River sediment resource allocation and utilization dynamic optimization method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of river silt resource allocation utilization dynamic optimization method, it is related to river silt allocation technical field, this method is arranged in river water and sand monitoring station, and monitoring data is collected;Based on monitoring data and historical silt sequence, construct watershed water and sand joint scheduling model;According to flood carrying and sand transporting constraint condition and reservoir scheduling rule, combine historical silt sequence and flood forecast, calculate optimal water and sand resource scheduling scheme;According to the silt utilization demand of different regions and downstream ecological sand demand threshold, establish silt resource allocation model;Establish silt graded utilization system, and the silt resource after distribution is used in partition and grading;Through online monitoring and watershed water and sand control center, according to the time step iteration correction scheduling distribution scheme of preestablished;The application realizes silt resource and value in the guarantee of flood control safety, promotes the multi-objective coordination of economic value, ecological value and social benefit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of river sediment allocation technology, and in particular to a dynamic optimization method for the allocation and utilization of river sediment resources. Background Technology

[0002] Excessive sediment input into rivers causes the riverbed to rise continuously, seriously threatening downstream flood control safety and leading to a series of problems such as reservoir siltation, waterway blockage, and irrigation system failure. For a long time, the focus of river sediment management has been on engineering measures such as reservoir sediment interception, river dredging, and downstream sediment discharge, aiming to ensure flood control safety by reducing sediment input into the Yellow River and regulating sediment flow. However, existing management measures have the following shortcomings: First, they emphasize flood control while neglecting utilization. Current technologies often treat sediment as a hazardous factor, focusing on reducing the risk of sediment accumulation through interception, discharge, and dumping, while ignoring the potential value of sediment as a resource. Second, utilization is singular and extensive. Currently, sediment utilization is mainly concentrated in localized sand and gravel mining or for scattered projects such as foundation backfilling and farmland improvement. There is a lack of systematic classification and refined allocation of sediment particle size, mud content, organic matter content, and pollutant indicators, resulting in low resource utilization efficiency and even secondary environmental risks due to pollutant accumulation.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a new dynamic optimization method for sediment resources to achieve multi-objective coordination in sediment resource regulation, allocation, and utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the difficulty in achieving both flood control safety and the resource utilization and value of river sediment in existing technologies. This invention proposes a dynamic optimization method for the allocation and utilization of river sediment resources, which promotes the synergistic effect of multiple objectives, including economic value, ecological value, and social benefits, and realizes the transformation of sediment management in the Yellow River Basin from passive prevention to active utilization.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A dynamic optimization method for the allocation and utilization of river sediment resources includes:

[0007] Water and sediment monitoring stations were set up in the river to collect monitoring data;

[0008] A joint water and sediment scheduling model for the basin was constructed based on monitoring data and historical sediment sequences.

[0009] Based on the constraints of flood discharge and sediment transport and the reservoir operation rules, combined with historical sediment sequences and flood forecasts, the optimal water and sediment resource operation scheme is calculated;

[0010] Based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the sediment demand threshold of downstream ecosystems, a sediment resource allocation model is established.

[0011] Establish a sediment classification and utilization system to classify and utilize the allocated sediment resources in different zones.

[0012] The scheduling and allocation scheme is iteratively revised according to the preset time step through online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment regulation center.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water and sediment monitoring station includes:

[0014] A flow monitoring unit is used to collect inflow flow data. The flow monitoring unit includes one or more of a radar flow meter, an acoustic Doppler flow profiler, or an electromagnetic flow meter.

[0015] A sediment concentration monitoring unit is used to monitor the sediment concentration in water bodies. The sediment concentration monitoring unit includes an optical turbidity sensor, an ultrasonic concentration meter, or an online sediment concentration analyzer.

[0016] A particle size distribution monitoring unit is used to acquire information on the particle size distribution of sediment particles. The particle size distribution monitoring unit is an online laser particle size analyzer.

[0017] A sediment transport rate calculation unit, connected to the flow monitoring unit and the sediment concentration monitoring unit, is used to calculate the real-time sediment transport rate based on flow and sediment concentration data.

[0018] A water level monitoring unit is used to monitor the water level at the control section. The water level monitoring unit can be selected from any one of a radar water level gauge, a pressure water level gauge, or a float water level gauge.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring data includes inflow, sediment concentration, particle size distribution, sediment transport rate, and cross-sectional water level; the historical sediment sequence includes historical inflow, historical inflow sediment concentration, historical outflow sediment concentration, historical sediment particle size distribution, and historical reservoir siltation.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model includes a water balance equation, a sediment budget equation, and a channel evolution equation:

[0021] Water balance equation:

[0022] In the formula, Indicates the inbound flow. Indicates outbound flow. Indicates evaporation loss. Indicates changes in storage capacity;

[0023] Sediment budget equation:

[0024] In the formula, This refers to the amount of sediment entering the reservoir. The amount of sediment discharged from the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt accumulated in the reservoir area;

[0025] Riverbed evolution equation:

[0026] In the formula, For riverbed porosity, For riverbed elevation, For coordinates along the route, For time, The unit width sediment transport rate; among which,

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, The cross-sectional average velocity is... Because of the water depth, This is the average particle size distribution. , , as well as These are parameters obtained through calibration using historical sediment sequences.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flood control and sediment transport constraints include:

[0030] Based on the flood and sediment transport constraints, the expression is as follows:

[0031] in, This is the upper limit of the safe flood discharge capacity of the downstream control section under the corresponding water level conditions;

[0032] The scouring-deposition balance constraint means that the cumulative siltation height of the riverbed does not exceed the allowable reservoir limit threshold. :

[0033]

[0034] in, and These are the beginning and end of the scheduling period, respectively.

[0035] The reservoir scheduling rules include:

[0036] Water level control: The reservoir's operating water level fluctuates between the flood control limit level and the beneficial water level.

[0037] The sediment discharge activation condition is that the sediment discharge operation is initiated when the amount of sediment entering the reservoir exceeds the reservoir's limit threshold. The operation is scheduled based on historical sediment sequences and monitoring data.

[0038] When flood forecast information is available, the forecast inflow process line and the forecast sediment concentration process line are used as feedforward input boundary conditions;

[0039] Construct a multi-objective optimization model within a scheduling cycle. Internally, the outflow from each reservoir will be divided into time periods. As a scheduling decision variable, the downstream control section flow rate is:

[0040]

[0041] With the optimization objectives of minimizing reservoir siltation, minimizing downstream siltation, and maximizing effective sediment transport, the objective function is expressed as: ,

[0042] The amount of siltation in the reservoir is expressed as follows: ,

[0043] The amount of river siltation is expressed as: ,

[0044] Effective sediment transport volume is expressed as: ,

[0045] In the above formula, For the first The reservoir is at all times Inbound traffic, The amount of sand entering the reservoir. The amount of sand released from the warehouse. For the downstream control section at time The composite flow rate, Downstream control section at time The sediment transport capacity corresponds to the amount of sediment that can be transported. For downstream control of the river section at any time The upper limit of sediment transport capacity, This refers to the inflow of water between the reservoir group and the downstream control section. This represents the target weight coefficient.

[0046] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sediment resource allocation model established based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold adopts multi-objective optimization, with silt reduction and efficiency improvement, ecological priority, and maximization of economic benefits as objective functions respectively:

[0047] Objective function for reducing siltation and increasing efficiency

[0048] Ecological priority objective function

[0049] The objective function for maximizing economic benefits

[0050] in, This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the downstream river channel; This represents the actual sediment transport volume that enters the downstream river channel after sediment resource allocation, and is the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold. It represents the minimum amount of sediment transport required to maintain the stability of the downstream river channel morphology, the function of the wetland ecosystem, and the prevention of continuous degradation of the river delta landform. For the unit of sediment in the first Economic benefit coefficient under the category of utilization direction.

[0051] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the constraints of the sediment resource allocation model include:

[0052] Downstream flood control safety constraints: the flood discharge capacity shall not be lower than the historical minimum safe cross-sectional flow.

[0053]

[0054] in, To account for the impact of siltation on the river's flow capacity, The safe flood discharge corresponding to the historical minimum safe cross section;

[0055] River ecological constraints require that downstream ecological base currents and ecological sediment requirements must meet wetland replenishment and delta maintenance needs; ,

[0056] Regional utilization constraints stipulate that the amount of sediment allocated for agricultural use, building materials use, ecological use, and disaster prevention must not exceed the sediment demand for that area during the planning period; the expression is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] in, The amount of sediment allocated to agricultural use refers to the actual amount of fine-grained sediment allocated for improving arable land soil and enhancing its water and fertilizer retention capacity. The amount of sediment allocated to building material utilization refers to the actual amount of medium and coarse-grained sediment used in the production of building materials such as cement aggregate and sintered bricks. The amount of sediment allocated to ecological uses refers to the amount of sediment deposited for beach area uplift, wetland restoration, and ecological replenishment of river deltas. The amount of sediment allocated to disaster prevention and control refers to the amount of sediment used for dam construction, bank protection, dike reinforcement, and riverbed erosion control projects. The demand for sediment for agricultural use The demand for silt in building materials The demand for sediment for ecological use. The sediment demand for disaster prevention and control can be obtained through regional planning or engineering construction planning.

[0059] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sediment classification and utilization system is established, and the allocated sediment resources are utilized in a zoned and graded manner as follows:

[0060] Agricultural use: using fine-grained silt to improve soil structure;

[0061] Building material utilization: using medium and coarse-grained silt to produce cement aggregate or sintered bricks;

[0062] Ecological utilization: ecological sand replenishment in beach areas, wetlands and river deltas to restore habitats;

[0063] Disaster prevention: Use silt and sand to build dams to protect riverbanks and reinforce dikes.

[0064] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scheduling and allocation scheme is iteratively corrected according to a preset time step by online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment regulation center, as follows:

[0065] A watershed water and sediment control center is set up, and water and sediment monitoring stations upload monitoring data to the watershed water and sediment control center in real time.

[0066] The monitoring data is input into the watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model to generate river sediment resource allocation instructions, and the sediment allocation scheme is obtained by using the sediment resource allocation model calculation results.

[0067] The sediment distribution plan is issued to the gate control unit through the watershed water and sediment control center to regulate drainage and sediment transport.

[0068] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the watershed water and sediment regulation center includes a water and sediment monitoring station, a sediment resource utilization database, a data processing module, and a scheduling and control module.

[0069] The water and sediment monitoring station collects real-time data on inflow, sediment content, water level, reservoir siltation, outflow sediment transport, and ecological environment monitoring data, and transmits them to the sediment resource utilization database.

[0070] The basin water and sediment regulation center operates in a rolling manner according to a preset time step. At the end of each time step, the sediment resource utilization database summarizes the current actual operating status data, and the data processing module processes the actual operating status data.

[0071] Before proceeding to the next time step, the scheduling and control module calls the multi-objective optimization model to generate a prediction process for water and sediment inflow in future time periods, and starts the basin water and sediment joint scheduling model and sediment resource allocation model respectively to perform rolling optimization calculations to obtain a new sediment allocation scheme.

[0072] The new sediment distribution scheme is issued to the gate control unit through the automated control system to perform flow regulation and sediment transport operations. At the same time, the water and sediment monitoring station transmits the actual execution status data back to the watershed water and sediment control center in real time as the monitoring input data for the next time step.

[0073] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By establishing a joint water and sediment scheduling model and a sediment resource allocation model for the watershed, this invention establishes a "regulation-allocation-utilization" cyclical process to realize a watershed sediment scheduling and process control mechanism. This not only solves the problem of sediment deposition but also enhances the joint scheduling capability of reservoir groups, transforming sediment from a single waste into a classifiable resource, avoiding disorderly utilization and environmental risks, and promoting the refined allocation of resources. It also promotes the diversified application of sediment in building materials, ecology, agriculture, and other fields, fostering multi-objective synergy of economic value, ecological value, and social benefits, and realizing the transformation of watershed sediment management from passive prevention to active utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the operational logic diagram of the watershed water and sediment regulation center in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the specific embodiments of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely preferred examples of this invention, used to aid in understanding the inventive concept, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection.

[0076] With the advancement of ecological construction and comprehensive watershed management, the management concept of sediment resources is gradually shifting from simple prevention and control to comprehensive utilization. Currently, there is a coexistence of needs for sediment dredging and ecological restoration. In some areas, Yellow River sediment is being used to prepare new building materials or for wetland restoration, but this remains at the experimental and localized application stage. Existing technologies lack an integrated and coordinated approach of "regulation-allocation-utilization," and lack a diversified regulatory and utilization system oriented towards engineering construction, ecological restoration, and industrial transformation. This makes it difficult to achieve the resource utilization and value creation of sediment while ensuring flood control safety.

[0077] This embodiment proposes a dynamic optimization method for the allocation and utilization of river sediment resources, referring to... Figure 1 The optimization method mainly includes:

[0078] Monitoring and data collection: Water and sediment monitoring stations are set up in the river to collect monitoring data in real time;

[0079] Data processing and modeling: Constructing a joint water and sediment scheduling model for the watershed based on monitoring data and historical sediment sequences;

[0080] Water and sediment resource scheduling, based on flood and sediment transport constraints and reservoir scheduling rules, combined with historical sediment sequences and flood forecasts, calculates the optimal water and sediment resource scheduling scheme, including: joint sediment interception by reservoir groups, phased sediment discharge, sediment discharge time periods, flood and sediment transport, staggered discharge peaks and flood diversion, etc., to achieve sediment peak reduction, staggered deposition and controllable sedimentation in the river channel;

[0081] Sediment resource allocation: Based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the sediment demand threshold of downstream ecosystems, a sediment resource allocation model is established.

[0082] For sediment resource utilization, a sediment classification and utilization system should be established by combining the physicochemical properties of sediment such as particle size distribution and organic matter content, and the allocated sediment resources should be utilized in different zones and at different levels.

[0083] Dynamic feedback adjustment, through online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment control center, iteratively corrects the scheduling and allocation scheme according to the preset time step to achieve dynamic coordination of water and sediment.

[0084] The water and sediment monitoring station in this embodiment includes:

[0085] A flow monitoring unit is used to collect inflow flow data. The flow monitoring unit includes one or more of a radar flow meter, an acoustic Doppler flow profiler (ADCP acoustic Doppler flow profiler), or an electromagnetic flow meter.

[0086] A sediment concentration monitoring unit is used to monitor the sediment concentration in water bodies. The sediment concentration monitoring unit includes an optical turbidity sensor, an ultrasonic concentration meter, or an online sediment concentration analyzer.

[0087] A particle size distribution monitoring unit is used to acquire information on the particle size distribution of sediment particles. The particle size distribution monitoring unit includes an online laser particle size analyzer or an automatic sampling and experimental analysis device.

[0088] A sediment transport rate calculation unit, connected to the flow monitoring unit and the sediment concentration monitoring unit, is used to calculate the real-time sediment transport rate based on flow and sediment concentration data.

[0089] A water level monitoring unit is used to monitor the water level at a control section. The water level monitoring unit is selected from one of a radar water level gauge, a pressure water level gauge, or a float water level gauge.

[0090] The data acquisition and transmission unit is connected to the above-mentioned units and is used for data integration, storage and remote transmission.

[0091] Through the coordinated work of the above-mentioned units, automated and continuous monitoring and collection of water and sediment elements such as inflow, sediment concentration, particle size distribution, sediment transport rate, and water level at major control sections are achieved.

[0092] The monitoring data collected by the water and sediment monitoring station includes inflow, sediment concentration, particle size distribution, sediment transport rate, and cross-sectional water level; the historical sediment sequence includes historical inflow, historical inflow sediment concentration, historical outflow sediment concentration, historical sediment particle size distribution, and historical reservoir siltation.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that the basin-wide water and sediment joint scheduling model includes water balance equations, sediment budget equations, and channel evolution equations. Among them,

[0094] Water balance equation:

[0095] In the formula, Indicates the inbound flow. Indicates outbound flow. Indicates evaporation loss. This indicates changes in storage capacity.

[0096] Sediment budget equation:

[0097] In the formula, This refers to the amount of sediment entering the reservoir. The amount of sediment discharged from the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt accumulated in the reservoir area.

[0098] Riverbed evolution equation: This equation ensures the downstream channel remains scoured and deposited, meeting the stability requirements of the flood discharge section. The longitudinal scour and deposition changes in the riverbed are described using the Exner equation, which is based on sediment continuity. Riverbed evolution equation:

[0099] In the formula, For riverbed porosity, For riverbed elevation, For coordinates along the route, For time, The unit width sediment transport rate; among which,

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, The cross-sectional average velocity is... Because of the water depth, This is the average particle size distribution. , , as well as These are parameters obtained through calibration using historical sediment sequences.

[0102] Flood and sediment transport constraints include:

[0103] Based on the flood and sediment transport constraints, the expression is as follows:

[0104] in, This refers to the upper limit of safe flood discharge for downstream control sections under corresponding water level conditions.

[0105] The scouring-deposition balance constraint means that the cumulative siltation height of the riverbed does not exceed the allowable reservoir limit threshold. :

[0106]

[0107] in, and These represent the beginning and end of the scheduling period, respectively.

[0108] Reservoir scheduling rules include:

[0109] Water level control: The reservoir's operating water level fluctuates between the flood control limit level and the beneficial water level.

[0110] The sediment discharge activation condition is that sediment discharge is initiated when the amount of sediment entering the reservoir exceeds the reservoir's limit threshold. The scheduling calculation is based on historical sediment sequences and monitoring data.

[0111] When flood forecast information is available, the forecast inflow process line and the forecast sediment concentration process line are used as feedforward input boundary conditions;

[0112] Construct a multi-objective optimization model within a scheduling cycle. Internally, the outflow from each reservoir will be divided into time periods. As a scheduling decision variable, the downstream control section flow rate is:

[0113]

[0114] With the optimization objectives of minimizing reservoir siltation, minimizing downstream siltation, and maximizing effective sediment transport, the objective function is expressed as: ,

[0115] The amount of siltation in the reservoir is expressed as follows: ,

[0116] The amount of river siltation is expressed as: ,

[0117] Effective sediment transport volume is expressed as: ,

[0118] In the above formula, For the first The reservoir is at all times Inbound traffic, The amount of sand entering the reservoir. The amount of sand released from the warehouse. The composite flow rate at the downstream control section at time t. The sediment transport capacity of the downstream controlled river section at time t corresponds to the amount of sediment that can be transported. This represents the upper limit of sediment transport capacity (or the upper limit of safe sediment volume) for the downstream control section of the river at time t. This refers to the inflow of water between the reservoir group and the downstream control section (formed by tributary confluence, surface runoff, etc.). This represents the target weight coefficient, used to balance the optimization preference between reservoir siltation, downstream siltation, and effective sediment transport. It can usually be taken as equal preference, all being 1 / 3.

[0119] Combining historical sediment sequences and flood forecasts, the optimal water and sediment resource allocation scheme is calculated. Dynamic programming, genetic algorithms, or particle swarm optimization can be used to solve the above model, outputting the optimal water and sediment resource allocation scheme. The aforementioned algorithms are widely used for scheme optimization, and this is not the focus of this scheme, so it will not be elaborated upon here. The output scheme includes the reservoir group's joint sediment interception period, the phased sediment discharge process line, the flood discharge and sediment transport process line, and the downstream peak-shaving scheduling scheme, thereby achieving sediment peak reduction, staggered deposition, and controllable deposition in the downstream channel.

[0120] Based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold, the sediment resource allocation model established adopts multi-objective optimization, with silt reduction and efficiency improvement, ecological priority, and maximization of economic benefits as objective functions respectively:

[0121] Objective function for reducing siltation and increasing efficiency

[0122] Ecological priority objective function

[0123] The objective function for maximizing economic benefits

[0124] in, This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the downstream river channel; This represents the actual sediment transport volume that enters the downstream river channel after sediment resource allocation, and is the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold. It represents the minimum amount of sediment transport required to maintain the stability of the downstream river channel morphology, the function of the wetland ecosystem, and the prevention of continuous degradation of the river delta landform. For the unit of sediment in the first Economic benefit coefficient under the category of utilization direction.

[0125] The constraints of the sediment resource allocation model include:

[0126] Downstream flood control safety constraints: the flood discharge capacity shall not be lower than the historical minimum safe cross-sectional flow.

[0127]

[0128] in, To account for the impact of siltation on the river's flow capacity, This represents the safe flood discharge corresponding to the historical minimum safe cross-section.

[0129] River ecological constraints require that downstream ecological base currents and ecological sediment requirements must meet wetland replenishment and delta maintenance needs; .

[0130] Regional utilization constraints stipulate that the amount of sediment allocated for agricultural use, building materials use, ecological use, and disaster prevention must not exceed the sediment demand for that direction during the planning period, as expressed below:

[0131]

[0132] in, The amount of sediment allocated to agricultural use refers to the actual amount of fine-grained sediment allocated for improving arable land soil and enhancing its water and fertilizer retention capacity. The amount of sediment allocated to building material utilization refers to the actual amount of medium and coarse-grained sediment used in the production of building materials such as cement aggregate and sintered bricks. The amount of sediment allocated to ecological uses refers to the amount of sediment deposited for beach area uplift, wetland restoration, and ecological replenishment of river deltas. The amount of sediment allocated to disaster prevention and control refers to the amount of sediment used for dam construction, bank protection, dike reinforcement, and riverbed erosion control projects. The demand for sediment for agricultural use The demand for silt in building materials The demand for sediment for ecological use. The sediment demand for disaster prevention and control can be obtained through regional planning or engineering construction planning.

[0133] Establish a sediment classification and utilization system, and utilize the allocated sediment resources in different zones and at different levels, using the following methods:

[0134] Agricultural applications: Fine-grained silt is used to improve soil structure and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of arable land.

[0135] Building material utilization: using medium and coarse-grained silt and sand to produce cement aggregate or sintered bricks.

[0136] Ecological utilization: Ecological sand replenishment in beach areas, wetlands and river deltas to restore habitats.

[0137] Disaster prevention: Use silt and sand to build dams and reinforce dikes to reduce the risk of erosion.

[0138] The graded utilization of sediment resources will be carried out based on the sediment grading and evaluation system, and the steps include:

[0139] Laboratory analysis was conducted on sediment samples to record different physicochemical properties of the sediment, including: particle size distribution (0.01-5 mm), mud content, organic matter content (%), heavy metal content, and salt content.

[0140] Based on the physicochemical properties of sediment, the sediment classification and evaluation system can adopt the following scheme:

[0141] Agricultural use:

[0142] The particle size range is 0.01-0.25 mm (mainly silt to fine sand, which is beneficial for improving soil structure and water retention).

[0143] Organic matter content: ≥2.0%, ensuring improved topsoil fertility;

[0144] Heavy metal content: All indicators (Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Cr, etc.) are lower than the Class II limits of the "Soil Environmental Quality Standard" (GB15618-2018);

[0145] Salt content: meets the salt tolerance threshold of major local crops (generally ≤0.3%) to avoid secondary salinization;

[0146] Additional indicator: Suitable pH value (6.0–8.5), which is conducive to crop growth.

[0147] Building material utilization:

[0148] Particle size range: >0.25 mm (mainly medium sand, coarse sand and gravel, suitable for aggregate production);

[0149] Mud content: ≤3–5% (according to the requirements of "Quality Standard and Test Methods for Sand Used in Concrete" (JGJ 52-2011));

[0150] Heavy metals and hazardous substances: Comply with the "Limits of Radionuclides in Building Materials" (GB 6566-2010) and related environmental protection requirements;

[0151] Particle size distribution: Meets the gradation standards for construction sand (fineness modulus 2.3–3.0 is preferred);

[0152] Strength and stability: After compaction or pressure testing, it meets the production requirements of concrete, blocks or new building materials.

[0153] Ecological utilization:

[0154] Grain size range: 0.05–0.25 mm (mainly fine to medium sand, which is conducive to the stability of sediments in tidal flats and wetlands);

[0155] Organic matter content: ≥1.5%, ensuring the nutrients needed for wetland and vegetation restoration;

[0156] Heavy metal content: lower than the background requirements for Class III water body sediments in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002);

[0157] Salt content: ≤0.2%, to avoid damaging wetland and estuarine vegetation;

[0158] Ecological suitability indicators: It has good permeability and water retention, which is conducive to wetland uplift and vegetation restoration.

[0159] Disaster prevention and mitigation:

[0160] Particle size range: 0.25–2.0 mm (mainly medium to coarse sand, which is beneficial for backfill compaction and erosion resistance).

[0161] Impurity content: ≤8%, to ensure uniform filling;

[0162] Mud content: ≤10%, to avoid significant reduction in permeability;

[0163] Engineering performance indicators: Maximum dry density in compaction test ≥1.6 g / cm³, compressibility coefficient ≤0.15 This meets the compaction requirements for backfilling of dikes, revetments, and dams;

[0164] Erosion resistance: No significant loss occurs under representative flow velocity conditions (>1.0 m / s).

[0165] Before utilizing sediment resources, the total amount of sediment obtained during water and sediment regulation is tested for physical, chemical, and engineering properties to establish a basic sediment attribute database, including indicators such as particle size distribution, sediment concentration, mineral composition, organic matter content, salinity, electrical conductivity, and heavy metal content. Based on the differentiated requirements of sediment performance for different utilization directions, a use-oriented sediment classification standard is constructed, classifying sediment into four functional types: agricultural improvement, building material utilization, ecological restoration, and engineering protection.

[0166] Subsequently, physical sorting is achieved through processes such as hydrocyclone classification, vibrating screening, sedimentation classification, and dewatering. For sediments with insufficient indicators, customized sediment products that meet the requirements of the target application are prepared by supplementing the organic matter in the sediment or passivating pollutants. Finally, different types of sediments are directed to agricultural use, building material processing, ecological restoration, and disaster prevention engineering, realizing the comprehensive classification, allocation, and high-value utilization of sediment resources.

[0167] The implementation process for each stage of sediment resource utilization includes:

[0168] Agricultural utilization: Fine-grained sediment for agricultural use is introduced into farmland or saline-alkali land through irrigation canals or dedicated pipelines. Soil structure is improved by layering and covering or mixing with organic fertilizer and tilling, thereby enhancing the water retention and fertility of the topsoil. This is implemented simultaneously during sowing or cultivation, and the changes in soil organic matter content, water retention capacity, crop growth, and yield are monitored regularly. The monitoring results are entered into a sediment utilization database to analyze the long-term effects of sediment application on soil improvement and agricultural production.

[0169] Building material utilization: The sediment used for building materials is transported to the sand and gravel processing plant, where it is screened, washed, and sorted to prepare sand and gravel aggregates, which are then used to produce concrete or new building materials. The output and quality parameters are recorded to achieve traceable management of sediment resources.

[0170] Ecological utilization: Ecologically restorative sediment is transported to the beach area or wetland uplift area, laid in layers, and simultaneously with the planting of local vegetation. Wetland height, soil fertility and vegetation coverage are monitored regularly, and the results are entered into the sediment utilization database to optimize subsequent allocation plans.

[0171] Disaster prevention and mitigation: Disaster prevention sediment is transported to weak sections of dikes, riverbank erosion areas, or flood erosion gullies, and backfilled in sections or in bags for bank protection, dam construction, and beach elevation to reinforce flood control structures. During implementation, stress gauges, water level gauges, and erosion monitoring devices are deployed simultaneously to monitor dike stability, erosion and sedimentation rates, and dam strength changes in real time. The monitoring data and construction records are entered into a sediment utilization database to evaluate the effectiveness of the protective project and optimize subsequent disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.

[0172] Through online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment regulation center, the scheduling and allocation scheme is iteratively revised according to a preset time step, as follows:

[0173] Reference Figure 2 First, a watershed water and sediment regulation center is set up, integrating water and sediment monitoring stations, sediment resource utilization database, data processing module, scheduling and control module, and automated control system.

[0174] The automated control system is a field execution and feedback terminal system responsible for translating dispatch instructions into actual actions of engineering equipment and transmitting operational status back. The automated control system is under the unified dispatch and management of the watershed water and sediment control center and does not possess independent decision-making capabilities; it only executes and provides feedback.

[0175] The water and sediment monitoring station collects and uploads monitoring data to the basin water and sediment control center in real time via telemetry.

[0176] The monitoring data is input, and the scheduling and control module generates a river sediment resource allocation instruction based on the monitoring data and the output of the watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model. The sediment allocation scheme is obtained by using the sediment resource allocation model calculation results.

[0177] The sediment distribution plan is transmitted to the gate control unit (such as reservoir gates, flood diversion headworks and sediment utilization projects) through the automated control system to regulate drainage and sediment transport, and achieve dynamic closed-loop operation.

[0178] The water and sediment monitoring station of the basin water and sediment regulation center collects real-time data on inflow, sediment content, water level, reservoir siltation, downstream sediment transport, and ecological environment monitoring data, and transmits them to the sediment resource utilization database.

[0179] According to the preset time step The system operates on a rolling basis. At the end of each time step, the sediment resource utilization database summarizes the current actual operating status data, including the reservoir operating status, sediment utilization project absorption volume, downstream river channel scouring and deposition changes, and ecological monitoring results. The data processing module cleans, assimilates, and updates the above actual operating status data, which is then used as input parameters for the model. These parameters include the inflow of water and sediment into the reservoir, reservoir capacity and sediment retention capacity, the remaining demand for various types of sediment utilization, and the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold.

[0180] Before proceeding to the next time step, the scheduling and control module calls the multi-objective optimization model to generate a prediction process for water and sediment inflow in future time periods, and initiates rolling optimization calculations for the watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model and sediment resource allocation model to obtain new reservoir group discharge scheduling schemes and sediment allocation schemes for agricultural utilization, building material utilization, ecological sediment replenishment and disaster prevention.

[0181] The optimization results (new sediment distribution scheme) are sent to the gate control unit through the automated control system to execute the corresponding flow regulation and sediment transport operations. At the same time, the water and sediment monitoring station transmits the actual execution status data back to the watershed water and sediment control center in real time as the monitoring input data for the next time step.

[0182] By implementing the above-mentioned monitoring-data update-prediction-optimization-scheduling-feedback process in a time-step cycle, a dynamic closed-loop operation of water and sediment scheduling and sediment resource allocation is achieved, thereby realizing a collaborative optimization method for multiple processes of water and sediment "regulation-allocation-utilization".

[0183] Although the steps in the above embodiments are described in the above order, those skilled in the art will understand that in order to achieve the effect of this embodiment, different steps do not need to be executed in such an order. They can be executed simultaneously (in parallel) or in a reverse order. These simple variations are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims of this invention, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0185] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the parts not covered in this invention are the same as or can be implemented using existing technology. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of this invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of this invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions resulting from these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic optimization method for the allocation and utilization of river sediment resources, characterized in that, include: Water and sediment monitoring stations were set up in the river to collect monitoring data; A joint water and sediment scheduling model for the basin was constructed based on monitoring data and historical sediment sequences. Based on the constraints of flood discharge and sediment transport and the reservoir operation rules, combined with historical sediment sequences and flood forecasts, the optimal water and sediment resource operation scheme is calculated; Based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the sediment demand threshold of downstream ecosystems, a sediment resource allocation model is established. Establish a sediment classification and utilization system to classify and utilize the allocated sediment resources in different zones. The scheduling and allocation scheme is iteratively revised according to the preset time step through online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment regulation center.

2. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water and sediment monitoring stations include: A flow monitoring unit is used to collect inflow flow data. The flow monitoring unit includes one or more of a radar flow meter, an acoustic Doppler flow profiler, or an electromagnetic flow meter. A sediment concentration monitoring unit is used to monitor the sediment concentration in water bodies. The sediment concentration monitoring unit includes an optical turbidity sensor, an ultrasonic concentration meter, or an online sediment concentration analyzer. A particle size distribution monitoring unit is used to acquire information on the particle size distribution of sediment particles. The particle size distribution monitoring unit is an online laser particle size analyzer. A sediment transport rate calculation unit, connected to the flow monitoring unit and the sediment concentration monitoring unit, is used to calculate the real-time sediment transport rate based on flow and sediment concentration data. A water level monitoring unit is used to monitor the water level at the control section. The water level monitoring unit can be selected from any one of a radar water level gauge, a pressure water level gauge, or a float water level gauge.

3. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring data includes inflow, sediment concentration, particle size distribution, sediment transport rate, and cross-sectional water level; the historical sediment sequence includes historical inflow, historical inflow sediment concentration, historical outflow sediment concentration, historical sediment particle size distribution, and historical reservoir siltation.

4. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model includes water balance equations, sediment budget equations, and channel evolution equations: Water balance equation: ; In the formula, Indicates the inbound flow. Indicates outbound flow. Indicates evaporation loss. Indicates changes in storage capacity; Sediment budget equation: ; In the formula, This refers to the amount of sediment entering the reservoir. The amount of sediment discharged from the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt accumulated in the reservoir area; Riverbed evolution equation: ; In the formula, For riverbed porosity, For riverbed elevation, For coordinates along the route, For time, The unit width sediment transport rate; among which, ； In the formula, The cross-sectional average velocity is... Because of the water depth, This is the average particle size distribution. , , as well as These are parameters obtained through calibration using historical sediment sequences.

5. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aforementioned flood and sediment transport constraints include: Based on the flood and sediment transport constraints, the expression is as follows: ; in, This is the upper limit of the safe flood discharge capacity of the downstream control section under the corresponding water level conditions; The scouring-deposition balance constraint means that the cumulative siltation height of the riverbed does not exceed the allowable reservoir limit threshold. : ； in, and These are the beginning and end of the scheduling period, respectively. The reservoir scheduling rules include: Water level control: The reservoir's operating water level fluctuates between the flood control limit level and the beneficial water level. The sediment discharge activation condition is that the sediment discharge operation is initiated when the amount of sediment entering the reservoir exceeds the reservoir's limit threshold. The operation is scheduled based on historical sediment sequences and monitoring data. When flood forecast information is available, the forecast inflow process line and the forecast sediment concentration process line are used as feedforward input boundary conditions; Construct a multi-objective optimization model within a scheduling cycle. Internally, the outflow from each reservoir will be divided into time periods. As a scheduling decision variable, the downstream control section flow rate is: ； With the optimization objectives of minimizing reservoir siltation, minimizing downstream siltation, and maximizing effective sediment transport, the objective function is expressed as: ; The amount of siltation in the reservoir is expressed as follows: ; The amount of river siltation is expressed as: ; Effective sediment transport volume is expressed as: ; In the above formula, For the first The reservoir is at all times Inbound traffic, The amount of sand entering the reservoir. The amount of sand released from the warehouse. For the downstream control section at time The composite flow rate, Downstream control section at time The sediment transport capacity corresponds to the amount of sediment that can be transported. For downstream control of the river section at any time The upper limit of sediment transport capacity, This refers to the inflow of water between the reservoir group and the downstream control section. This represents the target weight coefficient.

6. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the sediment utilization needs of different regions and the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold, the sediment resource allocation model established adopts multi-objective optimization, with silt reduction and efficiency improvement, ecological priority, and maximization of economic benefits as objective functions respectively: Objective function for reducing siltation and increasing efficiency ; Ecological priority objective function ; The objective function for maximizing economic benefits ; in, This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the reservoir. This refers to the amount of silt deposited in the downstream river channel; This represents the actual sediment transport volume that enters the downstream river channel after sediment resource allocation, and is the downstream ecological sediment demand threshold. It represents the minimum amount of sediment transport required to maintain the stability of the downstream river channel morphology, the function of the wetland ecosystem, and the prevention of continuous degradation of the river delta landform. For the unit of sediment in the first Economic benefit coefficient under the category of utilization direction.

7. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraints of the sediment resource allocation model include: Downstream flood control safety constraints: the flood discharge capacity shall not be lower than the historical minimum safe cross-sectional flow. ； in, To account for the impact of siltation on the river's flow capacity, The safe flood discharge corresponding to the historical minimum safe cross section; River ecological constraints require that downstream ecological base currents and ecological sediment requirements must meet wetland replenishment and delta maintenance needs; ; Regional utilization constraints stipulate that the amount of sediment allocated for agricultural use, building materials use, ecological use, and disaster prevention must not exceed the sediment demand for that direction during the planning period, as expressed below: ； in, The amount of sediment allocated to agricultural use refers to the actual amount of fine-grained sediment allocated for improving arable land soil and enhancing its water and fertilizer retention capacity. The amount of sediment allocated to building material utilization refers to the actual amount of medium and coarse-grained sediment used in the production of building materials such as cement aggregate and sintered bricks. The amount of sediment allocated to ecological uses refers to the amount of sediment deposited for beach area uplift, wetland restoration, and ecological replenishment of river deltas. The amount of sediment allocated to disaster prevention and control refers to the amount of sediment used for dam construction, bank protection, dike reinforcement, and riverbed erosion control projects. The demand for sediment for agricultural use The demand for silt in building materials The demand for sediment for ecological use. The sediment demand for disaster prevention and control can be obtained through regional planning or engineering construction planning.

8. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned sediment classification and utilization system will be established, and the allocated sediment resources will be utilized in a zoned and classified manner as follows: Agricultural use: using fine-grained silt to improve soil structure; Building material utilization: using medium and coarse-grained silt to produce cement aggregate or sintered bricks; Ecological utilization: ecological sand replenishment in beach areas, wetlands and river deltas; Disaster prevention: Use silt and sand to build dams to protect riverbanks and reinforce dikes.

9. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scheduling and allocation scheme is iteratively corrected according to a preset time step through online monitoring and the watershed water and sediment regulation center, as follows: A watershed water and sediment control center is set up, and water and sediment monitoring stations upload monitoring data to the watershed water and sediment control center in real time. The monitoring data is input into the watershed water and sediment joint scheduling model to generate river sediment resource allocation instructions, and the sediment allocation scheme is obtained by using the sediment resource allocation model calculation results. The sediment distribution plan is issued to the gate control unit through the watershed water and sediment control center to regulate drainage and sediment transport.

10. The dynamic optimization method for river sediment resource allocation and utilization according to claim 9, characterized in that, The basin water and sediment regulation center includes a water and sediment monitoring station, a sediment resource utilization database, a data processing module, and a scheduling and control module. The water and sediment monitoring station collects real-time data on inflow, sediment content, water level, reservoir siltation, outflow sediment transport, and ecological environment monitoring data, and transmits them to the sediment resource utilization database. The basin water and sediment regulation center operates in a rolling manner according to a preset time step. At the end of each time step, the sediment resource utilization database summarizes the current actual operating status data, and the data processing module processes the actual operating status data. Before proceeding to the next time step, the scheduling and control module calls the multi-objective optimization model to generate a prediction process for water and sediment inflow in future time periods, and starts the basin water and sediment joint scheduling model and sediment resource allocation model respectively to perform rolling optimization calculations to obtain a new sediment allocation scheme. The new sediment distribution scheme is issued to the gate control unit through the automated control system to perform flow regulation and sediment transport operations. At the same time, the water and sediment monitoring station transmits the actual execution status data back to the watershed water and sediment control center in real time as the monitoring input data for the next time step.

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