Marx generator top-down compensation circuit and method with energy recovery function

Abstract

This invention discloses a Marx generator top-drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function, relating to the field of pulse power technology. The circuit includes a front-end energy storage unit, a compensation capacitor unit, an inductor unit, a first switching unit, a second switching unit, and a diode unit. The compensation capacitor unit is configured to be connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator. During the output pulse of the Marx generator, the circuit is in compensation mode, and the first switching unit controls the transfer of energy from the front-end energy storage unit to the compensation capacitor unit to compensate for the voltage drop of the main energy storage capacitor. After the pulse ends, the circuit is in reset mode, and the second switching unit, together with the diode unit and the inductor unit, forms a boost circuit to feed the energy from the compensation capacitor unit back to the front-end energy storage unit. This invention aims to achieve high-precision pulse top-drop compensation and effectively recover energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulse power technology, and in particular to a Marx generator top drop compensation circuit and method with energy recovery function. Background Technology

[0002] As the core energy conversion and control unit of modern high-power pulse systems, the performance of pulse generators directly determines the effectiveness of key equipment such as radar systems, particle accelerators, and high-power microwave sources. The Marx generator is one of the most widely used pulse generator architectures. Its basic principle is to generate high-voltage pulses by charging capacitors in parallel and discharging them in series.

[0003] However, during the operation of the Marx generator, as the charge stored in the main energy storage capacitor is released, the voltage across its terminals tends to decrease, causing a voltage drop at the top of the output pulse, known as a peak drop. This peak drop not only reduces the flatness of the pulse waveform but may also affect the stable operation of the downstream load. While existing peak drop compensation techniques can improve waveform quality to some extent, they often suffer from drawbacks such as complex circuit topologies and low energy utilization efficiency. Especially under long pulse width or high repetition rate operating conditions, traditional compensation circuits often consume a large amount of energy to maintain waveform flatness. Furthermore, after the pulse ends, the remaining energy in the compensation capacitor is usually dissipated or cannot be effectively utilized, which not only increases the overall power consumption of the system but also places higher demands on heat dissipation design.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve high-precision top-drop compensation of the Marx generator output pulse and effectively recover the remaining energy has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a Marx generator top drop compensation circuit and method with energy recovery function, which aims to achieve high-precision top drop compensation of the Marx generator output pulse and effectively recover residual energy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a Marx generator top-down compensation circuit with energy recovery function, characterized in that it includes: a front-end energy storage unit. Compensation capacitor unit Inductor unit First switching unit Second switching unit and diode unit ; The compensation capacitor unit It is configured to be connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; The first switching unit Connected to the front-end energy storage unit and the inductor unit Between, used to control the front-end energy storage unit To the compensation capacitor unit Energy transfer; The second switching unit Connected to the inductor unit and the front-end energy storage unit Between, the diode unit With the aforementioned front-end energy storage unit This forms a feedback loop for controlling the compensation capacitor unit. To the front-end energy storage unit Energy feedback; During the Marx generator output pulse, the circuit is in compensation mode: the first switching unit The front-end energy storage unit is controlled to turn on and off according to a predetermined modulation strategy. Energy is transmitted through the inductor unit Transferred to the compensation capacitor unit This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage across the terminals rises to compensate for the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The voltage drop; After the Marx generator output pulse ends, the circuit is in reset mode: the second switching unit Turning on and off, in conjunction with the diode unit and the inductor unit To form a boost circuit, the compensation capacitor unit The energy is fed back to the front-end energy storage unit. This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage across the terminals decreases.

[0007] Preferably, the compensation capacitor unit Including the first compensation capacitor Second compensation capacitor The first compensation capacitor and the second compensation capacitor After being connected in parallel, it is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; The front-end energy storage unit Including the first front-end energy storage capacitor ; The inductor unit Including the first buck-boost inductor .

[0008] Preferably, it is characterized by further including a current-limiting resistor. ; The current limiting resistor With the first compensation capacitor and the second compensation capacitor Series connection is used to improve the circuit damping coefficient and suppress high-frequency oscillations of the circuit parasitic inductance.

[0009] Preferably, the diode unit Including respectively with the first compensation capacitor The second compensation capacitor The first front-end energy storage capacitor The first buck-boost inductor Diodes connected in reverse parallel; In the reset mode, the first compensation capacitor The second compensation capacitor The first buck-boost inductor The second switching unit Together with the diodes connected in reverse parallel, they form a BOOST boost circuit, which transfers energy in reverse to the first front-end energy storage capacitor. .

[0010] Preferably, it further includes a control circuit, the control circuit including a sampling resistor. The system includes an operational amplifier, a first analog-to-digital converter module, a gain module, a discharge signal acquisition module, a second analog-to-digital converter module, an inverting adder, a PI controller, and a PWM generator. The sampling resistor It is connected in series with the load in the main circuit of the Marx generator.

[0011] Preferably, the control circuit is configured to execute the following control logic: The operational amplifier will use the sampling resistor The acquired load current is amplified; The first analog-to-digital converter digitizes the amplified load current to form current data; The discharge signal acquisition module acquires data from the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The discharge signal; The gain module converts the current data at the arrival of the discharge signal into a reference voltage. ; The second analog-to-digital conversion module acquires the compensation capacitor unit. Real-time output voltage; The inverting adder calculates the reference voltage. The difference between the voltage and the real-time output voltage is used as a compensation signal; The PI controller outputs a duty cycle signal based on the compensation signal, and the PWM generator outputs a control signal according to the duty cycle signal to control the first switching unit. The conduction and shutdown.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a main charging power supply and a secondary charging power supply; The main charging power supply is used to power the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The auxiliary charging power supply is used to charge the front-end energy storage unit. Charge; Both the main charging power supply and the auxiliary charging power supply include a rectifier, a circuit breaker, a soft-start smoothing filter circuit, a conversion module, and a voltage divider circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the conversion module includes an inverter, a high-voltage transformer, and a rectifier board; The conversion module is configured as a half-bridge quasi-resonant converter.

[0014] Preferably, the conversion module further includes a first resonant capacitor and a second resonant capacitor; The first resonant capacitor and the second resonant capacitor are configured such that when the corresponding switch is closed, the first resonant capacitor or the second resonant capacitor discharges through the primary coil of the high-voltage transformer, while the secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer continues to charge.

[0015] Preferably, the Marx generator includes multiple cascaded Marx sub-circuits; Each stage of the Marx sub-circuit includes a charging diode and a main energy storage capacitor. Charging switch transistor and discharging switch transistor; In charging mode, the main energy storage capacitor of the circuit Charging is performed in parallel using the charging diode and the charging switch.

[0016] This application also discloses a Marx generator top drop compensation and energy recovery method based on the circuit described in any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Configure the compensation capacitor unit Connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; During the output pulse of the Marx generator, a compensation mode is entered: the load-side signal is acquired, and the first switching unit is controlled. The front-end energy storage unit operates according to a predetermined modulation strategy. Energy is transmitted through the inductor unit Transferred to the compensation capacitor unit This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage rises approximately linearly to compensate for the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. Voltage drop during discharge; After the Marx generator output pulse ends, it enters reset mode: controlling the second switching unit. Works in conjunction with the diode unit This forms a boost circuit, which converts the compensation capacitor unit into a voltage boost circuit. The remaining energy is fed back to the front-end energy storage unit. and the compensation capacitor unit The voltage is reset to zero.

[0017] The above technical solution has the following advantages: This invention provides a Marx generator top-drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function. By constructing a specific topology including a front-end energy storage unit, a compensation capacitor unit, an inductor unit, a first switching unit, and a second switching unit, it achieves bidirectional and efficient energy flow in the storage and compensation stages. During the Marx generator output pulse, the first switching unit is modulated and turned on according to a predetermined strategy, precisely controlling the energy of the front-end energy storage unit to be transferred through the inductor unit to the compensation capacitor unit connected in series in the discharge circuit. This causes a linearly rising voltage across the compensation capacitor unit to offset the voltage drop of the main energy storage capacitor, thereby ensuring that the load end obtains a pulse waveform with extremely high flatness. In the reset stage after the pulse ends, the second switching unit, together with the diode unit and the inductor unit, forms a boost feedback circuit, "pumping" the remaining energy stored in the compensation capacitor unit back to the front-end energy storage unit. This not only achieves rapid reset of the compensation capacitor voltage to facilitate the generation of the next pulse, but more importantly, it achieves energy recycling, significantly reducing system reactive power loss and heat accumulation, and greatly improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the pulse power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 This is a simplified topology diagram of a Marx generator top-drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 2 This is a detailed circuit connection diagram of the compensation capacitor unit and diode unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure including a main charging power supply and a secondary charging power supply, provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] Example 1 This invention provides a Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function, such as... Figs. 1-2 As shown, the circuit mainly consists of a front-end energy storage unit. Compensation capacitor unit Inductor unit First switching unit Second switching unit and diode unit The components together form a topology that allows for bidirectional energy flow, compensating for the voltage drop of the Marx generator during the pulse output phase and recovering the remaining energy in the compensation capacitor after the pulse ends, thus achieving high-efficiency energy utilization.

[0023] In terms of specific circuit connections, the compensation capacitor unit It is configured to be connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator. This means that the compensation capacitor unit The resulting compensation voltage will be directly superimposed on the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The discharge voltage. The first switching unit Connected to the front-end energy storage unit and the inductor unit Its function is to control the energy flow from the front-end energy storage unit. To the compensation capacitor unit Unidirectional transmission. The second switching unit. Connected to the inductor unit and the front-end energy storage unit Between, in conjunction with the diode unit With the aforementioned front-end energy storage unit The feedback loop is used to control the energy flow from the compensation capacitor unit. to front-end energy storage unit The reverse feedback.

[0024] To further refine the circuit structure, in this embodiment, the compensation capacitor unit... Specifically, this includes the first compensation capacitor. Second compensation capacitor These two capacitors are connected in parallel and then connected in series as a whole in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator. This parallel design effectively reduces the equivalent series resistance, improves high-current discharge capability, and disperses thermal stress. The front-end energy storage unit... Including the first front-end energy storage capacitor It serves as a source of compensating energy and a storage pool for recovered energy. The inductor unit... Including the first buck-boost inductor In compensation mode, this inductor functions as a filter and energy storage element, while in reset mode, it is a key energy storage component in the boost circuit. To suppress high-frequency parasitic oscillations in the circuit and improve system stability, a current-limiting resistor is also included in the circuit. The current-limiting resistor With the first compensation capacitor and the second compensation capacitor In series connection, the resistance value is mainly selected to increase the circuit damping coefficient in order to effectively dissipate oscillation energy and eliminate voltage overshoot.

[0025] As a specific implementation parameter example, according to the design scheme of this application, the main energy storage capacitor The capacitance value can be specifically set as follows: The compensation capacitor unit The capacitance value can be specifically set as follows: The front-end energy storage unit The capacitance value can be specifically set as follows: The inductor unit The inductance value can be specifically set as follows: The current-limiting resistor The resistance value can be specifically set as follows: The selection of these specific values ​​aims to optimize circuit performance and ensure the best compensation effect under specific operating frequencies and load conditions.

[0026] The diode unit This embodiment includes a set of diodes connected in reverse parallel, specifically configured to be connected to the first compensation capacitor respectively. The second compensation capacitor The first front-end energy storage capacitor The first buck-boost inductor These diodes are connected in reverse parallel. They function as freewheeling, clamping, or current paths in different operating modes of the circuit. Particularly in reset mode, these diodes, together with the switching devices, form a path for energy feedback.

[0027] The working principle of this circuit can be divided into three main stages: charging stage, compensation stage, and reset stage.

[0028] The first stage is the charging phase. During this phase, the Marx generator's main energy storage capacitor... The device is charged via an external main charging power source until it reaches a preset high voltage value. Simultaneously, the auxiliary charging power source supplies power to the front-end energy storage unit. The unit is charged to store enough charge to power the compensation process. At this time, the first switching unit... Second switch unit Both are in the off state.

[0029] The second phase is the compensation phase, which occurs during the Marx generator's output pulse. When the Marx generator is triggered to begin discharging, its main energy storage capacitor... The voltage on the circuit will naturally decrease as charge is lost, causing a drop at the top of the output pulse. At this time, the circuit enters compensation mode. The control system controls the first switching unit. High-frequency turn-on and turn-off are performed according to a predetermined modulation strategy, such as pulse width modulation (PWM). When When turned on, the front-end energy storage unit The energy is transmitted through the first buck-boost inductor Injected into the compensation capacitor unit In the middle. Through precise adjustment The duty cycle can control the magnitude of the injected current, thus enabling the compensation capacitor unit to... The voltage across the terminals exhibits an approximately linear upward trend. This is due to the compensation capacitor unit. Connected in series in the discharge circuit, its rising voltage precisely cancels out the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The voltage drop is reduced, thus ensuring a flat and stable square wave pulse voltage at the load end. During this process, the circuit topology actually operates in Buck mode, converting the higher input voltage into a controllable compensation voltage.

[0030] Finally, there is the reset phase, which occurs after the Marx generator output pulse ends. This is to ensure the compensation capacitor unit is ready when the next pulse is generated. The voltage can start from zero, so the charge accumulated during the compensation phase must be released or recovered. At this time, the circuit enters reset mode. The control system controls the second switching unit. The first compensation capacitor is switched on and off. The second compensation capacitor The first buck-boost inductor The second switching unit Together with the aforementioned reverse parallel diode, they form a Boost converter circuit. The voltage is stored in the compensation capacitor unit. The remaining energy is "pumped" back to the front-end energy storage unit. This process not only resets the voltage of the compensation capacitor, reducing it to zero to prepare for the next operation, but also recovers this energy, reducing the overall power consumption of the system and significantly improving the efficiency of the power supply.

[0031] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a sophisticated control circuit for implementing closed-loop control of the aforementioned compensation process. The control circuit mainly includes a sampling resistor. The system includes an operational amplifier, a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a gain module, a discharge signal acquisition module, a second ADC, an inverting adder, a PI controller, and a PWM generator. The sampling resistor... It is connected in series with the load in the main circuit of the Marx generator for real-time monitoring of the load current.

[0032] The control logic executed by this control circuit is as follows: When the Marx generator begins to discharge, the discharge signal acquisition module captures the discharge signal, and the system initiates compensation control. The operational amplifier then applies the sampling resistor. The acquired weak load current signal is amplified and then digitized by the first analog-to-digital converter to form real-time current data. The gain module, based on the initial current data at the arrival of the discharge signal and a preset compensation algorithm, converts it into a time-varying reference voltage signal. This reference voltage signal represents the voltage value that the compensation capacitor should ideally provide. Simultaneously, the second analog-to-digital converter module acquires data from the compensation capacitor unit in real time. The current actual output voltage. The inverting adder calculates the reference voltage. The difference between the current voltage and the real-time output voltage is the error signal. The PI controller performs proportional-integral calculations based on this error signal and outputs a corresponding adjustment amount, i.e., the duty cycle signal. The PWM generator generates control pulses based on this duty cycle signal to drive the first switching unit. The switching on and off of the capacitor is controlled in real time. This real-time negative feedback control ensures that the voltage on the compensation capacitor closely follows the voltage drop of the main energy storage capacitor, achieving high-precision voltage drop compensation.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further details the power supply system that provides energy to the entire Marx generator and its top-drop compensation circuit. For example... Fig. 3 As shown, the system includes not only the aforementioned Marx generator main circuit and top-drop compensation circuit, but also a main charging power supply and a secondary charging power supply. The main charging power supply is specifically used to power the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The system is charged to ensure it has the energy required to generate a high-voltage pulse; the auxiliary charging power supply is used to power the front-end energy storage unit of the top-drop compensation circuit. It performs charging to maintain the stable operation of the compensation and energy recovery processes.

[0034] To meet the stringent stability and reliability requirements of the high-voltage pulse system, both the main and auxiliary charging power supplies employ a modular and highly integrated circuit architecture. Specifically, both the main and auxiliary charging power supplies include a rectifier, a circuit breaker, a soft-start smoothing filter circuit, a conversion module, and a voltage divider circuit. The rectifier typically uses a three-phase input rectifier bridge to convert the industrial frequency AC power to DC power. The circuit breaker is used to quickly disconnect the circuit in case of overcurrent or short-circuit faults, protecting downstream valuable components. The soft-start smoothing filter circuit limits the inrush current at power-on and filters out the ripple after rectification, providing a relatively smooth DC bus voltage.

[0035] The conversion module is the core energy conversion unit of the charging power supply. In this embodiment, the conversion module is configured as a half-bridge quasi-resonant converter topology, which mainly consists of an inverter, a high-voltage transformer, and a rectifier board. The inverter is responsible for converting the DC bus voltage into a high-frequency AC voltage to drive the high-voltage transformer. The high-voltage transformer uses a high-frequency magnetic core, such as V100 / 57 / 25 magnetic core, to achieve efficient voltage boost and electrical isolation. The rectifier board then rectifies the high-frequency high-voltage AC power output from the transformer's secondary winding back into a high-voltage DC power supply to the load capacitor.

[0036] To optimize the power supply's inverter efficiency and reduce device stress, the conversion module features a specially designed resonant network, including a first resonant capacitor and a second resonant capacitor. These two resonant capacitors are configured with a specific charging and discharging logic: when the corresponding switch is turned off, either the first or second resonant capacitor discharges through the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer, while the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer continues to charge to the isolation voltage. This operating mode utilizes the transformer's leakage inductance as the resonant inductor, making the primary current waveform nearly sinusoidal, thus achieving soft-switching operation. Specifically, when the resonance process ends but the current has not yet dropped to zero, the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to each resonant capacitor acts as a clamp to prevent voltage reversal and transfers the energy stored in the transformer's leakage inductance to the output. This design minimizes switching losses, enabling the power supply to achieve maximum power output efficiency. Furthermore, at the power supply design level, setting the primary circuit as two inverter circuits operating in parallel effectively shares the current stress, thereby reducing the voltage withstand and current carrying capacity requirements for the power switching devices in the inverter circuit.

[0037] Example 3 This embodiment focuses on illustrating the main structure of the Marx generator and the control method based on this structure and working in conjunction with the top drop compensation circuit.

[0038] The Marx generator is not a single component, but rather comprises multiple cascaded Marx sub-circuits, specifically up to 24 cascaded Marx sub-circuits. The standard configuration of each Marx sub-circuit includes a charging diode and a main energy storage capacitor. The circuit includes charging and discharging switches. These sub-circuits are connected in a specific cascade manner to achieve the classic Marx operating mode of "parallel charging and series discharging." Specifically, in charging mode, the main energy storage capacitor... The charging diode and the charging switch form a parallel circuit with the main charging power supply, thereby charging to a preset stage voltage. In discharge mode, the charging circuit is disconnected, the discharge switch is turned on, and the main energy storage capacitors at each stage are charged. When connected in series, the voltages are superimposed and applied to the load.

[0039] In terms of the overall system control architecture, the system uses an industrial computer as the main control core, forming a 30-channel Ethernet communication network. All peripheral signal interfaces, Marx unit interfaces, protection and power interfaces of the control system's workflow utilize ST fiber optic media to form communication links, achieving electrical isolation and ensuring equipment and personnel safety.

[0040] Based on the above hardware structure, this invention proposes a method for Marx generator top-down compensation and energy recovery. The method mainly includes the following steps: The first step is the configuration phase. This involves configuring the compensation capacitor unit. It is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator, making it part of the main discharge path. Simultaneously, a front-end energy storage unit is configured. The initial voltage state.

[0041] The second step is operation in compensation mode. During the output pulse of the Marx generator, the system enters compensation mode. At this time, the control circuit acquires the current or voltage signal at the load end in real time. Based on the acquired signal, the control circuit generates a PWM control signal to drive the first switching unit. First switching unit The front-end energy storage unit operates according to a predetermined modulation strategy. The energy in the inductor unit Transferred to the compensation capacitor unit By precisely controlling the rate of energy transfer, the compensation capacitor unit... The voltage across the terminals exhibits an approximately linearly increasing waveform. This is due to the main energy storage capacitor. During the discharge process, the voltage decreases approximately linearly, and the compensation capacitor unit... The rising voltage just fills the gap, thus synthesizing a pulse waveform with a very high flatness at the load end.

[0042] The third step is reset and energy recovery mode operation. Immediately after the Marx generator output pulse ends, the system enters reset mode. At this time, the first switching unit... Turn off, the control circuit drives the second switching unit Start working. Second switching unit. Coordinated diode unit and inductor unit This forms a Boost converter circuit. The circuit connects the compensation capacitor unit... The surplus energy accumulated during the compensation phase is fed back to the front-end energy storage unit. With energy feedback, the compensation capacitor unit The voltage across the terminals gradually decreases, eventually resetting to an initial state of zero volts or near zero volts. This step not only eliminates the residual voltage on the compensation capacitor, preventing it from affecting the starting voltage of the next pulse, but also achieves energy recycling, significantly reducing system heat loss and input power requirements.

[0043] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function, characterized in that, include: Front-end energy storage unit Compensation capacitor unit Inductor unit First switching unit Second switching unit and diode unit ; The compensation capacitor unit It is configured to be connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; The first switching unit Connected to the front-end energy storage unit and the inductor unit Between, used to control the front-end energy storage unit To the compensation capacitor unit Energy transfer; The second switching unit Connected to the inductor unit and the front-end energy storage unit Between, the diode unit With the aforementioned front-end energy storage unit This forms a feedback loop for controlling the compensation capacitor unit. To the front-end energy storage unit Energy feedback; During the Marx generator output pulse, the circuit is in compensation mode: the first switching unit The front-end energy storage unit is controlled to turn on and off according to a predetermined modulation strategy. Energy is transmitted through the inductor unit Transferred to the compensation capacitor unit This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage across the terminals rises to compensate for the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The voltage drop; After the Marx generator output pulse ends, the circuit is in reset mode: the second switching unit Turning on and off, in conjunction with the diode unit and the inductor unit To form a boost circuit, the compensation capacitor unit The energy is fed back to the front-end energy storage unit. This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage across the terminals decreases.

2. The Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation capacitor unit Including the first compensation capacitor Second compensation capacitor The first compensation capacitor and the second compensation capacitor After being connected in parallel, it is connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; The front-end energy storage unit Including the first front-end energy storage capacitor ; The inductor unit Including the first buck-boost inductor .

3. The Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes current-limiting resistors ; The current limiting resistor With the first compensation capacitor and the second compensation capacitor Series connection is used to improve the circuit damping coefficient and suppress high-frequency oscillations of the circuit parasitic inductance.

4. The Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diode unit Including respectively with the first compensation capacitor The second compensation capacitor The first front-end energy storage capacitor The first buck-boost inductor Diodes connected in reverse parallel; In the reset mode, the first compensation capacitor The second compensation capacitor The first buck-boost inductor The second switching unit Together with the diodes connected in reverse parallel, they form a BOOST boost circuit, which transfers energy in reverse to the first front-end energy storage capacitor. .

5. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control circuit, which includes a sampling resistor. The system includes an operational amplifier, a first analog-to-digital converter module, a gain module, a discharge signal acquisition module, a second analog-to-digital converter module, an inverting adder, a PI controller, and a PWM generator. The sampling resistor It is connected in series with the load in the main circuit of the Marx generator.

6. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control circuit is configured to execute the following control logic: The operational amplifier will use the sampling resistor The acquired load current is amplified; The first analog-to-digital converter digitizes the amplified load current to form current data; The discharge signal acquisition module acquires data from the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The discharge signal; The gain module converts the current data at the arrival of the discharge signal into a reference voltage. ; The second analog-to-digital conversion module acquires the compensation capacitor unit. Real-time output voltage; The inverting adder calculates the reference voltage. The difference between the voltage and the real-time output voltage is used as a compensation signal; The PI controller outputs a duty cycle signal based on the compensation signal, and the PWM generator outputs a control signal according to the duty cycle signal to control the first switching unit. The conduction and shutdown.

7. The Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a main charging power supply and a secondary charging power supply; The main charging power supply is used to power the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. The auxiliary charging power supply is used to charge the front-end energy storage unit. Charge; Both the main charging power supply and the auxiliary charging power supply include a rectifier, a circuit breaker, a soft-start smoothing filter circuit, a conversion module, and a voltage divider circuit.

8. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conversion module includes an inverter, a high-voltage transformer, and a rectifier board; The conversion module is configured as a half-bridge quasi-resonant converter.

9. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The conversion module also includes a first resonant capacitor and a second resonant capacitor. The first resonant capacitor and the second resonant capacitor are configured such that when the corresponding switch is closed, the first resonant capacitor or the second resonant capacitor discharges through the primary coil of the high-voltage transformer, while the secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer continues to charge.

10. A Marx generator top drop compensation circuit with energy recovery function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Marx generator includes multiple cascaded Marx sub-circuits; Each stage of the Marx sub-circuit includes a charging diode and a main energy storage capacitor. Charging switch transistor and discharging switch transistor; In charging mode, the main energy storage capacitor of the circuit Charging is performed in parallel using the charging diode and the charging switch.

11. A method for Marx generator top drop compensation and energy recovery based on the circuit described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Configure the compensation capacitor unit Connected in series in the discharge circuit of the Marx generator; During the output pulse of the Marx generator, a compensation mode is entered: the load-side signal is acquired, and the first switching unit is controlled. The front-end energy storage unit operates according to a predetermined modulation strategy. Energy is transmitted through the inductor unit Transferred to the compensation capacitor unit This makes the compensation capacitor unit The voltage rises approximately linearly to compensate for the main energy storage capacitor of the Marx generator. Voltage drop during discharge; After the Marx generator output pulse ends, it enters reset mode: controlling the second switching unit. Works in conjunction with the diode unit This forms a boost circuit, which converts the compensation capacitor unit into a voltage boost circuit. The remaining energy is fed back to the front-end energy storage unit. and the compensation capacitor unit The voltage is reset to zero.

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