A method and system for monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser signal

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection method and system;The method comprises: collecting the pulse width modulation signal parameter of carbon dioxide laser, power detection information, temperature information and configuration parameter;Based on the various parameters and information collected, multi-level coordinated protection control is carried out;Multi-level collaborative protection control includes: obtaining the state flag of laser, trend early warning flag and configuration bit flag;Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage and trend verification, fault classification is carried out;According to fault type, model or power level, working condition, safety difficulty and trend early warning flag, five-dimensional determination is carried out to determine fault level;According to fault level, model or power level, working condition and safety difficulty, four-dimensional adaptation is carried out to adapt to different protection actions.The application can realize comprehensive monitoring of carbon dioxide laser parameters, and carry out flexible and multi-level coordinated safety protection control according to the monitoring result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of laser equipment monitoring and protection, specifically to a method and system for monitoring and protecting the signal of a carbon dioxide laser. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide lasers play an irreplaceable role in modern society as an important industrial and medical device. With continuous technological advancements, the performance and application range of carbon dioxide lasers are constantly expanding, leading to increasingly stringent requirements for their control and protection. Pulse width modulation (PWM) signals play a crucial role in carbon dioxide lasers; their duty cycle directly determines the average output power of the laser, while periodic stability affects the uniformity of laser energy.

[0003] In existing technologies, protection systems for carbon dioxide lasers typically employ multiple methods for parameter monitoring and protection. For example, to address power reflection issues caused by abnormal standing wave ratios (SWR), a dedicated analog detection circuit is usually set up to monitor the SWR, with fixed protection thresholds and recovery times. When the SWR exceeds the threshold, a protection mechanism is triggered. For overheating caused by excessively high duty cycles, temperature sensors are used for temperature detection. Once the detected temperature exceeds a set value, appropriate cooling measures are taken or the laser's output power is reduced. For output runaway caused by signal interference, filtering circuits and other methods are used to process the signal and reduce the impact of interference. Regarding power detection, forward power and reflected power are detected separately, and power data is obtained through analog detection circuits.

[0004] Existing technologies have significant drawbacks. Independent analog detection circuits result in a lack of coordination among protection functions, focusing only on acquiring individual monitoring parameters for safety protection settings. When a single parameter exceeds a preset threshold, corresponding protective measures are taken; however, when multiple parameters simultaneously show abnormalities, effective comprehensive judgment and coordinated protection are impossible, easily leading to delayed protection responses or false triggers. Furthermore, the lack of trend warnings for individual monitoring parameters makes it impossible to detect potential safety hazards in advance, resulting in delayed measures when faults occur. Simultaneously, existing technologies do not incorporate protection designs based on the actual laser model and power, making protection strategies incompatible with the characteristics of different lasers and reducing protection effectiveness. Therefore, existing technologies struggle to achieve comprehensive parameter monitoring of carbon dioxide laser signals and to implement flexible and multi-level coordinated safety protection control based on monitoring results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve comprehensive parameter monitoring of the pulse width modulation signal of a carbon dioxide laser and to carry out flexible and multi-level coordinated safety protection control based on the monitoring results, this application provides a method and system for monitoring and protecting carbon dioxide laser signals.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for monitoring and protecting the signal of a carbon dioxide laser, including: Complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of carbon dioxide laser, including real-time measurement of the period, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of carbon dioxide laser; simultaneously acquire forward power detection information, reflected power detection information and temperature information of carbon dioxide laser; simultaneously acquire configuration parameters of carbon dioxide laser, including model, power level, operating conditions and safety difficulty; Based on pulse width modulation signal parameter measurement results, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters, multi-level coordinated protection control is executed; the multi-level coordinated protection control includes: The system acquires the laser's status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration flags. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag. The trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification, the system classifies faults and categorizes the current operating state into interference faults, performance faults, or safety faults. A five-dimensional judgment is performed based on fault type, model or power level, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning flags to determine the fault level. A four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on the fault level, model or power level, operating condition, and safety difficulty to adapt differentiated protection actions, including warning, power reduction, hold, soft shutdown, or hard shutdown. All logic processing is implemented in lightweight hardware using combinational and sequential logic.

[0007] By adopting the above scheme, comprehensive parameter detection of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser is performed, and power, temperature and configuration parameters are acquired simultaneously. Based on this information, multi-level coordinated protection control is executed. Then, by acquiring status flags, trend warning flags and configuration bit flags, faults are classified, and fault levels are determined through multi-dimensional judgment to adapt differentiated protection actions. At the same time, lightweight hardware is used to implement logic processing, which improves the safety and reliability of carbon dioxide laser operation, responds more accurately to different types of faults, and ensures stable operation of the laser.

[0008] Preferably, the process of obtaining the status flags of the laser includes: Based on the signal parameter detection by measuring the time interval between the rising edges of adjacent pulses using a period counter, an upper limit threshold for the period counter is set. When the period counter reaches the preset upper limit threshold, a low frequency flag is generated. Execute configurable duty cycle limit protection, including: selecting an appropriate duty cycle limit threshold according to an external configuration signal, and each external configuration signal has an appropriate duty cycle limit threshold; comparing and determining that the current measurement pulse width exceeds the selected duty cycle limit threshold, shifting the comparison result into the duty cycle determination buffer register, and generating a duty cycle abnormality flag if any bit of the buffer register has an over-limit flag; Perform power detection and anomaly determination, including: gating and accumulating forward / reflection power anomaly signals during the pulse validity period, and generating a forward / reflection power anomaly flag when the accumulated value is less than half of the measured pulse width value; The adaptive VSWR shielding control includes: setting a shielding period counter; determining the current duty cycle interval flag and determining the initial value of the shielding period based on the current duty cycle interval flag; continuously outputting a VSWR limit signal when the shielding period counter is non-zero until the counter returns to zero; and generating a valid shielding status flag before the shielding period counter decreases to zero.

[0009] By adopting the above scheme, a frequency low flag is generated by setting an upper limit threshold for the period counter, which can promptly identify situations where the pulse frequency is lower than the minimum allowed frequency of the system; configurable duty cycle limiting protection is implemented, which selects an appropriate duty cycle limiting threshold based on an external configuration signal to accurately determine whether the duty cycle exceeds the limit and generate an abnormal flag; power detection and anomaly judgment are implemented, which accumulates abnormal forward / reflected power signals through gating and compares them with the measured pulse width value to accurately determine whether the power is abnormal; adaptive VSWR shielding control is implemented, which determines the initial value of the shielding period based on the duty cycle interval flag and outputs the VSWR limiting signal to achieve adaptive protection of the VSWR, further optimizing the comprehensive monitoring and multi-level coordinated protection of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser.

[0010] Preferably, the process of obtaining trend warning indicators includes: The process of implementing configurable duty cycle limit protection also includes: caching the duty cycle measurement values ​​of the current period and the previous few periods, calculating the duty cycle change rate; setting the duty cycle change threshold per unit time, comparing the calculated duty cycle change rate with the duty cycle change threshold, moving the duty cycle change rate exceeding the limit result into another duty cycle determination cache register, and generating a duty cycle abnormal trend warning flag through logical OR. The process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: when the forward / reflection power anomaly signal is gated and accumulated during the pulse validity period, the abnormal duration of multiple consecutive pulse cycles is averaged and the rate of change of the average is calculated. When the rate of change of the average is greater than the preset rate of change of the average multiple times, a forward / reflection power anomaly trend warning flag is triggered. The adaptive VSWR shielding control process also includes: during the shielding period, continuing to sample the reflected power and calculating the rate of change of the reflected power; when the rate of change of the reflected power is greater than the preset rate of change of the reflected power threshold, generating an early warning sign of abnormal shielding trend.

[0011] By adopting the above scheme, the rate of change of the configurable duty cycle, forward / reflection power, and VSWR shielding is calculated and compared with the corresponding parameter rate of change threshold to complete early warning monitoring. This allows for the early detection of the changing trends of relevant parameters, timely generation of abnormal indicators, and provides a more comprehensive basis for subsequent fault classification and protection actions, thereby further improving the safety and reliability of laser operation.

[0012] Preferably, acquiring the status flags of the laser also includes: The process of implementing configurable duty cycle limit protection also includes: setting duty cycle limit threshold adjustment trigger conditions, including: working condition switching trigger, trend pre-limit trigger, and temperature change trigger in the configuration parameters; while retaining the original multiple duty cycle limit thresholds generated by displacement calculation and addition calculation, a first threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the duty cycle limit threshold, and different first threshold adjustment coefficients are set for different trigger conditions. The process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: setting the trigger conditions for adjusting the power anomaly judgment threshold, including: working condition switching trigger, continuous power anomaly trigger, and temperature change trigger in the configuration parameters; on the basis of keeping the basic power anomaly judgment threshold set to half of the measurement pulse width value, a second threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the basic power anomaly judgment threshold, and different second threshold adjustment coefficients are set for different trigger conditions. The adaptive VSWR shielding control process also includes: setting VSWR shielding correction trigger types, including: insufficient shielding triggering when the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range within the shielding period, but the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold; and excessive shielding triggering when the shielding period has not ended, but the VSWR has not exceeded the preset VSWR threshold range for a continuous preset period, and the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold. Based on the original shielding period corresponding to the duty cycle interval marker, a correction threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the shielding period, with insufficient shielding triggering corresponding to an extended correction threshold adjustment coefficient, and excessive shielding triggering corresponding to a shortened correction threshold adjustment coefficient. The VSWR is calculated in real time based on the collected forward power gating cumulative value and reflected power gating cumulative value, according to the VSWR calculation formula.

[0013] By adopting the above scheme, the duty cycle limit threshold adjustment trigger conditions, power anomaly judgment threshold adjustment trigger conditions, and VSWR shielding correction trigger conditions are set respectively. The duty cycle limit threshold, power anomaly judgment threshold, and shielding cycle are adaptively and dynamically adjusted, which improves the flexibility and accuracy of carbon dioxide laser protection control and enhances the adaptability and stability of the laser under different operating conditions and environments.

[0014] Preferably, the process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: using the inherent correlation between VSWR and forward power and reflected power, and verifying the authenticity of reflected power anomalies through joint analysis of VSWR; The verification process includes: when a reflected power anomaly flag appears, performing VSWR verification; if the VSWR exceeds a preset VSWR threshold range and no forward power anomaly flag appears, the reflected power anomaly is determined to be genuine; if the VSWR is within the preset VSWR threshold range and no forward power anomaly flag appears, it is determined to be an isolated false positive for reflected power, the reflected power anomaly flag is masked, the anomaly is marked as interference, and the reflected power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted; when no reflected power anomaly flag appears, but the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range, reverse verification is performed; retrieving the reflected power gating cumulative value for the most recent N periods, If the forward power gating cumulative value shows a gradual upward trend and the difference between the cumulative value and the reflection power anomaly judgment threshold is less than a preset difference, it is judged as a potential reflection power anomaly, and a reflection power anomaly trend warning flag is generated. If no reflection power anomaly flag appears, but a forward power cumulative value anomaly flag appears, it is judged that the forward power anomaly causes the VSWR anomaly, and the forward power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted. When neither the reflection power anomaly flag nor the forward power anomaly flag appears, but the VSWR fluctuation value exceeds the preset VSWR fluctuation threshold range, no power anomaly flag is output, but the VSWR fluctuation data is recorded.

[0015] By adopting the above scheme, the inherent correlation between VSWR and forward and reflected power is used for joint analysis, which can accurately verify the authenticity of reflected power anomalies, avoid anomaly indicators caused by isolated misjudgments, promptly detect potential reflected power anomalies, and adjust the power anomaly judgment threshold according to different situations, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of power detection and anomaly judgment.

[0016] Preferably, the fault classification process based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification includes: Configure a programmable counter for each status flag. When the count reaches a preset count threshold, output a continuous flag; otherwise, consider it transient. Define classification rules and obtain the combination logic for different fault categories. Among them, the combination logic for interference faults includes: a single status flag is transiently valid, with no related trend warning and no other flags linked abnormally; the combination logic for performance faults includes: any trend warning flag is valid and the corresponding status flag is not exceeded, or a certain status flag is continuously valid but has not reached the corresponding safety threshold, or multiple related flags appear simultaneously but the corresponding flag's exceedance value is less than the preset exceedance value; the combination logic for safety faults includes: a certain status flag or trend warning flag is continuously valid and exceeds the corresponding safety threshold, or multiple related flags are simultaneously continuously valid.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, based on the continuous status of status flags and trend warning flags, faults are accurately classified using causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification. Faults are divided into interference, performance, and safety categories, which helps to take more precise protection measures for different types of faults and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of fault handling.

[0018] Preferably, the fault level is determined by a five-dimensional assessment based on fault type, model or power rating, operating conditions, safety difficulty, and trend warning indicators. The process includes: The acquired fault type, the model or power level of the carbon dioxide laser and its operating conditions, the user-defined safety difficulty, and the output trend warning flags are all input into a pre-built neural network model to obtain the fault level; the fault level includes the first level, the second level, the third level, and the fourth level. Four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on fault level, model or power rating, operating conditions, and safety difficulty, adapting to differentiated protection actions including: An action mapping table is pre-constructed based on a combination of the acquired fault level, the model or power level and operating conditions of the CO2 laser, and the safety difficulty set by the user. According to the action mapping table, protection actions are acquired based on the currently acquired fault level, the model and operating conditions of the CO2 laser, and the safety difficulty set by the user.

[0019] By adopting the above scheme, a pre-built neural network model is used to determine the fault level in five dimensions, which can more accurately identify the severity of the fault in the carbon dioxide laser and classify the fault level in detail. Based on four-dimensional adaptation and action mapping table, differentiated protection actions are generated, which can provide precise and diversified protection for the laser according to different fault conditions, laser models, operating conditions and safety difficulties, thereby improving the safety and reliability of carbon dioxide laser operation.

[0020] Secondly, this application provides a carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection system, comprising: The information acquisition and monitoring module is used to complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including real-time measurement of the period, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser; synchronously acquire forward power detection information, reflected power detection information and temperature information of the carbon dioxide laser; and synchronously acquire the configuration parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including model, power level, operating conditions and safety difficulty. The safety collaborative protection module is used to perform multi-level coordinated protection control based on pulse width modulation signal parameter measurement results, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters. This multi-level coordinated protection control includes: acquiring laser status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration bit flags. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag. The trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification, fault classification is performed, and the current operating status is determined. Faults are categorized into interference faults, performance faults, or safety faults. Interference faults are transient, single anomalies without trend support; performance faults are anomalies with trend support or that are continuously effective but do not reach the safety threshold; and safety faults are those that exceed the safety threshold or have multiple parameters that are continuously abnormal. A five-dimensional judgment is made based on the fault type, model or power level, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning indicators to determine the fault level. A four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on the fault level, model or power level, operating condition, and safety difficulty to adapt differentiated protection actions, including warning, power reduction, hold, soft shutdown, or hard shutdown.

[0021] By adopting the above scheme, comprehensive parameter monitoring of the modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser and multi-level coordinated safety protection control can be achieved. Faults can be classified and graded, and differentiated protection actions can be generated. At the same time, lightweight hardware is used to implement logic processing to improve system operating efficiency and reliability.

[0022] Thirdly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when running, controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the method described above.

[0023] Fourthly, this application provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable thereon, the program being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0024] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. By measuring the period, frequency, pulse width, and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of a carbon dioxide laser in real time, and combining this with forward power, reflected power, temperature information, and configuration parameters, comprehensive monitoring of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser is achieved. Status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration bit flags are acquired, and fault classification is performed based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification. The fault level is determined by five-dimensional judgment based on fault type, model, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning flags, and differentiated protection actions are generated to achieve multi-level coordinated safety protection control, effectively improving the safety and reliability of laser operation. 2. Implement configurable duty cycle limiting protection, power detection and anomaly judgment, and adaptive VSWR shielding control. Accurately monitor whether parameters such as frequency, duty cycle, and power of the pulse width modulation signal of the CO2 laser are abnormal, generate corresponding anomaly flags in a timely manner, and perform adaptive shielding control on the VSWR to further optimize the signal monitoring and multi-level coordinated protection of the CO2 laser. Monitor and warn of the changing trends of the CO2 laser's duty cycle, power, and VSWR to achieve more comprehensive trend monitoring of the CO2 laser modulation signal and provide richer early warning information for multi-level coordinated protection. Dynamically adjust the duty cycle limiting threshold, power anomaly judgment threshold, and VSWR shielding period according to different triggering conditions, so that the CO2 laser can perform more precise safety protection control under different operating conditions, trend warnings, and ambient temperatures. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection method described in a specific embodiment; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the multi-level coordinated protection control process in the carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection method described in a specific embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection system described in a specific embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application discloses a method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser, including: signal parameter monitoring and safety protection control. The signal parameter monitoring involves real-time measurement of parameters such as the period, pulse width, and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal. The safety protection control, based on the monitoring results and combined with collected power detection, temperature detection information, and carbon dioxide laser configuration parameter information, performs multi-level protection judgments and control outputs, specifically including the following steps: S1. Complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, and simultaneously acquire the power detection information, temperature information and configuration parameter information of the carbon dioxide laser.

[0028] Specifically, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal parameter detection includes real-time measurement of the PWM signal's period, frequency, pulse width, and duty cycle. A period counter and corresponding registers are used to measure the period. The pulse period and frequency measurement results provide a time reference for subsequent pulse width measurement and a period reference value for duty cycle calculation. The following sections describe the pulse period and frequency measurement, pulse width measurement, and duty cycle calculation.

[0029] First, set up a periodic counter, which operates on the system clock (frequency ). Driven by the pulse width modulation signal, the current value of the period counter is continuously incremented. When the rising edge of the pulse width modulation signal is detected, the current value of the period counter is incremented. The value is saved to the period record register, and then the period counter is cleared and restarted; the counter difference between adjacent rising edges ( Multiplying the clock cycle by the period gives the period T. The period counter can be a common digital counter chip, such as a high-performance CMOS counter chip, and the period recording register can be implemented using static random access memory (SRAM).

[0030] To achieve frequency lower limit monitoring, an upper threshold is set for the cycle counter. When the cycle counter increments to the upper threshold, counting stops and remains at that threshold. By determining whether the cycle counter has reached the upper threshold, it is possible to identify whether the pulse frequency is lower than the minimum allowed frequency of the system. When the cycle counter reaches the upper threshold, a low frequency flag is generated.

[0031] Secondly, when the falling edge of the pulse width modulation signal is detected, the current value of the period counter is ( The value is saved to the pulse width temporary register, which represents the number of clock cycles between the rising and falling edges, i.e., the duration of the high-level pulse. When the next rising edge is detected, the value of the pulse width temporary register is transferred to the pulse width output register, completing one full pulse width measurement. The measured value is ( Multiply by the clock cycle to ensure that the output pulse width value corresponds to a complete pulse cycle.

[0032] Simultaneously, the output pulse signal undergoes the same pulse width measurement process. An output pulse width counter is set up, recording the count value on the falling edge of the output pulse and transferring the data on the rising edge to obtain the actual width value of the output pulse. This output pulse width value will be used subsequently for power detection gating window control and anomaly detection threshold calculation.

[0033] Then, using the measured period and pulse width values, the duty cycle is calculated and intervals are divided. Based on the period values ​​obtained from the above measurements, clock counting thresholds corresponding to different duty cycle percentages are calculated through shift and addition operations. The period value is right-shifted by multiple different numbers of bits to obtain a binary fraction of the period value. Then, the selected fraction results are added together to approximate the count value corresponding to the target percentage, and the thresholds corresponding to several duty cycle segment points are calculated in sequence. For example, taking a 50MHz reference clock and a target period value of 25000 as an example, to calculate a 10% duty cycle, the direct calculation value is: 25000 * 0.1 = 2500; shift approximation: right shift by 3 bits, divide by 2 to the power of 3, to obtain 3215; similarly, right shift by 4 bits, divide by 2 to the power of 4, to obtain 1562, and the summation combination is 2343, the final threshold is 2343; similarly, the target duty cycle is 40%, the final threshold is 10156; the target duty cycle is 75%, the final threshold is 18750.

[0034] The measured pulse width value is compared step-by-step with various duty cycle thresholds to determine the duty cycle interval to which the current pulse belongs. The pulse width value is compared with two adjacent thresholds; if the pulse width value is greater than the lower threshold but not greater than the higher threshold, the duty cycle is determined to fall within that interval, and a corresponding duty cycle interval flag is generated. The duty cycle interval is divided into multiple consecutive intervals from low to high, with each interval corresponding to an interval flag signal.

[0035] Furthermore, to obtain more accurate and precise pulse width modulation signal parameters, the original period counter can be retained as a coarse-time measurement unit, while a fine-time measurement unit can be added to measure the fine time interval between the PWM edge and the next rising edge of the system clock. For example, a delay chain can be constructed using the carry chain inside the FPGA, and the propagation delay of each delay unit can be measured. In the coarse-time measurement unit, the PWM signal is passed through a series of cascaded delay units. When the edge (rising or falling edge) of the PWM signal arrives, it propagates along the delay chain. When the next rising edge of the system clock arrives, all D flip-flops simultaneously latch the output of each delay unit. The latched result is a thermometer code, where the number of "1"s represents the number of delay units the edge has propagated through in the clock cycle. The thermometer code is converted into a binary number by an encoder, thus providing the fine-time measurement of the edge relative to the rising edge of the clock. Therefore, for a certain edge event in PWM, after the edge arrives, through certain combinational logic, a coarse counter value can be obtained at the next rising clock edge. and The absolute time of edge occurrence is: Correspondingly, periodic measurement: Pulse width measurement .

[0036] Specifically, the forward power, reflected power, and temperature information of the carbon dioxide laser are acquired simultaneously. The forward and reflected power information can be obtained using a power detection probe or a high-speed response sensor to monitor the laser's forward and reflected power in real time and convert the detection signals into electrical signals for transmission to subsequent processing circuits. The temperature information can be acquired using a temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple or thermistor, to accurately measure the laser's temperature and convert the temperature signal into an electrical signal.

[0037] Specifically, the configuration parameters of the carbon dioxide laser are acquired synchronously, including model, power level, operating conditions, and safety threshold. Different model numbers represent different laser types (e.g., axial fast current, RF slab, etc.); power level configurations include low power, medium power, or high power; operating condition configurations include continuous, pulsed, or debugging modes; and safety threshold configurations include user-defined safety sensitivity levels: low, medium, and high. These configuration parameters can be obtained through a programming interface or a communication interface, such as using a serial communication interface to transmit the configuration parameters to a microcontroller for processing.

[0038] S2. Based on the measurement results of pulse width modulation signal parameters, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters, multi-level coordinated protection control is performed.

[0039] Specifically, the multi-level collaborative protection control includes: configurable duty cycle limiting protection, power detection and anomaly judgment, adaptive VSWR shielding control, and other single protection functions, as well as logical combinations of status information obtained from single protection functions (frequency too low flag, duty cycle anomaly flag, power anomaly flag, shielding status flag, pulse width status, temperature status, system enable status) to classify faults, determine fault levels, and thus adapt protection actions to complete multi-channel protection outputs. All logical processing involved in the multi-level collaborative protection control can be implemented using lightweight hardware employing combinational and sequential logic. Figure 2 As shown below, the steps of multi-level coordinated protection and control are explained in detail.

[0040] S21. Obtain the status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration bit flags of the laser. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, pulse width status flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag.

[0041] First, obtain the status flags of the laser.

[0042] Specifically, the low frequency flag is obtained by, as mentioned above, using a period counter to measure the time interval between the rising edges of adjacent pulses to detect signal parameters, setting an upper limit threshold for the period counter, and generating a low frequency flag when the period counter reaches the preset upper limit threshold.

[0043] Specifically, a duty cycle anomaly flag is generated by implementing configurable duty cycle limit protection. Specifically, based on the level combination status (external configuration signal) of the external configuration port, the currently applicable limit threshold is selected from multiple preset duty cycle limit levels. Different level combinations of the configuration port correspond to different limit levels, and each level corresponds to a duty cycle threshold calculated above. For example, if the level combination of the external configuration port (such as a 2-bit GPIO) is selected with preset duty cycle thresholds, and the configured levels are 00, 01, 10, and 11, the corresponding preset duty cycle thresholds are 10%, 25%, 40%, and 75%.

[0044] Based on the external configuration signal, a suitable duty cycle limit threshold of 10% is selected. The measured pulse width value is compared with the selected limit threshold. If the measured pulse width exceeds the selected duty cycle limit threshold, the over-limit comparison result is shifted into the duty cycle determination buffer register. The duty cycle determination buffer register adopts a shift structure. Each time a rising edge is detected, the current comparison result is shifted into the least significant bit of the register, while the historical results are shifted sequentially to the higher bits. Logical operations are performed on all bits in the buffer register. When any bit in the buffer register indicates an over-limit, a duty cycle exception flag is generated. For example, if the configuration level is selected as 10, corresponding to a 40% threshold of 10156, the initial value of the 4-bit shifted buffer register is 0000. The corresponding execution process is shown in Table 1 below. Table 1

[0045] It can be seen that the first time the limit is exceeded: the pulse width of the second cycle is 1020010156, the cache becomes 0001, and the abnormal flag is triggered; the continuous limit exceedance occurs: the cache is updated to 0011 in subsequent cycles. 0111, the anomaly flag remains active; if the subsequent pulse width reduction threshold is reached, the cache size becomes 110. 1100 …The anomaly will be resolved after all records exceeding the limit are removed.

[0046] Specifically, power detection and anomaly determination are performed to obtain power anomaly flags. Specifically, using the rising edge of the pulse as the determination time, the forward and reflected power detection signals are gated, accumulated, and filtered for determination; the determination result is used for subsequent shielding control judgment.

[0047] Taking forward power detection as an example, the signal at the forward power detection port is gated and sampled. A forward power accumulation counter is set, which increments only when the forward power detection signal indicates an abnormal state during the valid period of the output pulse; it remains unchanged during the invalid period of the output pulse or when the forward power is normal. When the rising edge of the pulse is detected, the value of the forward power accumulation counter is compared with half of the measured output pulse width. If the accumulated value is less than half of the output pulse width, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the forward power within this cycle. The comparison result is shifted into the forward power determination buffer register, and then the accumulation counter is cleared to prepare for the next cycle. The forward power determination buffer register uses the same shift filter structure as described above. When any bit in the buffer register indicates normality, a forward power normal flag is generated; otherwise, a forward power abnormal flag is generated.

[0048] Correspondingly, the reflected power detection adopts the same gated accumulation and filtering decision architecture, and performs corresponding logical processing based on the signal polarity characteristics of the reflected power detection port to generate a reflected power status flag.

[0049] Specifically, adaptive VSWR shielding control is executed to obtain the shielding status flag. Specifically, a shielding cycle counter is set to control the duration of the VSWR protection action. Upon each detected rising edge of a pulse, the shielding cycle counter is first checked to see if it is zero. If the shielding cycle counter is not zero, it indicates that the system is in a protective shielding period, and the counter value is decremented by 1. If the shielding cycle counter is zero, the combined state of the aforementioned forward power flag and reflected power flag is further determined.

[0050] When there is an anomaly in the forward or reflected power, the number of shielding cycles is determined based on the aforementioned current duty cycle interval flag. Different duty cycle intervals correspond to different initial shielding cycle values; the higher the duty cycle, the more shielding cycles are required. The determined number of shielding cycles is loaded into the shielding cycle counter, and the protection shielding timing begins. The state of the shielding cycle counter is used to control the generation of the VSWR limiting signal. When the counter is not zero, a limiting signal is output during the valid pulse output period to limit the laser's power output; until the counter returns to zero, a valid shielding status flag is generated before the shielding cycle counter decrements to zero.

[0051] In addition, the pulse width status flag compares the measured pulse width value with the pulse width set value to determine whether the current pulse width deviates from the pulse width set value. A pulse width status flag is generated based on the deviation result, including normal and slight deviation. 5%) and serious deviations ( Enable states include: enabled or disabled; The temperature status flag compares the current measured temperature with a set temperature threshold to determine whether the current temperature exceeds the threshold. A corresponding temperature status flag is generated based on the result: Normal or Abnormal. Different comparison thresholds can be set for each of these status flags to generate flags indicating different levels of abnormality.

[0052] Based on the output of the aforementioned status flags, corresponding protection output signals can be obtained, such as: Duty cycle limit output signal: directly generated based on the comparison between the pulse width and the selected limit threshold. A normal signal is output when the pulse width does not exceed the limit threshold, and a duty cycle limit signal is output when the pulse width exceeds the limit threshold. VSWR limit output signal: generated based on the combination of the shielding cycle counter status and the power flag. A limit signal is output during shielding when the pulse output is valid, and a normal signal is output when the power is normal and shielding ends. Temperature protection output signal: directly generated based on the level status of the external temperature detection port. Multiple status indicator output ports are set up, each connected to an indicator device, reflecting the forward power status, reflected power status, temperature status, pulse width status, duty cycle status, and signal frequency status, facilitating operation monitoring and fault location.

[0053] Secondly, obtain trend warning indicators for lasers.

[0054] Based on the aforementioned obtained status flags, to further ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the integrated alarm output signal in the multi-channel protection output, potential risk warning information also needs to be considered. Therefore, trend calculations are performed on the parameters obtained from a single protection device to obtain the corresponding trend warning flags for each parameter, which are then logically combined synchronously. These trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter; each trend warning flag is described in detail below.

[0055] Specifically, the process of obtaining an abnormal duty cycle trend warning flag includes: caching the duty cycle measurement values ​​for the current period and the previous few periods (e.g., four consecutive periods), calculating the duty cycle change rate; setting a duty cycle change threshold per unit time; comparing the calculated duty cycle change rate with the duty cycle change threshold; moving the result of the duty cycle change rate exceeding the limit into another duty cycle determination cache register; and generating an abnormal duty cycle trend warning flag through logical OR.

[0056] Specifically, the process includes acquiring power anomaly trend warning flags (including forward / reflected power anomaly trend warning flags). During power detection and anomaly determination, the process also includes: after gated accumulation of the forward / reflected power anomaly signal during the pulse's effective period, adding a FIFO shift register of depth N (8 or 16) after the original gated accumulator; and recording the anomaly duration of the current pulse period at the end of each pulse cycle. Write to the FIFO while maintaining an accumulator sum= Each time a cycle is updated, the accumulator is subtracted from the oldest value and added to the latest value to calculate the moving average. ; Perform a moving average of the abnormal duration over multiple consecutive pulse cycles, and calculate the rate of change of the moving average. When the rate of change of the moving average If the rate of change exceeds the preset moving average multiple times, a warning sign for abnormal forward / reflected power trends will be generated.

[0057] Specifically, the process of obtaining an abnormal shielding trend warning flag includes the following steps during the adaptive VSWR shielding control process: During the shielding period, the reflected power is continuously sampled, and the rate of change of the reflected power is calculated. When the rate of change of the reflected power exceeds a preset threshold, an abnormal shielding trend warning flag is generated. This flag indicates that the reflected power is continuously rising and there is a potential risk, thus issuing a warning to adjust the next shielding cycle in advance.

[0058] In addition, trend warning indicators for other parameters are also acquired. For example, for temperature trend warnings, the rate of temperature change per unit time is acquired and it is determined whether it exceeds a preset temperature change rate threshold. If it does, a corresponding temperature abnormality trend warning indicator is generated. Another example is pulse width status warnings, which acquire the pulse width deviation values ​​for the current period and the previous few periods. If the increase in pulse width deviation values ​​over multiple consecutive periods exceeds a preset increment threshold, a corresponding pulse width deviation trend warning is generated. For all the above trend warning indicators, different rate of change comparison thresholds can be set to generate trend warning indicators with different levels of urgency.

[0059] Third, obtain the configuration bit flag of the laser.

[0060] To flexibly adapt to different scenarios, corresponding configuration bit flags are obtained based on configuration parameters, with synchronization as the logical combination. Specifically, corresponding configuration bits are adapted for configuration parameters, such as: Type: 00 Axis Fast Current, 01 RF Strip, 10 Cross Current, 11 Reserved; Power Level: 00 Low Power Level, 01 Medium Power Level, 10 High Power Level; Operating Mode: 00 Continuous, 01 Pulse, 10 Debug; Safety: 00 Low Sensitivity, 01 Medium, 10 High.

[0061] S22. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage and trend verification, classify faults and categorize the current operating status into interference faults, performance faults or safety faults.

[0062] Specifically, the acquisition of the comprehensive alarm output signal involves logically combining the system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, pulse width status, and temperature status. An alarm signal is output when the enable is invalid; a normal signal is output when the enable is valid and all monitored items are normal; and an alarm signal is output and an audible alarm is activated when any monitored item is abnormal. However, to enable timely protection control based on the comprehensive alarm output signal, fault classification is performed directly on the above logical combination to determine the fault level and thus adapt the protection action output. For the operating status of the carbon dioxide laser, classification is mainly based on the abnormal duration, abnormal causal logic, multi-signal correlation, and trend support, implemented through combinational logic and a counter. The main fault classifications involve categorizing faults into interference faults, performance faults, or safety faults. Users can choose between a comprehensive output signal or a single parameter output signal as needed. The fault classification logic is explained in detail below.

[0063] Firstly, preprocessing is performed to prevent malfunctions caused by a single abnormality, and continuous anomaly detection is implemented. A programmable counter is configured for each status flag. If the flag is valid in each cycle, it is incremented; otherwise, it is cleared. When the count reaches a preset counting threshold, a continuous flag is output; otherwise, it is considered transient.

[0064] Secondly, set classification rules and obtain the combination logic for different fault classifications.

[0065] Interference-type faults are generally transient, single anomalies without trend support. Therefore, the combinational logic for interference-type faults includes: a single status flag is transiently valid, with no related trend warnings and no other flags exhibiting linked anomalies. Linked flags refer to other flags associated with the current flag, determined based on causal logic. For example: a single existing status flag is 1 (anomaly), and all other existing status flags are 0, with a trend warning flag of 0 (no abnormal trend); a single trend warning flag is 1 (abnormal trend), and the corresponding existing status flag is 0, with all other status flags and trend warning flags being 0.

[0066] Performance-related faults generally involve anomalies that are supported by trends or remain valid but do not reach a safety threshold. Therefore, the combined logic for setting performance-related faults includes: any trend warning flag is valid and the corresponding status flag is not exceeded, or a certain status flag remains valid but does not reach the corresponding safety threshold (i.e., a single signal is continuously abnormal or the trend warning display shows an abnormality that continues to escalate, but does not involve core safety risks), or multiple related flags appear at the same time but the corresponding flag's exceedance value is less than the preset exceedance value (multiple signal linkage anomalies but with a minor degree).

[0067] Safety-related faults generally occur when a safety threshold is exceeded or multiple parameters remain abnormal. Therefore, the combined logic for setting safety-related faults includes: a certain status flag or trend warning remaining valid and exceeding the corresponding safety threshold (i.e., severe anomaly), or multiple related flags remaining valid simultaneously (linked anomaly). For example: severe temperature anomaly (Temp_Err=2), or slight temperature anomaly (Temp_Err=1) and Temp_Trend=1 (temperature continuously rising), lasting for 3 cycles.

[0068] S23. Based on the fault type, model or power level, operating conditions, safety difficulty, and trend warning signs, a five-dimensional judgment is made to determine the fault level.

[0069] Specifically, the acquired fault type, CO2 laser model or power level and operating condition, user-defined safety difficulty, and output trend warning indicators are all input into a pre-built neural network model to obtain the fault level; the fault level includes a first level, a second level, a third level, and a fourth level. The neural network model's inputs are the fault type, CO2 laser model or power level and operating condition, user-defined safety difficulty, and output trend warning indicators; the output is the fault level. This model is generated through training using historical fault types, CO2 laser model or power level and operating condition, user-defined safety difficulty, output trend warning indicators, and corresponding labeled fault levels.

[0070] S24. Perform four-dimensional adaptation based on fault level, model or power level, operating conditions and safety difficulty to generate differentiated protection actions.

[0071] Specifically, an action mapping table is pre-constructed based on a combination of the acquired fault level, the model and operating condition of the CO2 laser, and the user-defined safety difficulty. According to the action mapping table, protection actions are acquired based on the currently acquired fault level, the model and operating condition of the CO2 laser, and the user-defined safety difficulty. The protection actions in the action mapping table specifically include: no action (0), warning (1, e.g., yellow light; log recording), power reduction (2, enabling power reduction, amplitude and rate determined by parameters), hold (3, locking the current power setting), soft shutdown (4, disabling PWM), or hard shutdown (5, cutting off the main relay).

[0072] The above-mentioned different combinations of logic adapt to different protection actions. The specific matching process can be as follows: A base level is preset and set according to the fault type, such as: interference type 0, performance type 2, safety type 4; then it is corrected according to the model / power level. For example, for axial fast current sensitive to reflection: if the fault involves reflection, the base level +1; for RF strip sensitive to pulse width: if the fault involves pulse width, the base level +1. A sensitivity mapping table for each model can be pre-stored. For power levels, such as: low power 0, medium power +1, high power +2; then operating condition correction: continuous mode 0, pulse mode -1, debugging mode -2; then safety difficulty correction: low -1, medium 0, high +1; finally, trend warning correction: if there is a trend warning and a fault has already occurred, then +1; if there is a trend warning but no fault, the performance type may be triggered separately, which is already reflected in the base level; if there is no trend warning, then 0.

[0073] By employing the method described in the above embodiments, comprehensive parameter monitoring of the pulse width modulation signal of a carbon dioxide laser can be achieved, while acquiring various operational information and using a multi-level coordinated protection and control strategy to protect the laser.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, to further improve the safety and stability of carbon dioxide laser operation, the duty cycle limit threshold, power anomaly judgment threshold, and VSWR shielding period are dynamically adjusted based on configuration parameters, trend warning indicators, and temperature, making protection control more flexible and precise. The method also includes: acquiring the laser's status flags further includes: First, based on changes in laser operating conditions (such as output power adjustment and operating mode switching), environmental factors (such as temperature changes), and trend prediction results, the duty cycle limit threshold is dynamically adjusted to avoid false alarms caused by a mismatch between the fixed threshold and the actual operating conditions. The configurable duty cycle limit protection process also includes: The duty cycle limit threshold adjustment trigger conditions are set, including: operating condition switching trigger, trend pre-limit trigger, and temperature change trigger; that is: when the operating condition in the external configuration parameters changes, the threshold adjustment is immediately initiated; when the parameter corresponding to the trend warning flag shows a continuous upward / downward trend, and the trend prediction value continues to approach the preset threshold of the corresponding parameter, the threshold adjustment is initiated; when the temperature change exceeds the preset temperature change threshold, the threshold adjustment is initiated; while retaining the original multiple duty cycle limit thresholds generated by displacement and addition operations, a first threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the duty cycle limit threshold, and different first threshold adjustment coefficients are set for different trigger conditions; specifically, when the operating condition is triggered, the corresponding first threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.1-1.2; when the trend pre-limit is triggered, the corresponding first threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.05-1.1; when the temperature change is triggered, the corresponding first threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.05-1.1.

[0075] Secondly, based on changes in laser operating conditions, environmental factors, and multi-cycle sliding statistical results, the judgment threshold is dynamically adjusted to avoid false alarms caused by a mismatch between the fixed threshold and the actual operating conditions. The power detection and anomaly judgment process also includes: The trigger conditions for adjusting the power anomaly judgment threshold are set, including: operating condition switching trigger in the configuration parameters, continuous anomaly trigger in the statistical power, and temperature change trigger. Specifically, threshold adjustment is initiated immediately when the operating condition in the external configuration parameters changes; threshold adjustment is initiated when the multi-cycle sliding statistical power is abnormal for N consecutive windows; and threshold adjustment is initiated when the temperature change exceeds the preset temperature change threshold. While retaining the basic power anomaly judgment threshold as half the measurement pulse width value, a second threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the basic power anomaly judgment threshold, and different trigger conditions correspond to... Different second threshold adjustment coefficients are set; among them, for forward power: when triggered by the operating condition, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.1-1.2; when triggered by continuous abnormal statistical power, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.05-1.1; when triggered by sudden temperature change, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 1.05-1.1; for reflected power: when triggered by the operating condition, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 0.8-0.9; when triggered by continuous abnormal statistical power, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 0.9-0.95; when triggered by sudden temperature change, the corresponding second threshold adjustment coefficient is 0.9-0.95.

[0076] Then, based on real-time VSWR data and duty cycle fluctuations, the "duty cycle range" was analyzed. The mapping relationship of "fixed shielding period" is dynamically corrected. During the adaptive VSWR shielding control process, the following is also included: setting VSWR shielding correction trigger types, including: Scenario 1: Detection of insufficient shielding (shielding needs to be extended) when the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range within the shielding period, but the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold (5%); Scenario 2: Detection of excessive shielding (shielding needs to be shortened) when the shielding period has not ended, but the VSWR does not exceed the preset VSWR threshold range for two consecutive preset periods, and the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold; Based on the original shielding period corresponding to the duty cycle interval marker, a new adjustment coefficient for extending or shortening the correction threshold is added to dynamically adjust the shielding period. The insufficient shielding trigger corresponds to the extended correction threshold adjustment coefficient (1.2), and the excessive shielding trigger corresponds to the shortened correction threshold adjustment coefficient (0.8). The VSWR is calculated in real-time based on the collected forward power gating cumulative value and reflected power gating cumulative value, according to the VSWR calculation formula.

[0077] Furthermore, the adaptive VSWR shielding control also includes: real-time monitoring of the SWR status during the shielding period; if it is determined that shielding is no longer necessary, the counter counting is terminated early and SWR detection is resumed; wherein, the conditions for meeting the condition that shielding is no longer necessary include: the SWR value is stable within the normal range, and the duty cycle has no significant fluctuation (fluctuation) (3%), forward / reflection power is normal.

[0078] A specific embodiment addresses the problem of isolated forward / reflection power detection in existing architectures, improving the accuracy of power anomaly detection and more precisely recording VSWR fluctuation data; the method further includes: The power detection and anomaly determination process also includes: utilizing the inherent correlation between VSWR and forward and reflected power, and verifying the authenticity of reflected power anomalies through joint VSWR analysis; where, VSWR = ( ) / ( The specific verification process includes: First, when an abnormal reflected power indicator appears, a standing wave ratio (SWR) verification is performed. Specifically, if the SWR exceeds the preset SWR threshold range (…),… If no forward power anomaly indicator appears (forward power detection is positive, and multi-cycle statistics show no anomalies), the reflected power anomaly is determined to be genuine; if the VSWR is within the preset VSWR threshold range (1.0-1.5) and no forward power anomaly indicator appears, it is determined to be an isolated misjudgment of reflected power, the reflected power anomaly indicator is blocked, the anomaly is marked as interference, and the reflected power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted.

[0079] Secondly, if no reflection power anomaly indicator appears, but the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range, reverse verification is performed. Specifically, the reflection power gating cumulative value and forward power gating cumulative value of the most recent N periods (the closest to the current period) are retrieved. If the reflection power cumulative value is determined to show a gradual upward trend, and the difference between it and the reflection power anomaly judgment threshold is less than the preset difference, it is determined to be a potential reflection power anomaly, and a reflection power anomaly trend warning indicator is triggered. If no reflection power anomaly indicator appears, but a forward power cumulative value anomaly indicator appears, it is determined that the forward power anomaly causes the VSWR anomaly, the forward power anomaly indicator is confirmed, and the forward power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted.

[0080] Third, if no abnormal reflected power or abnormal forward power indicator appears, but the VSWR fluctuation value exceeds the preset VSWR fluctuation threshold range, the VSWR is judged to be unstable. No abnormal power indicator is output, but the VSWR fluctuation data is recorded for subsequent fault investigation to avoid missing potential faults.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, this application discloses a carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and safety protection system, comprising: The information acquisition and monitoring module 100 is used to complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including real-time measurement of the period, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser; synchronously acquire forward power detection information, reflected power detection information and temperature information of the carbon dioxide laser; and synchronously acquire the configuration parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including model, power level, operating conditions and safety difficulty. The safety collaborative protection module 200 is used to perform multi-level coordinated protection control based on pulse width modulation signal parameter measurement results, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters. The multi-level coordinated protection control includes: acquiring the laser's status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration bit flags. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag. The trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification, fault classification is performed, and the current operating state is categorized as interference fault, performance fault, or safety fault. A five-dimensional judgment is performed based on fault type, model or power level, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning flags to determine the fault level. A four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on the fault level, model or power level, operating condition, and safety difficulty to adapt differentiated protection actions, including warning, power reduction, hold, soft shutdown, or hard shutdown.

[0082] This application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium.

[0083] Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executed, such as the carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and security protection method described above. The computer-readable storage medium includes, for example, various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0084] This application also discloses a computer device.

[0085] Specifically, the computer device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory stores a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and executed to perform the aforementioned carbon dioxide laser signal monitoring and security protection method.

[0086] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is only one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

Claims

1. A method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser, characterized in that, include: Complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of carbon dioxide laser, including real-time measurement of the period, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of carbon dioxide laser; simultaneously acquire forward power detection information, reflected power detection information and temperature information of carbon dioxide laser; Simultaneously acquire the configuration parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including model, power level, operating conditions, and safety level. Based on the measurement results of pulse width modulation signal parameters, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters, multi-level coordinated protection control is performed. The multi-level collaborative protection and control includes: The system acquires the laser's status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration flags. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag. The trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification, the system classifies faults and categorizes the current operating state into interference faults, performance faults, or safety faults. A five-dimensional judgment is performed based on fault type, model or power level, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning flags to determine the fault level. A four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on the fault level, model or power level, operating condition, and safety difficulty to adapt differentiated protection actions, including warning, power reduction, hold, soft shutdown, or hard shutdown. All logic processing is implemented in lightweight hardware using combinational and sequential logic.

2. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the status flags of the laser includes: Based on the signal parameter detection by measuring the time interval between the rising edges of adjacent pulses using a period counter, an upper limit threshold for the period counter is set. When the period counter reaches the preset upper limit threshold, a low frequency flag is generated. Execute configurable duty cycle limit protection, including: selecting an appropriate duty cycle limit threshold according to an external configuration signal, and each external configuration signal has an appropriate duty cycle limit threshold; comparing and determining that the current measurement pulse width exceeds the selected duty cycle limit threshold, shifting the comparison result into the duty cycle determination buffer register, and generating a duty cycle abnormality flag if any bit of the buffer register has an over-limit flag; Perform power detection and anomaly determination, including: gating and accumulating forward / reflection power anomaly signals during the pulse validity period, and generating a forward / reflection power anomaly flag when the accumulated value is less than half of the measured pulse width value; The adaptive VSWR shielding control includes: setting a shielding period counter; determining the current duty cycle interval flag and determining the initial value of the shielding period based on the current duty cycle interval flag; continuously outputting a VSWR limit signal when the shielding period counter is non-zero until the counter returns to zero; and generating a valid shielding status flag before the shielding period counter decreases to zero.

3. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining trend warning indicators includes: The process of implementing configurable duty cycle limit protection also includes: caching the duty cycle measurement values ​​of the current period and the previous few periods, calculating the duty cycle change rate; setting the duty cycle change threshold per unit time, comparing the calculated duty cycle change rate with the duty cycle change threshold, moving the duty cycle change rate exceeding the limit result into another duty cycle determination cache register, and generating a duty cycle abnormal trend warning flag through logical OR. The process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: when the forward / reflection power anomaly signal is gated and accumulated during the pulse validity period, the abnormal duration of multiple consecutive pulse cycles is averaged and the rate of change of the average is calculated. When the rate of change of the average is greater than the preset rate of change of the average multiple times, a forward / reflection power anomaly trend warning flag is triggered. The adaptive VSWR shielding control process also includes: during the shielding period, continuing to sample the reflected power and calculating the rate of change of the reflected power; when the rate of change of the reflected power is greater than the preset rate of change of the reflected power threshold, generating an early warning sign of abnormal shielding trend.

4. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 1, characterized in that, Acquiring the status flags of the laser also includes: The process of implementing configurable duty cycle limit protection also includes: setting duty cycle limit threshold adjustment trigger conditions, including: working condition switching trigger, trend pre-limit trigger, and temperature change trigger in the configuration parameters; while retaining the original multiple duty cycle limit thresholds generated by displacement calculation and addition calculation, a first threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the duty cycle limit threshold, and different first threshold adjustment coefficients are set for different trigger conditions. The process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: setting the trigger conditions for adjusting the power anomaly judgment threshold, including: working condition switching trigger, continuous power anomaly trigger, and temperature change trigger in the configuration parameters; on the basis of keeping the basic power anomaly judgment threshold set to half of the measurement pulse width value, a second threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the basic power anomaly judgment threshold, and different second threshold adjustment coefficients are set for different trigger conditions. The adaptive VSWR shielding control process also includes: setting VSWR shielding correction trigger types, including: insufficient shielding triggering when the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range within the shielding period, but the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold; and excessive shielding triggering when the shielding period has not ended, but the VSWR has not exceeded the preset VSWR threshold range for a continuous preset period, and the duty cycle fluctuation is less than the preset fluctuation threshold. Based on the original shielding period corresponding to the duty cycle interval marker, a correction threshold adjustment coefficient is added to dynamically adjust the shielding period, with insufficient shielding triggering corresponding to an extended correction threshold adjustment coefficient, and excessive shielding triggering corresponding to a shortened correction threshold adjustment coefficient. The VSWR is calculated in real time based on the collected forward power gating cumulative value and reflected power gating cumulative value, according to the VSWR calculation formula.

5. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of power detection and anomaly determination also includes: using the inherent relationship between VSWR and forward power and reflected power, and verifying the authenticity of reflected power anomalies through joint analysis of VSWR; The verification process includes: when a reflected power anomaly flag appears, performing VSWR verification; if the VSWR exceeds a preset VSWR threshold range and no forward power anomaly flag appears, the reflected power anomaly is determined to be genuine; if the VSWR is within the preset VSWR threshold range and no forward power anomaly flag appears, it is determined to be an isolated false positive for reflected power, the reflected power anomaly flag is masked, the anomaly is marked as interference, and the reflected power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted; when no reflected power anomaly flag appears, but the VSWR exceeds the preset VSWR threshold range, reverse verification is performed; retrieving the reflected power gating cumulative value for the most recent N periods, If the forward power gating cumulative value shows a gradual upward trend and the difference between the cumulative value and the reflection power anomaly judgment threshold is less than a preset difference, it is judged as a potential reflection power anomaly, and a reflection power anomaly trend warning flag is generated. If no reflection power anomaly flag appears, but a forward power cumulative value anomaly flag appears, it is judged that the forward power anomaly causes the VSWR anomaly, and the forward power anomaly judgment threshold is adjusted. When neither the reflection power anomaly flag nor the forward power anomaly flag appears, but the VSWR fluctuation value exceeds the preset VSWR fluctuation threshold range, no power anomaly flag is output, but the VSWR fluctuation data is recorded.

6. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of fault classification based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification includes: Configure a programmable counter for each status flag. When the count reaches a preset count threshold, output a continuous flag; otherwise, consider it transient. Define classification rules and obtain the combination logic for different fault categories. Among them, the combination logic for interference faults includes: a single status flag is transiently valid, with no related trend warning and no other flags linked abnormally; the combination logic for performance faults includes: any trend warning flag is valid and the corresponding status flag is not exceeded, or a certain status flag is continuously valid but has not reached the corresponding safety threshold, or multiple related flags appear simultaneously but the corresponding flag's exceedance value is less than the preset exceedance value; the combination logic for safety faults includes: a certain status flag or trend warning flag is continuously valid and exceeds the corresponding safety threshold, or multiple related flags are simultaneously continuously valid.

7. The method for signal monitoring and safety protection of a carbon dioxide laser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fault level is determined through a five-dimensional assessment based on fault type, model or power rating, operating conditions, safety difficulty, and trend warning indicators. The process includes: The acquired fault type, the model or power level of the carbon dioxide laser and its operating conditions, the user-defined safety difficulty, and the output trend warning flags are all input into a pre-built neural network model to obtain the fault level; the fault level includes the first level, the second level, the third level, and the fourth level. Four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on fault level, model or power rating, operating conditions, and safety difficulty, adapting to differentiated protection actions including: An action mapping table is pre-constructed based on a combination of the acquired fault level, the model or power level and operating conditions of the CO2 laser, and the safety difficulty set by the user. According to the action mapping table, protection actions are acquired based on the currently acquired fault level, the model and operating conditions of the CO2 laser, and the safety difficulty set by the user.

8. A signal monitoring and safety protection system for a carbon dioxide laser, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition and monitoring module is used to complete the detection of pulse width modulation signal parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including real-time measurement of the period, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal of the carbon dioxide laser; synchronously acquire forward power detection information, reflected power detection information and temperature information of the carbon dioxide laser; and synchronously acquire the configuration parameters of the carbon dioxide laser, including model, power level, operating conditions and safety difficulty. The safety collaborative protection module is used to perform multi-level coordinated protection control based on the measurement results of pulse width modulation signal parameters, power detection information, temperature information, and configuration parameters. The multi-level collaborative protection and control includes: acquiring the laser's status flags, trend warning flags, and configuration bit flags. The status flags include system enable status, low frequency flag, abnormal duty cycle flag, abnormal power flag, shielding status flag, and temperature status flag. The trend warning flags include trend warnings corresponding to each parameter. Based on causal logic, multi-signal linkage, and trend verification, fault classification is performed, and the current operating status is categorized as interference faults, performance faults, or safety faults. Five-dimensional judgment is performed based on fault type, model or power level, operating condition, safety difficulty, and trend warning flags to determine the fault level. Four-dimensional adaptation is performed based on fault level, model or power level, operating condition, and safety difficulty to adapt differentiated protection actions. The protection actions include warning, power reduction, hold, soft shutdown, or hard shutdown.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device on which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in and executable on the memory, the program being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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