Waterproofing system for underground constructions and method for its construction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of underground building structures, and discloses an underground building waterproof system and a construction method thereof. The underground building waterproof system comprises a structure body, an outer protection mechanism and an inner protection mechanism. A drainage pipe array is embedded on the structure body, a negative pressure generating device is connected to the drainage pipe array to generate negative pressure in the drainage pipe array, and water seepage in the structure body is sucked into the drainage pipe array through the negative pressure through water-permeable holes arranged on the drainage pipe array. The outer protection mechanism and the inner protection mechanism are used for waterproofing the structure body respectively, and the water seepage is sucked through the drainage pipe array and the negative pressure generating device, so that the water seepage is prevented from eroding the structure body for a long time, the water content of the structure body is reduced, and the waterproof structure does not need to be re-set. The technical problems of performance attenuation acceleration and maintenance cost increase of the waterproof system in the prior art are solved, and the technical effects of protecting the performance of the waterproof system and reducing the maintenance cost are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground building structure technology, and in particular to an underground building waterproofing system and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of underground construction engineering, with the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing demand for underground space development and utilization, the reliability and durability requirements of underground building waterproofing systems are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditional underground building waterproofing technology mainly adopts a protective system consisting of a concrete structure body combined with an outer waterproof layer and an inner anti-seepage coating. The structural body serves as the load-bearing and waterproofing foundation, with waterproof membranes or coatings on the outside blocking groundwater infiltration, and anti-seepage materials applied to the inside to prevent internal water seepage. Within this technical framework, the waterproofing system relies on the passive blocking effect of multiple layers of materials, with each protective layer relatively independent and lacking an effective collaborative working mechanism. As the service life of buildings increases and environmental conditions change, this passive anti-seepage method faces long-term reliability challenges, especially in engineering scenarios with high groundwater levels, complex geological conditions, or high requirements for waterproofing lifespan. Traditional technologies struggle to meet the ever-increasing demands for waterproofing performance.

[0003] However, the commonly used combination of an outer waterproofing layer and an inner anti-seepage coating in existing technologies has significant performance defects. The outer waterproofing layer is susceptible to damage from the settlement and compression of backfill soil during long-term use, and leakage channels may appear at the overlaps of the waterproofing membrane due to material aging. The concrete structure inevitably develops micro-cracks under temperature changes, loads, and environmental erosion; these micro-cracks become hidden pathways for groundwater seepage. While the inner anti-seepage coating can block some seepage, it cannot handle water that has already seeped into the structure. This water accumulates within the wall, creating water pressure, which further damages the waterproofing layer. More seriously, the joints between the structure and the base slab become high-risk areas for leakage due to stress concentration and deformation differences. Traditional joint treatment methods, such as simple overlaps or localized reinforcement, are insufficient to create a continuous and reliable seal. The root cause of these defects lies in the fact that traditional technologies treat waterproofing as a simple material barrier problem, lacking a deep understanding of the seepage mechanism caused by micro-cracks in the structure. This failure to develop proactive techniques for dealing with internal seepage leads to accelerated performance degradation and increased maintenance costs during long-term use of the waterproofing system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underground building waterproofing system and its construction method, which solves the technical problems of accelerated performance degradation and increased maintenance costs in existing waterproofing systems.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an underground building waterproofing system, including a structural body, an outer protective mechanism, and an inner protective mechanism; The outer protective mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the structure body to block external water penetration, and the inner protective mechanism is disposed on the inner surface of the structure body to prevent internal water seepage. The inner protective mechanism includes a drainage pipe array and a negative pressure generating device. The drainage pipe array is embedded in the structural body, and the negative pressure generating device is connected to the drainage pipe array to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array. The drainage pipe array is provided with water-permeable holes for drawing seepage water from the structural body into the drainage pipe array through negative pressure.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the structural body includes a concrete matrix and reinforcing bars; The concrete matrix includes modified polypropylene fibers and crack-resistant agent. The length of the modified polypropylene fibers is 10-15 mm, and 1.0-1.5 kg of the modified polypropylene fibers are added per cubic meter of the concrete matrix. The reinforcing bar is connected to the concrete substrate and extends along the surface of the concrete substrate.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the structural body further includes a base plate and a waterstop steel plate; The base plate is disposed at the bottom of the concrete substrate and is perpendicular to the concrete substrate. The water-stop steel plate is disposed on the base plate and inserted into the concrete substrate.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the outer protective structure includes a waterproof layer, a fluidized solidified soil layer, and a grouting curtain layer, wherein the fluidized solidified layer and the grouting curtain layer are connected, and the waterproof layer is disposed between the fluidized solidified layer and the structural body.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the inner protective mechanism includes an interface treatment layer, a reinforcing layer, and a waterproof coating. The reinforcing layer is disposed between the interface treatment layer and the waterproof coating. The reinforcing layer is connected to both the interface treatment layer and the waterproof coating. The interface treatment layer is connected to the structural body.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the drainage tube array includes multiple parallel drainage tubes, which are connected to each other by connecting tubes. Multiple water-permeable holes are spaced apart along the length of the drainage tubes, and the water-permeable holes are covered with a filter layer. The drainage tube array is buried at a depth of 10-15 mm from the inner surface of the structure body, and the horizontal spacing of the drainage tube array is 800-1000 mm.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the outer diameter of the drainage tube is 25-35mm, the diameter of the permeable hole is 4-6mm, the spacing between the permeable holes is 40-60mm, and the permeable holes are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the negative pressure generating device further includes a water collector and a pressure monitoring module. The water collector is connected to the end of the drainage pipe array to collect the pumped seepage water, and the pressure monitoring module is disposed in the drainage pipe array to monitor the negative pressure value.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for waterproofing underground buildings, including structural body construction steps, outer protective mechanism construction steps, and inner protective mechanism construction steps; The construction steps of the main structure include concrete pouring and curing; the construction steps of the outer protective mechanism include waterproof layer construction and backfilling; and the construction steps of the inner protective mechanism include interface treatment layer construction and anti-seepage coating construction. The construction steps of the inner protective mechanism also include a negative pressure drainage component installation step, which includes: pre-embedding a drainage pipe array on the inner surface of the structure body, with the drainage pipe array maintaining a preset distance from the inner surface of the structure body; connecting a negative pressure generating device to the drainage pipe array; and activating the negative pressure generating device to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array.

[0014] In an optional implementation, the negative pressure drainage component installation steps further include: covering the outside of the drainage tube array with a filter layer; connecting the drainage tube array to the water collector; and installing a pressure monitoring module to monitor the negative pressure value.

[0015] This invention provides an underground building waterproofing system, comprising a structural body, an outer protective mechanism, and an inner protective mechanism. The outer protective mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the structural body to block external water penetration, while the inner protective mechanism is disposed on the inner surface of the structural body to prevent internal water seepage. The inner protective mechanism includes a drainage pipe array and a negative pressure generating device. The drainage pipe array is embedded in the structural body, and the negative pressure generating device is connected to the drainage pipe array to generate negative pressure within the array. The drainage pipe array has permeable holes for drawing seepage water from the structural body into the array through negative pressure. By waterproofing the structural body through the outer and inner protective structures respectively, and drawing seepage water through the drainage pipe array and negative pressure generating device, the long-term erosion of the structural body by seepage water is prevented, reducing the water content of the structural body and eliminating the need to replace the waterproofing structure. This solves the technical problems of accelerated performance degradation and increased maintenance costs in existing waterproofing systems, achieving the technical effect of protecting the performance of the waterproofing system while maintaining low maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the underground building waterproofing system mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram, 1-concrete substrate; 2-base plate; 3-waterstop steel plate; 4-waterproof layer; 5-flow curing layer; 6-grouting curtain layer; 7-interface treatment layer; 8-reinforcing layer; 9-anti-seepage coating; 10-drainage pipe; 11-water collector; 12-pressure monitoring module; 13-negative pressure generator; 14-drainage valve. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] In related technologies, traditional technologies treat waterproofing as a simple material barrier problem, lacking a deep understanding of the seepage mechanism of microcracks in the structure itself, and failing to establish technical means to actively deal with internal seepage. This leads to accelerated performance degradation of waterproofing systems during long-term use and increased maintenance costs.

[0021] In view of this, such as Figure 1 As shown, some embodiments of the present invention provide an underground building waterproofing system, including a structural body, an outer protective mechanism, and an inner protective mechanism; the outer protective mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the structural body to block external water penetration, and the inner protective mechanism is disposed on the inner surface of the structural body to prevent internal water seepage; the inner protective mechanism includes a drainage pipe array 10 and a negative pressure generating device, the drainage pipe array 10 is embedded in the structural body, the negative pressure generating device is connected to the drainage pipe array 10 to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array 10, and the drainage pipe array 10 is provided with permeable holes for drawing seepage water from the structural body into the drainage pipe array 10 through negative pressure.

[0022] In the above embodiments, the structural body can be configured as a wall, and the structural body can be vertically arranged. The side of the structural body closer to the internal space is the inner side, and the side closer to the unexcavated soil is the outer side. The outer protective mechanism is attached to the outer side of the structural body and extends along the surface of the structural body, while the inner protective mechanism is located on the inner side of the structural body and extends along the surface of the structural body. The outer and inner protective mechanisms work together with the structural body to prevent water from the external soil from entering the underground structure. Furthermore, the inner protective mechanism may include an array of drainage pipes 10 and a negative pressure generating device. The drainage pipe array 10 can be set parallel to the surface of the structure body. The drainage pipe array 10 can be attached to the surface of the structure body, or it can be set parallel to the surface of the structure body and spaced 10-15mm apart. The negative pressure generating device can be set on one side of the drainage pipe array 10 and can be connected to the drainage pipe array 10. The negative pressure generating device is used to apply negative pressure to the drainage pipe array 10. The multiple water-permeable holes on the drainage pipe array 10 can draw in the water seeping out of the structure body, thereby reducing the erosion of the structure body by seepage, actively treating seepage, and ensuring the dryness of the structure body.

[0023] Some embodiments of the present invention provide an underground building waterproofing system, including a structural body, an outer protective mechanism, and an inner protective mechanism. The outer protective mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the structural body to block external water penetration, and the inner protective mechanism is disposed on the inner surface of the structural body to prevent internal water seepage. The inner protective mechanism includes an array of drainage pipes 10 and a negative pressure generating device. The array of drainage pipes 10 is embedded in the structural body, and the negative pressure generating device is connected to the array of drainage pipes 10 to generate negative pressure within the array of drainage pipes 10. The array of drainage pipes 10 is provided with permeable holes to draw seepage water from the structural body into the array of drainage pipes 10 through negative pressure. By waterproofing the structural body through the outer protective structure and the inner protective mechanism, and by drawing seepage water through the array of drainage pipes 10 and the negative pressure generating device, the long-term erosion of the structural body by seepage water is prevented, the water content of the structural body is reduced, and there is no need to replace the waterproofing structure. This solves the technical problems of accelerated performance degradation and increased maintenance costs in existing waterproofing systems, achieving the technical effect of protecting the performance of the waterproofing system and reducing maintenance costs.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the structural body includes a concrete matrix 1 and reinforcing bars; the concrete matrix 1 includes modified polypropylene fibers and crack-resistant agents, the length of the modified polypropylene fibers is 10-15mm, and 1.0-1.5kg of modified polypropylene fibers are added per cubic meter of concrete; the reinforcing bars are connected to the concrete matrix 1 and extend along the surface of the concrete matrix 1.

[0025] In the above embodiments, the concrete matrix 1 can be set vertically, and the concrete matrix can be cast from concrete. 1~1.5 kg of modified polypropylene fiber can be added to each cubic meter of concrete matrix 1. Preferably, 1.2 kg of modified polypropylene fiber can be added to each cubic meter of concrete matrix 1, and a concrete crack-resistant agent accounting for 10% of the mass of the concrete matrix 1 is added to improve the strength of the concrete matrix 1.

[0026] Optionally, the reinforcing bars can be steel bars. The reinforcing bars can be placed in the middle of the concrete matrix 1 or on the surface of the concrete matrix. When the reinforcing bars are on the outside of the concrete matrix 1, they can be horizontal non-continuous steel bars with a cross-sectional area of ​​≥0.001㎡. When the reinforcing bars are in the middle of the concrete matrix 1, they can be horizontal continuous additional steel bars with a cross-sectional area of ​​≥0.0002㎡, thereby enhancing the crack resistance of the concrete matrix 1.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, the structural body further includes a base plate 2 and a water-stop steel plate 3; the base plate 2 is disposed at the bottom of the concrete substrate 1 and is perpendicular to the concrete substrate 1; the water-stop steel plate 3 is disposed on the base plate 2 and is inserted into the concrete substrate 1.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the base plate 2 can be horizontally set and can be made of cast concrete, specifically C35 concrete, 300mm thick. A 3mm thick, 300mm high annular waterstop steel plate 3 is pre-embedded. The waterproof layer 4 of the base plate 2 uses 2mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating, with a 150mm overlap. The cross-section of the waterstop steel plate 3 can be I-shaped. One side of the waterstop steel plate 3 can be cast inside the base plate 2, and the other side can be cast inside the concrete substrate 1, thereby fixing the waterstop steel plate 3 and preventing water seepage from the gap between the base plate 2 and the concrete substrate 1. The waterstop steel plate 3 is ≥3mm thick and ≥300mm high, with half embedded in the concrete substrate 1 and half embedded in the concrete of the base plate 2, blocking the seepage path along the joint.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the outer protective structure includes a waterproof layer 4, a fluidized solidified soil layer 5, and a grouting curtain layer 6. The fluidized solidified layer 5 and the grouting curtain layer 6 are connected, and the waterproof layer 4 is disposed between the fluidized solidified layer 5 and the structural body.

[0030] In the above embodiment, a 1.5mm asphalt anti-slip waterproof coating is applied to the concrete substrate 1 in two coats, with a 12-hour interval between coats. Then, a 3mm puncture-resistant TPO waterproof membrane is laid, with a 100mm hot-melt overlap, overlapping the base slab 2 waterproof layer 4 by 150mm. Next, fluidized solidified soil (compressive strength 3MPa) is backfilled in 300mm layers with a compaction degree ≥95%, forming a fluidized solidified soil layer. The slump of the fluidized solidified soil is ≥200mm, automatically filling the trench space under its own weight. The 28-day compressive strength is ≥0.3MPa, and the permeability is... The flow rate is ≤10-8cm / s, which has high strength and small deformation, and can avoid the damage to the waterproof membrane caused by the settlement and squeezing of the backfill soil. At the same time, it also has a certain seepage prevention ability. Then, the grouting holes are arranged in a quincunx pattern (500mm spacing, 40mm diameter). The grouting distance from the outer wall is greater than 1 times the grouting hole diameter, and the distance from the bottom plate is greater than 2 times the grouting hole diameter to avoid damaging other waterproof layers. The water glass content is not less than 40, the cement slurry specific gravity is 1.5, the diffusion radius is 500mm, the cement to water glass volume ratio is 1:0.5, the grouting pressure is 0.8-1.2MPa, and it is cured for 7 days as the grouting curtain layer.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, the inner protective mechanism includes an interface treatment layer 7, a reinforcing layer 8, and a waterproof coating 9. The reinforcing layer 8 is disposed between the interface treatment layer 7 and the waterproof coating 9. The reinforcing layer 8 is connected to both the interface treatment layer 7 and the waterproof coating 9. The interface treatment layer 7 is connected to the structural body.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the interface treatment layer 7 can be set as interface mortar with a thickness of 20-25mm, and the reinforcement layer 8 can be set as a steel mesh with a steel diameter of ≥4mm, which is laid on one side of the interface mortar. A protective layer of ≥5mm is reserved between the steel mesh and the array of pre-embedded negative pressure drainage pipes 10. The anti-seepage coating 9 can be set as a permanent curing liquid coating, which extends to the inner side of the base plate 2, with a coating thickness of 1.5-2.0mm. It can penetrate into the interior of the structure body 3-5mm to form crystals, block micropores, and achieve passive anti-seepage.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the drainage tube 10 array includes multiple parallel drainage tubes 10, which are connected to each other by connecting tubes. Multiple water-permeable holes are spaced apart along the length of the drainage tube 10, and the water-permeable holes are covered with a filter layer. The drainage tube 10 array is buried at a depth of 10-15 mm from the inner surface of the structure body, and the horizontal spacing of the drainage tube 10 array is 800-1000 mm.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the outer diameter of the drainage tube 10 is 25-35mm, the diameter of the water-permeable holes is 4-6mm, the spacing between the water-permeable holes is 40-60mm, and the water-permeable holes are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the negative pressure generating device further includes a water collector 11 and a pressure monitoring module 12. The water collector 11 is connected to the end of the drainage pipe array 10 for collecting the pumped seepage water, and the pressure monitoring module 12 is disposed in the drainage pipe array 10 for monitoring the negative pressure value.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, the negative pressure generating device is the driving component of the active drainage core, including a pre-embedded negative pressure drainage pipe 10, a geotextile filter layer, a negative pressure conduit, a negative pressure generator 13, a water collector 11, a pressure monitoring module 12, and a drain valve 14. The pre-embedded negative pressure drainage pipe 10 is a PVC rigid perforated pipe with an outer diameter of 30mm. The pipe wall has 5mm permeable holes in a quincunx pattern with a hole spacing of 50mm to ensure that seepage water can smoothly enter the pipe. The outer wall of the drainage pipe 10 is wrapped with a 200g / ㎡ polyester non-woven filter layer with an overlap width of ≥100mm and fixed with ties to prevent mortar and concrete particles from entering the pipe and causing blockage. The drainage pipe 10 is horizontally set between the interface treatment layer 7 and the outer anti-seepage coating 9 at intervals of 800-1000mm, or it can be buried 10-15mm into the surface of the concrete substrate 1 to fit the seepage path without damaging the structural strength and to achieve active drainage.

[0037] Optionally, the drainage pipe 10 is sealed to the water collector 11 via a sealing joint, waterproof tape, and stainless steel clamp. The end of the drainage pipe 10 is connected to the water collector 11 via a sealing joint. The stainless steel clamp and waterproof tape are respectively bonded to the connection between the drainage pipe 10 and the sealing joint. The water collector 11 is made of stainless steel, with a volume ≥1m³ and a bottom height ≥200mm from the ground for easy drainage, water collection, and maintenance. The water collector 11 is connected to the negative pressure generator 13 via a high-pressure negative pressure conduit, and the pressure monitoring module 12 has an accuracy of ±0.001MPa. The pressure monitoring module 12 is fixed on the water collector 11 or at the sealing joint. The pressure monitoring module 12 monitors the negative pressure value in the drainage pipe 10 in real time to ensure that the negative pressure value is stable at -0.02~-0.05MPa. The effective suction radius of a single drainage pipe 10 is ≥400mm, which can quickly capture seepage water in microcracks and micropores in the wall. Through the negative pressure suction effect, the seepage water is directed to the water collector 11 and then discharged through the copper drain valve 14 at the bottom of the water collector 11, eliminating the accumulation of water pressure in the wall from the root.

[0038] This invention also provides a method for waterproofing underground structures, including structural body construction steps, external protective mechanism construction steps, and internal protective mechanism construction steps. The structural body construction steps include concrete pouring and curing; the external protective mechanism construction steps include waterproof layer 4 construction and backfilling; and the internal protective mechanism construction steps include interface treatment layer 7 construction and anti-seepage coating 9 construction. The internal protective mechanism construction steps also include a negative pressure drainage component installation step, which includes: pre-embedding a drainage pipe array 10 on the inner surface of the structural body, maintaining a preset distance between the drainage pipe array 10 and the inner surface of the structural body; connecting a negative pressure generating device to the drainage pipe array 10; and activating the negative pressure generating device to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array 10. The negative pressure drainage component installation step further includes: covering the outside of the drainage pipe array 10 with a filter layer; connecting the drainage pipe array 10 to a water collector 11; and installing a pressure monitoring module 12 to monitor the negative pressure value.

[0039] S1: Construction of base slab 2: Pour concrete for base slab 2 according to design requirements. Precisely embed grooved waterstop steel plate 3 at the junction of base slab 2 and basement exterior wall to ensure that the waterstop steel plate 3 is centered, firmly fixed, and without displacement or deformation. Complete the construction of waterproof layer 4 for base slab 2. Waterproof layer 4 is made of waterproof coating, roll material or similar material. After construction, leave an overlap edge except for the waterproof layer. Clean the overlap edge clean, free of dust and oil, and protect it.

[0040] S2: Construction of the structural reinforcement layer: ① Tie the reinforcing bars as required. Tie the non-through reinforcing bars to the column bars and the original reinforcing bars of the wall. The spacing between tying points should be ≤500mm. The additional reinforcing bars should be reliably anchored to the structure at both ends to ensure that the position of the reinforcing bars is accurate and firm. ② Installation of negative pressure drainage pipe 10: Wrap the outer wall of the rigid PVC drainage pipe 10 with a 200g / ㎡ polyester filament geotextile filter layer. The overlap width should be ≥100mm. Tie it firmly with cable ties. Install and fix the drainage pipe 10 wrapped with the filter layer inside the template of the outer protective mechanism. Adjust it to a straight state by 800-1000mm. It should be parallel to the surface of the concrete substrate 1 without being suspended or offset. ③ Pouring concrete substrate 1: Add modified polypropylene fiber and high-performance crack-resistant agent to the concrete in advance according to the mix ratio, and mix for no less than 3 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; pour in layers with a height ≤ 500mm, and use an immersion vibrator to vibrate, with a vibration interval ≤ 400mm, to avoid under-vibration and over-vibration, and ensure the density of the concrete; cover with geotextile or other moisture-retaining materials within 12 hours after pouring, and cure for no less than 14 days. ④ Fill the gap between the drainage pipe 10 and the concrete substrate 1 with interface mortar to ensure that the drainage pipe 10 is in contact with the surface of the concrete substrate 1, and extend the end of the drainage pipe 10 to the installation position of the water collector 11, with a reserved length ≥ 300mm.

[0041] S3: Construction of the external waterproofing system: ① Clean the outer surface of the concrete substrate 1, removing loose dust, oil, and stones. Repair any defects in the concrete substrate 1 to ensure the base layer is flat and firm; ② Apply waterproof coating in multiple coats. After the first coat has fully dried, apply the second coat to the designed thickness, ensuring even application, no missed areas, and no air bubbles; ③ After the waterproof coating has fully dried, lay the waterproof membrane, overlapping it with the waterproof layer 4 of the base slab 2. Compact it with a roller to ensure a tight bond between the membrane and the waterproof coating, without any hollow areas or curling edges, thus forming the waterproof layer 4; ④ Backfill with fluidized solidified soil in layers, with each layer ≤300mm thick and each layer's compaction degree ≥95%. Then backfill the next layer to ensure compaction, thus forming a fluidized solidified soil layer; ⑤ Arrange grouting holes in a quincunx pattern at 500mm intervals, with a hole diameter of 40mm. Use cement and water glass for double-liquid grouting, and control the grouting pressure at 0.8-1.5MPa. The volume ratio of cement to water glass is 1:(0.3~0.5). Follow the principle of "grouting from bottom to top and in layers" during grouting. After grouting, cure for 7 days to form a closed grouting curtain.

[0042] S4: Construction of the Internal Negative Pressure Waterproofing System: ① Cleaning and Grinding: Use an electric grinder to smooth out the laitance and protrusions on the inner surface of the concrete substrate 1. For micro-cracks with a width ≥0.1mm, use special repair mortar to fill the cracks. After cleaning, wet the wall with water to ensure that the base layer is moist but the surface is not exposed to standing water. ② Application of Interface Mortar and Cutting of Embedded Grooves: Apply high-performance ultra-high strength interface mortar. The first layer should be 3-4mm thick. Use a scraper to evenly spread and compact it. After initial setting, apply a second layer to the designed thickness of 8-12mm. Smooth and compact it with a trowel, ensuring there are no honeycombs, cracks, or pitted surfaces. ③ Laying of Reinforcing Mesh: Lay reinforcing mesh on the outside of the interface mortar layer, ensuring that the mesh is flat and firm. Leave a protective layer of ≥10mm between the reinforcing mesh and the drainage pipe 10. ④ Installation of the negative pressure generating device: Install a stainless steel water collector 11 at the corner of the basement exterior wall or at a designated location, and fix it to the concrete base 1 with expansion bolts, with the bottom ≥200mm from the ground; trim the end of the drain pipe 10 flat, remove the end filter layer, put on a rubber sealing joint, connect it to the water inlet of the water collector 11, wrap it with waterproof tape, and tighten it with a stainless steel clamp to ensure a leak-free seal; seal the two ends of the negative pressure conduit to the air outlet of the water collector 11 and the air inlet of the negative pressure generator 13 respectively, insert the probe of the pressure monitoring module 12 into the negative pressure conduit, complete the wiring connection, and ensure normal monitoring; ⑤ Spraying of the anti-seepage coating 9: Use a high-pressure sprayer to spray a permanent curing liquid coating onto the inside of the steel mesh in 2-3 coats. Spray to a thickness of 1.5-2.0mm. Apply a thin base coat for the first time, and after it is surface dry, apply a second coat. For the final coat, ensure that the coating is evenly covered without any missed spots or exposed substrate. Avoid spraying at the interface of the negative pressure conduit and the water collector 11. Use special sealant to locally seal the interface. The interval between each spraying process should be ≥2 hours. When the ambient temperature is below 5℃, take heat preservation measures such as electric heaters to ensure the quality of the coating film. ⑥ Preliminary debugging: After the anti-seepage coating 9 is surface dry, temporarily start the negative pressure generator 13 and slowly adjust the negative pressure value to -0.02~-0.05MPa. Check the sealing of the drainage pipe 10, the water collector 11, and the negative pressure conduit to ensure that there is no air or water leakage. If any leakage is found, repair it in time.

[0043] S5: Joint Sealing: Check the overlap quality of the outer waterproof membrane and the waterproof layer 4 of the base plate 2. Reinforce the overlap joints and terminations with sealant to ensure a firm seal. Extend the inner high-performance ultra-high strength interface mortar and anti-seepage coating 9 to the inner side of the base plate 2 and tightly connect it with the cement mortar protective layer of the base plate 2. Seal the joint with sealant to form an inner seal. Check the joint between the grooved water-stop steel plate 3 and the concrete to ensure there are no gaps or leaks and that the joint structure is completely sealed.

[0044] S6: Overall commissioning of the negative pressure system: After the permanent condensate coating has fully dried, start the negative pressure generator 13 and slowly adjust the negative pressure value to the design value of -0.02~-0.05MPa. Run continuously for 30 minutes to conduct a pressure holding test. Observe the change of negative pressure value in the pipe through the pressure monitoring module 12. If the negative pressure value drops too quickly, check for problems such as blockage of the drainage pipe 10 and failure of the interface seal. After the problem is solved, retest. After the pressure holding is qualified, continue to run for 24 hours. The negative pressure value fluctuation range should be ≤±0.005MPa. At the same time, observe whether there are any leakage points on the wall surface and joints. The water in the water collector 11 can be discharged manually or automatically through the drain valve 14. If leakage points appear on the wall, spray more permanent condensate coating. After the coating has fully dried, readjust the negative pressure value until there is no leakage.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproofing system for underground buildings, characterized in that, Includes the main structure, outer protective mechanism, and inner protective mechanism; The outer protective mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the structure body to block external water penetration, and the inner protective mechanism is disposed on the inner surface of the structure body to prevent internal water seepage. The inner protective mechanism includes a drainage pipe array and a negative pressure generating device. The drainage pipe array is embedded in the structural body, and the negative pressure generating device is connected to the drainage pipe array to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array. The drainage pipe array is provided with water-permeable holes for drawing seepage water from the structural body into the drainage pipe array through negative pressure.

2. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural body includes a concrete matrix and reinforcing bars; The concrete matrix includes modified polypropylene fibers and crack-resistant agent. The length of the modified polypropylene fibers is 10-15 mm, and 1.0-1.5 kg of the modified polypropylene fibers are added per cubic meter of the concrete matrix. The reinforcing bar is connected to the concrete substrate and extends along the surface of the concrete substrate.

3. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main structure also includes a base plate and a water-stop steel plate; The base plate is disposed at the bottom of the concrete substrate and is perpendicular to the concrete substrate. The water-stop steel plate is disposed on the base plate and inserted into the concrete substrate.

4. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer protective structure includes a waterproof layer, a fluidized solidified soil layer, and a grouting curtain layer. The fluidized solidified layer and the grouting curtain layer are connected, and the waterproof layer is disposed between the fluidized solidified layer and the structural body.

5. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner protective mechanism includes an interface treatment layer, a reinforcement layer, and a seepage-proof coating. The reinforcement layer is disposed between the interface treatment layer and the seepage-proof coating. The reinforcement layer is connected to both the interface treatment layer and the seepage-proof coating. The interface treatment layer is connected to the structural body.

6. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage tube array includes multiple parallel drainage tubes, which are connected to each other by connecting tubes. Multiple water-permeable holes are spaced apart along the length of each drainage tube, and a filter layer is covered on the water-permeable holes. The drainage tube array is buried at a depth of 10-15 mm from the inner surface of the structure body, and the horizontal spacing of the drainage tube array is 800-1000 mm.

7. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the drainage tube is 25-35mm, the diameter of the permeable hole is 4-6mm, the spacing between the permeable holes is 40-60mm, and the permeable holes are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

8. The underground building waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure generating device also includes a water collector and a pressure monitoring module. The water collector is connected to the end of the drainage pipe array to collect the pumped seepage water, and the pressure monitoring module is set in the drainage pipe array to monitor the negative pressure value.

9. A method for waterproofing underground structures, characterized in that, This includes the construction steps for the main structure, the construction steps for the outer protective mechanism, and the construction steps for the inner protective mechanism. The construction steps of the main structure include concrete pouring and curing; the construction steps of the outer protective mechanism include waterproof layer construction and backfilling; and the construction steps of the inner protective mechanism include interface treatment layer construction and anti-seepage coating construction. The construction steps of the inner protective mechanism also include a negative pressure drainage component installation step, which includes: pre-embedding a drainage pipe array on the inner surface of the structure body, with the drainage pipe array maintaining a preset distance from the inner surface of the structure body; connecting a negative pressure generating device to the drainage pipe array; and activating the negative pressure generating device to generate negative pressure within the drainage pipe array.

10. The waterproofing construction method for underground structures according to claim 9, characterized in that, The installation steps of the negative pressure drainage component also include: covering the outside of the drainage pipe array with a filter layer; connecting the drainage pipe array to the water collector; and installing a pressure monitoring module to monitor the negative pressure value.

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