Waveguide device, microwave outdoor unit, and microwave wavelength division transmission apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a waveguide device, a microwave outdoor unit and a microwave distance transmission device, and relates to the technical field of communication. The waveguide device comprises a cavity, a cover plate, a ridge structure, a ferrite, a permanent magnet and a tuning piece. The cavity comprises opposite first and second surfaces, and the first surface is provided with a chamber. The cover plate is arranged on the first surface of the cavity and covers the chamber. The ridge structure is arranged in the chamber, the ferrite is arranged on the ridge structure, and the permanent magnet is arranged on the second surface of the cavity. The tuning piece is arranged on the ridge structure, the tuning piece is spaced apart from the ferrite, the top surface of the tuning piece away from the second surface is higher than the top surface of the ridge structure away from the second surface, the tuning piece is coupled with the ridge structure, the tuning piece can introduce an in-band resonance point, the effect of multiple resonances is achieved, the working frequency of the device can be adjusted, and the bandwidth of the working frequency can be widened. The waveguide device can be applied to the microwave outdoor unit or the microwave distance transmission device to realize one-way transmission of radio frequency signals.

Description

Waveguide devices, microwave outdoor units and microwave long-distance transmission equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a waveguide device, a microwave outdoor unit, and a microwave long-distance transmission device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of microwave communication technology, microwave point-to-point backhaul communication technology has emerged. It has received widespread attention due to the advantage of large capacity of microwave communication frequency band.

[0003] In microwave point-to-point backhaul communication systems, waveguide circulators / isolators are one of the key components. Waveguide circulators / isolators are directional, frequency-selective devices used for unidirectional transmission of radio frequency signals.

[0004] Currently, waveguide circulators / isolators mostly adopt ferrite resonance form, but are limited by the influence of high-order harmonics and cutoff frequency. The relative bandwidth of their operating frequency is limited, generally around 15% to 40%, which cannot meet the needs of ultra-wideband application scenarios.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a waveguide device, a microwave outdoor unit, and a microwave long-distance transmission device, which are intended to broaden the bandwidth of an operating frequency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, a waveguide device is provided, which can be used as a waveguide isolator and a waveguide circulator. The waveguide device includes a cavity, a cover, a ridge structure, a ferrite, a permanent magnet, and a tuning element, wherein the cavity includes a first surface and a second surface relative to each other, and the first surface is provided with a cavity. The cover is arranged on the first surface of the cavity and covers the cavity. The ridge structure is arranged in the cavity, the ferrite is arranged on the ridge structure, and the permanent magnet is arranged on the second surface of the cavity. The tuning element is also arranged on the ridge structure and spaced apart from the ferrite. The tuning element includes a top surface away from the second surface, the ridge structure includes a top surface away from the second surface, and the top surface of the tuning element is higher than the top surface of the ridge structure.

[0009] The waveguide device provided in the above-described embodiments of the present application comprises a ridge structure disposed within a cavity, which together with the cavity form a ridge waveguide resonant cavity. A ferrite having a magnetic rotation characteristic is disposed on the ridge structure, and a permanent magnet is disposed on the second surface of the cavity. The ferrite can be magnetized by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, maintaining its magnetic rotation characteristic. Under the action of the ferrite and the permanent magnet, unidirectional transmission of radio frequency signals within the ridge waveguide resonant cavity is achieved.

[0010] Furthermore, by placing a tuning element on the ridge structure and spacing the tuning element from the ferrite, the tuning element is coupled to the ridge structure and introduced into the ridge waveguide resonant cavity where the ridge structure resides, effectively coupling the tuning element to the waveguide isolator. The tuning element introduces an in-band resonance point, generating a transverse electromagnetic wave-like resonance. The tuning element and the ridge waveguide resonant cavity achieve a multi-resonance effect, facilitating frequency adjustment of the RF signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator, thereby broadening the operating frequency bandwidth.

[0011] In addition, by adjusting the height of the top surface of the tuning element to adjust the height of the top surface of the tuning element relative to the top surface of the ridge structure, the resonant frequency of the tuning element can be adjusted, and the frequency of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator can also be adjusted, which is beneficial to widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0012] In some embodiments, the chamber includes a plurality of channels, one end of each of the channels being interconnected. Each channel is provided with a ridge structure, and the ridge structures within the plurality of channels are connected at the interconnected locations of the plurality of channels. At least one tuning element is provided on the ridge structure within each channel.

[0013] It can be understood that the more tuning elements are provided on each ridge structure, the more in-band resonance points are introduced, the more obvious the multi-resonance effect in the ridge waveguide resonant cavity is, and it is beneficial to broaden the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ridge structure includes multiple sub-ridge structures, which are sequentially connected along the length of the channel. The multiple sub-ridge structures include top surfaces distal from the second surface, and the top surfaces of the multiple sub-ridge structures decrease in height relative to the second surface as they move away from the connection point of the multiple channels, forming multiple steps on the top surfaces of the multiple sub-ridge structures. Multiple tuning elements are disposed on the ridge structure within each channel, and the multiple tuning elements may be disposed on the same step, or alternatively, on different steps.

[0015] In some embodiments, assuming the wavelength of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the waveguide device is λ, the spacing between two adjacent tuning elements on the ridge structure within each channel, along a direction parallel to the second surface, is less than or equal to λ / 4. Ferrites are disposed at the junctions of the multiple ridge structures within the multiple channels. Along a direction parallel to the second surface, the spacing between the tuning element closest to the ferrite and the ferrite on the ridge structure is less than or equal to λ / 4, thereby ensuring sufficient coupling between the multiple tuning elements to meet the requirement of widening the operating frequency bandwidth.

[0016] In some embodiments, the tuning element is movably connected to the ridge structure to facilitate adjustment of the vertical distance between the top surface of the tuning element and the top surface of the ridge structure, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the tuning element.

[0017] In some embodiments, the tuning element is threadedly connected to the ridge structure, which is highly feasible and suitable for mass production. In addition, the height of the tuning element can be adjusted by rotating the tuning element, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the tuning element.

[0018] In some embodiments, the tuning component is obtained by machining on the ridge structure. The tuning component and the ridge structure are integrally formed, and its engineering feasibility is relatively strong, and it is suitable for mass production.

[0019] In some embodiments, the shape of the orthographic projection of the tuning element on the second surface comprises a circle or a polygon.

[0020] In some embodiments, each channel includes multiple interconnected resonant cavities. In at least two interconnected resonant cavities, one resonant cavity is provided with a ridge structure and a tuning element, while the other resonant cavity is provided with a resonant element connected to the ridge structure. The ridge structure enables inductive coupling between the two resonant cavities, which facilitates widening the operating frequency bandwidth.

[0021] In some embodiments, the shape of the resonant element includes a cylinder, the shape of the resonant cavity in which the resonant element is located includes a cylinder, and the resonant element and the resonant cavity are coaxially arranged.

[0022] In some embodiments, the chamber of the cavity includes three channels, and the orthographic projections of the three channels on the second surface are in a Y-shape or a T-shape.

[0023] In a second aspect, a waveguide circulator is provided, comprising the waveguide device of any one of the above embodiments. In a cavity of the waveguide circulator, each channel is provided with a port, which passes through the cavity.

[0024] When the waveguide circulator transmits or receives RF signals, an RF signal is input into the port of any channel. Under the action of ferrite and permanent magnet, the RF signal can be unidirectionally transmitted to any other channel in a determined order and output through the port of the channel.

[0025] In a third aspect, a waveguide isolator is provided, comprising the waveguide device of any of the aforementioned embodiments. Within a cavity of the waveguide isolator, one of the plurality of channels is provided with an absorbing load structure, and each of the remaining channels is provided with a port extending through the cavity.

[0026] When a waveguide isolator transmits or receives RF signals, the signal is input from one channel, unidirectionally transmitted to the other channel under the action of ferrite and permanent magnets, and output from the other channel. Any RF signal reflected from the channel's port is absorbed by the absorbing load structure, achieving fallback isolation of the RF signal.

[0027] A fourth aspect provides a microwave outdoor unit. This outdoor unit is an outdoor module that processes transmitted and received radio frequency signals and serves as the core unit of a microwave point-to-point backhaul communication system. The microwave outdoor unit comprises a lower housing, a housing cover, a circuit board, a shielding cover, a duplexer, and the waveguide isolator described in the above-mentioned embodiments. The housing cover is mounted on the lower housing, forming a container with the housing cover. The circuit board, shielding cover, and duplexer are all mounted within the container. The shielding cover and duplexer are sequentially mounted on the circuit board. The duplexer is connected to the housing cover, and the waveguide isolator is integrated into the shielding cover.

[0028] During the process of transmitting the RF signal from the microwave outdoor unit, the RF signal is output from the circuit board, transmitted through the port to the waveguide isolator on the shielding cover, and then transmitted to the duplexer through the port, and finally transmitted through the public port through the external antenna.

[0029] In the process of receiving the radio frequency signal by the microwave outdoor unit, the radio frequency signal is received by the external antenna, the radio frequency signal is input into the duplexer through the common port, transmitted to the waveguide isolator on the shielding cover through the port, and transmitted to the circuit board through the port.

[0030] Fifth, a microwave long-haul transmission device is provided. This device is used in long-distance microwave communication scenarios, typically operating in the low-frequency microwave band. It features multi-channel, high-capacity, and long-distance transmission capabilities. This device utilizes a separate microwave RF unit and microwave splitter unit, enabling flexible multi-channel frequency combinations and fully utilizing the limited frequency resources of low-frequency microwaves to achieve higher link capacity.

[0031] The microwave radio frequency unit includes a lower housing, a housing cover, a circuit board, a shielding cover, and the waveguide isolator described in the above embodiment. The housing cover is mounted on the lower housing, and the housing cover and the lower housing form a container. The circuit board, shielding cover, and waveguide isolator are all mounted within the container. The shielding cover and waveguide isolator are sequentially mounted on the circuit board, and the waveguide isolator is connected to the housing cover. A microwave branch unit is mounted on the microwave radio frequency unit and connected to the waveguide isolator via the housing cover.

[0032] In the process of the microwave radio frequency unit transmitting the radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is transmitted from the circuit board to the shielding cover, and is transmitted to the waveguide isolator through the port, and finally is emitted through the port.

[0033] In the process of the microwave radio frequency unit receiving the radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is input into the waveguide isolator through the port, transmitted to the shielding cover through the port, and then transmitted from the shielding cover to the circuit board.

[0034] The microwave branch unit is arranged on the microwave radio frequency unit, and the microwave branch unit is connected to the waveguide isolator through the box cover. For example, the microwave branch unit is connected to the waveguide isolator through a port.

[0035] In a sixth aspect, a microwave long-distance transmission device is provided, which also includes a microwave radio frequency unit and a microwave branch unit. The microwave branch unit is arranged on the microwave radio frequency unit, and the microwave branch unit includes the waveguide circulator in the above embodiment.

[0036] It can be understood that the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the microwave outdoor unit and microwave long-distance transmission equipment provided in the above embodiments of the present application can be referred to the beneficial effects of the waveguide device mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in some embodiments of this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings. Furthermore, the drawings described below should be considered schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual dimensions of the products involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0038] Figures 1 and 2 are three-dimensional structural diagrams of a waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG3 is a top view of the waveguide isolator in FIG2 ;

[0040] FIG4 is a bottom view of the waveguide isolator in FIG2 ;

[0041] FIG5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the resonance mechanism generated by the tuning element provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG6 is a graph showing simulated scattering parameters of a waveguide isolator according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG7 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of a waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG8 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of a waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG9 is a top view of a waveguide circulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG10 is a bottom view of a waveguide circulator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG11 is a structural diagram of a microwave outdoor unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG12 is a structural diagram of a microwave long-distance transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG13 is an architectural diagram of a microwave branching unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in some embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments provided in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] The embodiments of the present application combine electromagnetic field theory and filter coupling resonance mechanism to provide a waveguide device in the form of a multi-resonant ultra-wideband resonant cavity. The waveguide device can be used as a waveguide isolator and also as a waveguide circulator.

[0052] 1 and 2 are three-dimensional structural diagrams of a waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application; FIG3 is a top view of the waveguide isolator in FIG2 ; and FIG4 is a bottom view of the waveguide isolator in FIG2 .

[0053] 1 to 4 , the waveguide isolator 1 includes a cavity 10 , a cover 11 , a ridge structure 12 , a ferrite 13 , a permanent magnet 14 and a tuning element 15 .

[0054] 2 , the cavity 10 includes a first surface P1 and a second surface P2 opposite to each other, for example, along the thickness direction of the cavity 10 , the first surface P1 and the second surface P2 are located on opposite sides thereof. The first surface P1 of the cavity 10 is recessed downward to form a chamber 16 inside the cavity 10 .

[0055] Illustratively, the chamber 16 includes a plurality of channels 160 , one ends of which are interconnected. Typically, the chamber 16 includes three channels 160 that are interconnected.

[0056] Referring to Figures 1 and 2 , the cover plate 11 is disposed on the first surface P1 of the cavity 10 . Specifically, the cover plate 11 covers the first surface P1 of the cavity 10 and covers the chamber 16 of the cavity 10 , so that the chamber 16 forms a resonant cavity. This application does not limit the connection method between the cover plate 11 and the cavity 10 ; the two may be fixed by screws or adhesive.

[0057] As shown in Figure 2 , ridge structure 12 is disposed within cavity 16. Together, they form a resonant cavity in the form of a ridge waveguide. The resonant cavity can be filled with either a dielectric material or air (no dielectric material), and is used to transmit radio frequency signals. This resonant cavity design in waveguide isolator 1 reduces device size, lowers manufacturing costs, and improves signal transmission performance.

[0058] For example, a ridge structure 12 is provided in each channel 160. The ridge structure 12 can be integrally formed with the cavity 10, or can be separately processed and formed and then fixedly connected to the channel 160. In addition, multiple ridge structures 12 in multiple channels 160 are connected at the connection points of the multiple channels 160. For example, multiple ridge structures 12 can be integrally formed.

[0059] Exemplarily, each ridge structure 12 includes multiple sub-ridge structures 120, which are sequentially connected along the longitudinal extension direction M of the channel 160. For example, FIG2 shows a case where the ridge structure 12 includes two sub-ridge structures 120, namely a first sub-ridge structure 121 and a second sub-ridge structure 122. Based on this, the first sub-ridge structures 121 of the multiple ridge structures 12 are connected to achieve the connection of the multiple ridge structures 12.

[0060] The multiple sub-ridge structures 120 include top surfaces 123 that are distal from the second surface P2. Along a direction N away from the connection point of the multiple channels 160, the top surfaces 123 of the multiple sub-ridge structures 120 decrease in height relative to the second surface P2, forming a plurality of steps. For example, the top surface of the second sub-ridge structure 122 is lower than the top surface of the first sub-ridge structure 121, forming two steps between the top surfaces of the first sub-ridge structure 121 and the second sub-ridge structure 122. This structural design can be used to adjust the impedance matching of the waveguide isolator 1.

[0061] Furthermore, the width direction of the sub-ridge structure 120 is perpendicular to the direction N. Along the direction N, the widths of the multiple sub-ridge structures 120 also decrease in sequence. For example, the width of the second sub-ridge structure 122 is smaller than the width of the first sub-ridge structure 121. This structural design is also used to adjust the impedance matching of the waveguide isolator 1.

[0062] In addition, by adjusting the size of the ridge structure 12, for example, the shape of the sub-ridge structure 120 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length, width and height of the sub-ridge structure 120 can be adjusted to adjust the impedance matching of the waveguide isolator 1, which is beneficial to broaden the bandwidth of the device's operating frequency.

[0063] 2 and 3 , the ferrite 13 is disposed on the ridge structure 12 . The ferrite 13 has a magnetic rotation characteristic so as to enable unidirectional transmission of radio frequency signals in the ridge waveguide resonant cavity.

[0064] For example, multiple ridge structures 12 in multiple channels 160 are connected, and ferrite 13 can be set at the connection between the multiple ridge structures 12. In this way, the radio frequency signal can be transmitted unidirectionally from the resonant cavity where one ridge structure 12 is located to the resonant cavity where another ridge structure 12 is located through the connection between the multiple ridge structures 12.

[0065] 4 , the permanent magnet 14 is disposed on the second surface P2 of the cavity 10 , and the ferrite 13 can be magnetized under the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 14 so that the ferrite 13 maintains its magnetic rotation characteristics.

[0066] For example, the second surface P2 of the cavity 10 is provided with a groove, in which the permanent magnet 14 can be disposed. In addition, along the thickness direction of the cavity 10, the permanent magnet 14 and the ferrite 13 are disposed opposite each other, with the cavity 10 and the ridge structure 12 interposed therebetween.

[0067] Compared with the related art that uses multiple ferrites and multiple permanent magnets, in the above embodiment of the present application, only one ferrite 13 and one permanent magnet 14 are used, the preparation cost of the device is lower and the assembly is simpler.

[0068] Continuing with Figures 3 and 4 , for example, chamber 16 includes three channels 160. The orthographic projections of these three channels 160 on second surface P2 may be Y-shaped, with the three channels 160 being a first channel 161, a second channel 162, and a third channel 163. Ports 164 are disposed within first channel 161 and second channel 162, extending through chamber 10. Therefore, ports 164 are also visible on second surface P2 of chamber 10. A wave-absorbing load structure 17 is disposed within third channel 163.

[0069] In the process of transmitting RF signals by the waveguide isolator 1, for example, the RF signal is transmitted by the waveguide isolator 1. The RF signal can be input from the port 164 of the first channel 161, transmitted through the first channel 161 (a resonant cavity in the form of a ridge waveguide) to the connection of the multiple ridge structures 12, and transmitted unidirectionally to the second channel 162 (a resonant cavity in the form of a ridge waveguide) under the action of the ferrite 13 and the permanent magnet 14, and output from the port 164 of the second channel 162. This transmission link can be called the "transmission link" of the waveguide isolator 1.

[0070] For another example, when using the waveguide isolator 1 to receive radio frequency signals, the radio frequency signal can be input from the port 164 of the second channel 162, transmitted to the connection point of multiple ridge structures 12 through the second channel 162 (a resonant cavity in the form of a ridge waveguide), and transmitted unidirectionally to the first channel 161 (a resonant cavity in the form of a ridge waveguide) under the action of the ferrite 13 and the permanent magnet 14, and output from the port 164 of the first channel 161. This transmission link can be called the "receiving link" of the waveguide isolator 1.

[0071] When the waveguide isolator 1 transmits or receives radio frequency signals, the radio frequency signals reflected back from the ports 164 of the first channel 161 and the second channel 162 can be absorbed and consumed by the absorbing load structure 17 in the third channel 163, thereby achieving fallback isolation of the radio frequency signals.

[0072] Please refer to Figures 2 and 3 again. The tuning element 15 is arranged on the ridge structure 12. The tuning element 15 is spaced apart from the ferrite 13. For example, a tuning element 15 is provided on each sub-ridge structure 120. The tuning element 15 includes a top surface 150 away from the second surface P2. The top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 is higher than the top surface 123 of the sub-ridge structure 120, that is, the height of the top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 is greater than the height of the top surface 123 of the sub-ridge structure 120.

[0073] The tuning element 15 is arranged on the ridge structure 12 so as to be coupled with the ridge structure 12. The tuning element 15 is introduced into the ridge waveguide resonant cavity where the ridge structure 12 is located, which is equivalent to coupling the tuning element 15 with the waveguide isolator 1. The tuning element 15 can introduce an in-band resonance point to generate a transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM)-like resonance. FIG5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the resonance mechanism generated by the tuning element 15 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Taking the chamber 16 including three channels 160 as an example, the tuning element 15 on the ridge structure 12 in each channel 160 can generate a ground capacitance C between the tuning element 15 and the ground, and the tuning element 15 can generate a self-inductance L1. Mutual inductance L2 can also be generated between the tuning elements 15 in different channels 160. This is equivalent to connecting the ground capacitance C, self-inductance L1, and mutual inductance L2 in parallel in the equivalent circuit of the ridge waveguide resonant cavity, thereby connecting resonators in parallel in the equivalent circuit of the ridge waveguide resonant cavity. The tuning element 15 and the ridge waveguide resonant cavity can achieve a multi-resonance effect, thereby facilitating adjustment of the frequency of the RF signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator 1, thereby facilitating the expansion of the operating frequency bandwidth. This solves the problem of requiring independent development of waveguide isolators for each frequency band and reduces the number of product codes.

[0074] Furthermore, by adjusting the height of the top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 to adjust the height of the top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 relative to the top surface 123 of the sub-ridge structure 120, the resonant frequency of the tuning element 15 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the frequency of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator 1, which is beneficial to widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0075] In addition, the size of the ridge structure 12 can be adjusted to adjust the coupling amount between the tuning element 15 and the ridge structure 12, thereby adjusting the coupling amount between the tuning element 15 and the waveguide isolator 1 and adjusting the frequency of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator 1, which is beneficial to widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0076] In some embodiments, one or more tuning elements 15 may be provided on the ridge structure 12 within each channel 160. Each tuning element 15 may introduce an in-band resonance point. It will be appreciated that the greater the number of tuning elements 15 provided on each ridge structure 12, the more in-band resonance points introduced, the more pronounced the multi-resonance effect within the ridge waveguide resonant cavity, and the greater the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0077] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , a plurality of tuning elements 15 are provided on the ridge structure 12 . The ridge structure 12 can realize coupling between the plurality of tuning elements 15 , thereby increasing the coupling amount between the tuning elements 15 and the waveguide isolator 1 , which is beneficial to widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0078] Furthermore, the multiple sub-ridge structures 120 of each ridge structure 12 form multiple steps. The multiple tuning elements 15 on the same ridge structure 12 can be arranged on the same step or on different steps, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0079] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 2 , a tuning element 15 is provided on the step formed by the first sub-ridge structure 121 , and a tuning element 15 is provided on the step formed by the second sub-ridge structure 122 .

[0080] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the coupling between the multiple tuning elements 15 on the same ridge structure 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the spacing between the multiple tuning elements 15 .

[0081] Assuming that the wavelength of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the waveguide isolator 1 is λ, on the same ridge structure 12, along the direction parallel to the second surface P2, the spacing between two adjacent tuning elements 15 is less than or equal to λ / 4. Among the multiple tuning elements 15, the spacing between the tuning element 15 closest to the ferrite 13 and the ferrite 13 is less than or equal to λ / 4, ensuring that the coupling between the multiple tuning elements 15 is large enough to meet the requirement of widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0082] Next, several connection methods of the tuning element 15 and the ridge structure 12 are introduced.

[0083] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2 , the tuning element 15 can be movably connected to the ridge structure 12 to facilitate adjustment of the height of the top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 and the vertical distance between the top surface 150 of the tuning element 15 and the top surface 123 of the sub-ridge structure 120 , thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the tuning element 15 .

[0084] For example, referring to Figures 3 and 4 , the tuning element 15 can be a screw. A threaded hole is provided on the ridge structure 12 and extends through the cavity 10. The tuning element 15 is screwed into the threaded hole. The screwing direction of the tuning element 15 is perpendicular to the electric field direction in the ridge waveguide resonant cavity (parallel to the first surface P1). Therefore, the tuning element 15 can be seen on the second surface P2 of the cavity 10. By rotating the tuning element 15, the height of the tuning element 15 can be adjusted.

[0085] In addition, the end of the tuning member 15 close to the second surface P2 is connected to the nut 18. After the height of the tuning member 15 is adjusted, the nut 18 can be used to fix the tuning member 15 to prevent the tuning member 15 from rotating in the threaded hole and causing the height of the tuning member 15 to change.

[0086] The tuning element 15 is connected to the ridge structure 12 via threads, which has high engineering feasibility and is suitable for mass production.

[0087] Exemplarily, the tuning component 15 can also be a cylinder, with a through hole provided on the ridge structure 12. The tuning component 15 and the through hole are interference fit, so that the friction between the two is relatively large. The depth of the tuning component 15 inserted into the through hole can be adjusted by applying external force, thereby adjusting the height of the tuning component 15.

[0088] For example, referring to FIG2 and FIG3 , the orthographic projection of the tuning element 15 on the second surface P2 is a circle. In other examples, the orthographic projection of the tuning element 15 on the second surface P2 may also be a polygon, such as a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, or a hexagon, wherein the quadrilateral may be a rectangle or a square.

[0089] In other embodiments, the tuning component 15 can be fixedly connected to the ridge structure 12. For example, the tuning component 15 can be processed on the ridge structure 12 by mechanical processing. The tuning component 15 and the ridge structure 12 are integrally formed, and its engineering feasibility is relatively strong, which is suitable for mass production.

[0090] FIG6 is a graph showing a simulated scattering (S) parameter of the waveguide isolator 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the horizontal axis of the graph represents the operating frequency of the device in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the energy loss in dB.

[0091] With port 164 of the first channel 161 as the signal input port and port 164 of the second channel 162 as the signal output port, curve S21 represents the forward transmission coefficient from port 164 of the first channel 161 to port 164 of the second channel 162 when port 164 of the second channel 162 is matched. The value of the ordinate corresponding to curve S21 is "insertion loss". The value of insertion loss is less than 0 dB, and its ideal value is 0 dB. The larger the value of insertion loss, the better, which indicates a higher signal transmission efficiency.

[0092] Taking the insertion loss value greater than or equal to -0.44dB as an example, and when the curve S21 is relatively flat, the bandwidth of the operating frequency corresponding to the curve S21 is 5.92GHz~11.75GHz, and its relative bandwidth can reach 66.7%, which is increased to more than 150% of the relative bandwidth of existing devices.

[0093] Curve S22 represents the reflection coefficient of port 164 of second channel 162 when port 164 of first channel 161 is matched. The value on the ordinate corresponding to curve S22 represents the "output return loss," which indicates how much energy is reflected back from port 164 of second channel 162. A smaller output return loss value is better. For example, when the operating frequency bandwidth is 5.92 GHz to 11.75 GHz, the output return loss corresponding to curve S22 is less than or equal to -18 dB.

[0094] Curve S11 represents the reflection coefficient of port 164 of first channel 161 when port 164 of second channel 162 is matched. The value on the ordinate corresponding to curve S11 represents the "input return loss," which indicates how much energy is reflected back from port 164 of first channel 161. A smaller input return loss value is better. For example, when the operating frequency bandwidth is 5.92 GHz to 11.75 GHz, the input return loss corresponding to curve S11 is less than or equal to -18 dB.

[0095] Some embodiments of the present application further provide a waveguide isolator. FIG7 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of the waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0096] Referring to Figure 7, the internal structure of the waveguide isolator 1 is basically the same as that of the waveguide isolator 1 in Figure 2. The difference is that the first channel 161, the second channel 162 and the third channel 163 of the cavity 10, the shape of the positive projection of these three channels 160 on the second surface P2 is T-shaped, and the position of the port 164 in the first channel 161 and the second channel 162 has changed to adapt to the docking requirements of the port 164.

[0097] Some embodiments of the present application further provide a waveguide isolator. FIG8 is another three-dimensional structural diagram of the waveguide isolator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0098] 8 , the cavity 10 of the waveguide isolator 1 includes three channels 160 , each channel 160 includes a plurality of interconnected sub-resonant cavities 165 , and in at least two interconnected sub-resonant cavities 165 , a ridge structure 12 and a tuning element 15 are provided in one sub-resonant cavity 165 , and a resonant element 166 is provided in the other sub-resonant cavity 165 , and the resonant element 166 is connected to the ridge structure 12 in the interconnected sub-resonant cavity 165 .

[0099] Exemplarily, each channel 160 includes three sub-resonance cavities 165 connected in sequence. Along the direction N away from the connection point of multiple channels 160, the first sub-resonance cavity is provided with a first sub-ridge structure 121 and a tuning element 15, the second sub-resonance cavity is provided with a second sub-ridge structure 122 and a resonant element 166, and the resonant element 166 is connected to the second sub-ridge structure 122, and the third sub-resonance cavity is only provided with the resonant element 166.

[0100] Since the first sub-ridge structure 121 and the second sub-ridge structure 122 are connected to form the ridge structure 12, the resonant element 166 in the second sub-resonant cavity is connected to the ridge structure 12, and the inductive coupling between the second sub-resonant cavity and the first sub-resonant cavity is achieved through the ridge structure 12, which is conducive to widening the bandwidth of the operating frequency.

[0101] It can be understood that the resonant element 166 in the second sub-resonant cavity is not connected to the resonant element 166 in the third sub-resonant cavity, and inductive coupling is achieved between the two sub-resonant cavities through air.

[0102] 8 , the resonator 166 is cylindrical in shape, and the sub-resonant cavity 165 in which the resonator 166 is located is also roughly cylindrical in shape. The resonator 166 can be coaxially arranged with the sub-resonant cavity 165 to form a sub-resonant cavity in the form of a coaxial cavity.

[0103] Some embodiments of the present application further provide a waveguide circulator. FIG9 is a top view of the waveguide circulator provided by an embodiment of the present application; FIG10 is a bottom view of the waveguide circulator provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0104] 9 and 10 , the internal structure of the waveguide circulator 2 is substantially the same as that of the waveguide isolator 1 in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , with the difference being that each of the first channel 161, the second channel 162, and the third channel 163 of the cavity 10 has a port 164 disposed therein. The port 164 extends through the cavity 10. Therefore, three ports 164 can be seen on the second surface P2 of the cavity 10. The waveguide circulator 2 is a multi-port device.

[0105] When the waveguide circulator 2 transmits or receives a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is input into the port 164 of any one of the first channel 161, the second channel 162, and the third channel 163. Under the action of the ferrite 13 and the permanent magnet 14, the radio frequency signal can be unidirectionally transmitted to any other channel in a determined order and output through the port 164 of the channel.

[0106] Some embodiments of the present application further provide a microwave outdoor unit (ODU). FIG11 is a structural diagram of the microwave outdoor unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0107] 11 , the microwave outdoor unit 3 is an outdoor module that processes the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals and is the core unit of the microwave point-to-point backhaul communication system.

[0108] The microwave outdoor unit 3 includes a lower case 31, a case cover 32, a circuit board 33, a shielding cover 34, a duplexer 35, and the waveguide isolator 1 described above. The case cover 32 is arranged on the lower case 31. The case cover 32 and the lower case 31 form a container for accommodating components. The circuit board 33, shielding cover 34, duplexer 35, and waveguide isolator 1 are all arranged in the container.

[0109] The circuit board 33 is disposed in the lower housing 31 , and the shielding cover 34 is disposed on the circuit board 33 . The signal transmission link of the circuit board 33 is connected to the shielding cover 34 via the port 36 . The waveguide isolator 1 can be integrated on the shielding cover 34 .

[0110] The duplexer 35 is mounted on the shielding cover 34 and connected to the shielding cover 34 via a port 37. The duplexer 35 is also connected to the box cover 32. The box cover 32 is provided with a common port 38, which serves as an antenna port. Signal transmission and reception of the duplexer 35 are both achieved through the common port 38.

[0111] During the process of transmitting the radio frequency signal from the microwave outdoor unit 3, the radio frequency signal is output from the circuit board 33, transmitted to the waveguide isolator 1 on the shielding cover 34 through the port 36, and transmitted to the duplexer 35 through the port 37, and finally transmitted through the common port 38 through the external antenna.

[0112] In the process of microwave outdoor unit 3 receiving radio frequency signals, the radio frequency signal is received by the external antenna, the radio frequency signal is input into duplexer 35 through common port 38, transmitted to waveguide isolator 1 on shielding cover 34 through port 37, and transmitted to circuit board 33 through port 36.

[0113] Some embodiments of the present application also provide a microwave long-haul transmission device (Long Haul, LH). FIG12 is a structural diagram of the microwave long-haul transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0114] 12 , the microwave long-distance transmission device 4 is used for microwave communication long-distance transmission scenarios, usually in the microwave low frequency band (for example, 6 GHz to 11 GHz), and has the performance characteristics of multi-channel, large capacity, and long-distance transmission.

[0115] The microwave long-distance transmission equipment 4 adopts a design in which the microwave radio frequency unit (RFU) 4a and the microwave branching unit (BU) 4b are separated. It can flexibly combine multiple channels and frequencies, making full use of the limited frequency resources of low-frequency microwaves to achieve higher link capacity.

[0116] The microwave radio frequency unit 4a includes a lower box body 41, a box cover 42, a circuit board 43, a shielding cover 44, and the waveguide isolator 1 described above. The box cover 42 is arranged on the lower box body 41. The box cover 42 and the lower box body 41 form a container for accommodating components. The circuit board 43, shielding cover 44, and waveguide isolator 1 are all arranged in the container.

[0117] The circuit board 43 is disposed in the lower box 41 , the shielding cover 44 is disposed on the circuit board 43 , and the signal transmission link of the circuit board 43 is connected to the shielding cover 44 .

[0118] The waveguide isolator 1 is mounted on the shielding cover 44 and connected to the shielding cover 44 via a port 45. The waveguide isolator 1 is also connected to the box cover 42, which is provided with a port 46. The microwave radio frequency unit 4a transmits and receives signals via the port 46.

[0119] When the microwave long-distance transmission device 4 transmits a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is transmitted from the circuit board 43 to the shielding cover 44 , and then transmitted to the waveguide isolator 1 through the port 45 , and finally emitted through the port 46 .

[0120] When the microwave long-distance transmission device 4 receives the radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is input into the waveguide isolator 1 through the port 46 , transmitted to the shielding cover 44 through the port 45 , and then transmitted from the shielding cover 44 to the circuit board 43 .

[0121] Continuing to refer to FIG. 12 , the microwave branch unit 4 b is disposed on the microwave radio frequency unit 4 a , and the microwave branch unit 4 b is connected to the waveguide isolator 1 through the box cover 42 , for example, the microwave branch unit 4 b is connected to the waveguide isolator 1 through the port 46 .

[0122] FIG13 is an architecture diagram of the microwave branching unit 4 b provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0123] Referring to Figure 13 , microwave branching unit 4b includes a low-frequency station and a high-frequency station. The low-frequency station receives signals at a lower frequency than the transmitted signal, while the high-frequency station receives signals at a higher frequency than the transmitted signal. Both the low-frequency station and the high-frequency station include the aforementioned waveguide circulator 2, duplexer 47, antenna 48, and circuit board 49.

[0124] Exemplarily, each low station or high station has four signal channels, namely CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4, wherein the signal channels CH1 and CH2 are connected to the two ports 46 of one microwave radio frequency unit 4a, and the signal channels CH3 and CH4 are connected to the two ports 46 of another microwave radio frequency unit 4a.

[0125] Each signal channel is connected to two duplexers 47 for transmitting and receiving signals respectively.

[0126] Each duplexer 47 is connected to an antenna 48 via a plurality of waveguide circulators 2 , and the plurality of waveguide circulators 2 are further connected to a circuit board 49 .

[0127] During the process of transmitting the RF signal by the microwave long-distance transmission device 4, the RF signal is input into the signal channel from the microwave RF unit 4a via the port 46 and is transmitted to the waveguide circulator 2 via the duplexer 47. The multiple waveguide circulators 2 transmit the signal unidirectionally to the antenna 48 in a predetermined order, thereby finally realizing the transmission of the RF signal.

[0128] When the microwave long-distance transmission device 4 receives the RF signal, the antenna 48 receives the RF signal and transmits it to the waveguide circulator 2. The multiple waveguide circulators 2 transmit the signal unidirectionally to the duplexer 47 in a predetermined order, and finally output it to the microwave RF unit 4a through the signal channel and port 46.

[0129] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide device, characterized in that, it comprises: a cavity including opposite first and second surfaces, a chamber being formed on the first surface; a cover plate disposed on the first surface and covering the chamber; a ridge structure disposed in the chamber; a ferrite disposed on the ridge structure; a permanent magnet disposed on the second surface; a tuning member disposed on the ridge structure and spaced apart from the ferrite; wherein, the tuning member includes a top surface away from the second surface, the ridge structure includes a top surface away from the second surface, and the top surface of the tuning member is higher than the top surface of the ridge structure.

2. The waveguide device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the chamber includes a plurality of channels, one ends of the plurality of channels being connected; each channel is provided with one of the ridge structures, and the plurality of ridge structures are connected at the connection of the plurality of channels; at least one of the tuning members is disposed on the ridge structure.

3. The waveguide device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the ridge structure includes a plurality of sub-ridge structures, and along the length extension direction of the channel, the plurality of sub-ridge structures are connected in sequence; the plurality of sub-ridge structures include top surfaces away from the second surface, and along the direction away from the connection of the plurality of channels, the heights of the top surfaces of the plurality of sub-ridge structures with respect to the second surface decrease in sequence, and the top surfaces of the plurality of sub-ridge structures form a plurality of steps; a plurality of the tuning members are disposed on the ridge structure, and the plurality of tuning members are disposed on the same step, or, the plurality of tuning members are disposed on different steps.

4. The waveguide device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, a plurality of the tuning members are disposed on the ridge structure, and along a direction parallel to the second surface, the distance between two adjacent tuning members is less than or equal to λ / 4; the ferrite is disposed at the connection of the plurality of ridge structures, and along a direction parallel to the second surface, among the plurality of tuning members on the ridge structure, the distance between the tuning member closest to the ferrite and the ferrite is less than or equal to λ / 4; the waveguide device is used for transmitting radio frequency signals, and λ is the wavelength of the radio frequency signals.

5. The waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the tuning member is movably connected to the ridge structure to adjust the vertical distance between the top surface of the tuning member and the top surface of the ridge structure.

6. The waveguide device according to claim 5, characterized in that, the tuning member is threadedly connected to the ridge structure.

7. The waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the tuning member and the ridge structure are integrally formed.

8. The waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, the shape of the orthographic projection of the tuning member on the second surface includes a polygon or a circle.

9. The waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, the chamber includes a plurality of channels, one ends of the plurality of channels being connected, and the channels include a plurality of resonant cavities connected to each other; In at least two interconnected resonant cavities, one resonant cavity is provided with the ridge structure and the tuning member, and the other resonant cavity is provided with a resonant member, and the resonant member is connected to the ridge structure.

10. The waveguide device according to claim 9, wherein, the shape of the resonant member includes a cylinder, the shape of the resonant cavity where the resonant member is located includes a cylinder, and the resonant member is coaxially arranged with the resonant cavity.

11. The waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, the chamber includes three channels; the shapes of the orthographic projections of the three channels on the second surface are in a Y shape or a T shape.

12. A waveguide circulator, wherein, the waveguide circulator includes the waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 11; the chamber in the cavity of the waveguide device includes a plurality of channels, one ends of the plurality of channels are interconnected, each channel is provided with a port, and the port penetrates through the cavity.

13. A waveguide isolator, wherein, the waveguide isolator includes the waveguide device according to any one of claims 1 to 11; the chamber in the cavity of the waveguide device includes a plurality of channels, one ends of the plurality of channels are interconnected, one of the plurality of channels is provided with an absorbing load structure, and each of the remaining channels is provided with a port, and the port penetrates through the cavity.

14. A microwave outdoor unit, wherein, the microwave outdoor unit includes a lower box body, a box cover, a circuit board, a shielding cover, a duplexer and the waveguide isolator according to claim 13; the box cover is arranged on the lower box body, the box cover and the lower box body form a container, the circuit board, the shielding cover and the duplexer are arranged in the container, the shielding cover and the duplexer are sequentially arranged on the circuit board, and the duplexer is connected to the box cover; the waveguide isolator is integrated on the shielding cover.

15. A microwave long-distance transmission device, wherein, comprising: a microwave radio frequency unit, including a lower box body, a box cover, a circuit board, a shielding cover and the waveguide isolator according to claim 13; the box cover is arranged on the lower box body, the box cover and the lower box body form a container, the circuit board, the shielding cover and the waveguide isolator are arranged in the container, the shielding cover and the waveguide isolator are sequentially arranged on the circuit board, and the waveguide isolator is connected to the box cover; a microwave splitting unit, arranged on the microwave radio frequency unit, and the microwave splitting unit is connected to the waveguide isolator through the box cover.

16. A microwave long-distance transmission device, wherein, comprising: a microwave radio frequency unit; a microwave splitting unit, arranged on the microwave radio frequency unit, and the microwave splitting unit includes the waveguide circulator according to claim 12.

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