A butterfly wing-sphagnum moss bionic grinding wheel and internal thread grinding system

Abstract

The application provides a butterfly wing-sphagnum bionic grinding wheel and internal thread grinding system, and relates to the field of grinding systems. The application aims at the problem that the current bionic grinding wheel is difficult to adapt to the harsh environment during internal thread grinding, the grinding wheel matrix is difficult to discharge chips and is easy to be blocked, and the grinding fluid is difficult to stay, causing insufficient lubrication. The application is characterized in that the V-shaped working surface component is used to simulate the super-hydrophobic layer of butterfly wings, the micro-protrusion part and the secondary micro-nano texture structure are used to reduce the surface energy and adhesion of the matrix surface, so that the oil sludge generated during grinding is difficult to adhere, and the self-cleaning is realized by means of the slope of the V-shaped working surface and the rotating centrifugal effect, effectively relieving the blocking phenomenon in the narrow space. The bionic sphagnum hydrophilic abrasive particle cluster arranged in the concave groove is used to form a small liquid storage unit by using the porous hydrophilic structure, so that the stored grinding fluid can be released during the grinding of the workpiece, effectively improving the heat dissipation and chip removal environment of the internal thread grinding area, reducing the risk of workpiece surface burn, and improving the processing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding systems, specifically to a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel and an internal thread grinding system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision grinding, structured grinding wheels based on differences in the wettability of biological surfaces can effectively improve cooling efficiency. Existing research mainly focuses on optimizing the transport of grinding fluid using a combination strategy of "hydrophobic matrix driving - hydrophilic abrasive adsorption". For example, existing technologies have disclosed grinding wheel designs based on desert beetle-rice leaf biomimicry, which utilize the parallel grooves of rice leaves to achieve directional transport of liquid and capture and condensation by the beetle structure; and grinding wheel designs based on Australian spiny lizard-honeycomb biomimicry, which utilize semi-open capillary channels to overcome centrifugal force and achieve self-priming transport of coolant. These solutions have indeed effectively alleviated the grinding burn problem in open-space cylindrical or surface grinding by improving the macroscopic flow path of the grinding fluid.

[0003] However, the aforementioned biomimetic structures face insurmountable drawbacks when applied to the specific working condition of internal thread grinding. Internal thread grinding is characterized by a narrow and enclosed machining space, difficult chip removal, and a deep V-shaped contact area. Internal thread grinding generates a large amount of fine metal slurry, which easily clogs the capillary grooves of the Australian spiny lizard, causing the self-priming function to fail. Furthermore, the combination of the desert beetle and rice leaf emphasizes the "flow" of liquid rather than its "retention." Under the intense pressure of the V-shaped tip of the internal thread, the grinding fluid is easily lost, making it impossible to maintain a stable lubricating film at the moment of abrasive grain contact. Therefore, for the semi-enclosed V-shaped working condition of internal thread grinding, the existing biomimetic grinding wheel structure is difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of preventing blockage of the substrate in the narrow space and ensuring lubrication of the abrasive grains. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel and internal thread grinding system, which can effectively improve the heat dissipation and chip removal environment in the internal thread grinding area, reduce the risk of workpiece surface burn, and improve processing quality.

[0005] The first objective of this invention is to provide a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel, which adopts the following solution: include: The substrate has a V-shaped working surface on its outer periphery for internal thread grinding. The V-shaped working surface is composed of two symmetrical inclined planes. A biomimetic superhydrophobic layer is provided on the V-shaped working surface. Hydrophilic abrasive clusters are fixedly set on the V-shaped working surface; Among them, the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer includes micro-protrusions that mimic the surface of butterfly wings, with grooves formed between adjacent micro-protrusions, and secondary micro-nano texture structures that mimic the ribs on the surface of butterfly wings distributed on the surface of the micro-protrusions. The hydrophilic abrasive clusters have a porous hydrophilic structure that mimics peat moss and can contain liquids, and are arranged in an orderly manner in the grooves of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the micro-protrusions have a tile-like or scale-like structure, and multiple micro-protrusions are distributed in a ring around the axis of the base, with a spacing between adjacent micro-protrusions to form recessed grooves between adjacent micro-protrusions.

[0007] Furthermore, the secondary micro-nano texture structure consists of stepped grooves of varying depths, distributed on the surfaces of the micro-protrusions and the recessed grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydrophilic abrasive cluster is composed of diamond abrasive grains that have undergone high-temperature oxidation treatment, and the diamond abrasive grains acquire hydrophilic properties after high-temperature oxidation treatment.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydrophilic abrasive clusters are distributed in a biomimetic staggered arrangement, forming non-uniform gaps by simulating the non-periodic density distribution of the microstructure on the surface of peat moss leaves.

[0010] Furthermore, the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer is formed by laser etching to create microstructures on the substrate surface, combined with chemical etching modification. The chemical etching includes modifying the recessed trenches using sodium hydroxide solution and lauric acid solution.

[0011] Furthermore, the working height of the hydrophilic abrasive cluster on the V-shaped working surface is greater than the height of the micro-protrusion portion on the V-shaped working surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the included angle between the two symmetrical inclined planes of the V-shaped working surface ranges from 30° to 60°.

[0013] A second objective of the present invention is to provide an internal thread grinding system that utilizes a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel, as described in the first objective.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: The spindle box, fixed on the grinding machine base, is equipped with a workpiece spindle for clamping the workpiece; The feed assembly includes a slide rail, a slider, and a feed box. The feed box is connected to the slider that mates with the slide rail. The feed box is equipped with a grinding wheel spindle for driving a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel. The motor, connected to the feed box, is used to drive the feed box to move along the slide rail to achieve the longitudinal feed of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel; Grinding fluid nozzles are used to supply grinding fluid to the grinding area.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are: To address the challenges of current biomimetic grinding wheels being ill-suited to the harsh environment of internal thread grinding, including difficulties in wheel substrate drainage leading to clogging and insufficient lubrication due to insufficient grinding fluid retention, a novel approach is adopted. This approach utilizes a superhydrophobic layer inspired by the wings of a butterfly on a V-shaped working surface. Micro-protrusions and secondary micro / nano-textured structures significantly reduce the surface energy and adhesion of the substrate, making it difficult for grinding sludge to adhere. Furthermore, the inclined surface of the V-shaped working surface and the centrifugal rotation achieve self-cleaning, effectively alleviating clogging in confined spaces. Simultaneously, the orderly arrangement of biomimetic peat moss hydrophilic abrasive grains within the recessed grooves creates micro-liquid storage units. These units release stored grinding fluid during workpiece grinding, maintaining a relatively stable lubricating water film in the grinding contact area. The synergistic effect of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer's self-cleaning function and the hydrophilic liquid storage function of the hydrophilic abrasive grains effectively improves heat dissipation and chip removal in the internal thread grinding area, reduces the risk of workpiece surface burns, and enhances machining quality.

[0016] By designing the micro-protrusions as tile-like or scale-like structures distributed in a ring, and by distributing stepped grooves of different depths on the surface of the micro-protrusions and the recessed grooves, the micro-nano multi-level structure principle of biomimetic butterfly wings is utilized. On the one hand, the tile-like or scale-like ring arrangement conforms to the flow direction when the grinding wheel rotates, using centrifugal force to guide the removal of grinding debris. On the other hand, the stepped grooves create a rough composite interface, reducing the actual contact area between droplets and grinding debris and the substrate. This effectively enhances the hydrophobic self-cleaning ability of the substrate surface, making it easier for fine grinding debris falling onto the substrate surface to roll off and be discharged. At the same time, it guides the coolant to more accurately converge at the recessed grooves where the hydrophilic abrasive grains are located, improving the utilization efficiency of the grinding fluid.

[0017] The working height of the hydrophilic abrasive cluster on the V-shaped working surface is greater than the height of the micro-protrusion on the V-shaped working surface. When the abrasive grains contact the workpiece for grinding, the superhydrophobic surface is always below the cutting working position. The height difference between the two protects the fragile bionic microstructure from wear and collision damage, helps maintain the long-term self-cleaning function of the grinding wheel, and also provides space for the flow and temporary storage of grinding fluid in the contact area.

[0018] Within the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer gaps on the V-shaped working surface of the substrate, hydrophilic abrasive clusters with a biomimetic peat moss structure are set. Grinding fluid preferentially contacts the hydrophilic abrasive clusters. The hydrophilic structure enhances the permeability of the grinding fluid. Grinding fluid falling on the biomimetic superhydrophobic surface can flow along the grooves between its concave and convex structures to the hydrophilic abrasive clusters, accelerating the condensation of the grinding fluid on the hydrophilic abrasive clusters, effectively reducing grinding temperature, reducing thermal damage and deformation of the workpiece, and improving machining accuracy. The hydrophilic structure also allows the grinding fluid to adhere to the surface around the abrasive grains to a greater extent, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the abrasive grains, which can extend the service life of the grinding wheel and reduce processing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel installed in a grinding system in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a butterfly wing-sphagnum moss biomimetic grinding wheel in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the end face of a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic superhydrophobic layer in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a secondary micro / nano texture structure in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of hydrophilic abrasive clusters in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the height difference between the hydrophilic abrasive cluster and the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-section of a butterfly wing-sphagnum moss biomimetic grinding wheel in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of hydrophilic abrasive clusters in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Among them, 1. slide rail; 2. grinding machine base; 3. grinding wheel spindle; 4. spindle box; 5. workpiece spindle; 6. workpiece; 7. butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel; 8. grinding fluid nozzle; 9. feed box; 10. motor; 11. hydrophilic abrasive cluster; 12. biomimetic superhydrophobic layer; 13. V-shaped working surface. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-11 A butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel is proposed.

[0033] Traditional biomimetic grinding wheels (7) face challenges in internal thread grinding due to their narrow, enclosed machining space, difficult chip removal, and deep V-shaped contact area. This leads to easy clogging of capillary grooves by grinding debris and slurry, resulting in the failure of their self-priming function. Simultaneously, grinding fluid is prone to loss, making it difficult to maintain a stable lubricating film at the moment of abrasive grain contact. Therefore, it is difficult to simultaneously meet the combined requirements of preventing clogging of the substrate within the confined space and ensuring lubrication of the abrasive grains. Based on this, this embodiment provides a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel (7). Through the synergistic effect of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer's self-cleaning function and the hydrophilic fluid retention function of the hydrophilic abrasive grains, it effectively improves the heat dissipation and chip removal environment in the internal thread grinding area. This results in advantages such as effectively reducing grinding temperature, reducing workpiece thermal damage and deformation, improving machining accuracy, extending wheel life, and reducing machining costs.

[0034] like Figures 1-11 As shown, the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 includes: The substrate has a V-shaped working surface 13 on its outer periphery for internal thread grinding. The V-shaped working surface 13 is composed of two symmetrical inclined planes. A biomimetic superhydrophobic layer is provided on the V-shaped working surface 13. Hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 are fixedly disposed on the V-shaped working surface 13; Among them, the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer includes micro-protrusions that mimic the surface of butterfly wings, with grooves formed between adjacent micro-protrusions, and secondary micro-nano texture structures that mimic the ribs on the surface of butterfly wings distributed on the surface of the micro-protrusions. The hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 has a porous hydrophilic structure that mimics peat moss and is able to contain liquids, and is arranged in an orderly manner in the grooves of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer periphery of the substrate is configured into a V-shaped working surface 13 suitable for internal thread grinding, and consists of two symmetrical bevels. The substrate can be made of various materials, such as steel, cemented carbide, or ceramic, to provide sufficient strength and rigidity. The angle and depth of the V-shaped working surface 13 can be adjusted according to the geometry of the internal thread to be machined to ensure effective grinding contact. For example, the V-shaped working surface 13 can be designed as a cone with a fixed included angle, or its included angle can be customized according to the specific application.

[0036] Biomimetic superhydrophobic layers can be formed in various ways. For example, a layer of hydrophobic polymer material can be coated on the substrate surface, or a micro-rough structure can be formed on the substrate surface through machining, etching, etc., followed by modification with low surface energy materials. Biomimetic superhydrophobic layers can reduce the adhesion of the substrate surface, making it difficult for grinding fluid and grinding debris to adhere. The hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 can be made from conventional abrasive grains through surface modification treatments, such as plasma treatment, chemical grafting, or surface oxidation. The abrasive clusters can be fixed using grinding wheel manufacturing processes such as sintering, electroplating, or resin bonding.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the micro-protrusions can be designed in columnar, conical, strip-shaped, scale-like, tile-like, or irregular shapes, and distributed in a regular or random manner on the surface of the superhydrophobic layer. For example... Figure 5 As shown, secondary micro-nano texture structures can be formed on the surface of micro-protrusions through microfabrication techniques, such as photolithography, electron beam etching, or nanoimprinting, to enhance the surface's hydrophobic properties.

[0038] The porous hydrophilic structure of the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 can be obtained by selecting materials with a naturally porous structure as abrasive grains, or by treating the surface of the abrasive grains. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the arrangement of abrasive clusters in the recessed grooves can be a regular array arrangement or a non-periodic distribution to adapt to different grinding fluid transport requirements.

[0039] When the grinding fluid is supplied, it preferentially contacts the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11. The hydrophilic structure enhances the permeability of the grinding fluid, allowing it to be rapidly absorbed by the abrasive clusters. The grinding fluid, falling onto the biomimetic superhydrophobic surface, flows along the grooves between its uneven structures due to the low adhesion of the superhydrophobic layer, and converges towards the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11. This directional flow accelerates the condensation and absorption of the grinding fluid on the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11, effectively reducing grinding temperature, minimizing thermal damage and deformation of the workpiece 6, and improving machining accuracy. The hydrophilic structure also allows the grinding fluid to adhere more extensively to the surface around the abrasive grains, forming a lubricating film on the grain surface. This helps extend the service life of the grinding wheel and reduce machining costs.

[0040] By constructing a biomimetic butterfly wing superhydrophobic layer on the V-shaped working surface 13, the surface energy and adhesion of the substrate surface are significantly reduced by utilizing the micro-protrusions and secondary micro-nano texture structure. This also makes it difficult for the sludge generated during grinding to adhere to the substrate surface. Furthermore, self-cleaning is achieved by utilizing the inclined surface of the V-shaped working surface 13 and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the grinding wheel, thereby effectively alleviating the clogging phenomenon in narrow spaces.

[0041] Simultaneously, the biomimetic peat moss hydrophilic abrasive grains 11, arranged in an orderly manner within the recessed grooves, utilize their porous hydrophilic structure to form micro-liquid storage units. These units can release the stored grinding fluid during abrasive grinding of the workpiece 6, thereby maintaining a relatively stable lubricating water film in the grinding contact area. Through the synergistic effect of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer's self-cleaning function and the hydrophilic liquid storage function of the hydrophilic abrasive grains, the heat dissipation and chip removal environment in the internal thread grinding area can be effectively improved, reducing the risk of surface burns on the workpiece 6 and enhancing machining quality.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the micro-protrusions have a tile-like or scale-like structure. Multiple micro-protrusions are distributed in a ring around the axis of the matrix, and the adjacent micro-protrusions are spaced apart to form recessed grooves between them.

[0043] Specifically, the tile-like or scale-like structure mimics the surface morphology of a butterfly's wings, which possesses excellent hydrophobic and flow-guiding properties. The micro-protrusions are arranged around the central axis of the grinding wheel in a concentric circle or spiral pattern, and their arrangement coincides with the direction of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel during grinding. By controlling the radius, spacing, and density of the annular distribution, it can be ensured that the centrifugal force can effectively act on the grinding debris and grinding fluid adhering to the surface of the micro-protrusions when the grinding wheel rotates, causing them to move radially outward.

[0044] Pre-defined, uniform gaps exist between adjacent tile-like or scale-like micro-protrusions, forming recessed grooves that also serve as effective channels for conveying grinding fluid and grinding debris. By controlling the width and depth of the spacing, it can be ensured that the recessed grooves have sufficient volume and flow guiding capacity, allowing the grinding fluid to flow smoothly to the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11, while providing a path for the discharge of grinding debris and preventing clogging.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the secondary micro-nano texture structure consists of stepped trenches of varying depths, distributed on the surfaces of the micro-protrusions and recessed trenches. This secondary micro-nano texture structure is a multi-layered, multi-level micro-groove structure formed through precise fabrication. The depth of the micro-groove structure exhibits a gradient change; for example, it can gradually deepen from the top to the bottom of the micro-protrusion, or form multiple steps within the recessed trenches. This can be achieved through various micro-nano fabrication techniques. For instance, laser etching technology can be used, employing a high-precision laser beam to perform layer-by-layer scanning etching on the substrate surface. By precisely controlling the laser energy, scanning speed, and number of etching passes, microstructures of different depths can be achieved.

[0046] In addition, photolithography and wet etching processes can be combined. First, a stepped mask pattern is defined on the substrate surface using photolithography. Then, a chemical etching solution is used to etch the areas not covered by the mask. By controlling the etching time and the concentration of the etching solution, a stepped structure with different depths can be formed.

[0047] Another approach is to use mold imprinting technology to create a precision mold with a stepped groove structure, and then replicate the microstructure on the mold onto the surface of the grinding wheel substrate through hot or cold pressing.

[0048] In this embodiment, the multi-level stepped structure corresponding to the secondary micro / nano texture structure can increase the surface roughness, forming a more complex micro-interface, thereby further reducing surface energy and enhancing superhydrophobic properties. Simultaneously, grooves of different depths can form microfluidic channels, providing more precise guidance for the movement of liquids and particles. The stepped grooves are distributed on the surfaces of the micro-protrusions and recessed grooves, ensuring that the entire biomimetic superhydrophobic layer, whether at higher micro-protrusions or lower recessed grooves, possesses enhanced hydrophobic properties and microfluidic guidance capabilities. On the surface of the micro-protrusions, the stepped grooves further reduce the contact area between droplets and the surface, enhancing the roll-off effect; on the surface of the recessed grooves, the stepped grooves help guide the grinding fluid towards the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 and promote the removal of fine abrasive debris, giving the entire superhydrophobic layer a self-cleaning function.

[0049] In this embodiment, the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 is composed of diamond abrasive grains that have undergone high-temperature oxidation treatment, and the diamond abrasive grains acquire hydrophilic properties after high-temperature oxidation treatment.

[0050] like Figure 11 As shown, the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 are distributed in a biomimetic staggered arrangement, forming non-uniform gaps by simulating the non-periodic density distribution of the microstructure on the surface of peat moss leaves. This irregular, non-uniform layout creates more complex and efficient liquid storage and transport paths, optimizing the retention, penetration, and release performance of the grinding fluid. This arrangement can be achieved in various ways. For example, within the recessed grooves of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer, the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 can be arranged randomly, rather than in a strict geometric array, through randomization or artificial design. Alternatively, the density of the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 can be designed to exhibit gradient changes based on the grinding fluid requirements or grinding force distribution, for example, higher density in areas of higher grinding force and lower density in areas where the grinding fluid flows easily. Furthermore, the arrangement pattern of the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 can be designed using fractal geometry principles, ensuring that they exhibit similar non-periodic structures at different scales, thereby enhancing their ability to capture and transport the grinding fluid.

[0051] The biomimetic superhydrophobic layer was prepared using a combination of laser etching and chemical etching. First, the two symmetrical beveled surfaces of the V-shaped working surface 13 of the substrate were microstructured to obtain drag-reducing microstructures on the substrate surface. Then, laser etching was used to etch micro-protrusions resembling the scales of a butterfly wing onto the symmetrical beveled surfaces of the grinding wheel substrate. The micro-protrusions were arranged in a ring around the axis of the grinding wheel, with a fixed distance between adjacent micro-protrusions. The micro-protrusions exhibited a tile-like or scale-like structure.

[0052] Specifically, the preparation of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer mainly involves laser etching followed by chemical etching. Laser irradiation forms micro-protrusions resembling the scales on the surface of a grinding wheel, similar to the scales on a butterfly wing. NaOH solution and lauric acid solution are then used to chemically modify the grooves, giving them superhydrophobic properties. Finally, diffraction laser scanning is used to obtain the micro-nano texture structure of the ribs on the surface of the multi-layered biomimetic butterfly wing.

[0053] Hydrophilic abrasive grains are bonded together to form hydrophilic abrasive grain clusters 11, and can be uniformly arranged, and electroplated on a superhydrophobic layer on the symmetrical inclined surface of the substrate, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0054] In other alternative embodiments, the biomimetic staggered arrangement of hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 on the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 can enhance the chip-holding and heat dissipation capacity of the non-uniform gaps of the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 by simulating the non-periodic density distribution of the hydrophilic protrusion microstructure on the surface of peat moss leaves. This maintains the continuous sharpness of the abrasive grains during continuous grinding, reduces the tendency of the workpiece 6 to burn, and enhances the comprehensive effect of the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11. A simplified schematic diagram of the abrasive cluster arrangement is shown below. Figure 11 As shown.

[0055] The hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 uses diamond abrasive grains that have undergone high-temperature oxidation treatment. This treatment imparts a hydrophilic effect to the diamond abrasive grains. Diamond possesses strong oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. By subjecting the diamond abrasive grains to a high-temperature oxidation treatment at 600°C for 20 minutes, hydrophilic properties are achieved. Simultaneously, diamond's extremely high hardness and high thermal conductivity make it highly suitable for grinding processes. The fabrication process of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 is shown in the flowchart below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0056] Grinding is essentially a process where the workpiece 6 is machined by the negative rake angle of the abrasive grains, specifically by the negative rake angle of the hydrophilic abrasive grain clusters 11 in the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7. Therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of grinding, the height of the micro-protrusions in the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer on the grinding wheel substrate must always be lower than the working height of the hydrophilic abrasive grain clusters 11, such as... Figure 8As shown, the height difference (hd) between the two not only ensures effective cutting of the abrasive grains, but also enables the superhydrophobic region to play a role in guiding the grinding fluid and assisting in chip removal during the grinding process, without interfering with the surface of the workpiece 6.

[0057] The working height of the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 refers to the distance from the effective cutting point of the outermost abrasive grain to the reference surface of the V-shaped working surface 13. This height can be achieved by precisely controlling the implantation depth of the abrasive grains, the selection of the abrasive grain size, and the thickness of the binder. For example, the abrasive grains can be fixed to the substrate by sintering, electroplating, or resin bonding, and their protrusion height can be controlled by a mold or positioning device. The height of the micro-protrusion refers to the height of the micro-protrusion on the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer protruding upward from the reference surface of the V-shaped working surface 13. It is usually formed on the substrate surface by micromachining techniques such as laser etching, chemical etching, or molding, and its geometric dimensions and height are precisely controlled. Through this height difference design, when the abrasive grains are in contact with the workpiece 6 for grinding, the superhydrophobic surface can always be below the cutting working position, thereby avoiding the direct participation of the microstructure on the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer in grinding and protecting it from wear and impact damage.

[0058] In addition, the height difference between the two provides ample space for the flow and temporary storage of grinding fluid in the grinding contact area, allowing the grinding fluid to flow more smoothly to the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 and effectively reside in its porous structure, thereby enhancing the lubrication and cooling effect of the grinding fluid, reducing the risk of thermal damage and deformation of the workpiece 6, improving machining accuracy, and extending the service life of the grinding wheel.

[0059] During the internal thread machining process, the grinding fluid preferentially contacts the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 and preferentially condenses at the abrasive grains. At the same time, the grinding fluid falling onto the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer flows along the surface grooves to the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11, accelerating the condensation of the grinding fluid on the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11. The hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 directly contacts the workpiece 6, allowing the grinding fluid in the abrasive cluster area to directly participate in cooling and reduce the grinding temperature.

[0060] The basic wetting principle of this process is: Young model:

[0061] In the formula: The surface tension at the solid-gas interface, The surface tension at the solid-liquid interface, Let be the surface tension at the liquid-gas interface. This formula shows that when... When constant, intrinsic contact angle along with – The value increases as it decreases.

[0062] Wenzel model:

[0063] In the formula: The apparent contact angle under the Wenzel model; r is the roughness factor, which is the ratio of the actual contact area to the apparent contact area between the solid and liquid phases.

[0064] Cassie-Baxter model:

[0065] In the formula: The apparent contact angle under the Cassie-Baxter wetting model; , These represent the proportions of the solid-liquid two-phase interface and the liquid-gas two-phase interface on the composite contact surface, respectively.

[0066] When the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 is grinding, the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 directly contact the workpiece 6, allowing the grinding fluid in the area of ​​the hydrophilic abrasive clusters 11 to directly participate in cooling and reduce the grinding temperature. The excess grinding fluid falling into the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer, combined with the characteristics of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer, can achieve self-cleaning of fine grinding debris on the surface of the grinding wheel.

[0067] The hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 is designed to mimic the microstructure of peat moss, such as... Figure 9 As shown, compared to traditional abrasive clusters, the hydrophilic abrasive cluster 11 structure provided in this embodiment has better stress distribution characteristics, which can reduce stress concentration of individual abrasive grains during grinding, improve grinding wheel life and machining stability. Furthermore, unlike common cylindrical abrasive clusters that make near-90-degree right-angle contact with the workpiece 6, the abrasive cluster, similar to the microstructure of peat moss surface, has a gradually tapering conical side that contacts the workpiece 6 in a progressive contact process from point to line to surface. This reduces the initial impact of the contact, resulting in a smoother application of grinding force and improved machining accuracy.

[0068] The included angle α formed by the two symmetrical inclined planes of the V-shaped working surface 13 of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 depends on the parameters of the thread to be machined (such as thread type, tooth profile angle, etc.), and α ranges from 30° to 60°. The diameter D depends on the minimum inner diameter of the internal thread being machined and needs to be comprehensively determined in conjunction with the grinding wheel interference, tool clearance space, and grinding stability during the grinding process. The included angle α can be adjusted and produced according to different thread parameters. At the same time, the structural dimensions of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 (such as tooth height, tooth pitch, etc.) also need to be designed according to the characteristics of the thread pitch, depth, etc., to ensure grinding accuracy and tooth surface forming quality.

[0069] The included angle α between the two symmetrical inclined planes of the V-shaped working surface 13 determines the opening width and depth of the V-groove, directly affecting the contact geometry between the grinding wheel and the internally threaded workpiece 6, the transmission of grinding force, the discharge path of grinding chips, and the distribution and flow of grinding fluid in the grinding zone. Limiting this included angle to the range of 30°-60° ensures that the grinding wheel maintains good adaptability when grinding internal threads of different specifications. When the included angle is smaller (close to 30°), the V-groove is sharper, which is beneficial for grinding into the root of small-pitch or deep threads, providing a more concentrated grinding action. When the included angle is larger (close to 60°), the V-groove is wider, providing a larger contact area, helping to disperse grinding force, reduce local stress concentration, and provide a wider channel for grinding chips and grinding fluid, thereby promoting the discharge of grinding chips and the penetration of grinding fluid. Selecting an appropriate included angle within this range can optimize chip removal and lubrication conditions during the grinding process while ensuring grinding efficiency.

[0070] Example 2 In another typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-11 An internal thread grinding system is presented, which utilizes a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as in Example 1.

[0071] In this embodiment, the internal thread grinding system includes a slide rail 1, a grinding machine base 2, a grinding wheel spindle 3, a spindle box 4, a workpiece spindle 5, a workpiece 6, a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7, a grinding fluid nozzle 8, a feed box 9, and a motor 10.

[0072] The spindle box 4 is fixed on the grinding machine base 2 and is equipped with a workpiece spindle 5 for clamping the workpiece 6; The feed assembly includes a slide rail 1, a slider and a feed box 9. The feed box 9 is connected to the slider that cooperates with the slide rail 1. The feed box 9 is equipped with a grinding wheel spindle 3 for driving the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7. Motor 10 is connected to feed box 9 and is used to drive feed box 9 to move along slide rail 1 to achieve longitudinal feeding of butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7; Grinding fluid nozzle 8 is used to supply grinding fluid to the grinding area.

[0073] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the slide rail 1 is fixed to the grinding machine base 2 with screws. The spindle box 4 is welded to the grinding machine base 2. The workpiece spindle 5 on the spindle box 4 clamps and fixes the workpiece 6. At the same time, the grinding fluid nozzle 8 is fixed to the grinding machine base with bolts. The grinding wheel spindle 3 on the feed box 9 clamps and fixes the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7. The feed box 9 is fixed to the slider with bolts. The slider cooperates with the slide rail 1, and the movement of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel 7 is realized under the drive of the motor 10. The motor 10 is fixed to the outer housing of the feed box 9 with bolts, providing the power for movement.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel, characterized in that, include: The substrate has a V-shaped working surface on its outer periphery for internal thread grinding. The V-shaped working surface is composed of two symmetrical inclined planes. A biomimetic superhydrophobic layer is provided on the V-shaped working surface. Hydrophilic abrasive clusters are fixedly set on the V-shaped working surface; Among them, the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer includes micro-protrusions that mimic the surface of butterfly wings, with grooves formed between adjacent micro-protrusions, and secondary micro-nano texture structures that mimic the ribs on the surface of butterfly wings distributed on the surface of the micro-protrusions. The hydrophilic abrasive clusters have a porous hydrophilic structure that mimics peat moss and can contain liquids, and are arranged in an orderly manner in the grooves of the biomimetic superhydrophobic layer.

2. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-protrusions have a tile-like or scale-like structure. Multiple micro-protrusions are distributed in a ring around the axis of the base, and a distance is maintained between adjacent micro-protrusions to form recessed grooves between adjacent micro-protrusions.

3. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The secondary micro-nano texture structure consists of stepped grooves of varying depths, distributed on the surface of the micro-protrusions and the recessed grooves.

4. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophilic abrasive cluster is composed of diamond abrasive grains that have undergone high-temperature oxidation treatment, which gives the diamond abrasive grains their hydrophilic properties.

5. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrophilic abrasive clusters are distributed in a biomimetic staggered arrangement, forming non-uniform gaps by simulating the non-periodic density distribution of the microstructure on the surface of peat moss leaves.

6. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The biomimetic superhydrophobic layer is formed by laser etching to create microstructures on the substrate surface, combined with chemical etching modification. The chemical etching includes modifying the recessed trenches using sodium hydroxide solution and lauric acid solution.

7. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The working height of the hydrophilic abrasive cluster on the V-shaped working surface is greater than the height of the micro-protrusion on the V-shaped working surface.

8. The butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The included angle between the two symmetrical inclined planes of the V-shaped working surface ranges from 30° to 60°.

9. An internal thread grinding system, characterized in that, The butterfly wing-sphagnum moss biomimetic grinding wheel as described in any one of claims 1-8 is used.

10. The internal thread grinding system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The spindle box, fixed on the grinding machine base, is equipped with a workpiece spindle for clamping the workpiece; The feed assembly includes a slide rail, a slider, and a feed box. The feed box is connected to the slider that mates with the slide rail. The feed box is equipped with a grinding wheel spindle for driving a butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel. The motor, connected to the feed box, is used to drive the feed box to move along the slide rail to achieve the longitudinal feed of the butterfly wing-peat moss biomimetic grinding wheel; Grinding fluid nozzles are used to supply grinding fluid to the grinding area.

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