A native waste sorting system and method for the offshore region of west africa

Abstract

This invention discloses a raw waste sorting system and method for the coastal areas of West Africa, comprising: raw waste being transported by a loader or grab bucket to a chain conveyor loading section, and then entering a bar screen sorting section to obtain a first oversize and a first undersize; the first undersize sequentially entering a manual sorting section and a drum screen sorting section to obtain a second oversize and a second undersize; the second undersize, after iron removal, entering a tension screen sorting section to obtain a third oversize and a third undersize; and the second oversize entering a pneumatic sorting section to separate inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials. Addressing the characteristics of raw waste in the coastal areas of West Africa—high sand content, low moisture content, and a large amount of recyclables—this invention employs a multi-stage physical sorting method to effectively separate various resources from the raw waste, solving the problems of low efficiency and significant safety hazards associated with the local extensive manual sorting method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste sorting technology, specifically to a system and method for sorting raw waste in the coastal areas of West Africa. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its relatively underdeveloped economy and inadequate supporting environmental protection infrastructure, Africa's primary household waste is disposed of through extensive landfilling without proper sorting. As a result, materials such as glass, plastic, and cardboard are not effectively utilized, leading to a significant waste of recyclable resources.

[0003] Currently, materials with high recycling value, such as plastics and metals, in garbage are sorted manually by local residents. One method is to rush onto the garbage truck when it is unloading to quickly obtain the more valuable materials. Another method is to manually dig and rummage through the already piled garbage. Both methods pose significant safety hazards to personnel.

[0004] To improve the resource utilization rate of raw waste, reduce the safety hazards of extensive manual recycling, extend the service life of municipal solid waste landfills, and alleviate local employment pressure, this invention proposes a raw waste sorting process for Africa. Through process combination and technology optimization, it can effectively separate various resources and materials in raw waste.

[0005] However, due to geological reasons, raw waste in some parts of Africa often contains a lot of sand, especially in the coastal areas of West Africa, where the sand content in raw waste is significantly increased. A high sand content in raw waste not only affects the cleanliness and value of subsequent materials, but also affects the service life of equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a raw waste sorting system and method for the coastal areas of West Africa. It adds bar screen and tension screen sorting to the process stage, realizing the separation of sand and soil in the material at the front end, improving the cleanliness and value of recycled resources, extending the service life of sorting equipment, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0007] This invention discloses a raw waste sorting system for the coastal areas of West Africa, comprising: a chain plate feeding process section, a bar screen sorting process section, a manual sorting process section, a drum screen sorting process section, a material iron removal process section, a tension screen sorting process section, and a wind-powered sorting process section. The inlet of the chain plate feeding process section is used to receive raw waste, and the inlet of the chain plate feeding process section is connected to the inlet of the bar screening process section. The oversize outlet of the bar screen separation process section is used to transport the first oversize material, and the undersize outlet of the bar screen separation process section is connected to the inlet of the manual separation process section to transport the first undersize material to the manual separation process section; wherein, the first oversize material is inorganic aggregate with a particle size not less than a first threshold, and the first undersize material is material with a particle size less than the first threshold. The outlet of the manual sorting process section is connected to the inlet of the drum screen sorting process section, and is used to transport the remaining material after the high-value resource materials have been manually sorted to the drum screen sorting process section; wherein, the high-value resource materials include plastics, cardboard, aluminum cans and glass; The outlet of the oversize material from the drum screen separation section is connected to the inlet of the pneumatic separation section, for conveying the second oversize material to the pneumatic separation section, where it is separated by air to obtain inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials; the outlet of the undersize material from the drum screen separation section is connected to the inlet of the material iron removal section, for conveying the second undersize material to the material iron removal section; wherein, the second oversize material is material with a particle size not less than a second threshold, and the second undersize material is humus soil with a particle size less than the second threshold and containing sand and easily perishable substances; The outlet of the iron removal process section is connected to the inlet of the tension screening process section, and is used to transport the iron-removed biological material to the tension screening process section; the oversize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third oversize, and the undersize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third undersize; wherein, the third oversize is humus soil with a particle size not less than the third threshold, and the third undersize is sand with a particle size less than the third threshold.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the chain plate feeding process section includes a chain plate feeder and a material leveling machine set on the chain plate feeder. The raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeder by a loader or grab bucket. The effective length of the chain plate feeder is 6~10m and the effective width is 2~4m. The diameter of the roller leveling machine is 1.2~1.5m. The roller leveling machine has material-pushing plates evenly arranged on the roller. The distance between the roller and the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder is not less than 300mm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bar screening process section includes a bar screen, which is a single-layer screen with a bar spacing of 200~300mm; wherein the bar spacing is the first threshold.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the manual sorting process section includes a sorting belt and manual sorting stations located on both sides of the sorting belt. The length of the sorting belt is 15-20m. Rectangular receiving ports are set between the manual sorting stations on the same side. A mobile container is set below each receiving port. Plastic bottles, cardboard, aluminum cans and metals sorted manually are collected by the mobile container and stored separately. The remaining materials enter the drum screen sorting process section.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the drum screen separation process section includes a drum screen with an effective length of 8m, a diameter of 2.5m, and a screen plate aperture of 30~50mm; wherein, the screen plate aperture of the drum screen is the second threshold.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the material iron removal process section includes a belt conveyor and an iron separator located above the belt conveyor; the iron separator is at a height greater than 80mm above the material on the belt conveyor, and the magnetic field strength is greater than 700Gs.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the tension screening process section includes a tension screen, which is a single-layer screen with a screen diameter of 5~15mm; wherein, the screen aperture of the tension screen is the third threshold.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the wind sorting process section includes a wind sorting machine.

[0015] This invention also discloses a method for sorting raw waste in the coastal areas of West Africa, which is implemented using the aforementioned raw waste sorting system and includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeding section by a loader or grab bucket. The material is conveyed forward by the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder. During the conveying process, the material thickness is controlled by the material leveling machine set on the chain plate feeder. Step 2: After passing through the chain plate feeding process section, the material enters the bar screen separation process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the first oversize and the first undersize. The first oversize is inorganic aggregate with a particle size not less than the first threshold, and the first undersize is material with a particle size less than the first threshold. Step 3: The first screened material enters the manual sorting process section, where sorting workers located on both sides of the sorting belt classify and recycle the high-value resource materials in the first screened material. Step 4: The remaining materials after manual sorting enter the drum screen separation process section. The materials are separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the second oversize and the second undersize. The second oversize is the material with a particle size not less than the second threshold, and the second undersize is the humus soil with a particle size less than the second threshold and containing sand and easily decomposed substances. Step 5: The second screened material enters the iron removal process section, where the ferrous metals in the second screened material are separated by the magnetic adsorption of the iron separator. Step 6: The remaining material after iron removal enters the tension screening process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the third screen oversize and the third screen undersize. The third screen oversize is humus soil with a particle size not less than the third threshold, and the third screen undersize is sand with a particle size less than the third threshold. Step 7: The material from the second screen enters the air separation process section, where inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials in the material from the second screen are separated due to their different weights.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention, through a combination of processes and technological optimization, can effectively separate various resources and materials from raw waste, improve the resource utilization rate of raw waste, reduce the safety hazards of extensive manual recycling, extend the service life of municipal solid waste landfills, and alleviate local employment pressure.

[0017] This invention is particularly suitable for sorting raw waste with high sand content in the coastal areas of West Africa. It can separate sand from materials during the process, improve the cleanliness and value of subsequent materials, extend the service life of subsequent equipment, and reduce equipment maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a framework diagram of the native waste sorting system disclosed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the native waste sorting method disclosed in this invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Chain plate feeding process section; 2. Bar screening process section; 3. Manual sorting process section; 4. Drum screening process section; 5. Iron removal process section; 6. Tension screening process section; 7. Pneumatic sorting process section. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a raw waste sorting system for the coastal areas of West Africa, comprising: a chain plate feeding process section 1, a bar screen sorting process section 2, a manual sorting process section 3, a drum screen sorting process section 4, a material iron removal process section 5, a tension screen sorting process section 6, and a wind-powered sorting process section 7. The inlet of the chain plate feeding process section 1 is used to receive raw waste, and the inlet of the chain plate feeding process section 1 is connected to the inlet of the bar screening process section 2. The oversize outlet of the bar screen separation process section 2 is used to transport the first oversize material, and the undersize outlet of the bar screen separation process section is connected to the inlet of the manual separation process section 3 to transport the first undersize material to the manual separation process section; wherein, the first oversize material is inorganic aggregate with a particle size not less than a first threshold, and the first undersize material is material with a particle size less than the first threshold. The outlet of the manual sorting process section 3 is connected to the inlet of the drum screen sorting process section 4, and is used to transport the remaining material after the high-value resource materials are manually sorted to the drum screen sorting process section; wherein, the high-value resource materials include plastics, cardboard, aluminum cans and glass; The outlet of the oversize material in the drum screen separation process section 4 is connected to the inlet of the air separation process section 7, and is used to transport the second oversize material to the air separation process section, where inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials are obtained through air separation; the outlet of the undersize material in the drum screen separation process section 4 is connected to the inlet of the material iron removal process section 5, and is used to transport the second undersize material to the material iron removal process section 5; wherein, the second oversize material is material with a particle size not less than a second threshold, and the second undersize material is humus soil with a particle size less than the second threshold and containing sand and easily degradable substances; The outlet of the material iron removal process section 5 is connected to the inlet of the tension screening process section 6, and is used to transport the iron-removed biological material to the tension screening process section; the oversize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third oversize, and the undersize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third undersize; wherein, the third oversize is humus soil with a particle size not less than the third threshold, and the third undersize is sand with a particle size less than the third threshold.

[0022] Furthermore, the chain plate feeding process section includes a chain plate feeder and a material leveler installed on the chain plate feeder. The raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeder by a loader or grab bucket. The effective length of the chain plate feeder is 6~10m (preferably 8m) and the effective width is 2~4m (preferably 3m). The diameter of the roller leveler is 1.2~1.5m. Material leveling plates are evenly arranged on the roller of the roller leveler. The distance between the roller and the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder is not less than 300mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the bar screening process section includes a bar screen, which is a single-layer screen with a bar spacing of 200~300mm (preferably 250mm); wherein, the bar spacing is the first threshold; after the raw waste is screened by the bar screen, it is divided into a first oversize material with a particle size of not less than 250mm and a first undersize material with a particle size of less than 250mm. The first oversize material is inorganic aggregate with a larger particle size, and the first undersize material enters manual sorting.

[0024] Furthermore, the manual sorting process section includes a sorting conveyor belt and manual sorting stations located on both sides of the sorting conveyor belt. The sorting conveyor belt is 15-20m long, and the manual sorting stations are 1m wide. Rectangular receiving ports with a width of 800mm and a length of 1000mm are provided between the manual sorting stations on the same side. Each receiving port has a volume of 4m³ below it. 3 The mobile container collects and stores manually sorted plastic bottles, cardboard, aluminum cans, and metals, while the remaining materials enter the drum screen sorting process section.

[0025] Furthermore, the drum screen separation process section includes a drum screen with an effective length of 8m, a diameter of 2.5m, and a screen plate aperture of 30~50mm (preferably 45mm); wherein, the screen plate aperture of the drum screen is the second threshold; the material entering the drum screen is separated due to different particle sizes, the second undersize material with a particle size less than 45mm is separated by magnetic separation and then enters the tension screen for separation, and the second oversize material with a particle size not less than 45mm enters the air separation.

[0026] Furthermore, the material iron removal process section includes a belt conveyor and an iron separator located above the belt conveyor; the iron separator is at a height greater than 80mm above the material on the belt conveyor, and has a magnetic field strength greater than 700Gs, to collect ferrous metals in the material under the second screen, and the remaining material enters the tension screen for further sorting via the belt conveyor.

[0027] Furthermore, the tension sieve separation process section includes a tension sieve, which is a single-layer sieve with a diameter of 5-15 mm (preferably 10 mm). The sieve aperture of the tension sieve is the third threshold. The material under the third sieve with a particle size of less than 10 mm after separation is mainly sand with a smaller particle size, which can be transported off-site for backfilling. The material over the third sieve with a particle size of not less than 10 mm is mainly humus, which can be aerobic composted and fermented as raw material for preparing organic fertilizer.

[0028] Furthermore, the wind-powered sorting process section includes a wind-powered sorting machine, which uses the difference in material weight to separate lightweight materials from inorganic aggregates. The lightweight materials are mainly plastic bags, cloth strips, etc., which can be used for RDF preparation, while the inorganic aggregates can be used for temporary roads in sandy sites.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a method for sorting raw waste in the coastal areas of West Africa, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeding section by a loader or grab bucket. The material is conveyed forward by the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder. During the conveying process, the material thickness is controlled by the material leveling machine set on the chain plate feeder. Step 2: After passing through the chain plate feeding process section, the material enters the bar screen separation process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the first oversize and the first undersize. The first oversize is inorganic aggregate with a particle size of not less than 250mm, and the first undersize is material with a particle size of less than 250mm. Step 3: The first screened material enters the manual sorting process section. Sorting workers located on both sides of the sorting belt classify and recycle the high-value resource materials in the first screened material; among them, high-value resource materials include plastics, cardboard, aluminum cans and glass, etc.

[0030] Step 4: The remaining materials after manual sorting enter the drum screen separation process section. The materials are separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the second oversize and the second undersize. The second oversize is the material with a particle size of not less than 45mm, and the second undersize is the humus soil with a particle size of less than 45mm and containing sand and easily decomposed substances. Step 5: The second screened material enters the iron removal process section, where the ferrous metals in the second screened material are separated by the magnetic adsorption of the iron separator. Step 6: The remaining material after iron removal enters the tension screening process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the third screen oversize and the third screen undersize. The third screen oversize is humus soil with a particle size of not less than 10 mm, and the third screen undersize is sand with a particle size of less than 10 mm. Step 7: The material from the second screen enters the air separation process section, where inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials in the material from the second screen are separated due to their different weights.

[0031] All the various materials obtained from the raw waste separated by the above sorting process can be effectively utilized or disposed of, wherein: 1. Inorganic aggregates can be used to strengthen uneven geological foundations; 2. Plastics, cardboard, aluminum cans, glass, and other recyclable materials, as well as ferrous metals, can be recycled. 3. Sand can be used for site backfilling; 4. Humus can be composted aerobically as a raw material for preparing organic fertilizer; 5. Inorganic aggregates can be used for paving temporary roads in sandy or soil-based sites; 6. Lightweight materials can be used to prepare waste-derived fuel (RDF).

[0032] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A native waste sorting system for the West African offshore region, characterized by, include: The process includes chain plate feeding section, bar screening section, manual sorting section, drum screening section, iron removal section, tension screening section, and air-powered sorting section. The inlet of the chain plate feeding process section is used to receive raw waste, and the inlet of the chain plate feeding process section is connected to the inlet of the bar screening process section. The oversize outlet of the bar screen separation process section is used to transport the first oversize material, and the undersize outlet of the bar screen separation process section is connected to the inlet of the manual separation process section to transport the first undersize material to the manual separation process section; wherein, the first oversize material is inorganic aggregate with a particle size not less than a first threshold, and the first undersize material is material with a particle size less than the first threshold. The outlet of the manual sorting process section is connected to the inlet of the drum screen sorting process section, and is used to transport the remaining material after the high-value resource materials have been manually sorted to the drum screen sorting process section; wherein, the high-value resource materials include plastics, cardboard, aluminum cans and glass; The outlet of the oversize material from the drum screen separation section is connected to the inlet of the pneumatic separation section, for conveying the second oversize material to the pneumatic separation section, where it is separated by air to obtain inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials; the outlet of the undersize material from the drum screen separation section is connected to the inlet of the material iron removal section, for conveying the second undersize material to the material iron removal section; wherein, the second oversize material is material with a particle size not less than a second threshold, and the second undersize material is humus soil with a particle size less than the second threshold and containing sand and easily perishable substances; The outlet of the iron removal process section is connected to the inlet of the tension screening process section, and is used to transport the iron-removed biological material to the tension screening process section; the oversize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third oversize, and the undersize outlet of the tension screening process section is used to transport the third undersize; wherein, the third oversize is humus soil with a particle size not less than the third threshold, and the third undersize is sand with a particle size less than the third threshold.

2. The primary waste sorting system of claim 1, wherein, The chain plate feeding process section includes a chain plate feeder and a roller feeder installed on the chain plate feeder. Raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeder by a loader or grab bucket. The effective length of the chain plate feeder is 6~10m and the effective width is 2~4m. The roller feeder has a roller diameter of 1.2~1.5m. The roller feeder has evenly arranged feeding plates on the roller. The distance between the roller and the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder is not less than 300mm.

3. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bar screening process section includes a bar screen, which is a single-layer screen with a bar spacing of 200~300mm; wherein, the bar spacing is the first threshold.

4. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The manual sorting process section includes a sorting belt and manual sorting stations located on both sides of the sorting belt. The length of the sorting belt is 15-20m. Rectangular material receiving ports are set between the manual sorting stations on the same side. Mobile containers are set below each material receiving port. Plastic bottles, cardboard, aluminum cans and metals sorted manually are collected by the mobile containers and stored separately. The remaining materials enter the drum screen sorting process section.

5. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drum screen separation process section includes a rotary drum screen with an effective length of 8m, a diameter of 2.5m, and a screen plate aperture of 30~50mm; wherein, the screen plate aperture of the rotary drum screen is the second threshold.

6. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material iron removal process section includes a belt conveyor and an iron separator located above the belt conveyor; the iron separator is at a height greater than 80mm above the material on the belt conveyor, and the magnetic field strength is greater than 700Gs.

7. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tension screening process section includes a tension screen, which is a single-layer screen with a screen diameter of 5-15 mm; wherein, the screen aperture of the tension screen is the third threshold.

8. The raw waste sorting system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wind sorting process section includes a wind sorter.

9. A method for sorting raw waste in the coastal areas of West Africa, implemented using the raw waste sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw waste is transported to the chain plate feeding section by a loader or grab bucket. The material is conveyed forward by the conveying chain plate of the chain plate feeder. During the conveying process, the material thickness is controlled by the material leveling machine set on the chain plate feeder. Step 2: After passing through the chain plate feeding process section, the material enters the bar screen separation process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the first oversize and the first undersize. The first oversize is inorganic aggregate with a particle size not less than the first threshold, and the first undersize is material with a particle size less than the first threshold. Step 3: The first screened material enters the manual sorting process section, where sorting workers located on both sides of the sorting belt classify and recycle the high-value resource materials in the first screened material. Step 4: The remaining materials after manual sorting enter the drum screen separation process section. The materials are separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the second oversize and the second undersize. The second oversize is the material with a particle size not less than the second threshold, and the second undersize is the humus soil with a particle size less than the second threshold and containing sand and easily decomposed substances. Step 5: The second screened material enters the iron removal process section, where the ferrous metals in the second screened material are separated by the magnetic adsorption of the iron separator. Step 6: The remaining material after iron removal enters the tension screening process section. The material is separated due to different particle sizes to obtain the third screen oversize and the third screen undersize. The third screen oversize is humus soil with a particle size not less than the third threshold, and the third screen undersize is sand with a particle size less than the third threshold. Step 7: The material from the second screen enters the air separation process section, where inorganic aggregates and lightweight materials in the material from the second screen are separated due to their different weights.

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