High-efficiency cultivation method for taproot oak tree and application thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of forest tree cultivation technology, and in particular to an efficient cultivation method and application for oak trees with well-developed taproots, comprising the following steps: S1, Standard seedling cultivation: Oak seedlings are cultivated using a biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling container filled with a seedling substrate composed of a lightweight matrix and a compound controlled-release fertilizer; S2, Mixed gel preparation: A water-retaining agent, microbial agent, and slow-release fertilizer are mixed with water to prepare a water-fertilizer-bacteria mixed gel; S3, Planting operation: Planting holes are dug at the planned location. A predetermined amount of the water-fertilizer-bacteria mixed gel is first applied to the bottom of the hole. Then, the roots of the standard seedlings cultivated in step S1 are dipped in the mixed gel and placed in the planting hole. Soil is backfilled and compacted; a surrounding dike is built around the seedlings. The biodegradable non-woven fabric container of this invention fixes the root system and prevents tangling during the seedling stage. After planting, it degrades without forming an obstacle, achieving truly whole-root, damage-free transplanting. The lightweight matrix creates a loose and breathable ideal environment for root development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest tree cultivation technology, and in particular to an efficient cultivation method and application for oak trees with well-developed taproots. Background Technology

[0002] Oak trees are important timber, ecological, and landscape tree species in my country, possessing extremely high economic and ecological value. However, many oak species, represented by cork oak, Quercus variabilis, and Mongolian oak, are of the taproot type, with thick taproots and prominent straight root systems, while lateral roots and fibrous roots are relatively underdeveloped.

[0003] This biological characteristic leads to two major technical challenges in the traditional bare-root seedling transplanting process:

[0004] First, the transplant survival rate is low: the taproot is easily damaged when the seedlings are lifted, and the recovery ability after damage is weak. After planting, it is difficult to quickly establish an effective water and nutrient absorption system, resulting in a long recovery period or even death.

[0005] Secondly, the growth rate is slow: the process of root system recovery and adaptation to the new environment after transplanting is lengthy, which seriously affects the early growth and prolongs the cycle of forestation and timber production.

[0006] While conventional container seedling cultivation can protect the root system, commonly used plastic containers often restrict the normal downward extension of the taproot, easily leading to root entanglement and coiling. A single seedling typically weighs around 2-4 pounds, which is very heavy, making it extremely easy for the bulb to break apart during lifting and transportation. Furthermore, the cost is very high. Even after transplanting from the pot, the root system can still be damaged, affecting the survival rate. Digging planting holes is also quite large, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly.

[0007] Therefore, developing a cultivation method that can overcome the drawbacks of transplanting oak trees with well-developed taproots, significantly improve the survival rate, promote early and rapid growth, and reduce costs is of essential practical significance for the efficient cultivation and widespread planting of oak trees with well-developed taproots (such as cork oak, oak, and Mongolian oak). Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an efficient cultivation method for oak trees with well-developed taproots, comprising the following steps: S1, standard seedling cultivation: using biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling containers, filling them with a seedling substrate composed of a lightweight substrate and a compound controlled-release fertilizer, to cultivate oak seedlings.

[0009] S2. Preparation of mixed gel: Water-retaining agent, microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer are mixed with water to prepare a water-fertilizer-microbial mixed gel.

[0010] S3. Planting operation: Dig planting holes at the planned location, first apply a predetermined amount of the water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel to the bottom of the hole, then dip the roots of the standard seedlings cultivated in step S1 into the mixed gel, place them in the planting hole, backfill the soil and compact it; build a surrounding dike around the seedlings.

[0011] Biodegradable non-woven fabric containers prevent root entanglement and coiling from the source, thus protecting the root system during the seedling stage. The water-fertilizer-bacteria mixed gel creates a microenvironment that integrates water retention, fertilization, and growth promotion for the roots. During the transplanting process, the dual application of gel at the bottom of the planting hole and root dipping ensures full contact between the roots and the gel. Combined with standardized backfilling, compaction, and embankment operations, this achieves transplanting without damage to the entire root system, completely solving the core problems of slow root recovery and insufficient water and nutrient supply after transplanting, ensuring rapid seedling survival and entry into the rapid growth period.

[0012] The above steps enable the whole-root, non-destructive transplanting of oak trees with well-developed taproots. This is achieved through the combination of biodegradable non-woven containers and planting operations: there is no need to cut the taproot or remove the tree from its pot during planting, resulting in high root integrity and avoiding the low survival rate caused by root damage during transplanting; at the same time, a continuous and stable microenvironment is formed around the root system, solving the problems of water stress, insufficient nutrient supply, and slow root recovery in the early stages of transplanting; frequent watering is no longer required, shortening the recovery period from the traditional 3-6 months to less than 1 month, with no obvious signs of slow recovery in the seedlings; this achieves a dual optimization of afforestation efficiency and cost, replacing the complex process of traditional large-hole digging and manual root pruning; the labor cost per tree is reduced, planting efficiency is improved, and it is suitable for large-scale mechanized afforestation.

[0013] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made to include: the lightweight matrix comprising at least two of the following: peat, perlite, vermiculite, coconut coir, coconut fiber, treated agricultural and forestry waste, and industrial waste.

[0014] By combining two or more substrate components, a lightweight substrate system with stable physicochemical properties is formed. Components such as peat and coconut coir ensure the substrate's water and fertilizer retention capacity, while components such as perlite and vermiculite enhance the substrate's aeration and porosity. Treated agricultural and forestry waste and industrial waste can further optimize the substrate structure and replenish organic matter. The synergistic effect of multiple components provides an ideal environment for the growth of oak tree taproots, lateral roots, and fibrous roots, while avoiding problems such as substrate compaction, excessive weight leading to clump separation, and difficulty in transportation. The substrate has excellent aeration and water retention properties, effectively avoiding the problems of traditional soil substrates that are prone to compaction, waterlogging, and root rot. It provides an optimal environment for the downward extension of the oak tree's developed taproot and the sprouting of fibrous roots, resulting in well-developed root systems and vigorous growth of seedlings during the seedling stage.

[0015] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following optimization is made: in the mixed gel, the ratio of water-retaining agent, microbial agent, slow-release fertilizer and water meets the following requirements: the water-retaining agent absorbs 200 times the amount of water, the microbial agent is diluted 300 times, and each liter of water contains 6 grams of slow-release fertilizer.

[0016] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made in step S1, where the volume ratio of peat to perlite in the light matrix component is 3:2.

[0017] To address the root growth needs of oak seedlings during the seedling stage, a 3:2 volume ratio of peat moss and perlite is used to achieve an optimal balance between water retention and aeration. Peat moss, as the core substrate component, possesses strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, adsorbing and continuously releasing nutrients while containing abundant organic matter to provide basic nutrition for seedling growth. Perlite, with its porous structure, significantly improves the substrate's aeration porosity, preventing substrate compaction and enhancing drainage capacity to prevent waterlogging and root rot. The 3:2 volume ratio ensures sufficient water retention, avoiding frequent watering during the seedling stage, while also providing ample aeration pores, creating an optimal water-air ratio environment for the downward extension of the oak taproot and the sprouting of fibrous roots.

[0018] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: in step S1, the amount of compound controlled-release fertilizer added to the seedling substrate is 2 kg / m³. 3 Up to 3.5 kg / m 3 .

[0019] To meet the nutrient requirements of 1-2 year old container oak seedlings throughout their entire growth cycle, a controlled-release fertilizer application rate of 2 kg / m³ to 3.5 kg / m³ is used to achieve long-term, balanced, and continuous nutrient release. The compound controlled-release fertilizer has a coated slow-release structure, which can slowly release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements according to the seedling growth rate and ambient temperature during the seedling cycle. This avoids the problems of seedling burn and excessive growth caused by the concentrated release of nutrients in the early stage of traditional fast-acting fertilizers, and nutrient deficiency and weak growth caused by nutrient depletion in the later stage. This application rate range can be adapted to the different nutrient requirements of 1-2 year old seedlings at different growth stages. In synergy with the lightweight substrate system, it can significantly improve nutrient utilization, reduce nutrient loss, and provide a stable and balanced nutrient supply for the entire seedling growth cycle.

[0020] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following optimization is made: In step S1, the biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling container adopts a cylindrical, bottomless container structure.

[0021] The container specifications for cultivating one-year-old seedlings are: 4.5cm in diameter and 10cm to 12cm in height;

[0022] The container specifications for cultivating 2-year-old seedlings are: 5.5cm in diameter and 11cm to 13cm in height.

[0023] Targeting the core biological characteristic of oak trees with well-developed taproots that grow vertically downwards, this product utilizes a cylindrical, bottomless, biodegradable non-woven fabric container structure to fundamentally solve the root-binding and coiling problems associated with traditional plastic containers. The bottomless design allows the taproot to extend freely downwards without being obstructed by the container bottom, preventing curling and root binding. The breathable and water-permeable non-woven fabric allows for air pruning of roots, promoting the germination of lateral and fibrous roots and forming a well-developed root ball. The biodegradable material naturally degrades in the soil after planting, without creating a physical barrier to root extension, eliminating the need for transplanting from the pot and avoiding root breakage and damage during the removal process. Different container sizes are precisely adapted to the taproot growth length of 1-2 year old seedlings, avoiding the problems of containers that are too small restricting taproot growth and containers that are too large causing substrate waste and transportation difficulties.

[0024] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following further optimization is made: In step S2, the agricultural and forestry waste is at least one of rice husks, sawdust, bark, corn cobs, straw, and rice husks that have been fermented or carbonized.

[0025] Industrial waste includes at least one of the following: furnace slag, bagasse, Chinese medicine residue, paper mill waste, and furfural plant waste.

[0026] To address the raw material requirements of seedling substrates, agricultural and forestry waste and industrial waste are fermented or carbonized to render them harmless, and then used as the core components of lightweight substrates, replacing some peat resources. Fermentation or carbonization can completely eliminate harmful bacteria, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the waste, preventing seedling diseases, pests, and weeds. At the same time, it decomposes the large organic molecules in the waste into small molecule nutrients that are easily absorbed by seedlings, increasing the organic matter content of the substrate. The fermented / carbonized waste has a loose and porous structure, which can significantly improve the air permeability and water retention of the substrate, optimize the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, and form a stable lightweight substrate system in synergy with components such as peat and perlite. This also realizes the resource utilization of waste, reduces substrate costs, and reduces environmental pollution.

[0027] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following optimization is made: In step S3, the planting hole is drilled using an open-hole drill bit with a diameter of 10-15cm and a depth of 20-30cm.

[0028] In step S3, the amount of water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel applied to each planting hole is 200 grams;

[0029] In step S3, when backfilling the soil, when it reaches 2 / 3 of the depth of the planting hole, gently lift the seedling upwards, then continue backfilling and compacting, so that the root collar of the seedling is 5cm lower than the surface soil.

[0030] In step S3, the cofferdam is built within a diameter of 30cm to 50cm centered on the sapling, and the cofferdam is 10cm to 15cm high;

[0031] Oaks with well-developed taproots include, but are not limited to, cork oak, oak, and Mongolian oak.

[0032] To meet the planting needs of oak trees with well-developed taproots, a standardized planting process ensures rapid planting, root expansion, and survival. The use of a pre-drilled drill bit creates cylindrical planting holes of uniform diameter and depth, minimizing disturbance to the surrounding soil and providing a channel for the taproot to extend downwards, while significantly improving digging efficiency. Applying 200 grams of mixed gel to the bottom of the hole creates a continuous water, fertilizer, and microbial supply layer at the base of the root system. Combined with root dipping, this ensures comprehensive root contact with the gel, preventing water loss from direct soil contact. Lifting the seedling when backfilling to 2 / 3 allows curled roots to naturally expand, preventing root entrapment and ensuring close contact between roots and soil. A 5cm burial depth below the root collar prevents water loss from exposed root collars and enhances the seedling's resistance to lodging. A standardized embankment design collects rainwater and irrigation water, preventing soil erosion and ensuring adequate moisture supply around the roots.

[0033] The present invention also provides an application of an efficient cultivation method for oak trees with well-developed taproots, which is applied to the artificial afforestation and cultivation of oak trees with well-developed taproots.

[0034] This method can be applied on a large scale to the artificial afforestation and cultivation of oak trees with well-developed taproots, so as to achieve efficient and large-scale cultivation and promotion of this type of high-value ecological and timber tree species.

[0035] Based on any of the above technical solutions, the following further optimizations are made: the artificial afforestation cultivation includes afforestation in arid and barren sites, ecological restoration afforestation in soil compaction sites, cultivation of oak timber forests, and cultivation of landscape ecological forests.

[0036] The efficient cultivation method of this invention, combined with different formulations of water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gels, can meet the afforestation needs of different site conditions and different cultivation goals. The general-purpose gel is suitable for the afforestation needs of general sites, the enhanced gel is suitable for the water retention and growth promotion needs of arid and barren sites, and the ecological improvement gel is suitable for the ecological restoration needs of sites with compacted soil. At the same time, the seedling and planting process can be adapted to different cultivation goals such as fast-growing and high-yield timber forests and uniform growth of landscape ecological forests, realizing the cultivation of oak artificial afforestation in all scenarios.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] 1. The biodegradable non-woven fabric container of this invention fixes the roots and prevents tangling during the seedling stage. After transplanting, it degrades without forming an obstacle, achieving truly whole-root, damage-free transplanting. The lightweight substrate creates an ideal, loose, and breathable environment for root development.

[0039] 2. The water-fertilizer-bacterial gel applied at the time of transplanting creates a local microenvironment around the roots. The water-retaining agent helps retain moisture for a long time, the slow-release fertilizer slowly releases nutrients, and the microbial agent promotes root development and nutrient absorption. This triple protection effectively solves the problems of water stress and nutrient supply in the early stages of transplanting, greatly shortening the seedling recovery period.

[0040] 3. Standardized operation and high survival rate: Standardized seedling raising and standardized transplanting process (root dipping, application of base gel, seedling lifting, compaction, and embankment construction) ensure the scientific nature of each step. The entire technology forms a complete closed loop with strong repeatability, which can stably increase the transplant survival rate to over 95%.

[0041] 4. Promotes early rapid growth: A good root system initial environment and continuous water and fertilizer supply enable seedlings to quickly adapt to the planting site conditions and enter a rapid growth period, which significantly increases the annual growth after afforestation.

[0042] 5. Resource utilization and environmental protection: The substrate makes full use of agricultural and forestry waste and some industrial waste, turning waste into treasure; the biodegradable container avoids white pollution and is in line with the concept of ecological forestry development. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of low survival rate, long seedling establishment period and slow early growth of oak trees with well-developed taproots in the prior art. It provides a systematic and efficient cultivation technology that achieves whole-root and whole-seedling transplanting without damage by combining lightweight biodegradable container seedling raising with water-fertilizer-bacterial gel planting mode, and creates the best initial growth environment for the root system, thereby greatly improving the afforestation effect.

[0045] An efficient cultivation method for oak trees with well-developed taproots includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Standard seedling cultivation

[0047] 1. Seedling substrate preparation: A lightweight, breathable, and water-retaining mixture is used as the substrate. Main raw materials may include peat, perlite, vermiculite, coconut coir, coconut fiber, and fully fermented or carbonized agricultural and forestry waste (such as rice husks, sawdust, bark, corn cobs, straw, rice husks, etc.) and some suitable industrial waste (such as slag, bagasse, medicinal herb residue, paper mill waste, furfural plant waste, etc.). A 3:2 volume ratio of peat moss to perlite is preferred. Simultaneously, a compound controlled-release fertilizer is added to the substrate at a ratio of 2 kg / m³ to 3.5 kg / m³ to provide long-lasting and balanced nutrients for the seedlings.

[0048] 2. Seedling container selection: Use cylindrical, bottomless seedling bags made of biodegradable non-woven fabric, either artificially or mechanically. This design ensures substrate permeability and prevents root entrapment, while also degrading after transplanting without hindering root growth. Different specifications are used for different seedling ages: for 1-year-old (1a) seedlings, use containers with a diameter of approximately 4.5cm and a height of 10-12cm; for 2-year-old (2a) seedlings, use containers with a diameter of approximately 5.5cm and a height of 11-13cm.

[0049] 3. Seedling management: Fill the prepared substrate into seedling bags, and after sowing or transplanting the seedlings, carry out routine seedling management of water, light and pests and diseases to cultivate standard seedlings with well-developed root systems.

[0050] Step 2: Preparation of water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel

[0051] Before transplanting, a mixed gel integrating water retention, fertilization, and growth promotion is prepared. Its core lies in mixing water-retaining agents, microbial agents, and slow-release fertilizers with water in a scientifically formulated ratio to form a carrier that provides continuous moisture, nutrients, and biostimulation to the roots. The following are three specific preparation methods:

[0052] Formula 1: General-purpose water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel (suitable for general site conditions)

[0053] 1. Components and Proportions: Taking the preparation of 10 liters of mixed gel as an example. Take 50 grams of potassium polyacrylamide water-retaining agent and place it in a mixing container. Add about 8 liters of water and stir slowly until the water-retaining agent fully absorbs water and swells to a saturated gel state (total volume about 10 liters). Then, add 33.3 ml (about 300 times diluted) of a liquid inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Finally, add 60 grams of a coated controlled-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-15-15.

[0054] 2. Preparation method: After the water-retaining agent has fully absorbed water to form a transparent gel base, the microbial inoculant is slowly added under low-speed stirring to ensure that the inoculant is evenly dispersed in the gel. Finally, slow-release fertilizer granules are added, and stirring continues until the granules are initially dispersed in the gel system. The prepared gel is a viscous jelly-like consistency that can clump together but does not fall apart.

[0055] Formula 2: Enhanced water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel (suitable for barren, arid, or rapidly growing plots)

[0056] 1. Components and Proportions: Taking the preparation of 10 liters of mixed gel as an example. Take 50 grams of potassium polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, add about 7.5 liters of water, and stir to form a saturated gel base. Add 20 grams of humic acid powder and stir thoroughly until dissolved and dispersed. Then, add 40 ml (about 250 times diluted, slightly higher than the general type to increase the inoculation density) of compound microbial inoculant (in addition to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, add specific growth-promoting bacteria such as Bacillus jellyii). Finally, add 60 grams of slow-release fertilizer (a high-nitrogen type containing trace elements, such as 18-12-10, can be used to promote early growth) and 20 grams of superphosphate (to provide readily available phosphorus and stimulate root development).

[0057] 2. Preparation method: The water can be appropriately heated (not exceeding 40℃) to promote the dissolution of humic acid. First, dissolve the humic acid in part of the water, then mix it with the water-retaining agent and the gel base, stirring until combined. Next, add the microbial inoculant, and finally add the slow-release fertilizer and superphosphate, stirring thoroughly to mix. The resulting gel has a darker color, higher viscosity, and stronger water retention and nutrient supply capabilities.

[0058] Formula 3: Ecologically improved water-fertilizer-bacteria mixed gel (suitable for soils with compaction, low biological activity, or requiring continuous improvement)

[0059] 1. Components and Proportions: Taking the preparation of 10 liters of mixed gel as an example. Take 50 grams of potassium polyacrylamide water-retaining agent and add about 8 liters of water to form a gel base. Add 30 ml of seaweed extract (a natural biostimulant). Then, add 50 ml (about 200 times diluted) of a high-concentration compound microbial agent (mainly containing a large number of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and lignocellulose-degrading bacteria to promote soil microecological balance). Finally, add 50 grams of organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer (such as slow-release fertilizer coated with organic raw materials such as soybean meal and bone meal) and 10 grams of potassium silicate (to enhance seedling stress resistance).

[0060] 2. Preparation method: First, mix the seaweed extract with some water until homogeneous, then pour it into the water-retaining gel and stir thoroughly. Next, add the compound microbial agent, and finally add the organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer granules and potassium silicate powder, and stir evenly. This formula gel has the characteristics of improving soil structure, activating the microbial community, and providing comprehensive nutrition.

[0061] Step 3: Planting Operation

[0062] 1. Land preparation and planting: Mark the planting points with lime according to the designed plant spacing (e.g., 3m×2m or 4m×1.5m).

[0063] 2. Digging planting holes: Use a drill bit to drill a cylindrical hole about 10cm in diameter and 20-30cm deep at the planting point. This method can reduce the disturbance to the surrounding soil, form a channel that is conducive to the roots growing down, and greatly reduce the cost of digging holes and improve work efficiency.

[0064] 3. Apply base gel: Apply about 200 grams of the prepared water-fertilizer-bacteria mixture gel to the bottom of each planting hole.

[0065] 4. Planting: Take the standard seedling out of the seedling container (since it is a bottomless non-woven bag, it can usually be put directly into the container, or carefully removed to prevent the seedling from falling apart), first dip the roots thoroughly in the gel, and then put it into the planting hole, ensuring that the seedling is upright.

[0066] 5. Backfilling and lifting the seedling: Backfill the hole with soil. When the hole is about 2 / 3 full, gently lift the seedling upwards to allow the roots to spread out and make close contact with the soil. Continue to fill the hole with soil at the same time.

[0067] 6. Compaction and burial depth: Continue backfilling the soil until the root collar is about 5cm below the ground surface, then tamp the soil down to ensure that the roots are in close contact with the soil.

[0068] 7. Construct a dam: Around the sapling, about 30-50cm from the trunk, build a circular dam about 10-15cm high with soil to collect water during rainfall and prevent soil erosion.

[0069] Example: High-efficiency afforestation of *Quercus variabilis*

[0070] 1. Seedling raising: Mix peat moss and perlite in a 3:2 volume ratio until homogeneous. Add 3 kg / m³ of a compound controlled-release fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15-15-15 to obtain the seedling substrate. Select bottomless biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling bags with a diameter of 5.5 cm and a height of 12 cm, and fill them with the substrate. Select robust 1-year-old cork oak seedlings and transplant them into the bags. Carefully manage them for 1 year to cultivate them into well-developed 2-year-old container seedlings.

[0071] 2. Gel preparation: One day before planting, mix the water-retaining agent (potassium polyacrylamide) with water at a ratio of 200 times the water absorption, and let it stand to fully absorb water. Then, add the compound microbial agent (mainly containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) at a ratio of 300 times dilution, and then add slow-release compound fertilizer calculated at 6 grams per liter of water. Stir and mix evenly to make a viscous gel for later use.

[0072] 3. Planting: Planting should be done after the soil thaws in spring. Mark planting points at a spacing of 3m × 2m. Using a 10cm diameter drill bit, drill a 30cm deep planting hole vertically at each point. Apply approximately 200g of the prepared mixed gel to the bottom of each hole. Carefully remove the cultivated cork oak container seedling (ensuring the root ball remains intact) and thoroughly dip the roots into the gel. Place the seedling vertically into the hole, with the surface of the original root ball slightly below the ground level. Backfill with fine soil until it reaches about 2 / 3 of the hole's depth, then gently lift the seedling to allow the roots to spread out. Continue backfilling and compacting, until the root collar is approximately 5cm below the ground surface. Construct a 12cm high earthen embankment about 40cm from the trunk and tamp it down. Water thoroughly immediately after planting.

[0073] Compared with traditional bare-root seedling transplanting, the survival rate of cork oak planted using the technology of this invention increased from less than 70% to over 97% in the same year, and the average height growth increased by more than 45% in the same year. In addition, the seedlings were more uniform and grew vigorously.

[0074] In summary, this invention utilizes a biodegradable bottomless non-woven fabric seedling container combined with a specific ratio of lightweight substrate and compound controlled-release fertilizer as its core seedling technology. This technology precisely adapts to the biological characteristics of the taproot-growing trees of oak species, which have well-developed taproots, allowing the taproots to grow vertically downwards. This solves the technical problems of root constriction and entanglement caused by traditional plastic containers. The bottomless design allows the taproots to grow freely and straight, and the biodegradable material allows for direct planting without removing the seedling from its pot. The entire process from seedling cultivation to planting ensures the integrity of the root system, avoiding the core damage caused by taproot pruning and root tearing in traditional transplanting methods. This invention can reliably increase the transplant survival rate of taproot-growing oak species such as cork oak and Mongolian oak from less than 70% to over 97%, fundamentally solving the problem of difficult survival rates for these tree species during transplanting.

[0075] Secondly, this invention overcomes the technical shortcomings of traditional planting methods, such as unsustainable water and fertilizer supply and low colonization rate of microbial agents, by using a water-fertilizer-microbial mixed gel with a specific ratio of water-retaining agent, microbial agent, and slow-release fertilizer as its core technology feature. The gel base formed by 200 times water-absorbing and water-retaining agent achieves long-term water retention for 2-3 months, while the 300 times diluted microbial agent significantly improves the root colonization rate under the protection of the gel. The 6g / L slow-release fertilizer achieves balanced and slow release of nutrients. The three work together to form a stable microenvironment around the roots that integrates water retention, fertilizer supply, and growth promotion. Combined with the dual application of gel at the bottom of the planting hole and root dipping, the roots are in full contact with the gel, which completely solves the three major problems of water stress, nutrient interruption, and slow root recovery in the early stage of transplanting. The traditional 3-6 month seedling recovery period is shortened to less than 1 month, and there is no obvious seedling recovery phenomenon after planting. The seedlings directly enter the rapid growth period.

[0076] In addition, the present invention completely replaces the traditional complex afforestation process of large-diameter planting hole excavation, root pruning, and flood irrigation by using core technologies such as small-diameter drilling with perforated drill bits, precise gel application, and standardized seedling lifting, compaction, and embankment construction. The diameter of the planting hole is reduced from more than 50cm to 10-15cm, the efficiency of single hole excavation is increased by more than 10 times, the labor cost of single plant planting is reduced by more than 60%, and the weight of the lightweight substrate container seedling is only 1 / 3 of that of the traditional soil ball seedling, which greatly reduces the transportation cost.

[0077] Finally, this invention, through the organic synergy of three major stages—seedling cultivation, gel preparation, and planting—not only ensures the survival rate of seedlings but also significantly promotes early and rapid growth of seedlings through the synergistic effects of root system integrity protection, continuous water and fertilizer supply, and rhizosphere microecological improvement. Compared with traditional bare-root seedling afforestation, the average annual growth is increased by more than 45%, greatly shortening the cycle of forestation and timber production. At the same time, through three differentiated gel formulations—general, enhanced, and ecologically improved—it can flexibly adapt to different afforestation scenarios such as general sites, arid and barren sites, and soil compaction and degradation sites, breaking through the limitations of traditional oak afforestation's high requirements for site conditions and expanding the afforestation scope to harsh sites where traditional methods are difficult to establish forests. In addition, the resource utilization of substrate raw materials from agricultural and forestry industrial waste and the biodegradable containers eliminate white pollution, achieving a synergistic improvement in ecological and economic benefits.

[0078] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or transformations made to the implementation of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A highly efficient cultivation method for oak trees with well-developed taproots, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Standard seedling cultivation: Use biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling containers, fill them with a seedling substrate composed of lightweight substrate and compound controlled-release fertilizer, and cultivate oak seedlings; S2. Preparation of mixed gel: Water-retaining agent, microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer are mixed with water to prepare a water-fertilizer-microbial mixed gel; S3. Planting operation: Dig planting holes at the planned location, first apply a predetermined amount of the water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel to the bottom of the hole, then dip the roots of the standard seedlings cultivated in step S1 into the mixed gel, place them in the planting hole, backfill the soil and compact it; build a surrounding dike around the seedlings.

2. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight substrate comprises at least two of the following: peat, perlite, vermiculite, coconut coir, coconut fiber, treated agricultural and forestry waste, and industrial waste.

3. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mixed gel, the ratio of water-retaining agent, microbial agent, slow-release fertilizer and water meets the following requirements: water-retaining agent absorbs 200 times the amount of water, microbial agent is diluted 300 times, and each liter of water contains 6 grams of slow-release fertilizer.

4. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the volume ratio of peat to perlite in the light matrix component is 3:

2.

5. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of compound controlled-release fertilizer added to the seedling substrate is 2 kg / m³. 3 Up to 3.5 kg / m 3 .

6. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the biodegradable nonwoven fabric seedling container adopts a cylindrical, bottomless container structure; The container specifications for cultivating one-year-old seedlings are: 4.5cm in diameter and 10cm to 12cm in height; The container specifications for cultivating 2-year-old seedlings are: 5.5cm in diameter and 11cm to 13cm in height.

7. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the agricultural and forestry waste is at least one of rice husks, sawdust, bark, corn cobs, straw, and rice husks that have been fermented or carbonized. Industrial waste includes at least one of the following: furnace slag, bagasse, Chinese medicine residue, paper mill waste, and furfural plant waste.

8. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the planting hole is drilled using an open-hole drill bit, with a diameter of 10-15cm and a depth of 20-30cm; In step S3, the amount of water-fertilizer-bacterial mixed gel applied to each planting hole is 200 grams; In step S3, when backfilling the soil, when it reaches 2 / 3 of the depth of the planting hole, gently lift the seedling upwards, then continue backfilling and compacting, so that the root collar of the seedling is 5cm lower than the surface soil. In step S3, the cofferdam is built within a diameter of 30cm to 50cm centered on the sapling, and the cofferdam is 10cm to 15cm high; Oaks with well-developed taproots include, but are not limited to, cork oak, oak, and Mongolian oak.

9. An application of an efficient cultivation method for oak trees with well-developed taproots, characterized in that: The efficient cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied to the artificial afforestation and cultivation of oak trees with well-developed taproots.

10. The efficient cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The artificial afforestation cultivation includes afforestation in arid and barren sites, ecological restoration afforestation in sites with compacted soil, cultivation of oak timber forests, and cultivation of landscape ecological forests.