and the energy relative error and its corresponding second type weight; calculating the consistency dimension control factor based on the first proportion and its corresponding third type weight and the second proportion and its corresponding fourth type weight; and determining the sum of the cost dimension control factor and the consistency dimension control factor as the battery type dimension factor.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the battery type dimension factor is determined using the following formula:

[0018] Kbt=kbtv×Vre 2 +kbte×Ere 2 +kbtpt×(1-Pbt) 2 +kbtpe

[0019] ×(1-Pbe) 2

[0020] In this formula, Kbt represents the battery type dimension factor, kbtv represents the first type weight corresponding to the voltage relative error, Vre represents the voltage relative error, kbte represents the second type weight corresponding to the energy relative error, Ere represents the energy relative error, kbtpt represents the third type weight corresponding to the first proportion, Pbt represents the first proportion, kbtpe represents the fourth type weight corresponding to the second proportion, and Pbe represents the second proportion. Among them, kbtv, kbte, kbtpt, and kbtpe are weight coefficients in the interval (0, 1), and kbtv + kbte + kbtpt + kbtpe = 1.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the battery energy dimension factor is calculated as follows: based on the initial state information and energy storage demand data of each candidate cell, the state of charge consistency factor, state of health consistency factor, state of energy consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor for each candidate cell are determined; the state of charge consistency factor, state of health consistency factor, state of energy consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor are weighted according to the first energy weight corresponding to the state of charge consistency factor, the second energy weight corresponding to the state of health consistency factor, the third energy weight corresponding to the state of energy consistency factor, and the fourth energy weight corresponding to the lifetime consistency factor to determine the battery energy dimension factor.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the initial state information of the battery includes the state of charge (SOC), wherein the SOC consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined by: calculating the average SOC of all candidate cells based on the SOC of each candidate cell; and determining the SOC consistency factor for each candidate cell based on the SOC of the candidate cells and the average SOC.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the initial state information of the battery also includes the health state, wherein the health state consistency factor corresponding to each candidate cell is determined by: calculating the average health state of all candidate cells based on the health state of each candidate cell; and determining the health state consistency factor corresponding to each candidate cell based on the health state of the candidate cells and the average health state.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the initial state information of the battery also includes the state of energy, wherein the state of energy consistency factor corresponding to each candidate cell is determined by: calculating the average state of energy of all candidate cells based on the state of energy of each candidate cell; and determining the state of energy consistency factor corresponding to each candidate cell based on the state of energy of the candidate cells and the average state of energy.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the demand storage data also includes system lifetime, and the battery initial state information also includes health status. The lifetime consistency factor corresponding to each candidate cell is determined by the following method: the lifetime consistency factor corresponding to the candidate cell is determined based on the health status and system lifetime of the candidate cell.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the energy storage demand data also includes the battery's rated demand power and redundancy design factor, and the battery's initial state information also includes the battery power. The battery power dimension factor is determined by: calculating the equivalent power corresponding to the candidate single cell based on the battery's rated demand power and redundancy design factor; calculating the difference between the battery power corresponding to the candidate single cell and the equivalent power; calculating the ratio between the difference and the equivalent power, and determining the square of the ratio as the battery power dimension factor corresponding to the candidate single cell.

[0027] In one possible implementation, a single-phase energy storage system is constructed by: sorting candidate single cells according to three-dimensional control factors; selecting multiple recombined single cells from the candidate single cells according to the sorting results; calculating the first actual energy storage data of the single-phase energy storage system formed by the multiple recombined single cells based on the initial state information and basic information of the battery corresponding to each recombined single cell; and forming the single-phase energy storage system based on the first actual energy storage data.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the step of forming a single-phase energy storage system based on the first actual energy storage data includes: determining whether the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system; if the first actual energy storage data does not match the required energy storage data corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system, adjusting the weights of each item used to calculate the three-dimensional control factor, and recalculating the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell; if the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system, for each recombined single cell, connecting the recombined single cell in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit; and connecting all control units in series to form a single-phase energy storage system.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery cell is determined by: calculating the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor based on the demand storage data and the initial state information of the battery corresponding to the candidate battery cell; and weighting the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor according to the second dimension control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor and the third dimension control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor to determine the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery cell.

[0030] In one possible implementation, a multiphase energy storage system is constructed as follows: For each subset of battery capacity, the subset is divided into multiple candidate battery groups according to the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell within the subset, and a comprehensive control factor is determined for each candidate battery group; the candidate battery groups are sorted according to the comprehensive control factor; multiple target candidate battery groups are selected from the multiple candidate battery groups based on the sorting results; the second actual energy storage data of the multiphase energy storage system formed by the target candidate battery groups is calculated based on the initial state information and basic information of each candidate single cell in each target candidate battery group; and the multiphase energy storage system is formed based on the second actual energy storage data.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the step of forming a multiphase energy storage system based on the second actual energy storage data includes: determining whether the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system; if the second actual energy storage data does not meet the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system, adjusting the weights of each item used to calculate the comprehensive control factor, and recalculating the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack; if the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system, performing the following processing for each phase in the multiphase energy storage system: connecting each candidate battery cell in the target candidate battery pack in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit, cascading all control units corresponding to the target candidate battery pack to form a corresponding single-phase energy storage system; using the single-phase energy storage system formed by each target candidate battery pack as each phase in the multiphase energy storage system, and connecting the corresponding single-phase energy storage systems together through star or delta connections to form a multiphase energy storage system.

[0032] In one possible implementation, multiple candidate battery packs corresponding to each battery capacity subset and a comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack are determined as follows: Each candidate single cell within the battery capacity subset is sorted according to the two-dimensional control factor; the multiple candidate single cells corresponding to the battery capacity subset are divided into multiple candidate battery packs according to the sorting results and the number of phases in the multiphase energy storage system; for each candidate battery pack, the average of the two-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate single cell within the candidate battery pack is calculated to determine the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack; for each candidate battery pack, a comprehensive control factor is calculated based on the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack, the basic battery information corresponding to the candidate single cells within the candidate battery pack, and the energy storage demand data.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the comprehensive control factor for each candidate battery pack is calculated as follows: Based on demand storage data and the basic battery information of the target candidate cell within the candidate battery pack, the cost dimension control factor and consistency dimension control factor of the target candidate cell are calculated, where the target candidate cell is any candidate cell within the candidate battery pack; the cost dimension control factor of the target candidate cell is determined as the target cost dimension control factor for the candidate battery pack, and the consistency dimension control factor of the target candidate cell is determined as the target consistency dimension control factor for the candidate battery pack; the target two-dimensional control factor, target cost dimension control factor, and target consistency dimension control factor for the candidate battery pack are weighted according to the first weight of the target two-dimensional control factor, the second weight of the cost dimension control factor, and the third weight of the consistency dimension control factor to determine the comprehensive control factor for the candidate battery pack.

[0034] This application provides a method for constructing an energy storage system. The method includes: selecting multiple candidate cells that meet the energy storage demand data based on the demand energy storage data, the initial state information of the cells to be used, and the basic information of the cells; calculating a multi-dimensional control factor for each candidate cell based on the demand energy storage data, the initial state information of the cells corresponding to the candidate cells, the basic information of the cells, and the target energy storage system type, from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power; and constructing the target energy storage system based on the multi-dimensional control factor for each candidate cell. This application uses multi-dimensional control factors to select cells for constructing the target energy storage system, avoiding over-configuration of the target energy storage system, reducing system configuration costs, and improving the utilization efficiency of individual cells.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for constructing an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0038] Figure 2This illustration shows a process for determining the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to a candidate battery cell, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the steps for constructing a single-phase energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a single-phase energy storage system connection method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0041] Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a candidate single-cell battery being split into groups according to an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional control factor calculation process provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 7 A flowchart of a method for creating a multiphase energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a comprehensive control factor determination method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0045] Figure 9 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 10 This application provides a functional block diagram of an energy storage system construction device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0049] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] For economic, energy utilization and environmental protection reasons, in the process of building energy storage systems, there are situations where battery clusters (including multiple individual cells) of different brands and models are mixed and used together, as well as new and old battery clusters. Due to the different internal resistance of different battery clusters, bias current will be introduced when the battery clusters are charged and discharged. For example, high-capacity battery clusters cannot play their maximum role under the influence of low-capacity batteries, and may also damage the batteries. It is not economical to use them. In particular, the uncontrollable current makes the safety extremely poor, and may even cause serious safety accidents such as explosion, bulging and leakage.

[0051] Therefore, during the construction of energy storage systems, the different electrochemical systems, capacities, manufacturers, batches, and aging levels of individual cells within the system can affect the overall energy storage system. Although dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage technology can optimize the balanced use of each control unit in the energy storage system through scheduling methods, the construction of energy storage systems in existing technologies mainly relies on simple capacity and voltage matching, thus ignoring other important characteristics of individual cells, such as internal resistance, temperature characteristics, and cycle life. This approach fails to fully consider the diversity and complexity of individual cells, resulting in inconsistencies among the control units within the energy storage system. Consequently, during the use of the constructed energy storage system, the significant initial inconsistencies among the control units reduce key indicators such as the lifespan and throughput of the energy storage system. This leads to problems such as overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal runaway during operation, thereby reducing the safety and reliability of the energy storage system and further significantly impacting its economic efficiency.

[0052] Based on this, this application provides a method for building an energy storage system. By using multi-dimensional control factors to screen individual battery cells for the target energy storage system, the method mitigates consistency issues caused by differences in individual battery cells, avoids over-configuration of the target energy storage system, reduces system configuration costs, and improves the utilization efficiency of individual battery cells. Specifically, the method is as follows:

[0053] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for constructing an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1As shown, the method provided in this application embodiment includes the following steps:

[0054] S100: Obtain the initial state information of the battery, basic information of the battery, and energy storage demand data corresponding to the target energy storage system for the single battery cell to be used.

[0055] S200: Based on the energy storage demand data and the initial state information and basic information of the battery corresponding to the single battery to be used, select multiple candidate single batteries that meet the energy storage demand data from multiple single batteries to be used.

[0056] S300 calculates the multi-dimensional control factor for each candidate cell based on demand energy storage data, initial state information of the cells corresponding to the candidate cells, basic information of the cells, and type of the target energy storage system, from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power.

[0057] S400: Based on the multi-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate single cell, a target energy storage system is constructed.

[0058] In step S100, the basic battery information includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: battery type, battery rated capacity, and battery rated power. The initial state information of the battery includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: battery state of charge (SOC), battery state of health (SOH), and battery state of power (SOP). The energy storage demand data is given in advance according to the usage requirements of the target energy storage system. Specifically, the energy storage demand data includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: system lifetime (SOHsys), system rated capacity (Esys), system rated power (Psys), system output requirements, and system structure design.

[0059] In step S200, it is necessary to first screen multiple individual cells to be used. Specifically, based on the initial state information and basic information of the individual cells to be used, multiple candidate individual cells that meet the system lifespan SOHsys and system rated power Psys are selected from multiple individual cells to be used.

[0060] In steps S300 to S400, the multidimensional control factor reflects the matching degree between the candidate single cell and the target energy storage system to be built in different dimensions (including at least the battery type dimension, battery energy dimension and battery power dimension). The smaller the multidimensional control factor, the more stable the target energy storage system built using the candidate single cell is.

[0061] In steps S100 to S400, the required energy storage data of the target energy storage system and the initial state information and basic information of the individual battery to be used are combined to calculate the corresponding multi-dimensional control factor. Since the multi-dimensional control factor reflects the overall consistency between the individual battery and the target energy storage system, this application uses the multi-dimensional control factor to screen the individual batteries used to build the target energy storage system, optimizes the balanced use of each control unit in the energy storage system, effectively reduces the performance degradation caused by the initial inconsistency of the energy storage units, and thus improves the key indicators such as the lifespan and throughput of the energy storage system.

[0062] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional control factors in this application enable the screening of single cells from different electrochemical systems, capacities, manufacturers, batches, and aging levels, making the solution in this application highly adaptable and flexible.

[0063] Specifically, the energy storage system includes uniphase energy storage system and multiphase energy storage system. The target energy storage system is a uniphase energy storage system or a multiphase energy storage system. The multidimensional control factor is a three-dimensional control factor corresponding to the uniphase energy storage system or a two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the multiphase energy storage system.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, if the target energy storage system is a single-phase energy storage system, step S400 includes:

[0065] Based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the candidate cells, and the basic information of the cells, the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell is calculated from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power. Based on the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell, a single-phase energy storage system is constructed.

[0066] Preferably, this application calculates the consistency between the candidate single-cell battery and the single-phase energy storage system to be created in terms of battery type, battery energy, and battery power by using demand storage data and the initial state information and basic information of each candidate single-cell battery. The three-dimensional control factor is then calculated, which reflects the overall consistency between the candidate single-cell battery and the single-phase energy storage system to be created. Based on the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single-cell battery, the corresponding single-phase energy storage system is further analyzed and constructed.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell is calculated in the following manner:

[0068] Based on the demand storage data and the basic battery information corresponding to the candidate single battery cells, the battery type dimension factor is calculated. Based on the demand storage data and the initial state information of the candidate single battery cells, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are calculated respectively. According to the first dimension control weight corresponding to the battery type dimension factor, the second dimension control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor, and the third dimension control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor, the battery type dimension factor, battery energy dimension factor, and battery power dimension factor are weighted and calculated to determine the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate single battery cell.

[0069] For details, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This illustration shows a process for determining the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to candidate battery cells, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, in the process of calculating the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to candidate battery cells in this application, the battery type dimension factor Kbt, the battery energy dimension factor Kbe, and the battery power dimension factor Kbp are calculated from the perspectives of battery type dimension, battery energy dimension, and battery power dimension. Then, the battery type dimension factor Kbt, battery energy dimension factor Kbe, and battery power dimension factor Kbp are weighted and calculated using the pre-given first dimension control weight, second dimension control weight, and third dimension control weight, respectively, to obtain the three-dimensional control factors.

[0070] The battery type dimension factor reflects the consistency between the candidate single cell and the single-phase energy storage system to be built in terms of battery type. The battery energy dimension factor reflects the consistency between the candidate single cell and the single-phase energy storage system to be built in terms of battery energy. The battery power dimension factor reflects the consistency between the candidate single cell and the single-phase energy storage system to be built in terms of battery power.

[0071] In one example, the three-dimensional control factor for each candidate cell is calculated using the following formula:

[0072] K1=Kbt×k1+Kbe×k2+Kbp×k3 (1)

[0073] In formula (1), K1 represents the three-dimensional control factor, k1 represents the first dimension control weight, k2 represents the second dimension control weight, and k3 represents the third dimension control weight. Among them, k1+k2+k3=1, and k1, k2 and k3 are given or adjusted according to actual needs.

[0074] Preferably, the energy storage demand data includes the maximum output voltage of the target energy storage system, the rated energy of the system, the number of system batteries and the redundancy design factor, and the basic battery information includes the rated voltage and rated energy of the individual battery cells.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the battery type dimension factor is calculated in the following manner:

[0076] The system obtains the number of candidate cells, the number of cells of different types and the number of cells with different rated energies among the candidate cells. Based on the system's maximum output voltage, system rated energy, number of cells, and redundancy design coefficient, it calculates the equivalent voltage and equivalent energy for each candidate cell, calculates the voltage relative error between the rated voltage and equivalent voltage of the candidate cell, and calculates the energy relative error between the rated energy and equivalent energy of the candidate cell. For candidate cells of the same type, it determines the first proportion of that type of cell among all candidate cells based on the number of cells of that type and the total number of candidate cells. For candidate cells of the same capacity, it determines the second proportion of that capacity among all candidate cells based on the number of cells of that capacity and the total number of candidate cells. The voltage relative error, energy relative error, first proportion, and second proportion are weighted according to the type weight coefficient to determine the battery type dimension factor.

[0077] In one example, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the process of calculating the battery type dimension factor, the battery type dimension factor Kbt is mainly determined based on the rated voltage V0, rated energy E0, the first proportion Pbt of the same type of single cell in all candidate single cells, and the second proportion Pbe of the same capacity in all candidate single cells.

[0078] In a preferred example, the equivalent voltage and equivalent energy of each candidate cell are first calculated based on the system's maximum output voltage, the number of system cells, and the redundancy design factor. Then, the voltage pair error and energy relative error are determined based on the rated voltage and rated energy, equivalent voltage and equivalent energy of the candidate cells. Finally, based on the total number of candidate cells Ntotal, the number of candidate cells of the same type Nbatt, and the number of cells of the same capacity Nbate, the first proportion of cells of the same type in the total number of candidate cells Pbt = Nbatt / Ntotal and the second proportion of cells of the same capacity in the total number of candidate cells Pbe = Nbate / Ntotal are determined respectively.

[0079] The equivalent voltage for each candidate cell is determined using the following formula:

[0080] Vave=Vspeak×(1+n) / N (2)

[0081] In formula (2), Vave represents the equivalent voltage, Vspeak represents the maximum output voltage of the system, n represents the redundancy design factor, and N represents the number of candidate single cells.

[0082] The equivalent energy is determined using the following formula:

[0083] Eave = Esys / N (3)

[0084] In formula (3), Eave represents the equivalent energy and Esys represents the rated energy of the system.

[0085] The voltage relative error Vre is determined by the following formula:

[0086] Vre = (V0 - Vave) / Vave.

[0087] The relative energy error Ere is determined using the following formula:

[0088] Ere = (E0 - Eave) / Eave.

[0089] Furthermore, the type weight coefficients include the first type weight corresponding to the voltage relative error, the second type weight corresponding to the energy relative error, the third type weight corresponding to the first proportion, and the fourth type weight corresponding to the second proportion.

[0090] Preferably, the battery type dimension factor is determined by weighting the voltage relative error (Vave), energy relative error (Eave), first proportion (Pbt), and second proportion (Pbe) according to type weights. Specifically, this includes:

[0091] Based on the relative voltage error and its corresponding first type weight, and the relative energy error and its corresponding second type weight, the cost dimension control factor is calculated. Based on the first proportion and its corresponding third type weight, and the second proportion and its corresponding fourth type weight, the consistency dimension control factor is calculated. The sum of the cost dimension control factor and the consistency dimension control factor is determined as the battery type dimension factor.

[0092] The battery type dimension factor is determined by two parts: a cost dimension control factor and a consistency dimension control factor. In a preferred example, the cost dimension control factor is determined by the following formula:

[0093] kcos=kbtv×Vre 2 +kbte×Ere 2 (4)

[0094] In formula (4), kcos represents the cost dimension control factor, kbtv represents the first type of weight, Vre represents the voltage relative error, kbte represents the second type of weight, and Ere represents the energy relative error.

[0095] Specifically, a smaller kcos indicates that the candidate single cell is closer to the energy storage requirements of the target energy storage system. By controlling kcos, the problem of over-configuration of the target energy storage system due to the selection of single cells can be avoided, thereby increasing the system cost.

[0096] In another preferred example, the consistency dimension control factor is determined by the following formula:

[0097] kcon = kbtpt × (1 - Pbt) 2 +kbtpe×(1-Pbe) 2 (5)

[0098] In formula (5), kcon represents the consistency dimension control factor, kbtpt represents the third type weight, Pbt represents the first proportion, kbtpe represents the fourth type weight, and Pbe represents the second proportion.

[0099] kcon is used to constrain the target energy storage system to use the same type or capacity of single cells as much as possible. By adjusting the value of kcon, the initial inconsistency of the target energy storage system can be reduced, which can reduce the difficulty of system optimization and scheduling, and improve the system's safety and economy.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the battery type dimension factor Kbt is determined by the following formula:

[0101] Kbt=kbtv×Vre 2 +kbte×Ere 2 +kbtpt×(1-Pbt) 2 +kbtpe

[0102] ×(1-Pbe) 2

[0103] In a specific example, such as Figure 2 In calculating the battery energy dimension factors, the main factors considered are the state of charge consistency factor Csoc, the health status consistency factor Csoh, the energy status consistency factor Csoe, and the lifetime consistency factor Vsoh.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the battery energy dimension factor is calculated in the following manner:

[0105] Based on the initial state information and energy storage demand data of each candidate cell, the state of charge consistency factor, health state consistency factor, energy state consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor of the candidate cell are determined. The state of charge consistency factor, health state consistency factor, energy state consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor are then weighted according to the first energy weight corresponding to the state of charge consistency factor, the second energy weight corresponding to the health state consistency factor, the third energy weight corresponding to the energy state consistency factor, and the fourth energy weight corresponding to the lifetime consistency factor to determine the battery energy dimension factor.

[0106] Preferably, the initial state information of the battery includes the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and state of energy (SOE) of the individual cells, and the energy storage demand data also includes the system lifetime (SOHsys).

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the state of charge consistency factor, state of health consistency factor, state of energy consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor for each candidate cell are further determined in the following ways:

[0108] Based on the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and state of energy (SOE) of each candidate cell, calculate the average SOC, average SOH, and average SOE of all candidate cells. Then, determine the SOC consistency factor for each candidate cell based on its SOC and average SOH. Finally, determine the SOE consistency factor based on the health status and average health status of each candidate cell.

[0109] In one specific embodiment, it is necessary to calculate the average values ​​of the State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and State of Energy (SOE) for all candidate individual cells to obtain the average values ​​of SOCave, SOHave, and SOEave. Then, for each candidate cell, further calculations are performed:

[0110] State of charge consistency factor Csoc = (SOC - SOCave) 2 ;

[0111] Health status consistency factor Csoh=(SOH-SOHave) 2 ;

[0112] Energy state consistency factor Csoe = (SOE - SOEave) 2;

[0113] Lifetime consistency factor Vsoh = (SOHave - SOHsys) 2 .

[0114] Furthermore, the battery energy dimension factor Kbe is determined using the following formula:

[0115] Kbe=kbec×Csoc+kbeh×Csoh+kbee×Csoe+kbehv×Vsoh(7)

[0116] In formula (7), kbec represents the first energy weight, kbeh represents the second energy weight, kbee represents the third energy weight, and kbehv represents the fourth energy weight. kbec, kbeh, kbee, and kbehv are all constant coefficients in the interval (0,1). kbec+kbeh+kbee+kbehv=1. The magnitudes of kbec, kbeh, kbee, and kbehv are given in advance according to the target energy storage requirements.

[0117] Among them, kbec×Csoc+kbeh×Csoh+kbee×Csoe is used to characterize the consistency of individual cells. The smaller the result, the closer the candidate individual cell is to the median of the cell.

[0118] kbehv×Vsoh is used to indicate the degree of matching between the lifespan of a single cell and the lifespan of the system. The smaller the kbehv×Vsoh value, the closer the single cell is to the lifespan requirements of the target energy storage system.

[0119] like Figure 2 In calculating the battery power dimension factor, the main factor to consider is the battery power SOP. The energy storage demand data also includes the battery rated demand power Psys, and the battery initial state information also includes the battery power SOP.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, the battery power dimension factor is determined in the following manner:

[0121] Based on the rated power demand Psys and the redundancy design factor n, calculate the equivalent power Pbat corresponding to the candidate single cell, calculate the difference between the battery power SOP and the equivalent power Pbat corresponding to the candidate single cell, calculate the ratio between the difference and the equivalent power Pbat, and determine the square of the ratio as the battery power dimension factor Kbp corresponding to the candidate single cell.

[0122] Preferably, the equivalent power Pbat corresponding to the candidate single cell is Psys×(1+n) / N.

[0123] In this application, the SOP (Sum of Power) of all candidate cells is greater than the equivalent power Pbat. The closer the SOP of a candidate cell is to the equivalent power Pbat, the higher the cost-effectiveness of selecting that candidate cell to construct the target energy storage system. Therefore, the battery power dimension factor Kbp = [(SOP - Pbat) / Pbat] 2 .

[0124] The smaller the battery power dimension factor (Kbp), the lower the configuration cost of the target energy storage system.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the construction steps of a single-phase energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the steps to construct a single-phase energy storage system based on the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate cell include:

[0126] S4001. Sort the candidate single cells according to the three-dimensional control factors.

[0127] S4002. According to the sorting results, select multiple recombined single cells from multiple candidate single cells.

[0128] S4003. Based on the initial state information and basic information of each recombined cell, calculate the first actual energy storage data of the single-phase energy storage system formed by multiple recombined cells.

[0129] S4004. Determine whether the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system.

[0130] S4005. If the first actual energy storage data does not match the required energy storage data corresponding to the unidirectional energy storage system, adjust the weights of each item used to calculate the three-dimensional control factor, and return to recalculate the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell.

[0131] S4006. If the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data of the single-phase energy storage system, then for each recombined cell, the recombined cell is connected in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit.

[0132] S4007. All control units are connected in series to form a single-phase energy storage system.

[0133] In one specific embodiment, in steps S4001 to S4007, after calculating the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell, the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate single cell are sorted from smallest to largest. According to the sorting result, the top n candidate single cells are selected as the recombined single cells corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system. Then, based on the battery initial state information and battery basic information corresponding to each recombined single cell, the first actual energy storage data corresponding to each single-phase energy storage system is calculated. The first actual energy storage data includes multiple first actual output data, which include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: multiple recombined cells The system's actual capacity, actual energy, actual power, and actual lifespan are determined for each single-phase energy storage system formed by the battery. The energy storage demand data includes the first demand output data corresponding to each first actual output data. It is determined whether each first actual output data meets the corresponding first demand output data. If any first actual output data does not meet the corresponding first demand output data, the first dimension control weight, second dimension control weight, third dimension control weight, type weight coefficient, first energy weight, second energy weight, third energy weight, and fourth energy weight are adjusted, and the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate single cell are recalculated.

[0134] As can be seen from steps S4001 to S4007, this application matches the actual energy storage data and demand output data corresponding to multiple selected recombinant single cells, and determines whether to use recombinant single cells to complete the construction of the target energy storage system based on the matching results. This can avoid over-configuration of the target energy storage system, reduce system configuration costs, and improve the utilization efficiency of single cells.

[0135] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a single-phase energy storage system connection method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 4 As shown, in steps S4006 to S4007, the recombined single cell is regarded as an energy storage unit. If it is determined that each first actual output data meets the corresponding first demand output data, then for each recombined single cell, the recombined single cell is connected in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit. Then, each control unit is connected in series to form a corresponding single-phase energy storage system. The control module is an H-bridge.

[0136] Returning to step S400, if the target energy storage system is a multiphase energy storage system, then step S400 includes:

[0137] Multiple candidate cells are grouped according to their battery type to obtain multiple battery type sets. For each battery type set, the candidate cells within that set are split according to different rated capacities to obtain multiple battery capacity subsets corresponding to that battery type set. Based on the initial state information of the candidate cells, the two-dimensional control factors of the candidate cells are calculated from the dimensions of battery energy and battery power. Based on the two-dimensional control factors of each candidate cell, a multiphase energy storage system is constructed.

[0138] In a preferred embodiment, the multiphase energy storage system includes a three-phase energy storage system; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a candidate single-cell battery being divided into groups according to an embodiment of this application. First, multiple candidate single-cell batteries (Bat) are divided into multiple battery type sets based on battery type, such as... Figure 5 As shown, for example, the sets are divided into set a, set b, and set c. Then, for each battery type, each set is further grouped according to its rated capacity, resulting in multiple battery capacity subsets corresponding to each battery type set, such as... Figure 5 Candidate single-cell batteries Bat in set a are grouped according to different rated capacities to obtain subsets aa, ab, ac, etc. Similarly, sets b and c can be grouped in the same way (not shown in the figure).

[0139] Furthermore, during the construction of a multiphase energy storage system, the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the selected individual cell is calculated based on the initial state information of the candidate individual cell. The calculation method of the two-dimensional control factor is different from that of the three-dimensional control factor. The calculation of the two-dimensional control factor does not need to consider the battery type dimension, but only the battery energy dimension and the battery power dimension.

[0140] In a preferred embodiment, the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate single cell is determined by the following method:

[0141] Based on the demand storage data and the initial state information of the candidate single cells, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are calculated respectively. According to the second dimension control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor and the third dimension control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are weighted and calculated to determine the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate single cell.

[0142] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a two-dimensional control factor calculation process provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 6As shown, the two-dimensional control factor kb is obtained by weighting the battery energy dimension factor Kbe and the battery power dimension factor Kbe. Specifically, the two-dimensional control factor kb = Kbe × k2 + Kbp × k3. The determination method of the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor is the same as that of the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor in the single-phase energy storage system, and will not be elaborated here.

[0143] In a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method for creating a multiphase energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 7 As shown, a multiphase energy storage system is constructed in the following manner:

[0144] S5001. For each battery capacity subset, according to the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell in the battery capacity subset, divide the battery capacity subset into multiple candidate battery groups and determine the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery group.

[0145] S5002. Sort the candidate battery packs according to the comprehensive control factors.

[0146] S5003. Based on the sorting results, select multiple target candidate battery packs from multiple candidate battery packs.

[0147] S5004. Based on the initial state information and basic information of each candidate cell in each target candidate battery pack, calculate the second actual energy storage data of the multiphase energy storage system formed by the target candidate battery pack.

[0148] S5005. Determine whether the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system.

[0149] S5006. If the second actual energy storage data does not meet the required energy storage data of the multiphase energy storage system, adjust the weights of each item used to calculate the comprehensive control factor, and return to recalculate the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack.

[0150] S5007. If the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system, then for each target candidate battery pack, each candidate battery cell in the target candidate battery pack is connected in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit.

[0151] S5008. For each target candidate battery pack, cascade all control units corresponding to the target candidate battery pack to form a corresponding single-phase energy storage system.

[0152] S5009. The single-phase energy storage system built by each target candidate battery pack is regarded as each phase in the multi-phase energy storage system, and the corresponding single-phase energy storage systems are connected together by means of star connection or delta connection to form a multi-phase energy storage system.

[0153] In step S5001, the multiple candidate battery packs corresponding to each subset of battery capacity and the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack are determined in the following manner:

[0154] Each candidate cell within the battery capacity subset is sorted according to the two-dimensional control factor. Based on the sorting results and the corresponding number of phases in the multiphase energy storage system, the multiple candidate cells corresponding to the battery capacity subset are divided into multiple candidate battery groups. For each candidate battery group, the average of the two-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate cell within the candidate battery group is calculated to determine the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery group. For each candidate battery group, the comprehensive control factor corresponding to the candidate battery group is calculated based on the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery group, the basic battery information corresponding to the candidate cells within the candidate battery group, and the energy storage demand data.

[0155] In one specific embodiment, return Figure 5 Taking subset aa as an example, the multiphase energy storage system is a three-phase energy storage system. Based on the two-dimensional control factor, the candidate single cell Bat in subset aa is sorted from small to large to obtain the sorting result of the candidate single cell. Bat1, Ba2, ... are divided into candidate battery groups BATC1, BATC2 and BATC3 according to the sorting result. The number of multiple candidate battery groups is equal to the number of phases in the multiphase energy storage system.

[0156] Then, for each candidate battery pack, the average of the two-dimensional control factors corresponding to all candidate cells in the candidate battery pack is determined as the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack. Furthermore, for each candidate battery pack, the comprehensive control factor K2 corresponding to the candidate battery pack is calculated by combining the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack, the basic battery information and energy storage demand data of each candidate cell in the candidate battery pack.

[0157] In a preferred embodiment, the comprehensive control factor for each candidate battery pack is calculated in the following manner:

[0158] Based on the demand storage data and the basic information of the target candidate cells in the alternative battery pack, the cost dimension control factor and consistency dimension control factor of the target candidate cells are calculated. The target candidate cell is any candidate cell in the alternative battery pack. The cost dimension control factor of the target candidate cell is determined as the target cost dimension control factor of the alternative battery pack, and the consistency dimension control factor of the target candidate cell is determined as the target consistency dimension control factor of the alternative battery pack. According to the first weight of the target two-dimensional control factor, the second weight of the cost dimension control factor, and the third weight of the consistency dimension control factor, the target two-dimensional control factor, the target cost dimension control factor, and the target consistency dimension control factor of the alternative battery pack are weighted and calculated to determine the comprehensive control factor of the alternative battery pack.

[0159] For further details, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating a comprehensive control factor determination method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the comprehensive control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack is determined by the target cost dimension control factor, target consistency dimension control factor and two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack. The target cost dimension control factor and target consistency dimension control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack can be calculated by any candidate battery cell in the candidate battery pack.

[0160] In specific implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, for each battery capacity subset, all candidate cells within that subset have the same battery type and capacity. Therefore, the basic battery information for each candidate cell within the final candidate battery pack formed by dividing that subset is also identical. Thus, when calculating the target consistency dimension control factor and target cost dimension control factor for each battery capacity subset, the consistency dimension control factor and cost dimension control factor for any candidate cell in that candidate battery pack can be directly used as the target consistency dimension control factor and target cost dimension control factor for the entire candidate battery pack. Figure 8 As shown, for any candidate battery pack, the calculation of its target cost dimension control factor Kcoso depends on the rated voltage V0 and rated energy E0 of any candidate battery in the candidate battery pack, and the calculation of its target consistency dimension control factor Kcono depends on the first proportion Pbt of the same type of single cell in all candidate single cells and the second proportion Pbe of the same capacity single cell in all candidate single cells.

[0161] In this application, the calculation methods for the cost dimension control factor kcos and the consistency dimension control factor kcon corresponding to the candidate single cell have been described in the process of building a single-phase energy storage system, and will not be repeated here.

[0162] In one example, the comprehensive control factor K2 corresponding to the candidate battery pack is Kb×Q1+Kcoso×Q2+Kcono×Q3, where Q1 represents the first weight, Q2 represents the second weight, Q3 represents the third weight, Q1, Q2 and Q3 are all located in the (0,1) interval, and Q1+Q2+Q3=1.

[0163] In this application, whether constructing a single-phase energy storage system or a multi-phase energy storage system, the determination is made by calculating the multi-dimensional control factors corresponding to the candidate single cells. Since the multi-dimensional control factors integrate the consistency between the candidate single cells and the target energy storage system to be created in different dimensions, the selection of single cells based on the multi-dimensional control factors to form the final target energy storage system can make the constructed target energy storage system most in line with expectations, improve the utilization efficiency of single cells, and reduce resource waste.

[0164] return Figure 7 In steps S5002 to S5003, the candidate battery packs are sorted from smallest to largest according to the comprehensive control factor K2 corresponding to each candidate battery pack, and the top M candidate battery packs are selected as target candidate battery packs based on the sorting results, where M represents the number of phases in the multiphase energy storage system.

[0165] In steps S5004 to S5006, multiple target candidate battery packs correspond one-to-one with each phase of the multiphase energy storage system. Then, based on the initial state information and basic information of the batteries corresponding to each target candidate battery pack and the structure of the multiphase energy storage system, the second actual energy storage data formed by the target candidate battery packs is calculated. The second actual energy storage data includes multiple second actual output data, including but not limited to at least one of the following: capacity, energy, power, and lifespan corresponding to the target candidate battery pack. Then, each second actual output data is compared with the energy storage demand data of the corresponding phase of the multiphase energy storage system. If any second actual output data is inconsistent with the energy storage demand data of the corresponding phase, the weights used to calculate the comprehensive control factor are adjusted and updated, and then the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack is recalculated.

[0166] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a three-phase energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Assuming the target energy storage system of this application is a three-phase energy storage system, including phase A, phase B, and phase C, as follows... Figure 9As shown, in steps S5007 to S5009, for each selected target candidate battery pack, the candidate single cells in the target candidate battery pack are connected to the corresponding control module in parallel to form a control unit. All control units in the target candidate battery pack are cascaded to form a corresponding single-phase energy storage system. The single-phase energy storage systems formed by all target candidate battery packs are connected to phase A, phase B, and phase C respectively. Then, all single-phase energy storage systems are connected together through star or delta connection to form a multi-phase energy storage system.

[0167] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows:

[0168] 1. Improve the performance of energy storage systems: This application screens individual cells through multi-dimensional control factors and optimizes the balanced use of each control unit in the energy storage system, effectively reducing the performance degradation caused by the initial inconsistency of control units, thereby improving key indicators such as the lifespan and throughput of the energy storage system.

[0169] 2. Reduce system configuration costs: This application avoids over-configuration of the target energy storage system. By accurately matching the energy storage demand data and the characteristics of individual batteries, it reduces system configuration costs and improves economic efficiency.

[0170] 3. Improve the utilization efficiency of individual cells: This application improves the utilization efficiency of individual cells and reduces resource waste by comprehensively calculating the multi-dimensional control factors of candidate individual cells.

[0171] 4. Enhanced adaptability of energy storage systems: The method of this application is applicable to single cells with different electrochemical systems, capacities, manufacturers, batches, and aging levels, and has strong adaptability and flexibility.

[0172] Based on the same application concept, this application also provides an energy storage system construction device corresponding to the energy storage system construction method provided in the above embodiments. Since the principle of the device in this application to solve the problem is similar to the energy storage system construction method in the above embodiments of this application, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0173] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the functional block diagram of an energy storage system construction device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, the device includes:

[0174] The data acquisition module 600 is used to acquire the initial state information of the battery, the basic information of the battery, and the energy storage demand data of the target energy storage system corresponding to the single battery to be used.

[0175] The screening module 610 is used to screen multiple candidate cells that meet the energy storage requirements based on the energy storage demand data and the initial state information and basic information of the cells to be used.

[0176] The multidimensional control factor determination module 620 is used to comprehensively calculate the multidimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell based on the demand energy storage data, the initial state information of the cells corresponding to the candidate cells, the basic information of the cells, and the type of the target energy storage system, from the dimensions of cell type, cell energy, and cell power.

[0177] Module 630 is used to build the target energy storage system based on the multi-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate single cell.

[0178] Based on the same application concept, please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820, and a bus 830. The memory 820 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 810. When the electronic device 800 is running, the processor 810 and the memory 820 communicate via the bus 830. The machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor 810 to perform the steps of the energy storage system construction method provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0179] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when run by a processor, executes the steps of the energy storage system construction method provided in the above embodiments.

[0180] It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and devices described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some communication interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0181] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0182] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0183] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0184] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an energy storage system, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the initial state information of the individual battery to be used, the basic information of the battery, and the energy storage demand data corresponding to the target energy storage system; Based on the energy storage demand data and the initial state information and basic information of the battery corresponding to the single battery to be used, multiple candidate single batteries that meet the energy storage demand data are selected from multiple single batteries to be used. Based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the candidate single cell, the basic information of the battery, and the type of the target energy storage system, the multi-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell is calculated comprehensively from the dimensions of battery type, battery energy, and battery power. Based on the multi-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate cell, a target energy storage system is constructed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target energy storage system is a single-phase energy storage system or a multi-phase energy storage system, and the multi-dimensional control factor is a three-dimensional control factor corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system or a two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the multi-phase energy storage system.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The single-phase energy storage system is constructed in the following manner: Based on the energy storage demand data, the initial state information of the candidate single cell, and the basic information of the battery, the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell is calculated comprehensively from the dimensions of battery type, battery energy, and battery power. A single-phase energy storage system is constructed based on the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate cell.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multiphase energy storage system is constructed in the following manner: Multiple candidate single cells are grouped according to battery type to obtain multiple sets of battery types; For each set of battery types, the candidate single cells in the set of battery types are split according to different rated capacities to obtain multiple battery capacity subsets corresponding to the set of battery types. Based on the initial state information of the candidate single cell, the two-dimensional control factor of the candidate single cell is calculated from the dimensions of battery energy and battery power. A multiphase energy storage system is constructed based on the two-dimensional control factors corresponding to each candidate cell.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three-dimensional control factor for each candidate cell was calculated using the following method: Based on the energy storage demand data and the basic battery information corresponding to the candidate single battery cells, calculate the battery type dimension factor; Based on the energy storage demand data and the initial state information of the candidate single battery cells, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are calculated respectively. Based on the first dimension control weight corresponding to the battery type dimension factor, the second dimension control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor, and the third dimension control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor, the three-dimensional control factors corresponding to the candidate single cell are weighted and calculated to determine the three-dimensional control factors.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy storage demand data includes the maximum output voltage of the target energy storage system, the rated energy of the system, the number of system batteries, and the redundancy design factor. The basic battery information includes the rated voltage and rated energy.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery type dimension factor is calculated in the following manner: Obtain the number of candidate single cells, the number of different types of cells among multiple candidate single cells, and the number of cells with different rated energy; Based on the system's maximum output voltage, rated energy, number of batteries, and redundancy design factor, calculate the equivalent voltage and equivalent energy of each candidate cell. Calculate the voltage relative error between the rated voltage and the equivalent voltage of the candidate single cell; Calculate the relative energy error between the rated energy and the equivalent energy of the candidate single cell; For the same type of candidate single cell, the first proportion of that type of cell in all candidate single cells is determined based on the number of cells of that type and the number of candidate single cells. For candidate single cells of the same capacity, the second proportion of that capacity cell in all candidate single cells is determined based on the number of capacity cells and the number of candidate single cells. The battery type dimension factor is determined by weighting the voltage relative error, energy relative error, first proportion, and second proportion according to the type weight coefficient.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The type weighting coefficients include the first type weight corresponding to the voltage relative error, the second type weight corresponding to the energy relative error, the third type weight corresponding to the first proportion, and the fourth type weight corresponding to the second proportion.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of determining the battery type dimension factor by weighting the voltage relative error, energy relative error, first proportion, and second proportion according to the type weighting coefficient further includes: Based on the voltage relative error and its corresponding first type weight, and the energy relative error and its corresponding second type weight, calculate the cost dimension control factor; Calculate the consistency dimension control factor based on the first proportion and its corresponding third type weight, and the second proportion and its corresponding fourth type weight; The sum of the cost dimension control factor and the consistency dimension control factor is determined as the battery type dimension factor.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The battery type dimension factor is determined using the following formula: Kbt=kbtv×Vre 2 +kbte×Ere 2 +kbtpt×(1-Pbt) 2 +kbtpe×(1-Pbe) 2 In this formula, Kbt represents the battery type dimension factor, kbtv represents the first type weight corresponding to the voltage relative error, Vre represents the voltage relative error, kbte represents the second type weight corresponding to the energy relative error, Ere represents the energy relative error, kbtpt represents the third type weight corresponding to the first proportion, Pbt represents the first proportion, kbtpe represents the fourth type weight corresponding to the second proportion, and Pbe represents the second proportion. Among them, kbtv, kbte, kbtpt, and kbtpe are weight coefficients in the interval (0, 1), and kbtv + kbte + kbtpt + kbtpe = 1.

11. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery energy dimension factor is calculated as follows: Based on the initial state information of each candidate cell and the required energy storage data, determine the state of charge consistency factor, health state consistency factor, energy state consistency factor and lifetime consistency factor for each candidate cell. The battery energy dimension factor is determined by weighting the state of charge consistency factor, health state consistency factor, energy state consistency factor, and lifetime consistency factor according to the first energy weight corresponding to the state of charge consistency factor, the second energy weight corresponding to the health state consistency factor, the third energy weight corresponding to the energy state consistency factor, and the fourth energy weight corresponding to the lifetime consistency factor.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The battery initial state information includes the state of charge. The state-of-charge consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined in the following way: Calculate the average state of charge of all candidate cells based on the state of charge of each candidate cell. The state of charge consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined based on the state of charge (SOC) of the candidate cell and the average SOC.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The initial battery state information also includes health status. The health status consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined in the following way: Calculate the average health status of all candidate cells based on the health status of each candidate cell. Based on the health status of the candidate individual cells and the average health status, the health status consistency factor of the candidate individual cells is determined.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The initial state information of the battery also includes the state of energy. The energy state consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined in the following way: Calculate the average energy state of all candidate cells based on the energy state of each candidate cell. The energy state consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined based on the energy state of the candidate cell and the average energy state value.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The energy storage demand data also includes system lifetime, and the initial battery state information includes health status. The lifetime consistency factor for each candidate cell is determined using the following method: Based on the health status of the candidate individual cells and the system lifetime, the lifetime consistency factor corresponding to the candidate individual cells is determined.

16. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy storage demand data also includes the battery's rated power demand and redundancy design factor, and the battery's initial state information also includes the battery power. The battery power dimension factor is determined in the following way: Calculate the equivalent power of the candidate single cell based on the rated power requirement and redundancy design factor of the battery. Calculate the difference between the battery power corresponding to the candidate single cell and the equivalent power; Calculate the ratio between the difference and the equivalent power, and determine the square of the ratio as the battery power dimension factor corresponding to the candidate single cell.

17. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-phase energy storage system is constructed in the following manner: Candidate single cells are sorted according to three-dimensional control factors; Based on the sorting results, multiple recombined cells are selected from multiple candidate cells; Based on the initial state information and basic information of each recombined cell, the first actual energy storage data of the single-phase energy storage system formed by the multiple recombined cells is calculated. Based on the first actual energy storage data, the single-phase energy storage system is formed.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The step of forming the single-phase energy storage system based on the first actual energy storage data includes: Determine whether the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data corresponding to the single-phase energy storage system; If the first actual energy storage data does not match the required energy storage data corresponding to the unidirectional energy storage system, the weights of each item used to calculate the three-dimensional control factor are adjusted, and the three-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell is recalculated. If it is determined that the first actual energy storage data matches the required energy storage data of the single-phase energy storage system, then for each recombined cell, the recombined cell is connected in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit. All control units are connected in series to form the single-phase energy storage system.

19. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery cell is determined in the following way: Based on the demand storage data and the initial state information of the candidate single cells, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are calculated respectively. Based on the second-dimensional control weight corresponding to the battery energy dimension factor and the third-dimensional control weight corresponding to the battery power dimension factor, the battery energy dimension factor and the battery power dimension factor are weighted and calculated to determine the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate single cell.

20. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multiphase energy storage system is constructed using the following method: For each battery capacity subset, the battery capacity subset is divided into multiple candidate battery groups according to the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate single cell in the battery capacity subset, and the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery group is determined. The candidate battery packs were ranked according to comprehensive control factors. Based on the ranking results, select multiple target candidate battery packs from multiple candidate battery packs; Based on the initial state information and basic information of each candidate cell in each target candidate battery pack, the second actual energy storage data of the multiphase energy storage system formed by the target candidate battery pack is calculated. Based on the second actual energy storage data, a multiphase energy storage system is formed.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Based on the second actual energy storage data, the steps for forming a multiphase energy storage system include: Determine whether the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system; If the second actual energy storage data does not meet the required energy storage data of the multiphase energy storage system, the weights of each item used to calculate the comprehensive control factor are adjusted, and the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack is recalculated. If the second actual energy storage data meets the energy storage requirements of the multiphase energy storage system, then for each phase in the multiphase energy storage system, the following processing is performed: each candidate battery cell in the target candidate battery pack is connected in parallel with a corresponding control module to form a control unit, and all control units corresponding to the target candidate battery pack are cascaded to form a corresponding single-phase energy storage system. Each single-phase energy storage system built from each target candidate battery pack is considered as a phase in a multi-phase energy storage system. The corresponding single-phase energy storage systems are then connected together via star or delta connections to form a multi-phase energy storage system.

22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The multiple candidate battery packs corresponding to each subset of battery capacity and the comprehensive control factor corresponding to each candidate battery pack are determined in the following way: Each candidate cell in the battery capacity subset is sorted according to a two-dimensional control factor. Based on the sorting results and the corresponding number of phases in the multiphase energy storage system, the multiple candidate single cells corresponding to the battery capacity subset are divided into multiple alternative battery packs. For each candidate battery pack, the mean of the two-dimensional control factor corresponding to each candidate cell in the candidate battery pack is calculated to determine the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack. For each candidate battery pack, a comprehensive control factor is calculated based on the target two-dimensional control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack, the basic information of the candidate individual cells in the candidate battery pack, and the energy storage demand data.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The comprehensive control factor for each candidate battery pack is calculated using the following method: Based on the energy storage demand data and the basic information of the target candidate cell in the alternative battery pack, calculate the cost dimension control factor and consistency dimension control factor of the target candidate cell. The target candidate cell is any candidate cell in the alternative battery pack. The cost dimension control factor corresponding to the target candidate cell is determined as the target cost dimension control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack, and the consistency dimension control factor corresponding to the target candidate cell is determined as the target consistency dimension control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack. Based on the first weight corresponding to the target two-dimensional control factor, the second weight corresponding to the cost dimension control factor, and the third weight corresponding to the consistency dimension control factor, the target two-dimensional control factor, the target cost dimension control factor, and the target consistency dimension control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack are weighted and calculated to determine the comprehensive control factor corresponding to the candidate battery pack.

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