Photonic waveguide grid arrangement and field programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) comprising the arrangement

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photonic waveguide mesh arrangement of a field programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), comprising: a plurality of hexagonal or quadrangular cells; and a plurality of defect cells or a plurality of split cells; wherein the length of the edges of the defect cells or split cells is greater than or less than L.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, and more particularly to the field of programmable integrated photonics (PIP).

[0002] One object of the present invention is a photonic waveguide grid arrangement for improving the characteristics of field-programmable photonic gate arrays (FPPGAs).

[0003] Another object of the present invention is a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) comprising a photonic waveguide grid arrangement. Background Technology

[0004] Programmable integrated photonics (PIP) is an emerging paradigm that aims to design general-purpose integrated optical hardware resource configurations that can achieve a wide range of unrestricted functions through appropriate programming.

[0005] Recently, field-programmable photonic gate arrays (FPPGAs) have been introduced into existing technologies.

[0006] The basic principle of FPPGA is similar to that of FPGA in electronic devices; that is, a general-purpose hardware is designed to provide several resources that can be programmed to perform different functions. However, FPPGA differs from FPGA in that it does not perform digital logic operations. Instead, it uses optical interference to perform very high-speed analog calculations on the phase and amplitude of optical signals in a controlled environment.

[0007] Figure 1 The overall layout of the FPPGA device is shown. Furthermore, a detailed description of the technology stack and silicon photonic programmable core is provided as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0008] FPPGA features a programmable photonic core driven and monitored by control and RF electronics, optics, and RF input / output ports. Users access photonic functions through software algorithms and programming layers.

[0009] However, the typical achievable length and propagation delay in the cell units of the programmable photonic waveguide mesh of FFPGA are fixed, which limits the flexibility of the spectral and temporal response of the circuits that can be implemented. Summary of the Invention

[0010] FFPGA features a programmable photonic waveguide mesh. The photonic waveguide mesh has a regular and periodic geometry formed by replicating unit cells.

[0011] Typically, these cells are rectangular or hexagonal in form, where each side of the cell is formed by two integrated waveguides connected by a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which can be operated by outputting a control signal as a cross switch or as a variable coupler with independent power distribution ratios and phase shifts. Additional elements of the photonic core are high-performance blocks (HPBs), which are specific circuits that cannot be integrated into the grid, such as sources, modulators, and detectors.

[0012] A typical realizable cell in silicon photonics has a side length L of approximately 450 mm. s It provides a propagation delay of approximately 11.5 picoseconds T. s These values ​​are fixed, which limits the flexibility of the spectral and time-domain responses of the circuits that can be implemented.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention aims to develop and demonstrate a solution to overcome the limited flexibility of the spectral period and sampling time values ​​that FPPGA can provide by providing a photonic core through a photonic waveguide grid arrangement, thereby overcoming the aforementioned limitations and being easily integrated into existing grid designs.

[0014] Therefore, the proposed solution involves embedding defect cells into a uniform 2D hexagonal or rectangular waveguide mesh. These defect cells are compatible and easily integrated into the uniform waveguide mesh.

[0015] This invention relates to photonic waveguide mesh arrangements incorporating defective cells. Four different methods are defined.

[0016] In the first method, the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention includes a plurality of hexagonal cells and a plurality of defect cells.

[0017] A hexagonal cell consists of two right sides of length L, one top side of length L, one bottom side of length L, and two left sides of length L.

[0018] The defective cell includes two right sides of length L, each of which is parallel to each of the two right sides of the hexagonal cell or each of the two left sides of the hexagonal cell; one side parallel to the top side of the hexagonal cell; one side parallel to the bottom side of the hexagonal cell; and two left sides of length L, each of which is parallel to each of the two right sides of the hexagonal cell or each of the two left sides of the hexagonal cell.

[0019] In the defect cell, the lengths of the top and bottom edges of the defect cell can be greater than or less than L, thus solving the problem of spectral limitation.

[0020] The inclusions of defective cells solve the problem of spectral period limitation by utilizing the vernier effect. The individual cavities of uniform and defective cells have slightly different spectral periods or free spectral ranges. When coupled, only the common resonance of the two cavities is enabled, which allows the spectral period to be extended to the value given by:

[0021] The defect cells in the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention can be connected to hexagonal cells, can be connected to each other, or can be connected to both hexagonal cells and defect cells.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, defective cells are interconnected to form at least one row or at least one column.

[0023] In this case, a row or column of defective cells can be connected to a row or column of hexagonal cells, or to another row or column of defective cells.

[0024] Furthermore, one or more rows or columns of defective cells can be periodically connected to one or more rows or columns of hexagonal cells.

[0025] The defective cell in each row or column can be a defective cell whose top and bottom lengths are greater than L or less than L.

[0026] Furthermore, defective cells in at least one row or column of defective cells can have: Parallel to the two left sides and two right sides of the hexagonal cell; and Parallel to the two right sides and two left sides of the hexagonal cell; This forms an hourglass shape.

[0027] In this case, a row or column of defective cells can be connected to a row or column of hexagonal cells or a row or column of defective cells.

[0028] In the second method, the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) of the present invention may include: Multiple quadrilateral cells, each quadrilateral cell comprising two side sides of length L, a top side of length L, and a bottom side of length L; and Multiple defective cells, each defective cell including two sides of length L parallel to the sides of a quadrilateral cell, and one top side and one bottom side parallel to the top and bottom sides of a quadrilateral cell. The lengths of the top and bottom sides of the defective cell can be greater than or less than L, thus forming a rectangular shape.

[0029] As mentioned earlier, in this case, defective cells can also be interconnected to form at least one row or at least one column.

[0030] A row or column of defect cells can be connected to a row or column of quadrilateral cells, or to another row or column of defect cells.

[0031] In the third method, the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention includes: Multiple hexagonal cells; and Multiple hexagonal splitting cells, each hexagonal splitting cell comprising six sides of length L and six vertices, wherein the sides connect consecutive vertices.

[0032] In this method, the hexagonal splitting cell also includes one or more internal edges connecting discontinuous vertices.

[0033] For example, a hexagonal splitting cell may include an internal edge connecting two discontinuous vertices, forming a triangle and a pentagon or two quadrilaterals.

[0034] Alternatively, a hexagonal splitting cell may include two non-intersecting internal edges. In this case, each internal edge connects two discontinuous vertices, forming two triangles and a quadrilateral.

[0035] In this method, the inner edges cause a change in the perimeter of the hexagonal splitting cell. The hexagonal splitting cell is used as two or three distinct cells; therefore, the total perimeter is the sum of the perimeters of each distinct cell. Thus, each inner edge increases the perimeter of the hexagonal splitting cell by twice the length of the inner edge.

[0036] Hexagonal splitting cells can connect to each other or to hexagonal cells at different locations, resulting in different free spectral range values ​​at each location.

[0037] In the fourth method, the photonic waveguide grid arrangement includes: Multiple quadrilateral cells; and One or more quadrilateral splitting cells, each quadrilateral splitting cell comprising four sides of length L and four vertices, wherein the sides connect consecutive vertices.

[0038] In this method, the quadrilateral splitting cell also includes an internal edge connecting discontinuous vertices.

[0039] In this method, the inner edges also cause a change in the perimeter of the quadrilateral splitting cell. The quadrilateral splitting cell is used as two triangular cells; therefore, the total perimeter is the sum of the perimeters of each triangular cell. Thus, the inner edges increase the perimeter of the quadrilateral splitting cell by an amount equal to (2...). The value of L.

[0040] Preferably, in the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention, each edge and each internal edge of the hexagonal cell, defect cell, and split cell includes two integrated waveguides connected by a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).

[0041] The present invention also relates to a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) including the aforementioned photonic waveguide grid arrangement. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To supplement the description and to aid in a better understanding of the features of the invention, the description is accompanied by a set of drawings as an integral part of the preferred practical exemplary embodiments of the invention, wherein the following are illustrated in an illustrative rather than restrictive manner:

[0043] Figure 1 An example of a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) according to the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Details of the photonic core of the field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) shown.

[0045] Figure 3 An example of a first preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a plurality of different defect cells are connected to a plurality of quadrilateral cells.

[0046] Figure 4 An example of a first preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein multiple rows of defective cells are connected to a row of quadrilateral cells.

[0047] Figure 5 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a first defective cell is connected to a hexagonal cell.

[0048] Figure 6 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the second defective cell is connected to the hexagonal cell.

[0049] Figure 7 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a row of defective cells is connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells.

[0050] Figure 8 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein multi-row defect cells are connected to multi-row hexagonal cells in a periodic manner.

[0051] Figure 9 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein multiple rows of defective cells are interconnected to form a first group, and the first group is connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells to form a second group.

[0052] Figure 10 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein multiple rows of different defect cells are connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells.

[0053] Figure 11 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a first type of hourglass defect cell is connected to a hexagonal cell.

[0054] Figure 12 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a second type of hourglass defect cell is connected to a hexagonal cell.

[0055] Figure 13 A comparison of the spectral domain responses of hexagonal cells, defective cells, and combinations of hexagonal cells and defective cells is shown in a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0056] Figure 14 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell including internal sides forming two trapezoids.

[0057] Figure 15 The first type of connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell including internal edges forming triangles and quadrilaterals.

[0058] Figure 16 A second type of connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell including internal edges that form triangles and quadrilaterals.

[0059] Figure 17 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell comprising two internal sides forming two triangles and a rectangle.

[0060] Figure 18 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell comprising two internal sides forming two triangles and a trapezoid.

[0061] Figure 19 The photonic waveguide grid arrangement includes four types of hexagonal split cells.

[0062] Figure 20 An example of a quadrilateral dividing cell is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention relates to a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), characterized by comprising a photonic waveguide grid arrangement, the photonic waveguide grid arrangement including defect cells.

[0064] Figure 1 An example of a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) according to the present invention is shown, including photonic I / O ports, a photonic core, RF electronics, RF I / O ports, and control electronics. The photonic core is connected to the photonic I / O ports, the control electronics, and the RF electronics, which in turn are connected to the RF I / O ports.

[0065] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The photonic core is shown in detail. The photonic core includes connections to the photonic I / O ports, a high-performance external block, and a waveguide mesh connecting the photonic I / O ports and the high-performance external block.

[0066] Figure 3 An example of a first preferred embodiment of the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention is shown.

[0067] In the photonic waveguide grid arrangement, multiple different defect cells are connected to multiple quadrilateral cells. Each quadrilateral cell has four sides of length L.

[0068] The defect cell is a rectangular cell, which includes a top and bottom edge that can be larger or smaller than L.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, defective cells can be combined to conform to a row of defective cells. Therefore, Figure 4 This shows a multi-row defect cell connected to a row of quadrilateral cells. Figure 4 Multi-row defect cells include rectangular cells, which include cells of length L+( L / 2), L+( L) and L+(3 The top and bottom edges of L / 2).

[0070] Figure 5 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein defective cells are connected to hexagonal cells.

[0071] A hexagonal cell has six sides of length L: two on the right, two on the left, one on the top, and one on the bottom. In this case, a defective cell also has six sides, of which four sides have the same length L as the sides in a uniform hexagonal grid.

[0072] Defective cells also have different lengths L-( The two sides of L / 2, specifically the top and bottom sides.

[0073] Compared to a hexagonal cell, a defective cell has two sides in opposite directions. Therefore, the two left sides are each parallel to the two right sides of the hexagonal cell, and thus also parallel to the two right sides of the defective cell.

[0074] These defective cells are compatible and can be easily integrated into a uniform hexagonal waveguide mesh.

[0075] Figure 6 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is also shown. In this case, the defective cell is similar to... Figure 5 The defective cell shown is shown, but the lengths of its top and bottom edges are equal to L+( L / 2). Defective cells are also connected to hexagonal cells.

[0076] Figure 7 An example of a second preferred embodiment of the invention as previously defined is shown, wherein a row of defective cells is connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells, which are incorporated into a waveguide mesh.

[0077] exist Figure 8 In this system, multiple rows of defective cells are connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells in a periodic manner, thereby alternating between defective cell rows and hexagonal cell rows.

[0078] Figure 9 Another example of the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention is shown, wherein multiple rows of defect cells are interconnected to form a first group, and the first group is connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells to form a second group.

[0079] Figure 10 Another example is shown where multiple rows of distinct defect cells are connected to multiple rows of hexagonal cells, thus alternating rows of hexagonal cells with rows of defective cells, the defective cells having top and bottom edges of different lengths. Specifically, in Figure 10 In the case shown, the lengths of the top and bottom edges of the defective cell row are equal to L+( L / 2) and L-( L / 2).

[0080] Alternatively, cells can be connected to form columns instead of rows.

[0081] Figure 11 An example of a defective cell according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the defective cell has an hourglass shape. Therefore, in this case, the defective cell has two right sides parallel to the two left sides of the hexagonal cell and two left sides parallel to the two right sides of the hexagonal cell. Figure 11 The defective cell shown is connected to the hexagonal cell.

[0082] exist Figure 11 In the diagram, the left side of the defective cell is connected to the right side of the defective cell.

[0083] On the contrary, Figure 12The image shows a second type of hourglass defect cell, in which the left side of the defect cell is not connected to the right side of the defect cell.

[0084] Figure 13 A comparison of the spectral domain responses of hexagonal cells, defective cells, and combinations of hexagonal cells and defective cells is shown.

[0085] Figure 13 This demonstrates how the vernier effect can address the problem of spectral period limitation by incorporating defect cells.

[0086] The individual cavities of the hexagonal cell and the defective cell have slightly different spectral periods or free spectral range values ​​(FSR1 and FSR2). When coupled, only the common resonance of the two cavities is enabled, which allows the spectral period to be extended to the value given by the following equation:

[0087] A typical realizable cell in silicon photonics has a side length L of approximately 450 mm. s It provides a propagation delay of approximately 11.5 picoseconds T. s These values ​​are fixed, which limits the flexibility of the spectral and time-domain responses of the circuits that can be implemented.

[0088] For example, the minimum length cavity L = 6L s Providing a round-trip time of approximately 69 picoseconds results in a spectral period in the 14.8 GHz range, which is insufficient for broadband applications requiring at least 40 GHz or higher. Similarly, the achievable sampling rate is determined by T. s This is insufficient for applications requiring latency accuracy of less than 10 picoseconds.

[0089] However, by using the photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to the present invention:

[0090] In fact, this corresponds to increasing the typical 14.8 GHz FSR of the 2D uniform hexagonal waveguide grid to 45 GHz in the photonic waveguide grid arrangement of the present invention.

[0091] This is achieved by reducing the length of the "short" side of the defective cell by 12.5% ​​(i.e., from 450 mm to 394 mm), which is technically easy to implement.

[0092] Furthermore, the insertion of defective cells allows for [internal arrangement] within the grid. The time propagation difference switching path also solves the sampling time resolution limitation of uniform waveguide mesh (from 11.5 picoseconds to 1.5 picoseconds in this example).

[0093] Furthermore, similar effects can be achieved by introducing hexagonal and quadrilateral splitting cells.

[0094] Hexagonal and quadrilateral split cells have the same shape and size as non-defective cells, making them compatible and easy to integrate into uniform hexagonal waveguide meshes. Therefore, a mesh including one or more hexagonal or quadrilateral split cells will also have the same shape and size as an equivalent fully non-defective cell mesh.

[0095] Figure 14 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell comprising internal sides forming two equal trapezoids. In this case, the length of the internal sides is 2L, and the perimeter of the hexagonal splitting cell is equal to the sum of the perimeters of the two equal trapezoids: 5L.

[0096] In this case, the free spectral range (FSR) of the combination of hexagonal cell and hexagonal splitting cell will be equal to: It has a free spectral range (FSR) that is 6 times greater than that of a single hexagonal cavity.

[0097] Figure 15 The first type of connection between hexagonal cells and hexagonal splitting cells is shown, including the internal edges forming triangles and quadrilaterals. In this case, the connection is made between the triangles and hexagonal cells of the hexagonal splitting cell.

[0098] The length of the inner edge is equal to 3L. Therefore, the perimeter of a hexagonal dividing cell is the sum of the perimeters of the triangle and the quadrilateral. The perimeter of the triangle is (2+ 3)L, the perimeter of the quadrilateral is (4+ 3)L.

[0099] In this case, the free spectral range (FSR) of the combination of hexagonal cell and hexagonal splitting cell will be equal to: It has a free spectral range (FSR) that is 2.64 times greater than that of a single hexagonal cavity.

[0100] Figure 16 A second type of connection is shown between hexagonal cells and hexagonal splitting cells, where the hexagonal splitting cell includes internal edges forming triangles and quadrilaterals. In this case, the connection is made between the quadrilaterals and hexagonal cells of the hexagonal splitting cell.

[0101] The length of the inner edge is equal to 3L. Therefore, the perimeter of a hexagonal dividing cell is the sum of the perimeters of the triangle and the quadrilateral. The perimeter of the triangle is (2+ 3)L, the perimeter of the quadrilateral is (4+ 3)L.

[0102] In this case, the free spectral range (FSR) of the combination of hexagonal cell and hexagonal splitting cell will be equal to: It has a free spectral range (FSR) that is 22.7 times greater than that of a single hexagonal cavity.

[0103] Figure 17 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown. The hexagonal splitting cell includes two internal sides forming two triangles and a rectangle. The cell has two parallel internal sides.

[0104] The perimeter of a hexagonal dividing cell is the sum of the perimeters of the triangles and the rectangle. The perimeter of each triangle is (2 + ... 3) L, the perimeter of the rectangle is (2+2) 3)L.

[0105] In this case, the free spectral range (FSR) of the combination of hexagonal cell and hexagonal splitting cell will be equal to: It has an 11.2-fold greater free spectral range (FSR) than a single hexagonal cavity.

[0106] Figure 18 The connection between a hexagonal cell and a hexagonal splitting cell is shown, the hexagonal splitting cell including two internal sides forming two triangles and a trapezoid.

[0107] The perimeter of a hexagonal dividing cell is the sum of the perimeters of the triangle and the trapezoid. The perimeter of the trapezoid is 5L, and the perimeter of the first triangle is (3+) 3)L, the perimeter of the second triangle is (2+ 3)L.

[0108] In this case, the free spectral range (FSR) of the combination of hexagonal cell and hexagonal splitting cell will be equal to: It has a free spectral range (FSR) that is 4.76 times greater than that of a single hexagonal cavity.

[0109] Figure 19 The arrangement of a photonic waveguide grid, comprising four hexagonal split cells, is shown, representing the four types of hexagonal split cells that have been defined.

[0110] Figure 20 An example of a quadrilateral dividing cell is shown. In this case, the quadrilateral dividing cell includes cells with a length equal to The inner edge of the quadrilateral cell is 2L, which divides the quadrilateral cell into two equal triangles. Therefore, the perimeter of the quadrilateral cell is equal to the sum of the perimeters of the equal triangles. The perimeter of each triangle is (2 + ... 2)L.

Claims

1. A photonic waveguide mesh arrangement for a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), comprising: A plurality of hexagonal cells, wherein each hexagonal cell includes two right sides of length L, one top side of length L, one bottom side of length L, and two left sides of length L; and One or more defective cells are connected to two right sides of length L, each of the two right sides of length L being parallel to each of the two right sides of the hexagonal cell or each of the two left sides of the hexagonal cell, parallel to the upper side of the upper edge of the hexagonal cell, parallel to the lower side of the lower edge of the hexagonal cell, and two left sides of length L, each of the two left sides of length L being parallel to each of the two right sides of the hexagonal cell or each of the two left sides of the hexagonal cell. Wherein, the lengths of the upper and lower sides of the defective cell are greater than or less than L.

2. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 1, wherein, Each side of the hexagonal cell and the defective cell includes two integrated waveguides connected by a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).

3. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The defective cell is connected to the hexagonal cell and / or interconnected with each other.

4. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 3, wherein, The defective cells are interconnected to form at least one row or column.

5. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 4, wherein, A row or column of defective cells is connected to a row or column of hexagonal cells.

6. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 4, wherein, A row or column of defective cells is connected to another row or column of defective cells.

7. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 4, wherein, One or more rows or columns of defective cells are periodically connected to one or more rows or columns of hexagonal cells.

8. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein, A defect cell in each row or column is a defect cell whose top and bottom lengths are greater than L or less than L.

9. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein, Defect cells with at least one row or one column of defective cells have: Parallel to the two left sides and the two right sides of the hexagonal cell, and Parallel to the two right sides and two left sides of the hexagonal cell; In this case, a row or column of defective cells is connected to a row or column of hexagonal cells or a row or column of defective cells.

10. A photonic waveguide grid arrangement for a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), comprising: Multiple quadrilateral cells, each quadrilateral cell comprising two side sides of length L, a top side of length L, and a bottom side of length L; as well as One or more defective cells, the defective cell comprising two long sides of length L parallel to the side of the quadrilateral cell, and one upper side and one lower side parallel to the upper and lower sides of the quadrilateral cell. Wherein, the lengths of the upper and lower sides of the defective cell are greater than or less than L.

11. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to claim 10, wherein, The defective cells are interconnected to form at least one row or at least one column.

12. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 11, wherein, A row or column of defective cells are connected to a row or column of quadrilateral cells.

13. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to claim 11, wherein, A row or column of defective cells is connected to another row or column of defective cells.

14. A photonic waveguide grid arrangement for a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), comprising: Multiple hexagonal cells; as well as One or more hexagonal splitting cells, the hexagonal splitting cell comprising six sides of length L and six vertices, wherein the sides connect consecutive vertices; The hexagonal splitting cell also includes one or more internal edges connecting discontinuous vertices.

15. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to claim 14, wherein, The hexagonal splitting cell includes an internal edge connecting two discontinuous vertices, forming a triangle and a pentagon or two quadrilaterals.

16. The photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to claim 14, wherein, The hexagonal splitting cell includes two non-intersecting internal edges, each of which connects two discontinuous vertices, forming two triangles and a quadrilateral.

17. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 14, wherein, The hexagonal splitting cells are connected to each other at different positions, such that each position has a different free spectral range value.

18. The photonic waveguide mesh arrangement according to claim 1, wherein, Each side and each internal side of the hexagonal cell and the hexagonal splitting cell includes two integrated waveguides connected by a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).

19. A photonic waveguide grid arrangement for a field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA), comprising: Multiple quadrilateral cells; as well as One or more quadrilateral splitting cells, the one or more quadrilateral splitting cells comprising four sides of length L and four vertices, wherein the sides connect consecutive vertices; The quadrilateral splitting cell also includes an internal edge connecting discontinuous vertices.

20. A field-programmable photonic gate array (FPPGA) comprising a photonic waveguide grid arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

Images